OCLC writing and usage guide

Updated May 2016

Contents

Introduction and acknowledgments ...... 2 OCLC writing style ...... 3 Word choices ...... 8 Numbers ...... 13 Punctuation guidelines ...... 16 Vertical lists ...... 22 Writing for the web ...... 23 English localization ...... 25 Using trademarked words ...... 27 Resources ...... 30 Appendix A: OCLC product and service names ...... 31 Appendix B: Print codes and regionalizations...... 44

1 Introduction and acknowledgments

This guide is a living document that provides a record of accepted and recommended practices that inform the technical writing style for OCLC’s external communications. This guide covers the recommended writing style for both print and electronic messages for all OCLC communications, including marketing, research reports and documentation. The practices and conventions recommended in this guide are specific to OCLC but are derived at least in part from highly regarded sources that include The Chicago Manual of Style and Associated Press (AP) Stylebook. The OCLC Library holds print editions of each of these guides and offers electronic access to The Chicago Manual of Style. Although this guide was developed primarily for a US audience, other regions may find parts of it valuable, especially the list of OCLC product and service names (Appendix A: OCLC product and service names), the guidelines for using trademarked words and the localization guidelines. Please note that trademark symbols are not used in the examples that follow because this document is for internal use only. Significant portions of this guide are derived from the OCLC Style Guide originally authored by Judy Barnes, OCLC Service Division, primarily for use in OCLC documentation and support applications. This version, which is an update to the version released in May 2015, was prepared by Jennifer Smither with significant input from Brad Gauder and additional reviews by Amanda Brennen, Terry Butterworth, Mark Cooke, Jane Dishong, Sara Finch, Lauren Gallina, Andy Havens, Erin Hood, Jenny Johnson, Kem Lang, Bob Murphy, Merrilee Proffitt, Erin Schadt, Noelle Sicuro, Tom Storey, David Valentine-Elam and ME Woods. The current editable version of this guide resides on the marketing shared drive, under N:\prm4\214786 OCLC writing and usage guide. The next update to this guide is planned for April 2017.

2 OCLC writing style Acronyms

Acronyms are acceptable as long as they are defined on first use. One obvious exception to this rule is “OCLC,” which should not be defined in most cases. Acronyms may be used in headings for brevity, but should be defined as soon as possible in the body copy. In general, do not use periods between the letters of an acronym. One exception is authors who prefer their initials when listed in a bibliography or citation. Press releases refer to the AP Stylebook, which calls for periods in “U.S.,” but most OCLC writing adheres to the rules in The Chicago Manual of Style, which does not include those periods.

A plural of an acronym receives a lowercase “s” without an apostrophe.  Examples: OCLC will present 12 sessions at this year’s American Library Association (ALA) Annual Conference in the US. ALA attracts many Associate University Librarians (AULs). That AUL’s name is Mr. Brown. Bibliographic citations

Refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, Chapter 15, “Documentation II: Author-Date References” for guidance on how to format full citations, shortened in-line references and citations in end notes, footnotes, bibliographies and reference lists. In most cases, OCLC documents should use the author-date reference style, not the notes and bibliography reference style. Capitalization

OCLC follows the basic capitalization rules laid out by third-party style guides of authority. The list below offers some OCLC-specific stylistic differences. In general, most words that are not proper nouns or do not begin a sentence should be lowercase. For more specific information, see The Chicago Manual of Style. Captions and labels In general, use sentence-style capitalization and punctuation for captions and image labels, which is friendlier and easier for the reader to skim. Capitalize the first word and proper names, but leave other words lowercase.  Example: WorldCat holdings by type of library  Example: Columbus Metropolitan Library hosted a member forum. Headings and subheadings Use sentence-style capitalization and punctuation for headings and subheadings. Capitalize the first word of the heading, proper names and the first word of the subheading, but leave other words lowercase.  Example: Your partner to solve cataloging challenges  Example: Do things differently so you have time to do different things.

3 Organizational names Generally, use initial capital letters for all parts of an organizational name except for conjunctions, prepositions and articles (if the article is not the first word). Some commercial organizations have a preferred capitalization style. Likewise, some official university names begin with “The,” and some have specific formats for the names of branch campuses. A best practice is to check the organization’s website and use the recommended capitalization shown there.  Examples: Library of Congress, McGill University, The Ohio State University, EBSCO, WiLS Product names In general, capitalize the first letter of product names, but use lowercase for the names of product features and functionality. See Appendix A: OCLC product and service names for specific instructions. Professional titles For OCLC writing, use initial capital letters for titles whether they precede or follow a name.  Example: Skip Prichard, OCLC President and CEO, spoke at last year’s ALA.  Example: President and CEO Skip Prichard spoke at last year’s ALA.  Example: OCLC’s President and CEO, Skip Prichard, spoke at last year’s ALA. Titles of works See Titles in this section, below. Contractions

Contractions are widely accepted in OCLC material, especially marketing copy, because they are easier for most people to read. They may not be appropriate in every case, depending on the context of the document, the meaning of the sentence and the intended audience.

 Example: You’ll love our new service. Electronic or “e” entities

Unless at the beginning of a sentence or as part of a title, use a lowercase “e-” followed by the named resource.  Examples: e-book, e-content  EXCEPTION: Do not hyphenate “email.” This word is so widely used without a hyphen that most readers are used to seeing it this way.

4 Parallel construction

Use parallel construction for items in a list or in a series. The first word of each item should be the same part of speech (infinitive, noun, participle, gerund, etc.).  Example: The resources include books, e-books and e-journals.  Example: The three steps are: (1) locate the directory, (2) click the file you need and (3) edit text as needed. NOT The three steps are: (1) locating the directory, (2) click the file you need (3) to edit text as needed. Parenthetic expressions

A parenthetic expression is a part of a sentence that can be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence. Depending on its importance to the larger meaning of the sentence and the emphasis it should receive, a parenthetic expression can be set off with parentheses, commas or em dashes (see the Punctuation guidelines section for more information on using parentheses, commas and em dashes).  Example: The Article Exchange Alert (a new feature with this release) indicates the number of items that require attention.  Example: An effective search method, especially for skilled searchers, is to conduct a Boolean search.  Example: All the issues you face—data migration, policy configuration and staff training—are ones we’ve helped many libraries with before. Passive voice

In almost all cases, avoid passive voice. Rephrase the sentence to clearly state who did what. Please note that avoiding passive voice doesn’t mean avoiding the verb “to be”; indeed, any verb can appear in a passive sentence. To determine whether the sentence truly is passive, try adding “by zombies” to the end. If it makes grammatical sense, then it’s passive.

 Example: The lead gen team sent an email to webinar attendees. NOT An email was sent to webinar attendees (by zombies).  Example: The Dublin branch library delivers books to OCLC on Tuesdays and Fridays. NOT The books are delivered to OCLC on Tuesdays and Fridays (by zombies).  Example: She was looking for an open conference room. NOT An open conference room was being looked for (by zombies). Prepositions

There is no rule against ending sentences with prepositions. In fact, in some instances, this actually makes the sentence much more readable.

