Earth's Biggest Volcano: the Hawaii Drilling Project 4
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
ISSN: 1816-8957 , March 2009 7 NUMBER 1, 2005 N o . Scientific Drilling Reports on on Deep Deep Earth Earth Sampling Sampling and Monitoring and Monitoring Earth's Biggest Volcano: The Hawaii Drilling Project 4 Addressing Geohazards Through Ocean Drilling 15 Ocean Drilling Cores Consolidated in Three Global Repositories 31 Early Life on Earth: Cleaverville Drilling Project 34 In Situ Sampling of Gas Hydrates 44 Workshop Reports: Lake Drilling, Normal Faults, and Hydrothermal Systems 51 Published by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program with the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Scientific Drilling Editorial Preface ISSN 1816-8957 (printed version) 1816-3459 (electronic version) Scientific Drilling is a semiannual journal published by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Dear Reader: Program (IODP) with the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). The editors welcome contributions on any aspect of scientific drilling, including borehole instruments, observatories, and Volcanoes have many stories to tell,����������������������������������������������������������������������������� and their activity profoundly impacts monitoring experiments. The journal is produced and distributed by the Integrated human life ���������and �����Earth��������������������������������s environment. In this issue of Scientific Drilling, a Ocean Drilling Program Management report on the Hawaii Drilling Project highlights “hot spot” volcanism (p. 4). International (IODP-MI) for the IODP under the sponsorship of the U.S. National Science A decade of planning and drilling on the island of Hawaii resulted in 3500 m Foundation, the Ministry of Education, of ��������������������drillcores from lava �������������������������������������������ows piled up by the Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, and other participating countries. volcanic systems. Detailed analyses tell an intriguing story about the Earth�s The journal’s content is partly based upon research supported under Contract mantle down to 3000 km depth, and how the volcanoes, rising 10 km from OCE-0432224 from the National Science the seabed, formed over time and host an unexpected hydrogeological Foundation. system. Planned drilling in Kamchatka (p. 54) will address the source of Electronic versions of this publication and energy and water driving hydrothermal systems in volcanoes typical of the information for authors can be found at http://www.iodp.org/scientific-drilling/ Pacific Ring of Fire. And�������������������������������������������������,������������������������������������������������ a report on the potential for ocean drilling to and http://www.icdp-online.org/scientific- address volcanic, seismogenic, and other geohazards is presented on p. 15. drilling/. Printed copies can be requested from the publication office. IODP is an international marine research Climate and environmental change are at the top of global research drilling program dedicated to advancing initiatives. The environment in which life ourished 3.2 billion years ago is scientific understanding of the Earth by monitoring and sampling subsea - the target for drilling in northwestern Australia (p. 34). Drilling into a lake floor environments. Through multiple in southeastern Europe holds the potential to recover much more recent drilling platforms, IODP scientists explore the program’s principal themes: the deep records of environmental evolution linked to an amazing biological biosphere, environmental change, and solid speciation (p. 51).������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������The quest for drilling cores at high latitude���������������s�������������� significantly Earth cycles. depends on the ability to image targets seismically (p. 40) and the ability to ICDP is a multi-national program designed to promote and coordinate continental drilling cope with challenging logistics (p. 38). Gas hydrates are important compo- projects with a variety of scientific targets at nents in the global carbon cycle and a potential��������������������ly������������������ giant hydrocarbon drilling sites of global significance. resource. Technology to sample the icy gas under in ���it� conditions is Publication Office IODP-MI, CRIS Building-Room 05-104, reported on p. 44. ����������������������������������������������������L���������������������������������������������������ast������������������������������������������������ly����������������������������������������������, the global science community will be greatly Hokkaido University, N21W10 Kita-ku, supported by the concentration of o�������������������������������������������cean������������������������������������������ �������������������������������������drilling������������������������������������ cores (p. 31) in three fully Sapporo, 001-0021 Hokkaido, Japan. Tel: +81-11-738-1075 accessible international core repositories. Fax: +81-11-738-3520 e-mail: [email protected] url: www.iodp.org/scientific-drilling/ Taken together, the fundamental contribution������������������������s����������������������� by scientific drilling Editorial Board projects to understand���������ing������ Earth��������������������������������������s environment and its immense natural Editor-in-Chief Hans Christian Larsen variability over geological time should leave no doubt about their impor- Editor Ulrich Harms Send comments to: tance. Unfortunately, delays in drilling platform refurbishment and repair, [email protected] and unavailability of mission-�������������������������������������specific platforms�������������������������all related to an overheated Editorial Review Board Gilbert Camoin, Keir Becker, offshore and shipyard market�have caused an almost three����������-���������year�����-����long Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Naohiro Ohkouchi, drilling hiatus during IODP�s initial five years. Light now appears at the end Steve Hickman, Christian Koeberl, Julie Brigham-Grette, and Maarten DeWit of the tunnel��������������������������������������.������������������������������������� The Japanese riser drilling platform Chiky�, the U������������.�����������S����������.-��������supplied Copy Editing JOIDES Re�ol�tion (following complete ���������������������������������refurbishment of ����������������vessel, drilling Glen Hill, Obihiro, Japan. equipment, and laboratory), and mission��������������������������������-�������������������������������specific platforms for shallow- Layout, Production and Printing water coring will all be active in 2009 (see schedule on back cover). This Mika Saido and Renata Szarek (IODP-MI), schedule will set a new high mark for scientific ocean drilling activity and and provide a welcome backdrop for preparations for IODP renewal ��������in������ 2013, SOHOKKAI, Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan. which will start in 2009 with a major, community��������������������-�������������������wide conference (p. ��66) IODP-MI Washington, DC, U.S.A. addressing the scientific challenges and opportunities for ocean drilling Sapporo, Japan after���������������������������������������������������������������� 2013. The constructive interaction with ICDP and other drilling www.iodp.org Program Contact: Nancy Light programs, observatory science,��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� and environmental modeling efforts �������will no [email protected] doubt form the context of this major conference. ICDP German Research Center for Geosciences – GFZ www.icdp-online.org Program Contact: Ulrich Harms [email protected] Hans Christian Larsen Ulrich Harms All figures and photographs courtesy of the Editor-in-Chief Editor IODP or ICDP, unless otherwise specified. Front Cover: Formation of pahoehoe lava, Kilauea volcano, big island of Hawaii. Photo: Katharine Cashman, University of Oregon. See article on p. 4. Left inset: Assembling drill core pieces after recovery and preparations for the initial core marking, description and optical scanning at the HSDP field laboratory in Hilo. (See page 4.) Scientific Drilling, No. 7, March 2009 Science Reports Deep Drilling into a Mantle Plume Volcano: 4 The Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project by Edward M. Stolper, Donald J. DePaolo, and Donald M. Thomas Science Reports 15 Addressing Geohazards Through Ocean Drilling by Julia K. Morgan, Eli Silver, Angelo Camerlenghi, Brandon Dugan, Stephen Kirby, Craig Shipp, and Kiyoshi Suyehiro Progress Reports Workshop Reports 31 New Focus on the Tales of the Earth—Legacy 51 Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Cores Redistribution Project Completed Conditions in Lake Ohrid—SCOPSCO Workshop 34 Clues of Early Life: Dixon Island–Cleaverville Report Drilling Project (DXCL-DP) in the Pilbara Craton 54 The Magma-Hydrothermal System at Mutnovsky of Western Australia Volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia 38 Complex Drilling Logistics for Lake El’gygytgyn, 60 MOLE: A Multidisciplinary Observatory and NE Russia Laboratory of Experiments in Central Italy Technical Developments News and Views 40 New Seismic Methods to Support Sea-Ice 65 News and Views Platform Drilling 44 Wireline Coring and Analysis under Pressure: Schedules Recent Use and Future Developments of the HYACINTH System back cover IODP and ICDP Expedition Schedules Scientific Drilling, No. 7, March 2009 Science Reports Deep Drilling into a Mantle Plume Volcano: The Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project by Edward M. Stolper, Donald J. DePaolo, and Donald