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Milton Steinberg | 192 pages | 31 Dec 1975 | Elsevier Australia | 9780156106986 | English | Marrickville, Australia Basic Judaism – Houston Congregation for

Like that some locusts are kosher and I really have to wonder now which ones. And I had to keep reminding myself when this book was published -- And that until the recent past, in many places, took care of their own legal issues, separate from the court systems of the country they were in. But I could've probably learned those tidbits elsewhere with a less painful slog. Jun 09, Camilla rated it it was ok Shelves: , non-fiction. Dec 28, Joan added it. As a human, it compelled me. As a woman, it left me feeling isolated. View 1 comment. Aug 07, J. Gibbs rated it it was amazing. A book to read and reread. The style is a bit stilted, but well worth reading! The explanations are succinct and reflect the variety of Jewish expression. Aug 05, Madeleine Lesieutre rated it really liked it Shelves: read- summer This is really helpful for someone who knows very little about Judaism. For instance, Steinberg gives the example This is really helpful for someone who knows very little about Judaism. For instance, Steinberg gives the example of food restrictions. Steinberg suggests that the abstinence from certain meat has a hygienic purpose and a humanitarian purpose. This book does a bit to explain the existence of , and a lot to argue the benefits of the beliefs and . Oh, good lord! If you'll pardon the expression. I began it but was immediately put off by the overly formal, overly stilted, overly self-observant use of language. I mean, "The ancient were wont to speak. People don't write like this any more. That's a sound a duck makes. Sounds fruitcake to me. Like many pontifical writers, Milton Steinberg often digs up former centuries' use of the subjunctive mode to make his stuff seem really important: "But if the tradition be not self-validating. Methinks the author has been reading too much scripture. So, no. I did not past Chapter 2. Aug 09, Marcelo Gonzalez rated it it was amazing. This is a mid-year contender for the best book I've read this year 70 so far. The most impressive aspect of this book isn't the accuracy of Milton Steinberg's claims, though no one could dispute their veracity; it is the beauty and reverence of his nearly poetic prose that stands out, a quasi-poetic style unquestionably worthy of the topic at hand. Steinberg delves into the major aspects of Judaism and spends equal time fairly describing the divergence of each without preference to any. I inten This is a mid-year contender for the best book I've read this year 70 so far. I intentionally read to see if I could discover his personal leaning and I was no more sure after finishing than if I had simply guessed upon first hearing his name. Nearly 70 years after it's first publication, this book is no less poignant than the day it was penned. View 2 comments. Sep 22, Jeffrey Rubenstein rated it liked it Shelves: paperback. Informative book about teh Jewish religion, its beliefs, ideals and practices by the 3 major of Judaism - Orthodox, Conservative and Reform. Jun 20, Craig Barner rated it it was amazing Shelves: -and-religion , , judaism. I read "Basic Judaism" as I traveled through , contributing to the enjoyment of my sojourn. As I walked the shores of the Dead Sea and the streets of 's , I found myself meditating on the generations of Jews who lived and propagated a faith and tradition steeped in ancient teachings and who had experiences that no other people has shared. I thoroughly enjoyed "Basic Judaism. He crystalizes I read "Basic Judaism" as I traveled through Israel, contributing to the enjoyment of my sojourn. He crystalizes the core beliefs and practices of Jews in terms of observance, reason, salvation and other issues. I have read the Tanakh, which is also known as the Old Testament, and other books on Jewish faith and experience. From them I had a decent perception of what Judaism represents and teaches. The book has a primer quality, but it is much more than a dry primer. Steinberg is analytical in his presentation but also thorough and loving. People of other would benefit by reading "Basic Judaism" because there are several superb discussions on topics common to all . For instance, "Basic Judaism" has an excellent discussion on and whether it is efficacious. Steinberg criticizes , but there is nothing wrong with that. Christians should encourage well-intentioned criticism as a way to strengthen dialogue with Jews and to develop their own religious observance. Some of Steinberg's criticisms of , however, struck me as superficial. For instance, Steinberg knocks Jesus for His occasional ill temper, such as His cursing of the fig tree in the gospels of Mark and Matthew. Every holy man shows personality