 Example: This is the book I was telling you about. Consider, however, avoiding sentences that begin with a preposition. Sentences that do not begin with a preposition are often stronger and more easily understood.

5 The Chicago Manual of Style includes a helpful list of words that commonly require prepositions to help you determine which preposition is correct (section 5.191, “List of words and the prepositions construed with them”). The following examples include phrases common to OCLC writing.  Example: Click the “Save” button. NOT Click on the “Save” button.  Example: Find more information for public libraries under the “Public” tab.  Example: Please call Jenny at extension 5312. Split infinitives

There is no rule against splitting infinitives.

 Example: CONTENTdm enables you to easily organize your digitized collections. Subject-verb agreement

As a rule, use singular verbs with singular subjects. Use plural verbs with plural subjects. Ignore words that intervene between the subject and verb to apply this rule.  Example: WorldShare Interlibrary Loan enables library staff to…  Example: OCLC’s new services, including WorldShare Interlibrary Loan, enable library staff to… See the Word choices section about WorldShare for guidance on plural product names. Compound subjects When two subjects are joined by “and,” use a plural verb to refer to both subjects.

 Example: The library’s Director and Community Coordinator plan to participate in Health Happens in Libraries next September.  EXCEPTION: Use a singular verb with some compound subjects—often clichés—that are widely used as a unit. Example: The long and short of it is that OCLC will continue to develop the WorldCat Discovery strategy over time. However, if the two subjects are joined by a phrase, such as “as well as” or “along with,” use a singular verb. These phrases imply that the second subject is more of an afterthought, so it does not affect the verb for the first subject.

 Example: EZproxy—as well as CONTENTdm—was updated last month. Indefinite pronouns Most of the time, when an indefinite pronoun—such as “any,” “each,” “either,” “everyone,” “none” or “some”—is the subject of a sentence, it receives a singular verb. Sometimes, however, the indefinite pronoun carries a plural sense and should receive a plural noun. For a more complete list and examples, see The Chicago Manual of Style, section 5.64, on indefinite pronouns.

 Example: Everyone loves the library! BUT Some love the library.

6 Technical terms (jargon)

Avoid technical terms whenever possible, because they can make your communications harder to understand. When unavoidable, use technical terms sparingly and explain them briefly in layperson terms. Titles

Titles and subtitles (as well as headings) of published works should use sentence-style capitalization, similar to captions and headings, as this makes the document feel friendlier to readers and makes the titles and subtitles easier to skim. One exception to this is OCLC product documentation, which should maintain title case for all titles and headings. See The Chicago Manual of Style, section 8.157, for specific guidelines on title case capitalization. Write the titles of books, reports and periodicals in italics; enclose the titles of articles, chapters, blog posts and other shorter works in quotation marks. For additional types of work, see The Chicago Manual of Style, section 8.161. (Editor’s note: The italics used elsewhere for examples have been removed from the below examples to clarify the proper use of italics.)  Example: I found “Save the time of the reader,” the first chapter of Reordering Ranganathan: Shifting user behaviors, shifting priorities, to be the most helpful.  Example: According to WorldCat.org, The Ohio State University library holds The Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reader, which includes “The Yellow Wallpaper.” URLs

See the Writing for the web section on Hyperlinks for guidelines on using URLs and hyperlinks in electronic media. In print media, keep URLs on a single line if possible. If the URL is too long for one line, use the following guidelines for inserting line breaks:

 after a colon (:) or a double slash (//)  before a single slash (/), tilde (~), period (.), comma (,), hyphen (-), underline (_), question mark (?), number sign (#) or percent symbol (%)  before or after an equals sign (=) or an ampersand (&) Formal bibliographic citations should include the full URL. In marketing material, however, it is not necessary to include “http://www.” at the beginning of the URL because browsers will automatically add that text. URLs in printed marketing pieces do not need to be underlined, but often are set in bold font or another color to draw the reader’s attention to them. When possible, create a shortened version of long URLs using the OCLC URL Shortener Service (see Resources). When providing a link to a page on the OCLC public website, link to the regional page specific to the audience or to the worldwide site. Always use punctuation around URLs as if they are normal words in the sentence.

 Example: To learn more, visit oc.lc/econtent.

7 Word choices

Additional guidance on word choices can be found in The Chicago Manual of Style, section 5.220. “A” versus “An”

Use “an” as an indefinite article for words and acronyms that sound like they begin with a vowel. (See The Chicago Manual of Style, section 5.72.)

 Examples: an honor, a MARC record, an HTML document, a historic moment (in the US) Fields in MARC records should be written as if they are pronounced with “zero,” not “oh.”

 Example: a 043 field (“a zero-four-three field”) “Affect” versus “effect”

“Affect” is a verb that usually means “influence,” and “effect” is a noun that usually means “result.” To check which word you want, try replacing it with “influence” or “result.” Or, just remember (in alphabetical order), “You can affect an effect.”  Example: Migrating from WorldCat Local to WorldCat Discovery will not affect your metadata. (Migrating from WorldCat Local to WorldCat Discovery will not influence your metadata.)  Example: The effect of launching WorldCat Discovery for our students was immediate. (The result of launching WorldCat Discovery for our students was immediate.) One tricky common phrase is “to effect change.” In this case, “to effect change” means to cause the change to happen. If you wanted to change the way that a change is happening, then you would “affect change.” “Assure” versus “ensure” versus “insure”

“Assure” is best used to convey removal of doubt. “Ensure” is used to make certain of something or to guarantee an event or condition. “Insure” should be used only to refer to limiting financial liability. Just remember (in alphabetical order), “I assured him that I ensured the car was insured.”  Example: He assured me that my library’s data would be protected.  Example: OCLC ensures that libraries’ data are protected. “Dialogue” versus “dialog”

Even in American English, “dialog” usually refers only to pop-up messages on computer programs. “Dialogue” should be used to refer to an exchange of ideas, usually in a conversation.  Example: The Member Forums provide an opportunity for OCLC staff members to hold a constructive dialogue with librarians.

8 “E.g.” versus “i.e.”

“E.g.” means “for example”; “i.e.” means “that is” or “in other words.” In general, use in parenthetic expressions, and always follow either usage with a comma.  Example: Back-office operations (e.g., acquisitions and cataloging) benefit from WMS.  Example: Situations that may require intervention (i.e., help from a more experienced cataloger) include processing items in non-English languages. “Farther” versus “further”

Use “farther” to refer to physical distances that can be measured. Use “further” to refer to metaphorical distances.  Example: The next library is several miles farther down the road.  Example: WorldCat lets you take your collections further. “Fewer” versus “less”

Always use “fewer” to refer to plural nouns and items that can be counted. Use “less” for singular or mass nouns and more abstract concepts.  Example: With WMS, I spend fewer than 30 minutes a day managing my collection.  Example: With WMS, I spend less time managing my collection. “Google”

According to OCLC’s partnership agreement with Google, Google’s name should not appear in OCLC’s marketing material, including print collateral and the website. Instead, a more generic term, such as “a major search engine,” is preferred. “Google” may be used in presentation slides that refer to the partnership and may be directly referenced in speech. The name may also be used to address specific features, such as WorldCat Discovery’s support of metrics through Google Analytics. “Internet”

Use “internet” with a lowercase first letter. This is a change from guidance given previously, when the internet was newer. “More than” versus “over”

Although many modern style guides state that “more than” and “over” can be used interchangeably when referring to a numerical value, OCLC style prefers to use only “more than” when referring to countable items.

