Extinction, Transoceanic Dispersal, Adaptation and Rediversification
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Cinara Cupressivora W Atson & Voegtlin, 1999 Other Scientific Names: Order and Family: Hemiptera: Aphididae Common Names: Giant Cypress Aphid; Cypress Aphid
O R E ST E ST PE C IE S R O FIL E F P S P November 2007 Cinara cupressivora W atson & Voegtlin, 1999 Other scientific names: Order and Family: Hemiptera: Aphididae Common names: giant cypress aphid; cypress aphid Cinara cupressivora is a significant pest of Cupressaceae species and has caused serious damage to naturally regenerating and planted forests in Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean and the Near East. It is believed to have originated on Cupressus sempervirens from eastern Greece to just south of the Caspian Sea (Watson et al., 1999). This pest has been recognized as a separate species for only a short time (Watson et al., 1999) and much of the information on its biology and ecology has been reported under the name Cinara cupressi. Cypress aphids (Photos: Bugwood.org – W .M . Ciesla, Forest Health M anagement International (left, centre); J.D. W ard, USDA Forest Service (right)) DISTRIBUTION Native: eastern Greece to just south of the Caspian Sea Introduced: Africa: Burundi (1988), Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia (2004), Kenya (1990), Malawi (1986), Mauritius (1999), Morocco, Rwanda (1989), South Africa (1993), Uganda (1989), United Republic of Tanzania (1988), Zambia (1985), Zimbabwe (1989) Europe: France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom Latin America and Caribbean: Chile (2003), Colombia Near East: Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen IDENTIFICATION Giant conifer aphid adults are typically 2-5 mm in length, dark brown in colour with long legs (Ciesla, 2003a). Their bodies are sometimes covered with a powdery wax. They typically occur in colonies of 20-80 adults and nymphs on the branches of host trees (Ciesla, 1991). -
Fire Structures Pine Serotiny at Different Scales
American Journal of Botany 100(12): 2349–2356. 2013. F IRE STRUCTURES PINE SEROTINY AT DIFFERENT SCALES 1 A NA H ERNÁNDEZ-SERRANO 2 , M IGUEL V ERDÚ 2 , S ANTIAGO C. GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ 3 , AND J ULI G. PAUSAS 2,4 2 CIDE-CSIC, Ctra. Nàquera Km. 4.5 (IVIA campus) 46113 Montcada, Valencia, Spain; and 3 CIFOR-INIA, Ctra. A Coruña Km 7.5 28040 Madrid, Spain • Premise of the study: Serotiny (delayed seed release with the consequent accumulation of a canopy seedbank) confers fi tness benefi ts in environments with crown-fi re regimes. Thus, we predicted that serotiny level should be higher in populations recur- rently subjected to crown-fi res than in populations where crown-fi res are rare. In addition, under a high frequency of fi res, space and resources are recurrently available, permitting recruitment around each mother to follow the seed rain shadow. Thus, we also predicted spatial aggregation of serotiny within populations. • Methods: We compared serotiny, considering both the proportion and the age of serotinous cones, in populations living in contrasting fi re regimes for two iconic Mediterranean pine species (Pinus halepensis , P. pinaster ). We framed our results by quantitatively comparing the strength of the fi re–serotiny relationship with previous studies worldwide. • Key results: For the two species, populations living under high crown-fi re recurrence regimes had a higher serotiny level than those populations where the recurrence of crown-fi res was low. For P. halepensis (the species with higher serotiny), popula- tions in high fi re recurrence regimes had higher fi ne-scale spatial aggregation of serotiny than those inhabiting low fi re recur- rence systems. -
Contributions to the Life-History of Tetraclinis Articu- Lata, Masters, with Some Notes on the Phylogeny of the Cupressoideae and Callitroideae
Contributions to the Life-history of Tetraclinis articu- lata, Masters, with some Notes on the Phylogeny of the Cupressoideae and Callitroideae. BY W. T. SAXTON, M.A., F.L.S., Professor of Botany at the Ahmedabad Institute of Science, India. With Plates XLIV-XLVI and nine Figures in the Text. INTRODUCTION. HE Gum Sandarach tree of Morocco and Algeria has been well known T to botanists from very early times. Some account of it is given by Hooker and Ball (20), who speak of the beauty and durability of the wood, and state that they consider the tree to be probably correctly identified with the Bvlov of the Odyssey (v. 60),1 and with the Ovlov and Ovia of Theo- phrastus (' Hist. PI.' v. 3, 7)/ as well as, undoubtedly, with the Citrus wood of the Romans. The largest