traits, including "negative" ones. This criticism by Steinberg struck me as "criticism for the sake of criticism. This provides a fascinating look at disagreements and is an treat. Indeed, "Basic Judaism" as a whole is an intellectual treat. Aug 22, Kelly rated it liked it Shelves: religion , world-religions-reading-project. A neighbor lent this to me after I mentioned my reading project on , and I decided to take a look even though I'd originally intended to read mostly scriptures and foundational writings. This book is interesting, but definitely wouldn't be considered "basic" by today's standards, as it's pretty heavy on philosophy; I appreciated this, but I'm sure not everybody would. Jewish and history are obviously not my forte, but based on my prior knowledge it seems to be a pretty tho A neighbor lent this to me after I mentioned my reading project on world religions, and I decided to take a look even though I'd originally intended to read mostly scriptures and foundational writings. Jewish theology and history are obviously not my forte, but based on my prior knowledge it seems to be a pretty thorough summary of Jewish beliefs and to a somewhat lesser extent practices. However, modern in the s, that is interpretations get much less space than traditional ones. The book also spends a surprising amount of space talking about Judaism's relationship to other religions unsurprisingly, Christianity in particular , which was especially interesting. Steinberg writes well--and occasionally movingly--about his faith, but I think the book is a bit too dry to be widely appealing. Oct 10, Denise Junker rated it really liked it Shelves: religion-judaism. I really liked the summary points of specific beliefs and entities. The theological discussions could at times be tedious but that is what theological writing tends to do. The writing needs to explain something not all will understand. He does use a specific theological language so if a person does not have such a background it could be difficult to read. Even with this being an older book , it still is co I really liked the summary points of specific beliefs and entities. Even with this being an older book , it still is completely useful today. I have other books to read on Judaism that I hope to compare and contrast with this one. Nov 06, Daveed Waithaka rated it really liked it. As a fellow person of Judaism I found this book to be very informative and insightful. It covers basics of what Judaism stands for and the different aspects from different types of Judaism from Orthodox, to reform, conservative, and reconstructionist. Mar 05, Joe rated it it was amazing. Excellent, excellent introduction to Judaism. Explores and explains many aspects of Judaism from a variety of different perspectives. I especially like how the writing itself is so reflective of some of the ideologies of the religion; it's not always cut and dry, but neither are the principles being reflected. Some things are clearly written in proverbial stone, but everything else is left up to you to think about, decide, and experience for yourself. Jan 31, Stefano rated it it was amazing Shelves: judaism. A great overview of Jewish thinking and tradition. This is not a " questions and answers" type book, so don't expect a lot of specific information about practice, tradition, etc. This is really a big- picture book and does a great job of communicating the gist of Judaism, which like any faith, cannot be covered by just one volume. Mar 26, Brock rated it really liked it. Excellent introduction to Jewish cultural and religious thought for non-Jews and even for secular Jews. Is often used as a textbook in a program but is an excellent book outside of that context. Apr 12, Zack rated it it was amazing Shelves: owned-books. Really a fantastic book though not what I expected. I don't know why but I expected something more technical but this was so spiritual and immersive. I'd recommend this to anyone wanting a good window into Jewish spirituality and practice. Excellent overview of Judaism as a religion and the differences and similarities between the traditionalist and modernist POVs. I loved the way Steinberg's voice was so clearly imprinted in his writing style. In this engrossing and extensively researched account, Theodore Taylor examines both sides of the battle, taking a close look at the View Product. Bee-bim Bop! In bouncy rhyming text, a hungry child tells about helping her mother make bee-bim bop: shopping, preparing The Borrowers. The Borrowers—the Clock family: Homily, Pod, and their fourteen-year-old daughter, Arrietty, to be precise—are tiny The Borrowers—the Clock family: Homily, Pod, and their fourteen-year-old daughter, Arrietty, to be precise—are tiny people who live underneath the kitchen floor of an old English country manor. All their minuscule home furnishings, from postage