DOCSLIB.ORG

Srtrategic Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Water Quality of River Chenab and Its Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Srtrategic Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Water Quality of River Chenab and Its Management SRTRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY OF RIVER CHENAB AND ITS MANAGEMENT submitted By MUHAMMAD TOUSIF BHATTI (2005-PhD-CEWRE-07) FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING University of Engineering and Technology LAHORE, PAKISTAN i SRTRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY OF RIVER CHENAB AND ITS MANAGEMENT By Muhammad Tousif Bhatti 2005-Ph.D.-CEWRE-07 A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Thesis examination date: 30-05-2009 ________________________________ Prof. Dr. Muhammad Latif Prof. Dr. M.A.Q Jahangir Durrani Research Advisor & Internal Examiner External Examiner NWFP University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan ________________________ Prof. Dr. Muhammad Latif Director, CEWRE Thesis Submitted on: CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 2009 ii This work is dedicated to my mother she could not wait to see the completion of this work but her prayers, love and care enabled me to do it all May her soul rest in Heavens (Aameen) iii ABSTRACT Water quality of many rivers in the developing countries is under serious threat of degradation and Pakistan is no exception to this. The river water may be polluted by the effluents stemming from industrial, municipal, agricultural or mining activities. The most affected rivers are those flowing through the urban areas and subjected to anthropogenic activities. The river Chenab, traversing near the industrial cities and municipalities, is largely used for constant disposal of untreated effluents in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Consequently water quality of the river degrades particularly in the low flow months. This study was conducted to monitor, assess and model the water quality (WQ) of river Chenab over a length of 292 km from its entrance in Pakistan at Marala. The monitoring program was conducted during low flow months (October to March) of years 2006-7 and 2007-8. Water samples were collected from seven locations along the river and all the contributing drains as well. These samples were analyzed for a variety of physical, chemical and biological quality parameters. The data collected from monitoring as well as from secondary sources were utilized in three phases of analysis. In the first phase water quality indices (WQIs) were calculated using CWQI 1.0 model developed by Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). Three intended uses of river water i.e. drinking, aquatic life and irrigation were incorporated for WQI calculations at selected points along the river. In the second phase, mathematical model (MIKE 11 model developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI), Denmark) was formulated to simulate a conservative WQ parameter v (salinity of river water). Two non-conservative WQ parameters (dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)) were modeled in third phase of the analysis using MIKE 11 model. The results of WQI revealed that the lower river reach (185 to 233 km) was more polluted than the upper 185 km segment. In this river reach, overall WQI ranking were poor for drinking and marginal for both irrigation and aquatic life. The WQIs for all three uses were ranked poor at sampling point located at 233 km below Marala headworks. The calibrated model for salinity simulated the most saline condition in the river during the months with minimum flow (i.e. November and December). The results also depicted high salinity in the downstream river reach receiving polluted effluents from two major drains (Faqirian Sillanwali and Chakbandi drain). Finally the model was calibrated and validated for DO and BOD. The results of simulations indicated DO depletion and high BOD levels in the downstream river reaches particularly from 200 to 270 km. Different scenarios were also tested to predict the river water salinity by varying discharge of the drains. The salinity of river water was found highly sensitive to the amount of effluents added by the surface drains. The study of management scenarios for BOD suggested that the maximum water quality improvement can be achieved if there is no diversion of flow from the river coupled with 60 percent reduction in BOD of the drain effluents through treatment. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise to ALMIGHTY ALLAH, the most compassionate, the most merciful; who blessed me to complete my studies and humblest and deepest gratitude to the greatest educator of mankind, the Holy Prophet MUHAMMAD (Peace be Upon Him). My deepest gratefulness is due to my Research Advisor Prof. Dr. Muhammad Latif (Director, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore) whose intellectual inspiration, guidance, encouragement and regular discussions have been invaluable to me. His continual willingness to listen, discuss and render critical judgments helped me to produce this work in its present shape. I wish to acknowledge my external examiners; Prof. Dr. M.A.Q. Jahangir Durrani (Pakistan), Prof. Dr. Faisal Khan (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada) and Prof. Dr. Shahbaz Khan (UNESCO, France) for assessing my PhD dissertation in spite of their professional and administrative engagements. I am thankful for their useful suggestions, personal interest, encouraging attitude and devoted guidance. Their critical readings and suggestions were helpful in further improving the dissertation. I express my heartiest thankfulness to my father