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Thunlam 1-09.Pub Thunlam 1/2009 Nachrichten, Berichte und Hintergründe aus dem Königreich Bhutan Thunlam Newsletter 1/2009 Liebe Freundinnen und Freunde Bhutans, Das letzte Jahr hatte es in sich: Bhutan hat einen neuen König! Und eine neue Verfassung, eine demokra- tisch gewählte Regierung, eine Schnellstraße, neue Hotels und andere Gebäude, ein Allzeithoch bei den Touristenzahlen, usw., usw.. In Bhutan tut sich viel. Soviel, das es manchmal schon ziemlich schwer fällt, mitzuhalten. Nicht nur als eifri- ger Leser der Nachrichten aus Bhutan, sondern sicherlich auch als Bewohner des Drachenlandes. Wohin wird all das führen, mag man sich fragen. Darüber machen sich auch die Bhutaner selbst Gedanken—und die können Sie hier nachlesen. Beispielsweise unter der Rubrik „Bruttosozialglück“ auf S. 32. Von den Feiern aus Thimphu, die ein großes Volksfest für die Bewohner darstellten, berichten wir aber zu- allererst. Was für eine Begeisterung da herrschte! In der Redaktion hat sich soviel Bildmaterial angesam- melt, dass wir einen eigenen Bildband zur Krönung herausbringen könnten. Stattdessen haben wir uns auf die tatsächlichen Abläufe konzentriert und diese hier geschildert. Eine wegweisende Rede hat der König bei seinem Amtsantritt gehalten und die es wert ist hier in Übersetzung wiedergegeben zu werden (S. 5). Auch einen „Augenzeugenbericht“ aus Punakha mit genauer Schilderung der Abläufe dort haben wir da- bei—von Harald N. Nestroy (ab S. 37). Bhutan befindet sich also an dem Scheideweg in eine neue Zukunft. Das letzte Halbjahr hat so viele Verän- derungen mit sich gebracht, dass man es mit Fug und Recht ein historisches Jahr nennen kann. Auch die Deutsche Bhutan Himalaja Gesellschaft ist mit einem kleinen Beitrag dabei gewesen. Die Renovierung des CHUCKCHI LHAKHANGS in Bumthang konnte pünktlich zur Königskrönung abgeschlossen werden. Da- von wollen wir hier berichten (ab S..34) und hoffen, dass Ihnen das Lesen genauso viel Spaß machen wird, wie uns das Schreiben. Viel Vergnügen dabei! Ihr Gregor Verhufen Titelbild : Seine Majestät, Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck, der fünfte Druk Gyalpo (Drachenkönig) Bhu- tans mit der Rabenkrone. DB= von Dieter Brauer verfasste Beiträge. Thunlam wird herausgegeben von: Deutsche Bhutan Himalaya Gesellschaft e.V. Goldregenstr. 34, 45770 Marl, Tel./Fax: 02365-203 369 E-mail: [email protected]; Internet: www.bhutan-gesellschaft.de Redaktion/Verantwortlich für den Inhalt: Gregor Verhufen Mainzer Str. 287 53179 Bonn Tel. 0228-365507 E-mail: [email protected] 3 Die Krönung des Königs Ermächtigung rezitierte. Die fünf po (Mahakala). Jaro Dongchhen Farben der Schals repräsentie- weist eine schwarze Körperfar- ren die fünf Elemente Wasser, be auf und besitzt einen Raben- Erde, Feuer, Wind und Raum – kopf. Allgemein wird angenom- die Basis der physischen Exis- men, dass die schwarze Farbe tenz der Welt, personifiziert in alle anderen Farben absorbiert, Seiner Majestät. genauso, wie auch Mahakala Im Buddhismus ist man davon alle Namen und Formen absor- überzeugt, dass mit dieser Er- biert. Schwarz bedeutet auch mächtigung der Druk Gyalpo die Abwesenheit aller anderen den Aktivitäten der „Fünf Budd- Farben