stamp paintings to champagne cork The original CliffsNotes study guides offer expert commentary on major themes, plots, characters, literary devices, The original CliffsNotes study guides offer expert commentary on major themes, plots, characters, literary devices, and historical background. The latest generation of titles in this series also feature glossaries and visual elements that complement the classic, familiar format. In CliffsNotes on Creatures of Will and Temper. Molly Tanzer is at the top Molly Tanzer is at the top of her form in this beautifully constructed novel. For Today I Am a Boy. Good Riddance. Daphne Maritch doesn't quite know what to make of the heavily annotated high school yearbook she inherits from her mother, Greenglass House Greenglass House Series. Judaism - Wikipedia

The community is called upon to express its loyalty to God and the covenant by exhibiting solidarity within its corporate life on every level, including every aspect of human behaviour , from the most public to the most private. Thus, even Jewish is a communal celebration of the meetings with God in history and in nature. Yet the particular existence of the covenant people is thought of not as contradicting but rather as enhancing human solidarity. This people, together with all humanity, is called upon to institute political, economic, and social forms that will affirm divine sovereignty. This task is carried out in the not that humans will succeed in these endeavours solely by their own efforts but that these sought-after human relationships have their source and their goal in God, who assures their actualization. Within the community, each is called upon to realize the covenant in his or her personal intention and behaviour. In considering the basic affirmations of Judaism from this point of view, it is best to allow indigenous formulations rather than systematic statements borrowed from other traditions to govern the presentation. An early statement of basic beliefs and doctrines about God emerged in the liturgy of the some time during the last pre-Christian and first Christian centuries; there is some evidence to suggest that such formulations were not absent from the cult that came to an end in the year 70 ce. At the centre of this liturgical formulation of belief is the concept of divine singularity and uniqueness. In its original setting, it may have served as the theological statement of the reform under Josiah , king of Judah, in the 7th century bce , when worship was centred exclusively in Jerusalem and all other cultic centres were rejected, so that the existence of one shrine only was understood as affirming one deity. The idea acquired further meaning, however. It was understood toward the end of the pre-Christian era to proclaim the unity of divine love and divine justice , as expressed in the divine names YHWH and Elohim, respectively. This affirmation was developed in philosophical and mystical terms by both medieval and modern thinkers. This creed also addresses the ever-present problem of theodicy see also evil, problem of. The change was clearly made to avoid the implication that God is the source of moral evil. Judaism, however, did not ignore the problem of pain and suffering in the world; it affirmed the paradox of suffering and divine sovereignty, of pain and divine providence, refusing to accept the concept of a God that is Lord over only the harmonious and pleasant aspects of reality. The second and the third benedictions deal with divine activity within the realm of history and human life. God is the teacher of all humanity; he has chosen the people of Israel in love to witness to his presence and his desire for a perfected society; he will, as redeemer, enable humanity to experience that perfection. These activities, together with creation itself, are understood to express divine compassion and kindness as well as justice judgment , recognizing the sometimes paradoxical relation between them. The constant renewal of creation nature is itself an act of compassion overriding strict justice and affording humankind further opportunity to fulfill the divinely appointed obligation. The basically moral nature of God is asserted in the second of the biblical passages that form the core of this liturgical statement Deuteronomy — Here, in the language of its agricultural setting, the community is promised reward for obedience and punishment for disobedience. The intention of the passage is clear: obedience is rewarded by the preservation of order, so that the community and its members find wholeness in life; while disobedience—rebellion against divine sovereignty—shatters order, so that the community is overwhelmed by adversity. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Preview — Basic Judaism by Milton Steinberg. Basic Judaism by Milton Steinberg. Rabbi Steinberg identifies seven strands that weave together to make up Judaism: God, morality, rite and custom, law, sacred literature, institutions, and the people. A classic work directed to both the Jewish and the non-Jewish reader. Get A Copy. Paperback , pages. Published March 17th by Mariner Books first published January 1st More Details Original Title. Other Editions 5. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Basic Judaism , please sign up. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Start your review of Basic Judaism. Apr 07, Rikka Filkins bos rated it it was amazing. I am a Jew by choice. While I read and continue to read many books on both the Jewish tradition and on the faith itself, this is probably the "one" that made clear to me that Judaism was to be my life's journey. I've lent my copy out several times, mostly to non-Jewish friends, and they seem to find it helpful in grasping what Judaism is. Highly recommended. Aug 30, Zachary rated it it was amazing. I was moved to tears on at least 3 occasions in reading this book, which says a lot considering I have only been moved to tears on a handful of occasions by books in the past. I have always felt drawn to Judaism but have ignored that for years for one reason or another, always trying to meet others' expectations for my relationship with spirituality before my own, constantly trying to please those around me, to meet up to their expectations. It was only seeing the joy that the conversion process has brought a close friend that gave me the courage to begin my own journey. And this book was an excellent start. I recommend it for anyone looking to learn more about Judaism, whatever your reasons. Dec 08, Miranda rated it liked it Shelves: religious , judaism. There are probably better books to introduce you to the basics of Judaism, and if there aren't there should be. A lot of the language was overly fancy - ostentatious and unnecessary elongated the way a university student might to try and impress their assessors and increase the word count. Not concise, to put it concisely. The book's main strength was representing the diversity within the Jewish community. It did a good job of explaining the difference between modern and traditionalist beliefs in There are probably better books to introduce you to the basics of Judaism, and if there aren't there should be. It did a good job of explaining the difference between modern and traditionalist beliefs in Judaism and made sure to repeatedly make clear that many Jews had different opinions about different things. It was nice to see the author who presumably had his own opinions on some of this take pains to be objective and give a well-rounded account of Judaism. May 16, Eric rated it it was ok Shelves: non-fiction. I had to keep reminding myself when this book was published -- And that it was written by a rabbi. I wanted to read it to get some more perspectives on Judaism, as my wife is Jewish. Despite it being a short book, it was a slog. It's pretty academic, and very much from a believer's perspective, so there were times where I found it pretty arrogant. There were a few interesting tidbits that I came away with. Like that some locusts are kosher and I really have to wonder now which ones. And I had to keep reminding myself when this book was published -- And that until the recent past, in many places, Jews took care of their own legal issues, separate from the court systems of the country they were in. But I could've probably learned those tidbits elsewhere with a less painful slog. Jun 09, Camilla rated it it was ok Shelves: religion , non-fiction. Dec 28, Joan added it. As a human, it compelled me. As a woman, it left me feeling isolated. View 1 comment. Aug 07, J. Gibbs rated it it was amazing. A book to read and reread. The style is a bit stilted, but well worth reading! The explanations are succinct and reflect the variety of Jewish expression. Aug 05, Madeleine Lesieutre rated it really liked it Shelves: read-summer This is really helpful for someone who knows very little about Judaism. For instance, Steinberg gives the example This is really helpful for someone who knows very little about Judaism. For instance, Steinberg gives the example of food restrictions. Steinberg suggests that the abstinence from certain meat has a hygienic purpose and a humanitarian purpose. This book does a bit to explain the existence of God, and a lot to argue the benefits of the beliefs and rituals. Oh, good lord! If you'll pardon the expression. I began it but was immediately put off by the overly formal, overly stilted, overly self-observant use of language. I mean, "The ancient rabbis were wont to speak. People don't write like this any more. That's a sound a duck makes. Sounds fruitcake to me. Like many pontifical writers, Milton Steinberg often digs up former centuries' use of the subjunctive