Muhammad Idrees Bhatti whose motivation, support, love and prayers have always been with me in my life. I vii also acknowledge my beloved sisters and brothers for their continuous encouragement and care for me. My thanks are due to my friends especially Adnan Khan Niazi, Zeeshan Shehzad and Nadeem Abbas. Their love, sincerity and support are priceless. The whole remains incomplete, if I do not record my sincerest thanks to all faculty members and staff of CEWRE for their continued help and cooperation in completion of my research work and this manuscript. I also acknowledge the contribution of all those who helped me in any way during data collection, analysis and other phases of this research study. Eng. Muhammad Tousif Bhatti Dated: June 4, 2009 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................v AKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................vii TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................ix LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................xiii LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................xv LIST OF ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................................xviii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.............................................................1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND SCOPE OF WORK...............................4 1.3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS ........................................................................6 1.4 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................7 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...............................................................................8 2.1 LOW FLOW ANALYSIS.............................................................................8 2.1.1 Low-Flow Measures and Indices and Their Estimation from Stream-Flow Time Series ……… .........................................9 2.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT.....................14 2.2.1 Global Perspective………................................................................14 2.2.2 Local Perspective………..................................................................27 2.3 WATER QUALITY INDEXING.................................................................33 2.4 WATER QUALITY MODELING...............................................................38 2.4.1 Global Perspective……………........................................................38 2.4.2 Local Perspective…………… .........................................................48 2.5 DERIVED CONCLUSION ..........................................................................49 III MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF RIVER WATER QUALITY .......52 3.1 THE RIVER CHENAB.................................................................................52 3.1.1 Historical Background…. .................................................................52 3.1.2 Location….........................................................................................52 3.1.3 Chenab River Basin…. .....................................................................53 ix Table of Contents (Continued) 3.1.4 River Topology……….....................................................................54 3.1.5 Hydraulic Infrastructures….. ............................................................56 3.1.6 Travel and Lead Times….. ...............................................................68 3.1.7 Historical Discharges. .......................................................................70
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Author: Ali JAMSHED Matriculation No. 2846835 Submission Date: 05
    International Master’s Program in Infrastructure Planning UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART, GERMANY Master’s Thesis ASSESSING VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY OF FLOOD AFFECTED COMMUNITIES IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN CASE STUDY: DISTRICT JHANG AND MUZAFFARGARH Author: Ali JAMSHED Matriculation No. 2846835 Submission date: 05 November 2015 First supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Jörn Birkmann Institute for Regional Development and Spatial Planning (IREUS) University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart Germany. Email: [email protected] Photographs: Second supervisor: Prof. Dr. Obaidullah Nadeem Left - Department of City and Regional Planning De Souza,Carl Right 2014; (DCRP) University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Pakistan. Email: [email protected] - Mirza Hassan, 2014. Hassan, Mirza 1 Abstract ABSTRACT In Punjab, the continuous floods in the last six years especially in 2010 and 2014, due to climatic and non-climatic reasons, have exposed physical, socio-economic, and environmental vulnerabilities. The flood disaster management in Punjab is primarily focused on rescue, relief, and dependence of structural measures. The assessment of vulnerability is limited to district level (in form of mapping) which is incapable of identifying essential socio-economic drivers of vulnerability and local ability to cope and adapt. The mega flood of 2010 inflicted several changes in government structure and within communities. This research study assessed the vulnerability and capacity of flood affected communities as well as fluctuation in their vulnerability and capacity by analyzing planned and unplanned post flood responses. The study also determined the role of spatial planning in reducing flood vulnerabilities. To conduct the study, a vulnerability assessment framework was modified from sustainable livelihood and BBC framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Emergency Reconstruction and Resilience Project, Loan No