 Example: WorldCat contains more than 370 million records.

9 Avoid using “more than” with a specific number. Instead, just use the specific number or round down.  Example: More than 400 libraries have implemented WMS. NOT More than 412 libraries have implemented WMS. “Logo” versus “icon”

A logo is a symbol that specifically identifies a company or a brand. An icon is a pictorial representation of a concept or item.

 Examples: The OCLC logo includes three rings. Click the e-book icon to learn more. “Set up” versus “setup”

A “setup” is a contrived situation or a way that something is done, and it is always a noun. “Set up” is a verb.

 Examples: This computer setup seems like it was set up just to confuse me. “Sign in” versus “sign on” versus “log in”

Use the phrases “sign in” and “sign out” to indicate what users should do on a website or system. These phrases are preferred over “log in,” log on” and “sign on” or “log out,” “log off” and “sign off” or any other way to state this instruction. Use “sign-in” and “sign-out” as the noun and adjective versions.  Example: Sign in to your account to adjust your preferences.  Example: Access e-resources with a single sign-in. “Toward” versus “towards”

American English uses “toward,” without the “s” on the end. British English uses “towards.” The same format follows for other directional words, such as “upward,” “forward,” “backward” and even “afterward.”

 Example: Please step toward the book cart. “Users” versus “patrons”

Librarians may refer to the people who come to the library as “patrons,” “customers,” “students” or other terms. Unless writing for a specific audience, use the word “users” to refer to people who use the library or library resources.

 Example: The library’s users can manage their own ILL requests. However, the word “patrons” is appropriate for documentation. In this case, use “users” to refer the person using OCLC’s products and services, and use “patron” to refer to the library’s end user, such as a student.

10 “Web”

Always use a lowercase letter for “web.” This is a change from previous guidance, when the World Wide Web was newer. Since “the web” is not frequently used anymore, consider replacing with “online.” “Webscale”

“Webscale,” which is no longer commonly used, refers to OCLC’s cloud-based services and storage, syndication services and network partnerships. Always capitalize “Webscale” and write as one word, regardless of usage; this is an OCLC-specific convention. The only exception is the former “OCLC Web-scale Management Services.” Although this word still appears on the OCLC website on some older webpages and remains in this guide as a reference, there is almost no occasion to use “Webscale” in new writing. “Which” versus “that” versus “who”

Use “that” to specifically identify an object. Use “which” when the object’s identification isn’t essential to understanding but is helpful. Use “who” when identifying a person.  Example: Please hand me the book that’s sitting on the table. (as opposed to the books in other locations)  Example: Our library uses WMS, which enables our acquisitions, circulation and ILL systems to talk to each other.  Example: Go ask the librarian, who is standing by the window, where this book is. “Who” versus “whom”

“Who” is used as a subject or predicate nominative. “Whom” is used as the object of a verb or as a preposition. If in doubt, try rewording the sentence and asking it as a question; choose “who” if the question can be answered with “he,” but choose “whom” if the question can be answered with “him” (note the final “m” on both “him” and “whom”).  Example: Who should I say is calling? (He is calling.)  Example: I’ll be happy with whomever you choose. (Whom will you choose? Him.) WorldShare

WorldShare provides a complete set of library management applications and services built on an open, cloud-based platform. WorldShare offers integrated management of library workflows and creates efficiencies as libraries share work, data and resources to save money and deliver value to their users. In almost all cases, “WorldShare” must be followed by the rest of a product name. The “WorldShare Platform” refers to an open, cloud-based, behind-the-scenes infrastructure that supports integration of applications from OCLC and other library service providers. The WorldShare Platform provides access to library data and functionality for use with new and existing applications to increase the visibility and use of library collections and services.

11 “WorldShare Management Services” is a plural noun and should receive a plural verb. Other WorldShare services and acronyms are singular nouns. For more examples of how to refer to WorldShare services, see Appendix A: OCLC product and service names.  Example: WorldShare Management Services help libraries save time. WMS allows librarians to focus more on user services.

12 Numbers

The guidance below primarily applies to writing for US readers unless an exception is specifically mentioned for a regional audience. For more specific guidance on country or region-specific preferences, see IBM Forms’ Locale Quick Reference guidelines (see Resources). Dates

Use the format that is conventional for your audience. In general, the Americas use “month date, year” format; EMEA and many other areas use “date month year” format. Above all, keep date formats consistent within the same piece. If writing for a global audience, use the “date month year” format.  Example: January 24, 2016  Example: 24 January 2016 (note no comma) When expressing dates with only numbers, use the international standard “year-month-date.” This format is not preferred in OCLC communication.  Example: 2016-4-9 NOT 4/9/16 (which would mean April 9, 2016, in the US but September 4, 2016, in the UK) Fractions

Use hyphenated words for occasional use of fractions in body copy, especially if a fraction begins a sentence. Numerals are acceptable for tables and short bullet points.

 Example: Two-thirds of the project budget was consumed quickly. Money

For general copy, use this form: $0.25. For more casual or marketing copy, the following form is acceptable: 25 cents.

 Example: Our new copying service saves you as much as 90 cents per copy.

13 Numeral versus word format

Use words for zero to ten and numerals for 11 and higher.

 Example: Of the 13 staff members, seven have MLIS degrees. Use a word for a number that begins a sentence, except when that number is a year (and it may be better to reword the sentence to avoid beginning with a year). Use hyphens in two-digit numbers.  Example: Nine hundred OCLC staff members work at the Dublin, Ohio, headquarters.  Example: 1979 saw the introduction of OCLC’s resource-sharing services. (But consider: OCLC introduced resource-sharing services in 1979.)  Example: Thirty-nine years is a long time to work anywhere. Generally, use words for ordinals. Use a numeral for centuries, unless the number begins a sentence.  Examples: first, second, third, 21st century Spell out casual expressions.

 Example: A thousand times no! Large, rounded numbers may be expressed with a combination of digits and words. Please note, however, that historically “billion” has had different meanings in the US and UK. “Billion” in the US has always meant 1,000,000,000. Although this is often true today in the UK, “billion” used to mean 1,000,000,000,000. If the amount may be misunderstood, use numerals for clarity.  Example: WorldCat contains more than 370 million records with more than 2.4 billion holdings. Percentage

Depending on the context, either a spelled-out word followed by “percent” or a numeral followed by the percent sign (%) is appropriate, and consistency is key. In general, when a percentage begins a sentence, use the spelled-out word, or revise the sentence to move the percentage reference.  Example: More than 95% of librarians who responded to the survey said that WMS is great.  Example: Ninety-five percent of librarians agree that WMS is great. Punctuation with four or more digits

For US material, use commas to separate every three digits in numbers with four or more digits.  Example: More than 72,000 libraries worldwide have used OCLC services.  EXCEPTIONS: Addresses, page numbers and certain other identifying numbers do not include commas.