mode to make his stuff seem really important: "But if the tradition be not self-validating. Methinks the author has been reading too much scripture. So, no. I did not get past Chapter 2. Aug 09, Marcelo Gonzalez rated it it was amazing. This is a mid-year contender for the best book I've read this year 70 so far. The most impressive aspect of this book isn't the accuracy of Milton Steinberg's claims, though no one could dispute their veracity; it is the beauty and reverence of his nearly poetic prose that stands out, a quasi- poetic style unquestionably worthy of the topic at hand. Steinberg delves into the major aspects of Judaism and spends equal time fairly describing the divergence of each without preference to any. I inten This is a mid-year contender for the best book I've read this year 70 so far. I intentionally read to see if I could discover his personal leaning and I was no more sure after finishing than if I had simply guessed upon first hearing his name. Nearly 70 years after it's first publication, this book is no less poignant than the day it was penned. View 2 comments. Sep 22, Jeffrey Rubenstein rated it liked it Shelves: paperback. Informative book about teh Jewish religion, its beliefs, ideals and practices by the 3 major sects of Judaism - Orthodox, Conservative and Reform. Jun 20, Craig Barner rated it it was amazing Shelves: faith- and-religion , spirituality , judaism. I read "Basic Judaism" as I traveled through Israel, contributing to the enjoyment of my sojourn. As I walked the shores of the Dead Sea and the streets of Jerusalem's Old City, I found myself meditating on the generations of Jews who lived and propagated a faith and tradition steeped in ancient teachings and who had experiences that no other people has shared. I thoroughly enjoyed "Basic Judaism. He crystalizes I read "Basic Judaism" as I traveled through Israel, contributing to the enjoyment of my sojourn. He crystalizes the core beliefs and practices of Jews in terms of observance, reason, salvation and other issues. Basic Judaism by Milton Steinberg, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®

Bee-bim Bop! In bouncy rhyming text, a hungry child tells about helping her mother make bee-bim bop: shopping, preparing The Borrowers. The Borrowers—the Clock family: Homily, Pod, and their fourteen-year-old daughter, Arrietty, to be precise—are tiny The Borrowers—the Clock family: Homily, Pod, and their fourteen-year-old daughter, Arrietty, to be precise—are tiny people who live underneath the kitchen floor of an old English country manor. All their minuscule home furnishings, from postage stamp paintings to champagne cork The original CliffsNotes study guides offer expert commentary on major themes, plots, characters, literary devices, The original CliffsNotes study guides offer expert commentary on major themes, plots, characters, literary devices, and historical background. The latest generation of titles in this series also feature glossaries and visual elements that complement the classic, familiar format. In CliffsNotes on Creatures of Will and Temper. Molly Tanzer is at the top Molly Tanzer is at the top of her form in this beautifully constructed novel. For Today I Am a Boy. Good Riddance. Daphne Maritch doesn't quite know what to make of the heavily annotated high school yearbook she inherits from her mother, Greenglass House Greenglass House Series. HMH Books. Modern Classic Series. The constant renewal of creation nature is itself an act of compassion overriding strict justice and affording humankind further opportunity to fulfill the divinely appointed obligation. The basically moral nature of God is asserted in the second of the biblical passages that form the core of this liturgical statement Deuteronomy — Here, in the language of its agricultural setting, the community is promised reward for obedience and punishment for disobedience. The intention of the passage is clear: obedience is rewarded by the preservation of order, so that the community and its members find wholeness in life; while disobedience—rebellion against divine sovereignty—shatters order, so that the community is overwhelmed by adversity. The passage of time has made the original language unsatisfactory promising rain, crops, and fat cattle , but the basic principle remains, affirming that, however difficult it is to recognize the fact, there is a divine law and judge. Support for this affirmation is drawn from the third biblical passage Numbers —41 , which explains that the fringes the are commanded to wear on the corners of their garments are reminders to observe the commandments of God, who brought forth Israel from Egyptian bondage. Within this complex of ideas, other themes are interwoven. The community and the individual, confronted by the creator, teacher, and redeemer, address the divine as a living person, not