    Social Due Diligence Report Document stage: Final Date: 23 October 2016 PAK: Flood Emergency Reconstruction and Resilience Project, Loan No. 3264 Social Due Diligence Report of Left Marginal Bund (LMB) of Qadirabad Headwords. Reviewed by: Abdul Hameed, TA Resettlement Specialist for Project Implementation Unit, Punjab Irrigation Department (PID), Government of Punjab, Lahore. This due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Due Diligence Report of Left Marginal Bund, Qadirabad Flood Emergency Reconstruction and Resilience Project GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB Loan 3264: PAK - FLOOD EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION AND RESILIENCE PROJECT (FERRP) DUE DILIGENCE REPORT OF LEFT MARGINAL BUND OF Qadirabad HEADWORKS October 2016 Prepared by: Project Implementation Unit, Punjab Irrigation Department (PID), Lahore 2 Due Diligence Report of Left Marginal Bund, Qadirabad Flood Emergency Reconstruction and Resilience Project TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Abbreviations I. INTRODUCTION 5-7 Background 5-5 Flood Emergency Reconstruction and Resilience Project (FERRP) 5-5 Irrigation Component 5-5 Qadirabad Head works Left Marginal Bund (LMB) 5-5 Scope of Work 5-5 Project Design and Design Cross-section 6-8 CHAPTER 2 II. DUE DILIGENCE REVIEW 9-10 Purpose of DDR 9-9 Methodology 9-9 Desk Review of Project Documents 9-9 Consultations with ADB, PIU and Consultant 9-9 Field Visits 9-9 Community Consultations 9-9 Key Findings 9-9 LAR Impacts and Project Categorization 9-9 LAR and IPs Impacts 9-9 Socioeconomic and Impact Assessment Survey and Community Consultations 10-10 Institutions and Roles and Responsibilities 10-10 Grievance Redress Mechanism 10-10 Project Selection Criterion 10-10 Unanticipated Impacts 10-10 CHAPTER 3 III.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers, Canals, and Distributaries in Punjab, Pakistan
    Socio#Hydrology of Channel Flows in Complex River Basins: Rivers, Canals, and Distributaries in Punjab, Pakistan The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Wescoat, James L., Jr. et al. "Socio-Hydrology of Channel Flows in Complex River Basins: Rivers, Canals, and Distributaries in Punjab, Pakistan." Water Resources Research 54, 1 (January 2018): 464-479 © 2018 The Authors As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017wr021486 Publisher American Geophysical Union (AGU) Version Final published version Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122058 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ PUBLICATIONS Water Resources Research RESEARCH ARTICLE Socio-Hydrology of Channel Flows in Complex River Basins: 10.1002/2017WR021486 Rivers, Canals, and Distributaries in Punjab, Pakistan Special Section: James L. Wescoat Jr.1 , Afreen Siddiqi2 , and Abubakr Muhammad3 Socio-hydrology: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of 1School of Architecture and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2Institute of Data, Coupled Human-Water Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 3Lahore University of Management Systems Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Key Points: This paper presents a socio-hydrologic analysis of channel flows in Punjab province of the Coupling historical geographic and Abstract statistical analysis makes an Indus River basin in Pakistan. The Indus has undergone profound transformations, from large-scale canal irri- important contribution to the theory gation in the mid-nineteenth century to partition and development of the international river basin in the and methods of socio-hydrology mid-twentieth century, systems modeling in the late-twentieth century, and new technologies for discharge Comparing channel flow entitlements with deliveries sheds measurement and data analytics in the early twenty-first century.
    [Show full text]
  • B.A. 6Th Semester Unit IV Geography of Jammu and Kashmir
    B.A. 6th Semester Unit IV Geography of Jammu and Kashmir Introduction The state of Jammu and Kashmir constitutes northern most extremity of India and is situated between 32o 17′ to 36o 58′ north latitude and 37o 26′ to 80o 30′ east longitude. It falls in the great northwestern complex of the Himalayan Ranges with marked relief variation, snow- capped summits, antecedent drainage, complex geological structure and rich temperate flora and fauna. The state is 640 km in length from north to south and 480 km from east to west. It consists of the territories of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh and Gilgit and is divided among three Asian sovereign states of India, Pakistan and China. The total area of the State is 222,236 km2 comprising 6.93 per cent of the total area of the Indian territory including 78,114 km2 under the occupation of Pakistan and 42,685 km2 under China. The cultural landscape of the state represents a zone of convergence and diffusion of mainly three religio-cultural realms namely Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists. The population of Hindus is predominant in Jammu division, Muslims are in majority in Kashmir division while Buddhists are in majority in Ladakh division. Jammu is the winter capital while Srinagar is the summer capital of the state for a period of six months each. The state constitutes 6.76 percent share of India's total geographical area and 41.83 per cent share of Indian Himalayan Region (Nandy, et al. 2001). It ranks 6th in area and 17th in population among states and union territories of India while it is the most populated state of Indian Himalayan Region constituting 25.33 per cent of its total population.