14 For Canadian material, use a single space to separate every three digits in numbers with four or more digits.

 Example: More than 72 000 libraries worldwide have used OCLC services. Software versions

Use the same convention the software creator/owner uses to write version numbers of software.

 Example: EZproxy 6.0 has backward compatibility to run IPv4 mode. Telephone numbers

In the US, use hyphens between number groupings, and do not use parentheses around the area code. Outside the US, check for local usage of punctuation, which varies from country to country. Use the plus sign (+) to indicate an international telephone code for a country.

 Examples: +1-614-764-6000 (US), +44 114-281 6040 (UK) Time

For US audiences, express time using a colon to separate hours and minutes. Use “am” and “pm” designations in lowercase with no periods. Clarify time zones and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) differences, and separate this from “am/pm” with a comma.

 Example: Join us at 2:00 pm, EDT US (UTC -4), for the webinar.  Example: Join us at 2:00 pm, EST US (UTC -5), for the webinar. For readers outside the US, express time using a 24-hour clock. Local practice may prefer a period instead of a colon. Do not include “am” or “pm,” which are not needed with a 24-hour clock. Clarify the time zone with commas.

 Example: Join us at 14.00, AEDT (UTC +10), for the webinar. See Writing for the web for guidance on indicating time zones on the website, which has built-in style rules that are not ideal for other formats.

15 Punctuation guidelines Apostrophe (‘)

Use to indicate possession.

 Examples: Connexion’s client software, OCLC’s member libraries Use to replace omitted letters or numbers in a contraction.  Example: It’s not always possible to guarantee a match.  Example: Half the team has worked at OCLC since the ’70s. Do not use to indicate possession for pronouns.

 Example: The product is ours. Do not use to form most plurals.

 Example: Flexibility is one of the benefits of using CONTENTdm. Most word-processing programs (e.g., Microsoft Word) will automatically format apostrophes to a “curly” style (‘), which is preferred for print. For online text, however, use straight apostrophes ('). Colon (:)

The text after a colon should amplify what preceded the colon. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it’s a proper noun or the start of a complete sentence. Use only one space after a colon. Use commas and semicolons in a list following a colon as you would in a sentence without a colon.  Example: Start early: Help your kids learn how to use the library.  Example: EZproxy offers two versions: hosted and stand-alone.  Example: There are three considerations: collection size, staffing resources and budget. Comma (,)

Use to separate items in a series. Omit the comma between the last two items (known as the serial comma) unless necessary for clarification; this is an OCLC-specific preference. However, include the serial comma if the list ends with “etc.”  Example: Supported document formats include PDF, TIF and JPG.  Example: WorldCat Discovery links to resources in your library, group and consortial catalogs, and many other information repositories. (for clarity)

16 Use to introduce a sentence with a dependent modifying clause. A dependent modifying clause cannot stand alone as a sentence, usually begins with a preposition and refers to the subject of the sentence.  Example: With more than 370 million records, WorldCat is the world’s most comprehensive bibliographic database. Use with a conjunction to join independent clauses. An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. To join closely related independent clauses, use a conjunction, such as “and,” “but,” “so,” “or” or “yet,” preceded by a comma. Do not use a comma alone.  Example: Libraries using WorldShare Management Services have streamlined workflows, so they have reallocated full-time staff to focus on serving users.  Example: FirstSearch subscriptions are expected to continue with only OCLC’s annual percentage increase, and WorldCat Discovery subscriptions will increase to reflect the value of a premium discovery service. Do not use to join an independent clause and its following dependent clause. If the second clause is not independent (if it lacks a subject), then use a conjunction without a comma.  Example: Libraries using WorldShare Management Services have streamlined workflows and have reallocated full-time staff to focus on serving users. Note: Generally, independent clauses are most effective as separate sentences, especially in marketing and website copy. See also Semicolons (;) in this section. Ellipses (…)

Use ellipses to show that words have been removed from a quotation. Never remove words in a manner that changes the meaning, but only to correct the grammar or context of the quotation. If you remove words from the middle of a sentence, use a space on either side of the ellipses. If you remove words from the end of a sentence, use ellipses immediately after the last word and then use a space and a period (use a non-breaking space to ensure that the ellipses and the period stay on the same line of text). If you remove words from the beginning of a sentence, begin with ellipses and no space, and then capitalize the first word of the new sentence. The examples below show how to use ellipses with the original sentences: “WorldShare Interlibrary Loan has streamlined management of all our requests to and from libraries across the globe through a single system and has resulted in more efficient support for research. In addition, finance processes have been simplified with one invoice or credit each month for all our WorldShare ILL transactions.” (Thomas Girke, Manager of Information Resources, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation)  Example: WorldShare Interlibrary Loan has streamlined management of all our requests … and has resulted in more efficient support for research. In addition, finance processes have been simplified … for all our WorldShare ILL transactions.  Example: WorldShare Interlibrary Loan has streamlined management of all our requests to and from libraries across the globe… . In addition, finance processes have been simplified with one invoice or credit each month for all our WorldShare ILL transactions.

17  Example: WorldShare Interlibrary Loan has streamlined management of all our requests to and from libraries across the globe through a single system and has resulted in more efficient support for research. …Finance processes have been simplified with one invoice or credit each month for all our WorldShare ILL transactions. Em dash (—)

Use to set off a parenthetic expression that you want to draw attention to. Em dashes usually occur in pairs in the middle of a sentence as a break in thought. In most word-processing programs (such as Microsoft Word), an em dash is typed as “word-hyphen-hyphen-word- space”; the program will automatically format this into a long dash with no spaces on either side.  Example: Receive updates on OCLC activity—enhancements, initiatives and announcements—directly through email.  Example: No matter the format—local history archives, newspapers, books, maps, slide libraries or audio/video files—CONTENTdm can handle the storage, management, preservation and delivery of your collection. See also the OCLC writing style section on Parenthetic expressions. En dash (–)

Use to define a range that indicates a sequence, such as a duration of time or page ranges. En dashes are also used in some academic institution names, but be sure to look up the institution’s preference. In most word-processing programs (such as Microsoft Word), an en dash is typed as “word-space-hyphen-space-word-space”; the program will format this into a short dash with spaces on either side.

 Example: Jane Austen (1775 – 1817) is best known for her five most popular novels.  Example: Join us for the webinar on March 30, 2016, 2:00 – 3:00 pm, EDT US (UTC -4).  Example: The main library at the University of Wisconsin – Madison is a busy place. Exclamation point (!)

Exclamation points do not align with the OCLC Brand Guidelines and should not be used in headlines or in body text. Hyphen (-)

Use between two or more words that are combined to form an adjective, especially to prevent ambiguity.  Example: CONTENTdm enables a library to offer high-quality images of items in its special collections.  Example: Libraries can increase usage with demand-driven acquisitions. Do not use between two words to form an adjective if the adjective follows the noun.

 Example: These books are especially high quality.

18 Do not use if the first word of a compound adjective is an adverb ending in “-ly.”

 Example: This program produces automatically generated lists.  Example: Clearly defined requirements help developers understand priorities. Some words may have used a hyphen at one point, but they no longer require them. Check Merriam Webster’s Dictionary for guidance if in doubt (see Resources).

