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Late Quaternary Arthropods from the Colorado Plateau, Arizona and Utah

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Late Quaternary Arthropods from the Colorado Plateau, Arizona and Utah Great Basin Naturalist Volume 52 Number 1 Article 8 5-11-1992 Late Quaternary arthropods from the Colorado Plateau, Arizona and Utah Scott A. Elias University of Colorado, Boulder Jim I. Mead Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff Larry D. Agenbroad Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Elias, Scott A.; Mead, Jim I.; and Agenbroad, Larry D. (1992) "Late Quaternary arthropods from the Colorado Plateau, Arizona and Utah," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 52 : No. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol52/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Great Bos;n N.turalist52(ll, 1992, pp. 59--;;7 LATE QUATERNARY ARTHROPODS FROM THE COLORADO PLATEAU, ARIZONA AND UTAH 2 2 Scott A. Elias', Jim I. Mend , and Larry D. Agenbro.d ABs'rlVlCT.-Late Quaternary-age arthropods were recovered from dry ca....e deposits and pachat middens located in the Grand Canyon., Canyonlands, and Glen Canyon region of the OJlorado Plateau. This Quaternary data resource has not been analyzed before from the Colorado Plateau national parks. Radiocarbon dates on the various deposits (."Ontaining arthropods range from 1510 to 30,660 yr B.P. The fossil assemblages yielded 57 identified taxa of insects. amchnids. and millipedes. including 15 taxa taken lotbespeciesleveJ. The information from the fossil insect record ofthe Colorado Plateau is not yet sufficiently detailed to pennit precise paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, preliminary conclusions suggest acooler, moister climatic regime during thelate Wisconsin glacial and a mosaicofvegetation types, such as grossland and shrubby communities, unlike the present vegetation at the locnlities. Key wott:k: Quaternary, Colorado Plateau, arthropods, Wisconsin glacial, Grand Canyon, caoos. ThiS paper discusses the results of a prelimi­ Rampart Cave (western Grand Canyon, Ari­ nary study of late Quaternary arthropod fossils zona) were the scenes ofthe first paleoecolOgi­ from cave deposits and packrat middens from cal studies utiliZing dry-preserved dung of an southern Utah and northern Arizona. This Qua­ extinct animal. Laudermilk and Munz (1934, ternary dutu source has not been analyzed 1938) found a wealth ofinformation preserved before from the Colorado Plateau, although the in the dung of extinct Shasta ground sloth arid Southwest has been the focus of pale­ (Nothrotheriops sho-stensis). Later studies con­ oenvironmental studies for approximately halfa cerned with dietary reconstructions exponnded century (Antevs 1939). Arid climate, coupled on the data available from dung ofextinct her­ with episodic fluctuating water tables, has bivores, including Shasta ground sloth, mam­ proven detrimental to the preservation of most moth (Mammuthus), Harrington's mountain exposed fossil remains. However, the same xeric goat (Oreamnos harringtonil, and bison conditions, when coupled with a stable rock (Bison), among others (Martin et al. 1961, shelter, provide a unique situation---<lry preser­ Hansen 1980, Davis et al. 1984, Mead, vation. Such xeric locations provide the pJ·eser­ O'Rourke, and Foppe 1986, Mead, Agenbroad vation ofnot only pollen and plant macrofossils, et al. 1986, Mead et al. 1987, Mead and but also soft tissues and other usually degrad­ Agenbroad 1989). able remains ofanimals (such as skin., hair, kera­ Packrats (Neotoma; Rodentia; Cricetidae) tinous tissues, and dung; Wilson 1942). The build nests surrounded by construction materi­ study ofpackrat middens in the Southwest has als collected from within 30 to 100 m of the prOvided a reconstruction ofthe Wisconsin gla­ house. The construction components are pre­ cial biological communities never before dominantly plant materials, but the packrat also observable in such detail (see various chapters collects small stones, skeletal remains, and in Betancourtet al. 1990). Thus, an entirely new dung. Adding to the materials procured by the field ofresearch has been opened, and it should packrat are various vertebrates and inverte­ prove valuable in understanding tbe latest brates who live in the nest and waste pile as Pleistocene. commensals. Periodic house cleaning produces Dry cave deposits were quickly discovered to a waste pile of debris. Urination on the waste be a warehouse oflate Pleistocene infonnation. pile (a midden) ultimately may cement the Gypsum Cave (near Las Vegas, Nevada) and remains into a rock-hard deposit, encapsulating ~Jnrtlfl.lteorAll/me Research. Box 450. UniYersity ofColorodo, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0450. QUUfettllu)' Stuc\iu PTognun tmd Departme1lt orc.:.:.logy.lk>xS6«. NQrthem A,iwnu UJlI--e~(y.~.Ariwna86011-:)644. 