    [Show full text]
  • Transboundary River Basin Overview – Indus
    0 [Type here] Irrigation in Africa in figures - AQUASTAT Survey - 2016 Transboundary River Basin Overview – Indus Version 2011 Recommended citation: FAO. 2011. AQUASTAT Transboundary River Basins – Indus River Basin. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 " 35Th PAKISTAN CONGRESS of ZOOLOGY (INTERNATIONAL) CENTRE OF
    PROCEEDINGS OF PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY Volume 35, 2015 All the papers in this Proceedings were refereed by experts in respective disciplines THIRTY FOURTH PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY held under auspices of THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PAKISTAN at CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN MARINE BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, KARACHI MARCH 1 – 4, 2015 CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Programme ii Members of the Congress xi Citations Life Time Achievement Award 2015 Late Prof. Dr. Shahzad A. Mufti ............................................xv Dr. Quddusi B. Kazmi .........................................................xvii Dr. Muhammad Ramzan Mirza.............................................xix Abdul Aziz Khan...................................................................xx Zoologist of the year award 2015............................................... xxii Prof. Dr. A.R. Shakoori Gold Medal 2015 ............................... xxiii Prof. Dr. Mirza Azhar Beg Gold Medal 2015 ........................... xxiv Prof. Imtiaz Ahmad Gold Medal 2015 ........................................xxv Prof. Dr. Nasima M. Tirmizi Memorial Gold Medal 2015..........xxvi Gold Medals for M.Sc. and Ph.D. positions 2015 ................... xxviii Certificate of Appreciation .........................................................xxx Research papers SAMI, A.J. JABBAR, B., AHMAD, N., NAZIR, M.T. AND SHAKOORI, A.R. in silico analysis of structure-function relationship of a neutral lipase from Tribolium castaneum .......................... 1 KHAN, I., HUSSAIN, A., KHAN, A. AND
    [Show full text]
  • Dams on Chenab River: How Many Are Too Many?
    South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers & People Dams on Chenab River: How many are too many? Chenab (Chand Aab), Chandrabhaga, or the Moon River flows for 130 kilometres in Himachal Pradesh, which holds a tiny proportion of the basins catchment area: 7500 sq kms of its total 61000 sq kms. In this tiny area, Himachal Pradesh is constructing, implementing and planning 49 hydroelectric projects on Chenab. While other rivers like Sutlej, Beas and Ravi as well as smaller streams and tributaries in Himachal are almost completely dammed or in the process of being finished off, Chenab was the last comparatively free flowing, healthy rivers of the State. Above: Tandi, where Rivers Chandra and Bhaga meet to form the Chandrabhaga, or Chenab. (Photo Courtesy: Kishore Thakural) As things stand now, if all these projects are implemented, less than 10% of the river can be seen flowing at all. Dams are being constructed bumper to bumper in a very tight sequence, where water from one hydro project meets not the river, but reservoir of the next hydro project in line. This conversion of a living river into a series of puddles, alternating with dry stretches, bypassed by the tunnels has a profound impact on ecology, biodiversity, hydrology, sociology and water availability of the region. Dec 2012 1 South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers & People Himachal is already facing all these impacts in the Sutlej basin where scores of projects are being implemented and where Luhri project, funded by the World Bank, will destroy the last remaining 50 kilometres free flowing stretch of the river.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Indus River at Darband
    RESTRICTED For official use only Not for . UNN42 Vol. 6 Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT OF THF, INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AS ADMINISTRATOR OF THE INDUS BASIN DEVELOPMENT FUND STUDY OF THIE WATER AND POWER RESOURCES OF WEST PAKISI AN Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME III Program for the Development of Surface Water Storage Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by a Group of the World Barnk Staff Headed by Dr. P. Lieftinck July 28, 1967 Public Disclosure Authorized i R0C FPU-F ClJRRENCY EQUIVALENTS 4.76 rupees = U.S. $1.00 1 rupee = U.S. $0. 21 1 millior rupees = U. S. $210, 000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I, INTRODUCTION 11..........