 Examples: email, online, nonfiction, statewide Certain words require a hyphen in their noun form and a space in their verb form. Check Merriam Webster’s Dictionary for guidance if in doubt (see Resources).

 Example: Can you access the sign-in? (noun)  Example: You must sign out of the system before I can sign in. (verb) Only use a hyphen between a prefix and the word it modifies if it is needed for clarity.  Example: prepublication (no hyphen needed)  Example: re-sent (hyphen needed if the meaning is “to send again”) Try to avoid hyphens at the end of a line. Simply move the line break to the beginning of the hyphenated word. Parentheses ( () )

Use to set off a parenthetic expression that is not essential to the sentence and does not require the reader’s extra attention. Parentheses always occur in pairs. They can occur in the middle or at the end of a sentence, or they can encompass a whole sentence. If the text within the parentheses is a complete sentence, put the period within the final parenthesis; if the parentheses enclose a fragment, put the period outside the final parenthesis or at the end of the sentence.  Example: Contact OCLC Support (1-800-848-5800) for help with WorldShare Management Services.  Example: Ms. Smith spoke at ALA Annual 2015 (in San Francisco).  Example: WorldCat Discovery supports usage metrics through Google Analytics. (OCLC added this feature in October 2014.) Use parentheses to set off first-use acronyms that appear immediately after the spelled-out meaning.  Example: WorldShare Management Services (WMS) offer libraries cost and time savings. See also the OCLC writing style section on Parenthetic expressions.

19 Periods (.)

Use to end a complete sentence, even in a headline. Do not use to end a phrase or clause. Pay particular attention to this with introductory titles or phrases. Use only one space after a period. The traditional rule of using two spaces after a period was relevant when using typewriters that gave every letter the same amount of space (so an “i” took up the same amount of space as an “o”). The double spaces between sentences then helped readers mark the end of one sentence and the start of another. However, unless you use a typewritten font that spaces letters out in this manner, only one space is needed. Quotation marks (“)

Always place commas and periods inside quotation marks.  Example: “WorldCat is a great resource,” said Mr. Jones.  Example: Mr. Jones commented, “WorldCat is a great resource.” Place question marks, dashes and exclamation marks inside quotation marks when the punctuation applies to the quoted matter only.  Example: “When did OCLC expand service outside the US?” he asked.  Example: Can you believe he said, “Long live WorldCat!”? Always place semicolons and colons outside quotation marks.  Example: Anticipate questions such as, “When can my library move to WorldCat Discovery?”; “What’s the difference between FirstSearch, WorldCat Local and WorldCat Discovery?” and “How is WorldCat Discovery better?” Use single quotation marks for a quotation within a quotation or a within a headline.  Example: The librarian noted, “My colleague said, ‘Job well done,’ when I asked what she thought about our new service.”  Example: Survey results prove it: ‘We love WorldCat!’ (headline) See the OCLC writing style section on Titles for guidelines on how to use quotation marks around titles of works. When a quotation runs for two or more lengthy paragraphs, use double quotation marks at the beginning of each paragraph but at the end of only the closing paragraph. Most word-processing programs (e.g., Microsoft Word) will automatically format quotation marks to a “curly” style, which is preferred for print (“). For online text, however, use straight quotation marks (").

20 Semicolons (;)

Use (sparingly) to separate two independent clauses that should be joined more closely than a period would allow. In most cases, especially when readers are likely to encounter the text on a screen instead of paper, a period is preferred to separate two complete thoughts.  Example: WorldCat Discovery is easy to learn; next week, we’re hosting a webinar to help you get started. Use to separate items in a list only when those items have internal punctuation. This rule applies even when the list follows a colon.

 Example: OCLC has offices in Dublin, Ohio; San Mateo, California; Leiden, Netherlands; Sheffield, United Kingdom and many other places.  Example: OCLC has offices in the following US states: Ohio, Kansas, California and Washington.

21 Vertical lists

Use unordered bullet lists when the order of the list is unimportant, but the items are too numerous or lengthy to appear within a sentence. Bullet lists are especially good for breaking up larger blocks of text. Use ordered (numbered) lists when the items are steps that must be performed in a specified order, when the items have a priority order or when the items are presented as a finite number. Vertical lists can be introduced by a main clause that ends in a colon or by an incomplete sentence (completed by the list items) with no closing punctuation. Usually, if the words “the following” are in the introduction, then use a colon to introduce the list. Different punctuation and capitalization rules for list items apply depending on how the list is introduced and how the items are structured. Whichever type of introduction is used, try to keep it consistent on a page or spread. Each item in a vertical list should use parallel construction. Items should be approximately the same length and should begin with the same part of speech. List items can consist of single words, sentence fragments or complete sentences as long as they are consistent. (See also the OCLC writing style section on Parallel construction.)

 Example: Once you submit your library questionnaire, OCLC will review and send you the following documents:  ILLiad pre-connectivity test document  migration day instructions  your OCLC-hosted server connection information (Note lack of item punctuation and lowercase letters beginning items.)  Example: You can automatically deflect ILL requests based on  request service type,  group membership,  cost,  material age,  format type and  custom holding group. (Note the lack of a colon to introduce the list, the lowercase letters beginning each item and the sentence-style punctuation throughout the list. If any of these list items included a comma, each item would end with a semicolon.)  Example: Get started today with WorldCat Discovery. 1. Register for your library’s URL at oc.lc/DiscoveryTransition. 2. Review and update your library’s WorldCat registry settings. 3. Configure your WorldCat Discovery. (Note the periods at the end of each complete sentence.)

22 Writing for the web

Writing for the OCLC website specifically, and electronic content in general, requires a few specific guidelines. Above all, online text should be easy to read in content, complexity and font even on a small mobile screen. Headings

Webpage headings should be brief, straightforward and meaningful. Search engines will mine these headings and may display them in search results, so it’s important that searchers understand at a glance what the section is about. Hyperlinks

Don’t type out URLs. Instead, hyperlink the relevant text, which should be no more than a few words. Make hyperlinks from text that describes what the link leads to, instead of non-descriptive text, using the fewest words possible.  Example: For migration information, see the Migration page. NOT For migration information, see http://www.oclc.org/worldcat-discovery/migration.en.html.  Example: Find more information on the Support page. NOT Click here to learn more.  Example: Our commitment to secure library services incorporates many IT security best practices. NOT Our commitment to secure library services incorporates many IT security best practices. Always use relative links to point to resources within CQ. In other words, links from one webpage to another within OCLC’s public website should not contain “http” or “www.” If you have any questions about how to do this, please talk to a member of the webteam. See the OCLC writing style section on URLs for more information about using URLs in print collateral. Icons and symbols in text

Include icons and symbols in text only when the accompanying text explains the icon or symbol. Do not substitute icons or symbols for words because icons can be difficult to see on small screens and cannot be interpreted by technology that assists people who are sight impaired.  Example: Hover your cursor over the “Information” icon ( ) to learn more.  Example: Press the question mark (?) key at any time to access the “Help” screen. Punctuation

While the “curly” quotation mark (“) and apostrophe (‘), which are automatically formatted by most word-processing programs, are preferred for print copy, these can be difficult to read on small electronic screens. Instead, use the “straight” quotation mark (") and apostrophe (') in all electronic body copy.

