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Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants As Tracers of Planet Formation
Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants as Tracers of Planet Formation Thesis by Marta Levesque Bryan In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2018 Defended May 1, 2018 ii © 2018 Marta Levesque Bryan ORCID: [0000-0002-6076-5967] All rights reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank Heather Knutson, who I had the great privilege of working with as my thesis advisor. Her encouragement, guidance, and perspective helped me navigate many a challenging problem, and my conversations with her were a consistent source of positivity and learning throughout my time at Caltech. I leave graduate school a better scientist and person for having her as a role model. Heather fostered a wonderfully positive and supportive environment for her students, giving us the space to explore and grow - I could not have asked for a better advisor or research experience. I would also like to thank Konstantin Batygin for enthusiastic and illuminating discussions that always left me more excited to explore the result at hand. Thank you as well to Dimitri Mawet for providing both expertise and contagious optimism for some of my latest direct imaging endeavors. Thank you to the rest of my thesis committee, namely Geoff Blake, Evan Kirby, and Chuck Steidel for their support, helpful conversations, and insightful questions. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to collaborate with Brendan Bowler. His talk at Caltech my second year of graduate school introduced me to an unexpected population of massive wide-separation planetary-mass companions, and lead to a long-running collaboration from which several of my thesis projects were born. -
Physical Parameters of the Multiplanet Systems HD 106315 and GJ 9827*†
The Astronomical Journal, 161:47 (16pp), 2021 January https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abca39 © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Physical Parameters of the Multiplanet Systems HD 106315 and GJ 9827*† Molly R. Kosiarek1,35 , David A. Berardo2 , Ian J. M. Crossfield3, Cesar Laguna1,4 , Caroline Piaulet5 , Joseph M. Akana Murphy1,35 , Steve B. Howell6 , Gregory W. Henry7 , Howard Isaacson8,9 , Benjamin Fulton10 , Lauren M. Weiss11 , Erik A. Petigura12 , Aida Behmard13 , Lea A. Hirsch14 , Johanna Teske15, Jennifer A. Burt16 , Sean M. Mills17 , Ashley Chontos18,35 , Teo Močnik19 , Andrew W. Howard17 , Michael Werner16 , John H. Livingston20 , Jessica Krick21 , Charles Beichman22 , Varoujan Gorjian16 , Laura Kreidberg23,24 , Caroline Morley25 , Jessie L. Christiansen21 , Farisa Y. Morales16 , Nicholas J. Scott6 , Jeffrey D. Crane26 , Sharon Xuesong Wang27,28 , Stephen A. Shectman26, Lee J. Rosenthal17 , Samuel K. Grunblatt29,30 , Ryan A. Rubenzahl17,35 , Paul A. Dalba31,36 , Steven Giacalone32 , Chiara Dane Villanueva1,4, Qingtian Liu1,4, Fei Dai13 , Michelle L. Hill31 , Malena Rice33 , Stephen R. Kane31 , and Andrew W. Mayo32,34 1 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 3 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas, 1082 Malott,1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA 4 Department -
Homogeneous Spectroscopic Parameters for Bright Planet Host Stars from the Northern Hemisphere the Impact on Stellar and Planetary Mass (Research Note)
A&A 576, A94 (2015) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201425227 & c ESO 2015 Astrophysics Homogeneous spectroscopic parameters for bright planet host stars from the northern hemisphere The impact on stellar and planetary mass (Research Note) S. G. Sousa1,2,N.C.Santos1,2, A. Mortier1,3,M.Tsantaki1,2, V. Adibekyan1, E. Delgado Mena1,G.Israelian4,5, B. Rojas-Ayala1,andV.Neves6 1 Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 3 SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK 4 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 5 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidade de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 6 Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Received 27 October 2014 / Accepted 19 February 2015 ABSTRACT Aims. In this work we derive new precise and homogeneous parameters for 37 stars with planets. For this purpose, we analyze high resolution spectra obtained by the NARVAL spectrograph for a sample composed of bright planet host stars in the northern hemisphere. The new parameters are included in the SWEET-Cat online catalogue. Methods. To ensure that the catalogue is homogeneous, we use our standard spectroscopic analysis procedure, ARES+MOOG, to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities. These spectroscopic stellar parameters are then used as input to compute the stellar mass and radius, which are fundamental for the derivation of the planetary mass and radius. -