- II-.. SURFACE. WATER HYDROLOGY. .3 .. .. , 3 Meteorological and GeographicalI Factors, .................... 3 Discharge- Measurement and River. F-lows- ... ....... .. ,44... Sediment-.Movement ..... v...............8....... 8. Floods-.JO,:,. ,10: III.. HISTORICAL. USE OF SURFACE WATER, . 12 Development of- the. System ....... ... 12 IV.. THE IACA APPROACH ..... 17 Method- of Analysis. ........... v.. 17 Surface. Water Re.quirements;. ........ r19. Integration, of.Surface and Groundwater Supplies' .. 22 Storable. Water. 23 Balancng- of Irrigation and Power..-Requi:rements.. 25 Future. River Regime ... .. 27 Accuracy- of Basic. Data . ....................... , ,,.. 27 Vt., IDENTIFICATION OF DAM'SITES AND, COMPARISON OF. PROJECTS' 29: S'cope of-the Studies ... 29. A. The Valley of the Indus,.......... 31 Suitability of the- Valley, for: Reservoir' Storagel 31 A(l.) The Middle Indus-. ...........-.. 31 Tarbela.Projject- . .. 32 Side Valley- ProjS'ectsi Associatedt w-ith Tar.bela ... 36 The Gariala' Site......... 36 The. Dhok Pathan S.te . ... ... 39 The Sanjwal-Akhori S'ites -.- , ... 40- The Attock Site .
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    477~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:. ~~~~~~44 .. Public Disclosure Authorized 00o4 Vf4. Xj a I%ARTIL i! f 4-4 .=44 !ffiS96-- * +<6 @ -*s ¢ r J t X I.S _ Public Disclosure Authorized $ 4~~~~4 S 444.44. -; K.ON- Public Disclosure Authorized .4 C'~~~~~~- 4 .,< drS nvftat' S -. 4• -"4--pt ~~~~~~~~~~~~>44z AP -r 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -4t L~~*esPakt(tn) Lt . < - : -~ .4: . - :d'44fes-r-m t.4 Public Disclosure Authorized &~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-Bmi & ater OIsos t TABLE OF CONTENTS c GRAZI-BAROTHA HYDROPOWER PROJECT REPORT ON SUPPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL 1.1 1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1.1 1.3 PREVIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 1.2 1.4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PANEL 1.2 1.5 SUPPLEMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 1.3 1.6 APPENDICES 1.4 REFERENCES CHAPTER 2 ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE INDUS RIVER FLOOD PLAIN 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1 2.2 APPROACH 2.1 2.3 MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE RIVERAIN AREA 2.2 2.4 PLANT COMMUNITIES IN VARIOUS HABITATS 2.3 2.4.1 General 2.3 2.4.2 Braided Alluvial Channel 2.3 2.4.3 Attock Gorge 2.5 2.4.4 Alluvial Basin 2.6 2.5 WILDLIFE USE OF HABITATS 2.6 2.5.1 Open Water 2.6 2.5.2 Temporary Belas 2.6 2.5.3 Permanent Belas 2.7 2.5.4 Ind-ds Gorge 2.8 2.6 POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF THE PROJECT 2.8 2.6.1 Effects on Natural Vegetation 2.8 2.6.2 Effects on Wildlife 2.10 (i) Page 2.7 CONCLUSION 2.11 REFERENCES CHAPTER 3 WASTEWATER DISPOSAL AND WATER QUALITY 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.1 3.1.1 Background 3.1 3.1.2
    [Show full text]
  • FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT a Hi-Tech Knowledge Management Tool for Disaster Risk Assessment at UNION COUNCIL Level
    2015 FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT A Hi-Tech Knowledge Management Tool for Disaster Risk Assessment at UNION COUNCIL Level A PROPOSAL IN VIEW OF LESSONS LEARNED ISBN (P) 978-969-638-093-1 ISBN (D) 978-969-638-094-8 205-C 2nd Floor, Evacuee Trust Complex, F-5/1, Islamabad 195-1st Floor, Deans Trade Center, Peshawar Cantt; Peshawar Landline: +92.51.282.0449, +92.91.525.3347 E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.alhasan.com ALHASAN SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITED A Hi-Tech Knowledge Management, Business Psychology Modeling, and Publishing Company 205-C, 2nd Floor, Evacuee Trust Complex, Sector F-5/1, Islamabad, Pakistan 44000 195-1st Floor, Dean Trade Center, Peshawar Can ; Peshawar, Pakistan 25000 Landline: +92.51.282.0449, +92.91.525.3347 Fax: +92.51.835.9287 Email: [email protected] Website: www.alhasan.com Facebook: www.facebook.com/alhasan.com Twi er: @alhasansystems w3w address: *Alhasan COPYRIGHT © 2015 BY ALHASAN SYSTEMS All rights reserved. No part of this publica on may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmi ed, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior wri en permission of ALHASAN SYSTEMS. 58 p.; 8.5x11.5 = A3 Size Map ISBN (P) 978-969-638-093-1 ISBN (D) 978-969-638-094-8 CATALOGING REFERENCE: Disaster Risk Reduc on – Disaster Risk Management – Disaster Risk Assessment Hyogo Framework for Ac on 2005-2015 Building the Resilience of Na ons and Communi es to Disasters IDENTIFY, ACCESS, AND MONITOR DISASTER RISKS AND ENHANCE EARLY WARNING x Risk assessments
    [Show full text]
  • In the Surge of Healing?