23 Regionalizations and translations

When writing for the web, remember that the text will be translated and regionalized for many other audiences. Keep writing clear and brief, and avoid cultural idioms and potential insensitivities. To make minor text updates on an English-language webpage, be sure to edit only the essential areas, and don’t copy and paste a larger section of text that is mostly unchanged. CQ tracks all changes that have been made so that it can send new text for translation once the page is rolled out to the regions. When a large area of text appears to be new, this entire area is translated, rather than the specific portions that changed, which wastes time and money. Occasionally, online translation tools, such as Google Translate, can be used to make updates to common words in translated text, such as months or days of the week. When using these tools, be sure to enter contextual clues to avoid getting a translation for a homonym. For example, in English, “march” and “may” are both names of months, but they each have other meanings as well. Confirm any translation uncertainties with a language expert. Time

Style rules built into the website require time zones to appear differently than the recommended style for print material. For US-based events, use a capital “AM” or “PM, spell out the time zone, and include the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) equivalent in parentheses.  Example: Join us at 2:00 PM Eastern Daylight Time, North America (UTC -4).  Example: Join us at 14.00, Eastern Daylight Time, Australia (UTC +10), for the webinar.

See Numbers for an explanation of time in non-website formats. Trademarks

On the website, the trademark symbol should appear with the first and largest reference of the trademarked word on each page (unique URL) to make the symbols easier to read on small screens. One exception is “OCLC,” which does not need a trademark symbol in any body text or headings on the website because it is already visible in the banner on each page. Once a trademark symbol for a particular product or service is used on a webpage, it does not need to be repeated for the remainder of that page. Do not include trademark symbols within hyperlinks. This may mean that a product or service that is only mentioned once on a webpage goes without a trademark symbol. This is permitted because the linked webpage should include the needed trademark symbol.

24 English localization

In all marketing writing, avoid regional idioms and puns that do not cleanly translate to other languages and cultures. Work with OCLC regional offices to understand various audiences, to be aware of and to avoid any culturally insensitive language and to understand what images and text may seem too specific to one region. (Jane Dishong manages translations from English for regional offices and is a good resource for this information.) See the Writing for the web section on Regionalizations and translations for more information about translating content from English. American and British English follow different spelling conventions that are not reliably caught with automatic spell checkers. The list below includes commonly used words at OCLC that vary in spelling. Cambridge Dictionaries Online (see Resources) is a reliable source to look up other spelling differences.

American British American British

afterward afterwards flier flyer

canceled cancelled fulfill fulfil

catalog catalogue fulfillment fulfilment

cataloger cataloguer maximize maximise

cataloging cataloguing organization organisation

center centre personalized personalised

color colour program programme

customization customisation traveler traveller

Generally, beware of the following letter combinations.

 American English words that end in “-og” often end in “-ogue” in British English.  American English words that end in “-or” often end in “-our” in British English.  American English words that contain a “z” often use an “s” in British English. See the Numbers section for regional differences in how numbers should appear.

25 “License” versus “licence”

In American English, always use “license.” In British English, use “license” as a verb, use “licensed” as an adjective, but use “licence” as a noun.  Example: Now that I have my license, I’m licensed to drive a car. (American) OR Now that I have my licence, I’m licensed to drive a car. (British)  EXCEPTION: Maintain the American spelling in the official product name for WorldShare License Manager.

26 Using trademarked words

When referencing OCLC products and services, it is very important to credit OCLC appropriately to help OCLC protect its trademarks. Appendix A: OCLC product and service names contains a comprehensive list of OCLC trademarks, other service names that require a specific format and the correct way to reference each of OCLC’s services. All publically accessible or formal communications from OCLC should adhere to these trademark guidelines. Specifically, marketing collateral pieces (whether in print or online), webpages, product documentation and reports should use the appropriate trademark symbols. Blog posts do not require trademark symbols because they are more casual, and there’s a link to the trademark list in the footer of each page. Email communications do not require trademark symbols because they are a direct communication from OCLC to a specific person. However, if the email content is reused on a webpage or other public format, the trademark symbols should be added. The first appearance of each product or service name in a document or on a webpage (primary reference) should consist of the full product or service name with the relevant trademark symbol (®, TM or SM), if needed. The second reference to the product or service within the same document or webpage (secondary reference) may drop the symbol and, in some cases, may be shortened or abbreviated. Names should not be shortened beyond the secondary reference format. Avoid using trademark symbols in a direct quote from a member, even if it is the first and largest reference on the webpage or print document.  Example: Dewey Decimal Classification® (DDC) system (first use), the DDC (second use) Trademark symbol

Many OCLC product names as well as some branding language requires the appropriate trademark symbol (®, TM or SM) on first use. See Appendix A: OCLC product and service names for guidance on which symbol to use. The trademark symbols should appear in the same font style, size and color as the word by which they appear. All necessary punctuation should follow the symbol. Microsoft Word and other word-processing programs often automatically format trademark symbols, so it is not necessary to manually set the superscript. In Adobe CQ and InDesign, use the superscript button for correct symbol format. If several products use the same trademarked word in their names, the word only needs to include the trademark symbol on the first use. The products should all otherwise adhere to primary reference guidelines. If the logo for the product, which includes a trademark symbol, is included on the document or webpage, the trademark symbol should not be repeated in the body text.  Example: WorldShare® Management Services includes WorldShare Interlibrary Loan, WorldShare Collection Manager and WorldCat® Discovery.

27 Symbol placement in print In print material, headlines may use secondary forms of product names without trademark symbols. The first use here refers to the first use in the regular body text of the document. For guidance on using trademark symbols on the website, please see the Writing for the web section on Trademarks. Copyright language

Each print piece that uses an OCLC trademark must include a copyright notice at the bottom of the last page.

© [YEAR] OCLC, Inc. All rights reserved. The following OCLC product, service and business names are trademarks or service marks of OCLC, Inc.: [alphabetical list of all OCLC marks appearing in the document, including “OCLC”] and “Because what is known must be shared.” The WorldCat symbol and OCLC symbol are service marks of OCLC. Third-party product and service names are trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. OCLC grants permission to photocopy this publication as needed. ILLiad The “ILLiad” trademark is owned by Atlas Systems, Inc., not by OCLC. On every document or webpage that mentions ILLiad, the following notice should appear. This sentence can be added to the standard OCLC copyright statement that appears at the bottom of the last page in print collateral.

ILLiad is a trademark/service mark of Atlas Systems, Inc. and is used by OCLC pursuant to agreement with Atlas Systems. Dewey Webpages and documents that focus on the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system should include the disclaimer below. Webpages and documents that only mention or provide a reference to other DDC pages do not require this text.