trees met with by them, growing in an un- cultivated state, were about 30 feet high. The resin, known as sandarach, is stated to be collected by the Moors and exported to Europe, where it is used as a varnish. They quote Shaw (49 a and b) as having described and figured the tree under the name of Thuja articulata, in his ' Travels in Barbary'; this statement, however, is not accurate. In both editions of the work cited the plant is figured and described as ' Cupressus fructu quadri- valvi, foliis Equiseti instar articulatis '. Some interesting particulars of the use of the timber are given by Hansen (19), who also implies that the embryo has from three to six cotyledons. Both Hooker and Ball, and Hansen, followed by almost all others who have studied the plant, speak of it as Callitris qtiadrivalvis. -
Extinction, Transoceanic Dispersal, Adaptation and Rediversification
Turnover of southern cypresses in the post-Gondwanan world: Title extinction, transoceanic dispersal, adaptation and rediversification Crisp, Michael D.; Cook, Lyn G.; Bowman, David M. J. S.; Author(s) Cosgrove, Meredith; Isagi, Yuji; Sakaguchi, Shota Citation The New phytologist (2019), 221(4): 2308-2319 Issue Date 2019-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244041 © 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust; This is an open access article under the terms Right of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Research Turnover of southern cypresses in the post-Gondwanan world: extinction, transoceanic dispersal, adaptation and rediversification Michael D. Crisp1 , Lyn G. Cook2 , David M. J. S. Bowman3 , Meredith Cosgrove1, Yuji Isagi4 and Shota Sakaguchi5 1Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, RN Robertson Building, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton (Canberra), ACT 2601, Australia; 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia; 3School of Natural Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia; 4Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; 5Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Summary Author for correspondence: Cupressaceae subfamily Callitroideae has been an important exemplar for vicariance bio- Michael D. Crisp geography, but its history is more than just disjunctions resulting from continental drift. We Tel: +61 2 6125 2882 combine fossil and molecular data to better assess its extinction and, sometimes, rediversifica- Email: [email protected] tion after past global change. -
Border Rivers Maranoa - Balonne QLD Page 1 of 125 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region Border Rivers Maranoa - Balonne, Queensland
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. -
Influence of Fire Interval and Serotiny on Postfire Lodgepole Pine Density in Yellowstone National Park
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Quinney Natural Resources Research Library, The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography S.J. and Jessie E. 2003 Influence of Fire Interval and Serotiny on Postfire Lodgepole Pine Density in Yellowstone National Park Tania Schoennagel Monica G. Turner William H. Romme Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/barkbeetles Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, Forest Biology Commons, Forest Management Commons, and the Wood Science and Pulp, Paper Technology Commons Recommended Citation Schoennagel, T., Turner, M. and Romme, W. (2003). Influence of fire interval and serotiny on postfire lodgepole pine density in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology, 84(11): 2967—2978. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Quinney Natural Resources Research Library, S.J. and Jessie E. at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ecology, 84(11), 2003, pp. 2967±2978 q 2003 by the Ecological Society of America THE INFLUENCE OF FIRE INTERVAL AND SEROTINY ON POSTFIRE LODGEPOLE PINE DENSITY IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK TANIA SCHOENNAGEL,1,3 MONICA G. TURNER,1 AND WILLIAM H. ROMME2 1Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA 2Department of Forest Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA Abstract. The time interval between stand-replacing ®res can in¯uence patterns of initial post®re succession if the abundance of post®re propagules varies with pre®re stand age. -
Genetic Structure of Tetraclinis Articulata, an Endangered Conifer of the Western Mediterranean Basin
Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 5 article id 1073 Category: research article SILVA FENNICA www.silvafennica.fi ISSN-L 0037-5330 | ISSN 2242-4075 (Online) The Finnish Society of Forest Science The Finnish Forest Research Institute Pedro Sánchez-Gómez1, Juan F. Jiménez1, Juan B. Vera1, Francisco J. Sánchez-Saorín2, Juan F. Martínez2 and Joseph Buhagiar3 Genetic structure of Tetraclinis articulata, an endangered conifer of the western Mediterranean basin Sánchez-Gómez P., Jiménez J. F., Vera J. B., Sánchez-Saorín F. J., Martínez J. F., Buhagiar J. (2013). Genetic structure of Tetraclinis articulata, an endangered conifer of the western Mediter- ranean basin. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 5 article id 1073. 14 p. Highlights • The employment of ISSR molecular markers has shown moderate genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation in Tetraclinis articulata. • Genetic structure of populations seems to be influenced by the anthropogenic use of this species since historical times, or alternatively, by the complex palaeogeographic history of the Mediterranean basin. • Results could be used to propose management policies for conservation of populations. Abstract Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters is a tree distributed throughout the western Mediterranean basin. It is included in the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) red list, and protected by law in several of the countries where it grows. In this study we examined the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 14 populations of T. articulata in its whole geographic range using ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) markers. T. articulata showed moderate genetic diversity at intrapopulation level and high genetic differentiation. The distribution of genetic diversity among populations did not exhibit a linear pattern related to geographic distances, since all analyses (principal coordinate analysis, Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and Bayesian structure analysis) revealed that spanish population grouped with Malta and Tunisia populations. -
Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M. -
The Pine Genome Initiative- Science Plan Review
ProCoGen Training Workshop 2013 Umeå An Undiscovered Country: What Comparative Genomics Tells Us of Gymnosperm Genomes Ujwal R. Bagal, W. Walter Lorenz, Jeffrey F.D. Dean Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources & Institute of Bioinformatics University of Georgia Diverse Form and Life History JGI CSP - Conifer EST Project Transcriptome Assemblies Statistics Pinaceae Reads Contigs* • Pinus taeda 4,074,360 164,506 • Pinus palustris 542,503 44,975 • Pinus lambertiana 1,096,017 85,348 • Picea abies 623,144 36,867 • Cedrus atlantica 408,743 30,197 • Pseudotsuga menziesii 1,216,156 60,504 Other Conifer Families • Wollemia nobilis 471,719 35,814 • Cephalotaxus harringtonia 689,984 40,884 • Sequoia sempervirens 472,601 42,892 • Podocarpus macrophylla 584,579 36,624 • Sciadopitys verticillata 479,239 29,149 • Taxus baccata 398,037 33,142 *Assembled using MIRA http://ancangio.uga.edu/ng-genediscovery/conifer_dbMagic.jnlp Loblolly pine PAL amino acid sequence alignment Analysis Method Sequence Collection PlantTribe, PlantGDB, GenBank, Conifer DBMagic assemblies 25 taxa comprising of 71 sequences Phylogenetic analysis Maximum Likelihood: RAxML (Stamatakis et. al) Bayesian Method: MrBayes (Huelsenbeck, et al.) Tree reconciliation: NOTUNG 2.6 (Chen et al.) Phylogenetic Tree of Vascular Plant PALs Phylogenetic Analysis of Conifer PAL Gene Sequences Conifer-specific branch shown in green Amino Acids Under Relaxed Constraint Maximum Likelihood analysis Nested codon substitution models M0 : constant dN/dS ratio M2a : rate ratio ω1< 1, ω2=1 and ω3>1 M3 : (ω1< ω2< ω3) (M0, M2a, M3, M2a+S1, M2a+S2, M3+S1, M3+S2) Fitmodel version 0.5.3 ( Guindon et al. 2004) S1 : equal switching rates (alpha =beta) S2 : unequal switching rates (alpha ≠ beta) Variable gymnosperm PAL amino acid residues mapped onto a crystal structure for parsley PAL Ancestral polyploidy in seed plants and angiosperms Jiao et al. -
In the Late Cretaceous and Their Increasing Dominance in the Anthropocene
