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JENAM-2011 Book of Abstracts JENAM-2011 4{8 July 2011 Saint-Petersburg, Russia Book of abstracts The book contains abstracts of reports which are to be presented during European Week of Astronomy and Space Science (JENAM-2011). The meeting will take place July 4{8, 2011 in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. Scientific Organizing Committee: Iossif Papadakis (Co-chair; U. Crete, Greece) Alexander Stepanov (Co-chair; Pulkovo Obs. Russia) Yuri Balega (Special Astrophys. Obs. Russia) Alexander Boyarchuk (National Astronomical Committee, Russia) Elias Brinks (U. Hertfordshire, UK) Anatol Cherepaschuk (U. Moscow, Russia) Jorgen Christensen-Dalsgaard (U. Aarhus, Denmark) Andrey Finkelstein (Inst. Appl. Astronomy, Russia) Sergey Grebenev (Space Res. Inst. Russia) Karel van der Hucht (SRON) Nikolai Kardashev (Astronomy Council, Russia) Simon Lilly (Astron. Inst. Zurich, Switzerland) Mikhail Marov (Keldysh Inst. of Applied Mathematics, Russia) Didier Queloz (U. Geneve, Switzerland) Nikolai Samus (Euro-Asian Astron. Soc.) Boris Shustov (Astron. Inst. Moscow, Russia) Rashid Sunyaev (Space Res. Inst. Russia / MPA) Lev Zelenyi (Space Res. Inst. Russia) Local Organizing Committee: Alexander Stepanov (Chair; Pulkovo Obs., Russia) Tatiana Borisevich (Pulkovo Obs., Russia) Valentine Chepurova (Euro-Asian Astron. Soc.) Anne Dutrey (EAS/ LAB, France) Andrey Finkelstein (Inst. Appl. Astronomy, Russia) Yuri Gnedin (Pulkovo Obs., Russia) Andre Mointinho (U. Lisbon, Portugal) Yuri Nagovitsyn (Pulkovo Obs., Russia) Organizers and sponsors: European Astronomical Society (EAS) Euro-Asian Astronomical Society (EAAS) Russian Academy of Sciences Pulkovo Observatory The Committee on Science and Higher Education of Government of Saint-Petersburg Russian Foundation for Basic Research Saint Petersburg Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Applied Astronomy RAS The Federal Program \Scientific and Educational Staff of Innovative Russia" The Dynasty Foundation. Pulkovo observatory is grateful to \CTO group Ltd" for organizational and technical support of the con- ference. ⃝c The Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo, 2011. Plenary talks 4 Plenary talks BepiColombo | a comprehensive exploration of planet Mercury Johannes Benkhoff ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands E-mail: Johannes.Benkhoff@esa.int BepiColombo is a joint project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The Mission consists of two orbiters, the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO). The mission scenario foresees a launch of both spacecraft with an ARIANE V in July 2014 and an arrival at Mercury in the second half of 2020. From their dedicated orbits the two spacecraft will be studying the planet and its environment. The MPO scientific payload comprises eleven instruments/instrument packages; the MMO scientific payload consists of five instruments/instrument packages. Together, the scientific payload of both spacecraft will perform measurements to find clues to the origin and evolution of a planet close to its parent star. The Nominal Science Mission of BepiColombo will cover 1 terrestrial year and be divided into 2 six-month phases, tentatively called the global mapping and target mapping phases. The latest status of the BepiColombo mission will be given with special emphasis on the scientific return of its payload complement. The central role of X-ray observations in the future of European Astrophysics Xavier Barcons Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain E-mail: [email protected] The science goals of Astrophysics for the next decade or two have been spelled out by a number of scientific roadmaps, including the Astronet Science Vision, ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-25, etc. Themes like galaxy evolu- tion, formation of large-scale structure, matter under extreme conditions, call for a very central role of X-ray observations. I will sketch a number of these themes for which an observatory-class X-ray space mission will be necessary to make real progress, including co-eval growth of stars and supermassive black holes in galaxies, structure and evolution of galaxy clusters, finding the missing baryons in the Warm and Hot Intergalactic Medium, chemical abundances in groups and clusters, probing General Relativity around black holes, inferring the Equation of State of matter at supra-nuclear densities via mass and radius of neutron stars, etc. I will also give an update on the ESA-led observatory class mission Athena (Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics), which is under study as a large mission candidate for the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme, with a targeted launch date of around 2022. Accretion disks around black holes