All copyright rights in the Dewey Decimal Classification system are owned by OCLC. Dewey, Dewey Decimal Classification, DDC, OCLC and WebDewey are registered trademarks of OCLC. International considerations In most countries, OCLC’s trademarks are valid following the considerations laid out in this guide. The table in Appendix A: OCLC product and service names indicates the country or countries of registration for each trademarked word. A trademark registered in one country within the European Union is valid for all countries in the European Union. In Germany, however, using the registered trademark symbol implies a European Union copyright. When referencing a trademarked word that is not registered anywhere in the European Union on print material that is intended for Germany, the phrase “registered in the United States [or other relevant country]” must appear in the copyright statement at the bottom of the last page. The text below includes this phrase.

28 © [YEAR] OCLC, Inc. All rights reserved. The following OCLC product, service and business names are trademarks or service marks of OCLC, Inc. registered in the United States: [alphabetical list of all OCLC marks appearing in the document, including “OCLC”] and “Because what is known must be shared.” The WorldCat symbol and OCLC symbol are service marks of OCLC. Third-party product and service names are trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. OCLC grants permission to photocopy this publication as needed. Translations

Appendix A: OCLC product and service names includes a list of all of OCLC’s registered trademarks in the first column of the chart. These trademarks apply to the actual letter combination, so translated versions are not trademarked. When translating a document or webpage, the first mention of a trademarked product or service must maintain the trademarked version of the name with the correct trademark symbol. A translated name may follow in parentheses, and this translation may be used for the remainder of the document or webpage.

 Example: Dewey® (杜威)

29 Resources Additional grammar and style guidance

 Associated Press Stylebook Online. https://www.apstylebook.com/ or Associated Press Stylebook 2015 (50th edition). http://oclclibrary.worldcat.org/oclc/893454954.  The Chicago Manual of Style Online. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html (Sign-in: oclcaccess, password: chicago) or The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition. https://oclclibrary.worldcat.org/oclc/495102182.  See also the reference sources available through the OCLC Library: https://insideoclc.sharepoint.com/sites/library/Pages/eResources.aspx. Email [email protected] for additional research assistance. Word usage and spelling

 Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary Online. http://www.merriam-webster.com/.  OCLC Glossary. https://insideoclc.sharepoint.com/Documents/oclc_glossary_0514.pdf. English spelling localizations  Cambridge Dictionaries Online. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/. Number localizations

 IBM Forms, Locale Quick Reference. http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter /SSS28S_3.0.0/com.ibm.help.forms.doc/locale_spec/i_xfdl_r_locale_quick _reference.html.  Timeanddate.com, Time Zone Abbreviations—Worldwide List. http://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/. Shortened URLs

 The OCLC URL Shortener Service. http://experimental.worldcat.org/lib/oc.lc/-/public/home (Your browser will redirect here if you simply type “oc.lc” in the address bar. Sign in with your WorldCat username and password to create and track custom URLs.) Collateral

 Collateral Inventory. https://insideoclc.sharepoint.com/sites/marketing/BCS/Lists /Collateral%20Inventory/Current%20inventory.aspx.  Public website. http://www.oclc.org/services/brochures.en.html.  US Sales portal. https://insideoclc.sharepoint.com/sites/sales/Pages/sales-home.aspx.

30 Appendix A: OCLC product and service names

Be sure to reference Using trademarked words for information on how to use the trademarks and product and service names below. Please note that the lists below include only products and services owned by OCLC (with the exception of ILLiad). When referencing another company or its product or service, be sure to check the company’s website for trademark and branding guidance. List of frequently used trademarks

The list below describes OCLC’s most frequently used registered trademarks. Trademarked words that a less commonly used are listed in the next table, List of rarely used trademarks. Please note that “WorldCat.org” is not a registered trademark, but it should receive the trademark (™) symbol, as indicated on the List of other common services. Official trademark Primary reference Secondary reference Countries of registration Note

AMLIB Amlib® library management Amlib USA, Australia Registered for system OCLC (UK) Limited

ARCHIVEGRID ArchiveGrid® service ArchiveGrid USA

ARTICLEFIRST ArticleFirst® database ArticleFirst USA

BECAUSE WHAT Because what is known Because what is known USA IS KNOWN MUST must be shared.® must be shared. BE SHARED

CAMIO CAMIO® database CAMIO USA

CATEXPRESS CatExpress® service CatExpress USA

CITEME CiteMe® application CiteMe app European Community, International Registration, USA

31 Official trademark Primary reference Secondary reference Countries of registration Note CONNEXION Connexion® Connexion China, European Community, Also International Registration, "Connecxion" is ® Connexion browser Connexion browser USA registered in China Connexion® client Connexion client

CONTENTDM CONTENTdm® software CONTENTdm Canada, China, European Community, International CONTENTdm® Hosting Hosting Services Registration, USA Services

CONTENTdm® "quick start" CONTENTdm "quick start"

DDC DDC® services the DDC European Community, See Using International Registration, trademarked USA words for essential disclaimer language.

DEWEY Dewey® services Dewey Australia, Canada, China, See Using European Community, trademarked France, Hong Kong, India, words for International Registration, essential Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, disclaimer New Zealand, Norway, Spain, language. Thailand, United Kingdom, USA

32 Official trademark Primary reference Secondary reference Countries of registration Note

DEWEY DECIMAL Dewey Decimal Dewey Decimal China, European Community, See Using CLASSIFICATION Classification® (DDC) Classification or the DDC International Registration, trademarked system USA words for essential disclaimer language.

EZPROXY EZproxy® access and EZproxy USA authentication software

EZproxy® hosted service EZproxy hosted

EZproxy® stand-alone EZproxy stand-alone service

FIRSTSEARCH FirstSearch® service FirstSearch Australia, Benelux, China, Denmark, European Community, France, Germany, International Registration, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Taiwan, United Kingdom, USA

GO NEXT GoNext® GoNext Benelux Registered for OCLC B.V.

GGC GGC® GGC Benelux Registered for OCLC B.V.

GREENGLASS GreenGlass® GreenGlass USA

33 Official trademark Primary reference Secondary reference Countries of registration Note

NCC NCC® NCC Benelux Registered for OCLC B.V.

OCLC OCLC® OCLC Australia, Benelux, Canada, China, Denmark, European Community, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, USA

OLIB OLIB® library management OLIB European Community, USA system

PAPERSFIRST PapersFirst® database PapersFirst database USA

PICARTA PiCarta® service PiCarta Netherlands Registered by UK legal team

PROCEEDINGSFI ProceedingsFirst® database ProceedingsFirst USA RST

QUESTIONPOINT QuestionPoint® reference QuestionPoint Canada, China, European Also registered management service Community, USA in China with Chinese ® QuestionPoint 24/7 24/7 Reference characters Reference Cooperative Cooperative

QuestionPoint® Qwidget Qwidget chat feature

34 Official trademark Primary reference Secondary reference Countries of registration Note

School Wise schoolWise® schoolWise Benelux Registered by Huijsmans en Kuijpers Automatisering B.V. (Netherlands) ("HKA")

Sustainable Sustainable Collection Sustainable Collection USA Collection Services® (SCS) Services or SCS Services

TouchPoint TouchPoint® discovery TouchPoint European Community service

UNITYUK UnityUK® resource-sharing UnityUK United Kingdom Registered by service UK legal team

VDX VDX® resource-sharing VDX Australia, USA management system

VIAF VIAF® (Virtual International VIAF European Community, USA Authority File) service

35 Official trademark Primary reference Secondary reference Countries of registration Note

WEBDEWEY WebDewey® service WebDewey China, European Community, See Using International Registration, trademarked USA words for essential disclaimer language.Also registered in China with Chinese characters.