Extrasolar Planetsplanets
ExtrasolarExtrasolar PlanetsPlanets Gemini Observatory Artwork by Lynette Cook Open issues have to form planets in ~ few Myrs 1) how did the gas disk disperse? 2) how are planetesimals made? Are dust grains suffiently stifky? 3) what makes fhrondrules? 4) How do planetesimals survive follisions? 5) What is Jupiter's role in the fate of other planets? 6) Do giant planets only form outside frost lines? If so, how to explain the extra-solar hot Jupiters? 7).... Build-up: Protoplanetary disks Of the stars near the Sun, ~5% have Jupiter-mass planets. (Fraftion will infrease with longer time span.) Proto-planetary Disks observed around > 50% young stars (< 10 Myrs) mostly detected through infrared emission in excess of the expected near-black-body from the star. some are directly imaged in scattered light (HST) Left-overs: debris disks The inner Solar system is flled with zodiafal dusts (ground-down asteroids & comets) Would not be observable for other stars. Yet, ~10% of stars observed to have dusty debris disks. Older stars have less dust, so likely a transient phenomenon. Also, the dust seen in sfattered and reprofessed light will be blown away 2 d = LIR/L ~ 1 / t quifkly, so it must be replenished for * some time. Some debris disks show “rings” or “edges,” suggesting dynamifal imprints of planets and/or nearby stars? Planet formation in action? HL Tau with ALMA The dusty disk of β Piftoris -- warps, "comets" striking, evaporated metals The dusty disk of β Piftoris -- warps, "comets" striking, evaporated metals ESO press release 42/08 Properties of exoplanets: RV studies show Unexpefted variation! 1) Large range of masses low masses: limited by sensitivity; high masses: real fut-of at ~10 MJ. -
Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
Extrasolar Planets
Extrasolar Planets Open issues have to form planets in ~ few Myrs 1) how did the gas disk disperse? 2) how are planetesimals made? Are dust grains suffiently stifky? 3) what makes fhrondrules? 4) How do planetesimals survive follisions? 5) What is Jupiter's role in the fate of other planets? 6) Do giant planets only form outside frost lines? If so, how to explain the extra-solar hot Jupiters? 7).... Gemini Observatory Artwork by Lynette Cook Build-up: Left-overs: Protoplanetary disks debris disks Of the stars near the Sun, ~5% have Jupiter-mass planets. The inner Solar system is (Fraftion will infrease with longer time span.) flled with zodiafal dusts (ground-down asteroids & comets) Proto-planetary Disks observed around > 50% young stars (< 10 Myrs) Would not be observable for other stars. mostly detected through infrared Yet, ~10% of stars observed emission in excess of the expected to have dusty debris disks. near-black-body Older stars have less dust, from the star. so likely a transient phenomenon. Also, the dust seen in sfattered and some are directly reprofessed light will be blown away 2 d = LIR/L ~ 1 / t imaged in scattered quifkly, so it must be replenished for * light (HST) some time. Some debris disks show “rings” or “edges,” suggesting dynamifal imprints of planets and/or nearby stars? The dusty disk of β Piftoris -- warps, "comets" striking, evaporated metals Planet formation in action? HL Tau with ALMA The dusty disk of β Piftoris -- warps, "comets" striking, evaporated metals Properties of exoplanets: RV studies show Unexpefted variation! 1) Large range of masses low masses: limited by sensitivity; high masses: real fut-of at ~10 MJ. -
The Solar Neighborhood VI: New Southern Stars Identified by Optical
To appear in the April 2002 issue of the Astronomical Journal The Solar Neighborhood VI: New Southern Nearby Stars Identified by Optical Spectroscopy Todd J. Henry1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 Lucianne M. Walkowicz Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 Todd C. Barto1 Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Boulder, CO 80306 and David A. Golimowski Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 ABSTRACT Broadband optical spectra are presented for 34 known and candidate nearby stars in the southern sky. Spectral types are determined using a new method that compares the entire spectrum with spectra of more than 100 standard stars. We estimate distances to 13 candidate nearby stars using our spectra and new or published photometry. Six of these stars are probably within 25 pc, and two are likely to be within the RECONS horizon of 10 pc. arXiv:astro-ph/0112496v1 20 Dec 2001 Subject headings: stars: distances — stars: low mass, brown dwarfs — white dwarfs — surveys 1. Introduction The nearest stars have received renewed scrutiny because of their importance to fundamental astrophysics (e.g., stellar atmospheres, the mass content of the Galaxy) and because of their poten- tial for harboring planetary systems and life (e.g., the NASA Origins and Astrobiology initiatives). 1Visiting Astronomer, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. CTIO is operated by AURA, Inc. under contract to the National Science Foundation. – 2 – The smallest stars, the M dwarfs, account for at least 70% of all stars in the solar neighborhood and make up nearly half of the Galaxy’s total stellar mass (Henry et al. -