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital Received: 31 May 2018 | Revised: 21 July 2018 | Accepted: 4 August 2018 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4499 REVIEW Insights on the persistence of pines (Pinus species) in the Late Cretaceous and their increasing dominance in the Anthropocene Surendra P. Singh1 | Inderjit2 | Jamuna S. Singh3 | Sudipto Majumdar2 | Jaime Moyano4 | Martin A. Nuñez4 | David M. Richardson5 1Central Himalayan Environment Association (CHEA), Nainital, India Abstract 2Department of Environmental Although gymnosperms were nearly swept away by the rise of the angiosperms in Studies, Centre for Environmental the Late Cretaceous, conifers, and pines (Pinus species) in particular, survived and Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE), University of Delhi, Delhi, India regained their dominance in some habitats. Diversification of pines into fire- avoiding 3Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu (subgenus Haploxylon) and fire- adapted (subgenus Diploxylon) species occurred in re- University, Varanasi, India sponse to abiotic and biotic factors in the Late Cretaceous such as competition with 4Grupo de Ecologia de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET/ emerging angiosperms and changing fire regimes. Adaptations/traits that evolved in Universidad Nacional del Comahue, response to angiosperm- fuelled fire regimes and stressful environments in the Late Bariloche, Argentina Cretaceous were key to pine success and are also contributing to a new “pine rise” in 5Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, some areas in the Anthropocene. Human- mediated activities exert both positive and Matieland, South Africa negative impacts of range size and expansion and invasions of pines. Large- scale af- Correspondence forestation with pines, human- mediated changes to fire regimes, and other ecosys- Inderjit, Department of Environmental tem processes are other contributing factors. -
Tasmania - from the Wet West to the Dry East
This collection is maintained with the assistance of the Tasmania - from the wet west to the dry east. Regional Branch of the Australian Plant Society. Influences on the development of the Tasmanian plant mix Montane moorland and cool oceanic heathland When Gondwana existed as a super Geology of Tasmania Vegetation Map of Tasmania The Tasmanian highland vegetation developed in isolation from the Australian Alps. Even during ice continent, Australia and Tasmania, Africa, ages, hundreds of kilometres of lowland vegetation separated the two high altitude environments. South America, New Zealand and Antarctica shared many plant families and some Montane plants have to cope with wide temperature fluctuations, with periods of below 0°C and Genera. exposure to winds. Cold may be prolonged if the ground freezes. Plants may be blanketed by snow or BASS STRAIT the mountains by cloud. Snowmelt or clear weather can cause intense rays of light, resulting in high For example, the protea family has members temperature. Wind or sun can dry the plant and soil. in all those land masses except Antarctica. The Southern Africa panel covers the protea family more fully. Plants require moisture and warmth. Small hard leaves offer Tasmania was the last land mass to break protection from the drying away from Antarctica. The opening of the effects of sun and wind. Low gap between these land masses allowed the ocean to circulate growth avoids wind. Branches around Antarctica, cooling the earth’s climate and so locking up grow close together to shelter vast quantities of water as ice. the parts of each plant. -
E-Cop18-Prop Draft-Widdringtonia
Original language: English CoP18 Doc. XXX CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Colombo (Sri Lanka), 23 May – 3 June 2019 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES II1 A. Proposal To list the species Widdringtonia whytei in CITES Appendix II without annotation specifying the types of specimens to be included, in order to include all readily recognizable parts and derivatives in accordance with Resolution Conf. 11.21 (Rev. CoP17). On the basis of available trade data and information it is known that the regulation of trade in the species is absolutely necessary to avoid this critically endangered species, with major replantation efforts underway, becoming eligible for inclusion in Appendix I in the very near future. B. Proponent Malawi C. Supporting Statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1. Class: Pinopsida 1.2. Order: Pinales 1.3. Family: Cupressaceae 1.4. Genus and species: Widdringtonia whytei Rendle 1.5. Scientific synonyms: Widdringtonia nodiflora variety whytei (Rendle) Silba 1.6. Common names: Mulanje cedar, Mulanje cedarwood, Mulanje cypress, Mkunguza 2. Overview Widdringtonia whytei or Mulanje cedar, the national tree of Malawi, is a conifer in the cypress family endemic to the upper altitude reaches of the Mount Mulanje massif (1500-2200 a.s.l.). This highly valued, decay- and termite-resistant species is considered to be “critically endangered” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species after years of overexploitation from unsustainable and illegal logging combined with human-induced changes to the fire regime, invasive competing tree species, aphid infestation, and low rates of 1 This document has been submitted by Malawi.