as a theological abstraction. From it flow the various possibilities of expressing the divine-human relationship in personal, intimate language. The Judaic affirmations about God have not always been given the same emphasis, nor have they been understood in the same way. This was true in the Middle Ages , among both philosophers and mystics, as well as in modern times. In the 19th century, western European Jewish thinkers attempted to express and transform these affirmations in terms of German philosophical idealism. Later thinkers turned to philosophical naturalism , supplemented with the traditional God language, as the suitable expression of Judaism. In the first half of the 20th century the meaningfulness of the whole body of such affirmations was called into question by the philosophical school of logical positivism. Judaism Article Media Additional Info. Article Contents. Load Previous Page. Basic beliefs and doctrines Judaism is more than an abstract intellectual system, though there have been many efforts to view it systematically. God An early statement of basic beliefs and doctrines about God emerged in the liturgy of the synagogue some time during the last pre-Christian and first Christian centuries; there is some evidence to suggest that such formulations were not absent from the Temple cult that came to an end in the year 70 ce. Unity and uniqueness At the centre of this liturgical formulation of belief is the concept of divine singularity and uniqueness. Activity in the world The second and the third benedictions deal with divine activity within the realm of history and human life. Modern views of God The Judaic affirmations about God have not always been given the same emphasis, nor have they been understood in the same way. Load Next Page.

Judaism: Basic Beliefs | URI

Judaism originated in the Middle East over years ago Judaism was founded by , although Jews trace their history back to . Jews believe that there is only one God with whom they have a covenant. Judaism has a rich history of , but the central and most important religious document is the . Jewish traditional or oral law, the interpretation of the laws of the Torah, is called halakhah. Spiritual leaders are called Rabbis. Jews worship in . See also. Religion and Ethics home Interfaith calendar Ethics guides. There are probably better books to introduce you to the basics of Judaism, and if there aren't there should be. A lot of the language was overly fancy - ostentatious and unnecessary elongated the way a university student might to try and impress their assessors and increase the word count. Not concise, to put it concisely. The book's main strength was representing the diversity within the Jewish community. It did a good job of explaining the difference between modern and traditionalist beliefs in There are probably better books to introduce you to the basics of Judaism, and if there aren't there should be. It did a good job of explaining the difference between modern and traditionalist beliefs in Judaism and made sure to repeatedly make clear that many Jews had different opinions about different things. It was nice to see the author who presumably had his own opinions on some of this take pains to be objective and give a well-rounded account of Judaism. May 16, Eric rated it it was ok Shelves: non- fiction. I had to keep reminding myself when this book was published -- And that it was written by a rabbi. I wanted to read it to get some more perspectives on Judaism, as my wife is Jewish. Despite it being a short book, it was a slog. It's pretty academic, and very much from a believer's perspective, so there were times where I found it pretty arrogant. There were a few interesting tidbits that I came away with. Like that some locusts are kosher and I really have to wonder now which ones. And I had to keep reminding myself when this book was published -- And that until the recent past, in many places, Jews took care of their own legal issues, separate from the court systems of the country they were in. But I could've probably learned those tidbits elsewhere with a less painful slog. Jun 09, Camilla rated it it was ok Shelves: religion , non-fiction. Dec 28, Joan added it. As a human, it compelled me. As a woman, it left me feeling isolated. View 1 comment. Aug 07, J. Gibbs rated it it was amazing. A book to read and reread. The style is a bit stilted, but well worth reading! The explanations are succinct and reflect the variety of Jewish expression. Aug 05, Madeleine Lesieutre rated it really liked it Shelves: read- summer This is really helpful for someone who knows very little about Judaism. For instance, Steinberg gives the example This is really helpful for someone who knows very little about Judaism. For instance, Steinberg gives the example of food restrictions. Steinberg suggests that the abstinence from