Exep Science Plan Appendix (SPA) (This Document)
ExEP Science Plan, Rev A JPL D: 1735632 Release Date: February 15, 2019 Page 1 of 61 Created By: David A. Breda Date Program TDEM System Engineer Exoplanet Exploration Program NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Dr. Nick Siegler Date Program Chief Technologist Exoplanet Exploration Program NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Concurred By: Dr. Gary Blackwood Date Program Manager Exoplanet Exploration Program NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology EXOPDr.LANET Douglas Hudgins E XPLORATION PROGRAMDate Program Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program ScienceScience Plan Mission DirectorateAppendix NASA Headquarters Karl Stapelfeldt, Program Chief Scientist Eric Mamajek, Deputy Program Chief Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program JPL CL#19-0790 JPL Document No: 1735632 ExEP Science Plan, Rev A JPL D: 1735632 Release Date: February 15, 2019 Page 2 of 61 Approved by: Dr. Gary Blackwood Date Program Manager, Exoplanet Exploration Program Office NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Dr. Douglas Hudgins Date Program Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters Created by: Dr. Karl Stapelfeldt Chief Program Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program Office NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Dr. Eric Mamajek Deputy Program Chief Scientist Exoplanet Exploration Program Office NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. © 2018 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Exoplanet Exploration Program JPL CL#19-0790 ExEP Science Plan, Rev A JPL D: 1735632 Release Date: February 15, 2019 Page 3 of 61 Table of Contents 1. -
Abstracts Connecting to the Boston University Network
20th Cambridge Workshop: Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun July 29 - Aug 3, 2018 Boston / Cambridge, USA Abstracts Connecting to the Boston University Network 1. Select network ”BU Guest (unencrypted)” 2. Once connected, open a web browser and try to navigate to a website. You should be redirected to https://safeconnect.bu.edu:9443 for registration. If the page does not automatically redirect, go to bu.edu to be brought to the login page. 3. Enter the login information: Guest Username: CoolStars20 Password: CoolStars20 Click to accept the conditions then log in. ii Foreword Our story starts on January 31, 1980 when a small group of about 50 astronomers came to- gether, organized by Andrea Dupree, to discuss the results from the new high-energy satel- lites IUE and Einstein. Called “Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun,” the meeting empha- sized the solar stellar connection and focused discussion on “several topics … in which the similarity is manifest: the structures of chromospheres and coronae, stellar activity, and the phenomena of mass loss,” according to the preface of the resulting, “Special Report of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.” We could easily have chosen the same topics for this meeting. Over the summer of 1980, the group met again in Bonas, France and then back in Cambridge in 1981. Nearly 40 years on, I am comfortable saying these workshops have evolved to be the premier conference series for cool star research. Cool Stars has been held largely biennially, alternating between North America and Europe. Over that time, the field of stellar astro- physics has been upended several times, first by results from Hubble, then ROSAT, then Keck and other large aperture ground-based adaptive optics telescopes. -
![Arxiv:0808.3207V1 [Astro-Ph] 23 Aug 2008 Nfgr .Nwonsaswr Rtdrcl Icvrdi C in Discovered Directly H first Were and Surroun Stars Variability Area Newborn the of 4](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/5997/arxiv-0808-3207v1-astro-ph-23-aug-2008-nfgr-nwonsaswr-rtdrcl-icvrdi-c-in-discovered-directly-h-rst-were-and-surroun-stars-variability-area-newborn-the-of-4-445997.webp)
Arxiv:0808.3207V1 [Astro-Ph] 23 Aug 2008 Nfgr .Nwonsaswr Rtdrcl Icvrdi C in Discovered Directly H first Were and Surroun Stars Variability Area Newborn the of 4