    In the surge of healing? The case of Indus Basin Rabail Gul Urban Studies Master’s Thesis (Two-year master) 30 credits Spring 2017 Supervisor: Guy Baeten Site of River Ravi – Branching from Indus Basin (Malik, 2014) Acknowledgement The portrayal of water security-scarcity nexus could not be possible without the help of work from Mustafa. Weaving the real and ideal world this dissertation greatly benefited from the comments provided by Carina Listerborn and Maria Persdotter during the thought process. The critical analysis of case studies has been enriched with data and evidence provided by Muhammad Javed and Kashif Javed since the beginning. They also helped in organizing the interviews from professionals which proved an immense assistance. An insight of the official documents has also been provided by Ayesha Shoib which motivated the methods of analyzing the whole phenomenon. This paper would be hardly possible without the moral support of my parents Misbah Abid and Abid Ghafoor. List of Selected Abbreviations AK Azad Kashmir BBC British Broadcasting Corporation CM Cubic Meters CPEC China Pakistan Economic Corridor FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation GDP Gross Domestic Product HKH Hindu Kush Himalayan IBIS Indus Basin Irrigation System IRS Indus River System IRSA Indus River System Authority IWRM Integrated water resources management IWT Indus Waters Treaty J&K Jammu and Kashmir LoC Line of Cntrol LDA Lahore Development Authority MCM Million Cubic Meters MR Marala Ravi SCARPs Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects UIB Upper Indus Basin UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNSC United Nations Security Council USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority WB World Bank WWC World Water Council Table of Contents Summary ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • River Ravi Ecology and Fishery
    RIVER RAVI ECOLOGY AND FISHERY USHA MOZA Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture Indian Council of Agricultural Research Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, New Delhi 110 012 PRINTED :JANUARY 2014 Project Director : Dr Rameshwar Singh Incharge, EEU : Dr Aruna T. Kumar Editing : Dr Sudhir Pradhan Chief Production Officer : Dr V K Bharti ACTO : Ashok ShastriAshok Shastri All Rights Reserved © 2014, Indian Council of Agricultural Research ISO No. 9001:2008 Organization New Delhi Published by Dr Rameshwar Singh, Project Director, Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. M/s Chandu Press, D-97, Shakarpur, Delhi - 110 092 Preface iver Ravi one of the five rivers of Indus system Ris 720 km long, out of which 320 km is in India, of which 158 km lies within Himachal Pradesh and 162 km within Punjab, where it is exploited for fishery resources. Ravi known as Irawati to ancient Indians, originates from northern face of Rohtang pass in the Himachal Pradesh and flows through the junction formed by the BaraBang- Dhauladhar range of the Himalayas as two channels namely Budhil and Tantgari at an elevation of 4,423 msl and 4,418 msl. After joining, it flows through Himachal Pradesh mainly Chamba district, where it receives many tributaries. The river enters Punjab around Shahpur town of Pathankot, forms international boundary while passing through Gurdaspur and Amritsar districts of Punjab and finally leaves Indian Territory at Goina/ Kakarmani village some 80 km away from Lahore city. It
    [Show full text]