with magnetic fields, advection, and jet formation Gennady Bisnovatyi-Kogan Space Research Inst. Rus. Acad. Sci. The problem of the formation of a large-scale magnetic field in the accretion disks around black holes is reconsidered, with account the non-uniform vertical structure of the disk. The high electrical conductivity of the outer layers of the disk prevents the outward diffusion of the magnetic field. The solution for a stationary state with a large magnetic field in the inner parts of the accretion disk, and strong vertical stratification is analyzed. Global solution of advective accretion disk structure around a black hole is constructed numerically. At high luminosity there is a continuous transition between the optically thick outer and optically thin inner disk regions. Models of accretion flows with large mass accretion rates are considered using a bridging formula for radiative losses at high and low effective optical depths. Contrary to the models neglecting advection, the global solutions have been found for all investigated range of accretion rates. The presence of the effectively optically thin regions in the innermost part of accretion disks results in a significant increase of the plasma temperature in those regions and this increase can be discriminated in observations in the form of the observed Plenary talks 5 hard radiation tails. The temperature of the inner region is increasing with a growth of the angular momentum of the black hole, and may reach pair formation conditions for rotating black holes. Models of a magnetic jet collimation are constructed in a simplified approximation. Cosmic Vision 2015-2025: ESAXs long term plan in Space Sciences Jean Clavel ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] ESA's Space Science Programme will be presented, focussing on its long term plan, \Cosmic Vision 2015- 2025". The mission selection process will be presented as well as the current status of the different projects currently under assessment, focussing in particular on the new M3 Mission candidates, EChO, LOFT, STE- QUEST and Marco-Polo-R. The on-going and future technological developments underpinning the plan will be briefly outlined, as well as the programmatic and international context. A century of extragalactic astronomy Suzy Collin-Zahn LUTH, Observatoire de Paris E-mail: [email protected] It was only in 1925, with the first measure of the distance of a \spiral nebula" by Hubble, that one realized that the cosmos was not limited to the Milky Way. At the same epoch, the extraordinary coincidence of the discovery of the Hubble law and of the emergence of General Relativity allowed Cosmology to become a scientific domain, and later Extragalactic Astronomy became a part of Cosmology. Incredible progress has been achieved thanks to the development of giant or dedicated telescopes, new detectors, space research, and more recently thanks to big numerical simulations and large surveys leading to enormous data samples. Our view of the Universe has thus changed drastically over eighty years. I will review some aspects of the subject, focussing on a few cornerstones: how supermassive black holes became ubiquitous, how the world of galaxies was discovered to be always changing, how most of the matter in the Universe was found to be dark and strange and to be accelerating in an unexpected way. My aim will be to show that the ideas people take for granted presently had difficulties to emerge and to gain credence. We will see that research is not \a long quiet river" but evolves in an erratic way, guided by observations and by theories which do not occur always at the \right" time, and that widely accepted models can be rejected at any moment. Gaia: surveying one billion stars with one billion pixels Jos de Bruijne ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Gaia is the next space astrometry mission of the European Space Agency, following up on the success of the Hipparcos mission. With a focal plane containing more than 100 CCD detectors, Gaia will survey the sky and repeatedly observe the brightest 1000 million objects during its 5-year lifetime. Gaia's science data will comprise absolute astrometry, broad-band photometry, and low-resolution spectro-photometry. Medium- resolution spectroscopic data will be obtained for the brightest 150 million sources. Gaia's primary science goal is to unravel the kinematical, dynamical, and chemical structure and evolution of the Milky Way. In addition, Gaia's data will touch many other areas of research, for instance stellar physics, solar-system bodies, fundamental physics, and exo-planets. The Gaia spacecraft is currently in its integration and qualification phase. With a launch foreseen in 2013, the final catalogue is expected in 2021. The science community
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