Handbook of Star Forming Regions Vol. II Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2008 Bo Reipurth, ed. Chamaeleon Kevin L. Luhman Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA Abstract. The dark clouds in the constellation of Chamaeleon have distances of 160-180pc from the Sun and a total mass of ∼5000 M⊙. The three main clouds, Cha I, II, and III, have angular sizes of a few square degrees and maximum extinctions of AV ∼ 5-10. Most of the star formation in these clouds is occurring in Cha I, with the remainder in Cha II. The current census of Cha I contains 237 known members, 33 of which have spectral types indicative of brown dwarfs (>M6). Approximately 50 members of Cha II have been identified, including a few brown dwarfs. When interpreted with the evolutionary models of Chabrier and Baraffe, the H-R diagram for Cha I exhibits a median age of ∼2 Myr, making it coeval with IC 348 and slightly older than Taurus (∼1 Myr). TheIMF ofChaI reachesa maximumat a massof0.1-0.15 M⊙, and thus closely resembles the IMFs in IC 348 and the Orion Nebula Cluster. The disk fraction in Cha I is roughly constant at ∼ 50% from 0.01 to 0.3 M⊙ and increases to ∼ 65% at higher masses. In comparison, IC 348 has a similar disk fraction at low masses but a much lower disk fraction at M ∼> 1 M⊙, indicating that solar-type stars have longer disk lifetimes in Cha I. 1. Introduction The southern constellation of Chamaeleon contains one of the nearest groups of dark clouds to the Sun (d ∼ 160-180 pc). -
Sirius Astronomer
September 2015 Free to members, subscriptions $12 for 12 issues Volume 42, Number 9 Jeff Horne created this image of the crater Copernicus on September 13, 2005 from his observing site in Irvine. September 19 is International Observe The Moon Night, so get out there and have a look at a source of light pollution we really don’t mind! OCA MEETING STAR PARTIES COMING UP The free and open club meeng will The Black Star Canyon site will open on The next session of the Beginners be held September 18 at 7:30 PM in September 5. The Anza site will be open on Class will be held at the Heritage Mu‐ the Irvine Lecture Hall of the Hashing‐ September 12. Members are encouraged to seum of Orange County at 3101 West er Science Center at Chapman Univer‐ check the website calendar for the latest Harvard Street in Santa Ana on Sep‐ sity in Orange. This month, JPL’s Dr. updates on star pares and other events. tember 4. The following class will be Dave Doody will discuss the Grand held October 2. Finale of the historic Cassini mission to Please check the website calendar for the Saturn in 2017! outreach events this month! Volunteers are GOTO SIG: TBA always welcome! Astro‐Imagers SIG: Sept. 8, Oct. 13 NEXT MEETINGS: October 9, Novem‐ Remote Telescopes: TBA You are also reminded to check the web ber 13 Astrophysics SIG: Sept. 11, Oct. 16 site frequently for updates to the calendar Dark Sky Group: TBA of events and other club news. -
Cvetoje- Vic, Anthony Cheetham, Frantz Martinache, Barnaby Norris, Peter Tuthill
Dr Benjamin Pope Lecturer in Astrophysics and DECRA Fellow Advisor: Prof. David Hogg Affiliation: School of Mathematics & Physics University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia and Centre for Astrophysics University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia Homepage: benjaminpope.github.io email: [email protected] orcid: 0000-0003-2595-9114 Education and Previous Positions 2017-2020 NASA Sagan Fellow, New York University Advisor: Prof. David Hogg 2017 Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Sydney Advisor: Prof. Peter Tuthill 2013-2017 Doctor of Philosophy in Astrophysics, University of Oxford Thesis: “Observing Bright Stars and their Planets from the Earth and from Space” Balliol College | Supervisors: Prof. Suzanne Aigrain, Prof. Patrick Roche 2013-14 Master of Science in Astrophysics, University of Sydney Thesis: “Vision and Revision: Wavefront Sensing from the Image Domain” Supervisor: Prof. Peter Tuthill 2012 Bachelor of Science (Advanced) with Honours in Physics, University of Sydney First Class Honours, with the University Medal Thesis: “Dancing in the Dark: Kernel Phase Interferometry of Ultracool Dwarfs” Supervisors: Prof. Peter Tuthill, Dr. Frantz Martinache 2010-2011 Study Abroad at the University of California, Berkeley Research project with Prof. Charles H. Townes, Infrared Spatial Interferometer. Grants ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award (DECRA) AUD $444,075.00 NASA TESS Cycle 3 Guest Investigator USD $50,000 TESS Cycle 2 Guest Investigator USD $50,000 Balliol Balliol Interdisciplinary Institute Research Grant College GBP £3,000 Teaching 2021 Extragalactic Astrophysics & Cosmology, University of Queensland 2019 Master of Data Science Guest Lecturer, NYU Center for Data Science 2017 Bayesian Reasoning Honours Lecturer, University of Sydney 2017 Honours Project Supervisor, University of Sydney Supervised Alison Wong and Matthew Edwards, both to First Class Honours and PhD acceptance.