und wird daher gleichge- ha Familien“ untersteht - Befrie- setzt mit der absoluten Wirklich- dung, Mehrung, Ermächtigung, keit, die alle Qualitäten und For- Zerstörung sowie die Kombinati- men übertrifft. on der ersten vier. Die Krönungszeremonie verkör- Im goldenen Thronsaal des pert den Willen des Volkes in Tashichhodzong in Thimphu der Person des Königs und wird setzte später der Vater des jun- als das bhutanische System gen Königs, Jigme Singye Wan- bzw. die Essenz der bhutani- chuck, in Anwesenheit der kö- schen Identität gewertet. Die niglichen Familie, den Vorsit- Rabenkrone macht seinen Trä- zenden aller Regierungspartei- ger zum obersten Kämpfer des en sowie gewählten Ehrengäs- Landes. Abgesehen von seiner ten seinem Sohn, Jigme Khesar Funktion als höchster Schutz- Namgyal Wangchuck, die Ra- herr seiner Landsleute und Stif- Der fünfte Druk Gyalpo trägt die benkrone auf. Es wurden die ter von Harmonie innerhalb der Rabenkrone. Im Hintergrund die Symbole für Körper, Sprache Gesellschaft, ist er kraft seines Bänder mit fünf Farben. und Geist vom Klerus, der Re- Amtes und entsprechend der Foto: Kuenselonline gierung, Gerichtsbarkeit und Konstitution Staatsoberhaupt, Zur Königskrönung in Bhutan dem Militär übergeben. Im An- Ursprung und Quell von Justiz schluss erhielt Seine Majestät und Ehre sowie der Schützer Seine Majestät Jigme Khesar von Seiner Heiligkeit, dem Je der Religion. Der König Bhutans Namgyal Wangchuck, der neue Khenpo die Weihe für einen gilt in diesem Sinne als Dharma- König Bhutans wurde am Mor- Universellen Herrscher, ein- König (Dharma, oft als ‚die gen des 1. November 2008, am schließlich aller damit verbunde- buddhistische Religion‘ über- dritten Tag des neunten bhutani- nen Symbole. Den Abschluss setzt, bedeutet hier „Gesetz“), schen Monats, zum „Druk Gyal- bildete die Darbietung des Thri- und er kann als Hüter des Ge- po“ – König des Drachenlandes, dar (wörtl. Thronseide, der setzes folglich nicht über dem gekrönt. Die Krönung selbst be- glückverheißende Seidenschal) Gesetz stehen. Die buddhisti- stand aus zwei Teilen, dem durch alle Anwesenden sowie sche Auffassung eines König- nichtöffentlichen Teil im Mach- der vielen tausend draußen war- reichs unterscheidet sich von hen Lhakhang in Punakha tenden Gratulanten aus Bhutan dem Begriff der „göttlichen Dzong (dort, wo sich auch und der Welt. Macht“ eines Königs, so, wie sie Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel‘s in einigen westlichen und Stupa und die heiligste Statue östlichen Ländern interpre- Bhutans, der Rangjung Kharsa- tiert wird, wo man der Auf- pani, befinden), bei dem nur we- fassung ist, dass sich die nige erlauchte Gäste anwesend Macht Gottes im König waren, und dem öffentlichen Teil, manifestiert und dieser der sich in Thimphu abspielte daher über dem Gesetz (weiter Details dazu finden Sie steht und zum Alleinherr- auch im Artikel von H. Nestroy in scher wird. diesem Heft). Während der religi- Die Einführung der Demo- ösen Feiern wurden dem König kratie in Bhutan reflektiert die Dhar Na Nga (fünf farbige SM Jigme Singye Wanchuck setzt seinem nach Ansicht der Bhutaner Seidenschals in weiß, rot, grün, Sohn die Rabenkrone auf.Foto: Kuenselonline den tiefen Charakter einer blau und gelb), mit