WEBJUNCTION WebJunction® community WebJunction European Community, Also registered International Registration, in China with USA Chinese characters

36 Official trademark Primary reference Secondary reference Countries of registration Note WORLDCAT WorldCat® database WorldCat Australia, Canada, China, European Community, ® WorldCat Cataloging Cataloging Partners International Registration, Partners service Japan, South Africa, Taiwan, WorldCat® Digital Collection Digital Collection Gateway USA Gateway

WorldCat® Discovery WorldCat Discovery

WorldCat® knowledge base WorldCat knowledge base

WorldCat® Local service WorldCat Local

WorldCat® Metadata API WorldCat Metadata API

WorldCat® registry the registry

WorldCat® Search API WorldCat Search API

WorldCat® Selection service WorldCat Selection

WORLDCAT WorldCat Navigator® Navigator Australia, Canada, China, NAVIGATOR service European Community, International Registration, Mexico, USA

37

Official trademark Primary reference Secondary reference Countries of registration Note WORLDSHARE WorldShare® Acquisitions Acquisitions Australia, Canada, China, European Community, ® WorldShare Circulation Circulation International Registration, WorldShare® Collection Collection Evaluation USA Evaluation

WorldShare® Collection Collection Manager Manager

WorldShare® e-Services e-Services package

WorldShare® Interlibrary WorldShare ILL Loan service

WorldShare® License License Manager Manager

WorldShare® Management WorldShare Management Services (WMS) Services or WMS

WorldShare® Metadata WorldShare Metadata Services

WorldShare® Platform WorldShare Platform

WorldShare® Record Record Manager Manager

38

List of rarely used trademarks

The list below includes trademarks that OCLC continues to hold for products and services that are no longer referenced in external communications, often because the product is no longer supported. The list is included here in an effort to serve as a comprehensive reference. Official trademark Primary reference Countries of registration Note

BASISPLUS BASISplus® United Kingdom, Taiwan

DATA DRIVEN data-driven deselection® USA DESELECTION

DU WEI Du Wei® China

E (not applicable) Australia, Canada Largely as a design element

EUREKA Eureka® USA

FIND IN A LIBRARY Find in a Library® service International Registration, Also registered in China with USA Chinese characters

GEEK THE LIBRARY Geek the Library® community USA awareness campaign

GET YOUR GEEK ON Get Your Geek On® USA

39

Official trademark Primary reference Countries of registration Note

LIBRARY SPOTLIGHT Library Spotlight® USA As well as the design element

NETLIBRARY NetLibrary® European Community

OCLC FIND OCLC Find® search engine European Community

OCLC GO NEXT OCLC GoNext® Benelux Registered for OCLC B.V.

OCLC Library OCLC Library Spotlight® program USA Spotlight

OCLC PICA OCLC PICA® European Community, Registered for OCLC B.V. Australia, Switzerland, USA, Benelux OCLC SITESEARCH OCLC SiteSearch USA

OCLC TOUCHPOINT OCLC TouchPoint® European Community

OCLC WORLDSHARE OCLC WorldShare® USA, Australia, European Community, Canada Pica Publiekwijzer Pica Publiekwijzer® Benelux Registered for OCLC B.V.

PICA Pica® Benelux Registered for OCLC B.V.

SCS Sustainable USA Collection Services Data-driven deselection

40 Official trademark Primary reference Countries of registration Note

THE WORLD'S The world's libraries. Connected.® Australia, Canada, LIBRARIES. European Community, CONNECTED. International Registration, USA

Les bibliothèques du monde, For use in French material for all connectées.™ regions

WHAT DO YOU What Do You Geek?® USA GEEK?

WHISTLE Whistle China

ZPORTAL ZPortal® federated search software

41 List of other common services

Even though not every feature or every service name is trademarked, OCLC still adheres to a certain format when writing them. The below list covers other names and terms that should be written consistently across all content. See Using trademarked words for essential ILLiad disclaimer language.

Primary reference Secondary reference

Accessions List Accessions List

Article Exchange Article Exchange

Batchload service Batchload

Cataloging Label Program Cataloging Label Program

CBS service CBS service

Contract Cataloging Contract Cataloging

Co-operative of Indic Language Library Authorities CILLA (CILLA)

Digital Archive Digital Archive

ILLiad® resource sharing management software ILLiad

Interlibrary Loan Fee Management (IFM) IFM

Local Holdings Maintenance Local Holdings Maintenance

NextSpace NextSpace

OAIster database/service OAIster

OCLC® Cataloging Subscription and Metadata Cataloging Subscription Services

OCLC®-MARC Record Delivery OCLC-MARC Record Delivery

OCLC® Canada Library Technical Services LTS cataloging services or LTS

OCLC® Next the OCLC Next blog or Next

OCLC® Research OCLC Research

42

Primary reference Secondary reference

OCLC® Terminologies Service Terminologies Service

OCLC® Web Harvester Web Harvester

OCLC® Z39.50 Cataloging service Z39.50 Cataloging service

WorldCat.org™ service WorldCat.org xISBN tool xISBN xISSN tool xISSN

43 Appendix B: Print codes and regionalizations

OCLC maintains multiple versions of documents, especially marketing collateral, to accommodate different spelling and language preferences and standard paper sizes. The table below indicates which language and paper size should be used for each region. Each printed piece of collateral (e.g., brochures and fliers) and some other documents contain a six-digit number followed by a three-letter code at the bottom of the last page, known collectively as the PRM number. The six-digit number is identified on the “Tracking Numbers” spreadsheet available on the marketing shared drive at N:\Tracking numbers. The three letters that follow the number are assigned using the guide below. The first two letters identify the region, language, and paper size of the document, and the third letter refers to the type of content.

First two letters Region Language Paper size

AP Asia Pacific American English 8.5” x 11”

AU Australia/New Zealand British English A4

CE Canada American English* 8.5” x 11”

CF Canada Canadian French 8.5” x 11”

DE Germany German A4

EU EMEA (continental) British English A4

FR France French A4

IT Italy Italian A4

LP Latin America Portuguese 8.5” x 11”

LS Latin America Latin American Spanish 8.5” x 11”

NL Netherlands Dutch A4

RO Romania Romanian A4

UK United Kingdom British English A4

US United States American English 8.5” x 11”

WW Worldwide American English 8.5” x 11”

ZC Asia Pacific Simplified Chinese A4 * Canadian English and American English are generally aligned with one notable exception that’s common in OCLC publications: Canada uses the British version of “catalogue” and associated words.

44

Third letter Type of content

B Brochure

D Document

F Flier

M Member story

Following the PRM number at the bottom of each piece is another four-digit code and “OCLC.” The four-digit code refers to the two-digit year and two-digit month of the most recent update. For example, the code “1604” indicates that the piece was updated last in April 2016. These codes should appear on every piece of OCLC collateral.

45