59 60 GIU<:AT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 52 105" NV UT roAlbUqUerque '> ( CAJAZ l. B-K :: Bide 8 Keeton coves l-~cJ E:: Escalante River localities S=Salt Creek Canyon km I I o 150 [<'ii!:. L Map of the Colorado Plateau with sites discussed in text. the contents ofthat time. 'When these indurated 1987, Elias and Van Devender 1990, 1991). (cemented) middens are located in a dry alcove, Elias (1990) also recently published the results rock shelter, or cave, the contents may be pre­ of a taphonomic study designed to reveal the served f<Jr as long as the shelterexists. Radiocar­ sources and possible biases of insect exoskele~ bon dating ofindurated midden layers provides tons in packrat middens. a chronological framework for the associated plant and animal remains. Middens, then, pro­ METHODS vide a unique examination of local past biotic communities. Localities The investigation ofinsect f()ssils from ancient Matrices from packrat middens and cave sed­ packrat middens and cave deposits is a new iments were washed or hand picked for arthro­ approach that is just beginningto show substan­ pod and other animal and plant remains. tial results. One of the authors (SAE) recently Packrat midden and cave deposits from two performed more extensive research on a series cave sites were analyzed from Grand Canyon of insect f()ssil assemblages from packrat mid­ National Park (CRCA), Coconino County, Ari­ dens in the Chihuahuan desert regions ofwest~ zona; three pachat middens from Salt Creek, ern Texas and south central New Mexico (Elias Canyonlands National Park (CANY), San Juan 1992] QUATERNARY ARTHROPODS, COLOIJADO PLATEAU 61 County, Utah; and thrce packrat middens and T... HLE 1. Late Qllalenl,lrydt:posits and r;ldincarlxlll dates one cave deposit from the Escalante River from site.~ on the Colomno Plateau (..·ontaining lIlihropock region of Glen Canyon anonal Recreation Locality C Hge Lah number Area (GLCA), Kane County, Utah (Fig. 1). " Bida Cave is a large limestone cave located in Crand Canyon National Park, Al"izona pinyon-juniper woodland at 1430 m elevation in 8ilb Cave GRCA. Cole (1990) reported on the packrat Layer 2 2!J(j() " 200 A-2&1(i middens recovered frum the cave. Test pit exca­ Layer 4 16.J5O =- 600 HL-lJ;>5 Layer S none vations produced a multitude of faunal and Layer 8 24,100 -+ 43()J A-2173 Ooral remains (Mead 1983, O'Rourke and Mead - 28CXl 19&5, Mead, O'Rourke, and Foppe .1.986, Kactan Cave McVickar am] Mead ms). Radiocarbon dates Layer] 14,220 :': 320 A-28;)S Layer 3 l7,.500 :': :300 A-2723 (spanning from 2960 to 24,190 yr B.P.) on vari­ Layer 5 nOlle ous remains are presented in Mead (1983) and L..yer 6 3O,600::t 1800 A-2722 Mead, Martin et al. (.1.986); those ages from Layer 8+ nonc units containing arthropod remains are listed in Packrat midden 1b 17,100 ~ 500 1\-2719 Owl Roru.t Table l. 1\2 2U10 ~ 1500 A.JOIl2 Kaetan Cave is a medium-sized limestone 2 non(~ caveat 1430 m elevation in GRCA. Mead (l 983) Canyonlands ational Park, Utah excavated portions of the deposit in the Snit Creek Canyon (packmt middens) entrance roum for the remains ofextinct moun­ Dead Owl lA 3&30 :!: 70 Ucl"<l-18267 tain goat (Dream""s IWITingtoni) (O'Rourke Woodenshoe 1 6980 ::!:: 120 B{~ta-2721-1 Hoodoo 1 27,660:': 340 llclu~27213 and Mead 1985, Mead, O'Rourke, and Foppe 1986). Paleoenvironmental reconstruction Glen C:myon National Ih..-crcation Area, Ulah based on the macrobotanical remains recovered Escalante River region (packrat middens) B(~ta-Zn{)n from packrat middens and stratified sediments Bcchan Cave 3 1.1)10:': 60 Cow·Perfect t 1820:': HX) 13(~ta·2,3711 is in manuscript (McVickar and Mead). Radio­ Downs 1 8640 :': 140 B(~tlL-23704 carbon ages span the period from 14,220 to Bechan Cave 1.5S 11,600-13,.'505 • 30,600 yr B.P. (Table 1). •A""",,.< of(bt('s ~". 'U"\~·'ffll 011 'u",u"wll"" (mmmnuthl ~1I<1 cr.lit,c,'mll",r. Three packrat middens selected from a sclies j"m (shnlhox),I,mg (Sloe J):wi.~ <'I'll. 19N.S, Mm,l Ag,,"lm~,,1d nl. 1!RiO, M...,,,I uml A~,",nlm~l(lll1s.). collected from S"lt Creek Canyon, CANY (1505 to 1755 m elevation), have rrnliocarbon age' tmgacanth, a water-soluble glue. Fragile speci­ spanning 3830 to 27,660 yr B.P.; today the mens and duplicates were stored in vials of region is pinyon-juniper woodland with sage­ brush flats. The anal)"'i' of the macrobotanical alcohol. Fossils were identified chieOy through remains and paleoenvironmental reconstruc­ compadsons with modem identified specimens tions ofthe middens Ls in manuscript (Mead and in tbe U.S. Natiooal Museum ofNal1lrJllIistory Agenbroad), (Smithsoni<m Institution), Wa.,hington, D.C. Bechan Cave contains copious remains of Some specimens were referred to taxonomic extioct herbivore dung (Davis etal. 1985, Me"d, specialists, a., noted io the acknowledgments. Agenbroad et al. 1986, Mead and Agenbroad Modern ecological requirements and distrihu­ 1989) recovered from Door sediments dating tions for species identified in the fossil assem­ 11 ,600 to 13,50.5 yr B,P.
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