denen sym- buddhistischen Gesellschaft bolisch die Macht des Zhabdrung Der Druk Gyalpo gilt als die Per- in dem Sinne, wie entsprechend auf den neuen König übertragen sonifikation der Schutzgottheit der buddhistischen und hinduis- wird, übergeben. Dies geschah Jaro Dongchhen (siehe unseren tischen Schriften der erste Kö- in Gegenwart des Vierten Druk Artikel im letzen Thunlam), der nig Mangpo’i Kurwa (der erste Gyalpo und des obersten Abtes, höchsten zornvollen Manifestati- indische König) gewählt wurde, Je Khenpo, der die Gebete zur on des Schützers Yeshey Gon- weil er in einer Zeit des Hasses 4 und der Gier als aufrechter neue Demokratie, die erfolgreich lichkeit, Güte, Großzügigkeit, In- Mensch Weisheit und Wissen einen historischen und beispiel- tegrität, Einheit, Respekt unserer bewies. Die Wahl des neuen losen Übergang vollzogen hat. Kultur und Traditionen gegenüber, Königs repräsentiert somit, nach Dennoch müssen wir uns immer die Liebe für unser Land und sei- Vorstellung von Kinley Dorji, erinnern, dass unser Land in nen Gottheiten. Unsere ganze dem Chefredakteur von Bhutans diese Zeit des Wechsels immen- Geschichte hindurch haben unse- nationaler Zeitung Kuensel, den sen neuen Herausforderungen re Eltern diese Werte hochgehal- Wunsch des Volkes nach einer aber auch Chancen ausgesetzt ten und haben das Allgemeinwohl zurückhaltenden Autorität ge- ist. Was immer wir auch tun mö- immer vor das eigene Wohl ge- genüber ungezügeltem mensch- gen und welche Ziele wir auch stellt. lichen Verhalten, der die Werte immer haben, ganz gleich wie Meine tiefste Besorgnis gilt dem des Bruttosozialglücks reflek- sich diese in einer immer wech- Verlust an Werten auf dem unsere tiert. Es sei ein Versuch, das selnden Welt auch verändern Eigenschaften als Nation und Volk volle Potential einer buddhisti- mögen, am Ende werden wir fußen. Es ist entscheidend, dass schen Gesellschaft bzw. die voll- ohne Frieden, Sicherheit und wir das bhutanische Wesen im- ständige Glückseligkeit der Er- Glück nichts erreicht haben. Das mer ausmachen können, egal wie leuchtung zu realisieren. Brutto- ist die Essenz des Bruttosozial- weit wir in die Vergangenheit oder sozialglück, schreibt Dorji, ent- glücks. Unser wichtigstes Ziel ist Zukunft schauen. Das Bhutan, stammt der buddhistischen Ideo- dass wir erfahren, ist überaus ver- logie, woraus der Zweck schieden, wenn nicht gar uner- menschlichen Lebens besteht. kennbar, wenn wir es mit dem Dem König gebühre es, die Leh- Bhutan vergleichen, das zur Zeit ren des Dharma in soziale Ethik des Ersten Königs existiert hat. zu wandeln. Die Krönung des Dennoch haben sich der Charak- Königs sei weit mehr, als eine ter unseres Volkes und die Natur Zeremonie. Sie sei eine einmali- unserer Grundwerte nicht verän- ge bhutanische Erfahrung. Und dert. ein Segen. In Zukunft, wenn sich sogar dra- matischere Veränderungen in der Die Antrittsrede Seiner Majes- Welt und für unsere Nation auftun tät, des Fünften Druk Gyalpo mögen, können wir versichert sein, dass, solange wir fortfahren, „Mit großer Freude haben wir das einfache und zeitlose Ziel, ein uns hier an diesem äußerst guter Mensch zu sein und wir uns glückverheißenden Tag einge- um eine Nation
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