certain meat has a hygienic purpose and a humanitarian purpose. This book does a bit to explain the existence of God, and a lot to argue the benefits of the beliefs and rituals. Oh, good lord! If you'll pardon the expression. I began it but was immediately put off by the overly formal, overly stilted, overly self-observant use of language. I mean, "The ancient rabbis were wont to speak. People don't write like this any more. That's a sound a duck makes. Sounds fruitcake to me. Like many pontifical writers, Milton Steinberg often digs up former centuries' use of the subjunctive mode to make his stuff seem really important: "But if the tradition be not self-validating. Methinks the author has been reading too much scripture. So, no. I did not get past Chapter 2. Aug 09, Marcelo Gonzalez rated it it was amazing. This is a mid-year contender for the best book I've read this year 70 so far. The most impressive aspect of this book isn't the accuracy of Milton Steinberg's claims, though no one could dispute their veracity; it is the beauty and reverence of his nearly poetic prose that stands out, a quasi-poetic style unquestionably worthy of the topic at hand. Steinberg delves into the major aspects of Judaism and spends equal time fairly describing the divergence of each without preference to any. I inten This is a mid-year contender for the best book I've read this year 70 so far. I intentionally read to see if I could discover his personal leaning and I was no more sure after finishing than if I had simply guessed upon first hearing his name. Nearly 70 years after it's first publication, this book is no less poignant than the day it was penned. View 2 comments. Sep 22, Jeffrey Rubenstein rated it liked it Shelves: paperback. Informative book about teh Jewish religion, its beliefs, ideals and practices by the 3 major sects of Judaism - Orthodox, Conservative and Reform. Jun 20, Craig Barner rated it it was amazing Shelves: faith-and-religion , spirituality , judaism. I read "Basic Judaism" as I traveled through Israel, contributing to the enjoyment of my sojourn. As I walked the shores of the Dead Sea and the streets of Jerusalem's Old City, I found myself meditating on the generations of Jews who lived and propagated a faith and tradition steeped in ancient teachings and who had experiences that no other people has shared. I thoroughly enjoyed "Basic Judaism. He crystalizes I read "Basic Judaism" as I traveled through Israel, contributing to the enjoyment of my sojourn. He crystalizes the core beliefs and practices of Jews in terms of observance, reason, salvation and other issues. I have read the Tanakh, which is also known as the Old Testament, and other books on Jewish faith and experience. From them I had a decent perception of what Judaism represents and teaches. The book has a primer quality, but it is much more than a dry primer. Steinberg is analytical in his presentation but also thorough and loving. In , according to the Jewish Population Survey, there were The Jewish Year Calendar cites Jewish population growth is currently near zero percent, with 0. It is characterised by the belief that the Written Torah Written Law cannot be correctly interpreted without reference to the and the voluminous literature specifying what behavior is sanctioned by the Law. The Jewish Enlightenment of the late 18th century resulted in the division of Ashkenazi Western Jewry into religious movements or denominations, especially in and Anglophone countries. The main denominations today outside Israel where the situation is rather different are Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform. While traditions and customs see also " Sephardic law and customs " vary between discrete communities, it can be said that Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities do not generally adhere to the "movement" framework popular in and among Ashkenazi Jewry. However, individual Sephardi and may be members of or attend synagogues that do adhere to one Ashkenazi-inflected movement or another. Sephardi and Mizrahi observance of Judaism tends toward the conservative, and prayer rites are reflective of this, with the text of each rite being largely unchanged since their respective inception. Observant Sephardim may follow the teachings of a particular rabbi or school of thought; for example, the Sephardic of Israel. Most Jewish classify themselves as "secular" , "traditional" masorti , "religious" dati or Haredi. The term "secular" is more popular as a self-description among families of western European origin, whose may be a very powerful force in their lives, but who see it as largely independent of traditional religious belief and practice. This portion of the population largely ignores organized religious life, be it of the official Israeli rabbinate Orthodox or of the liberal movements common to diaspora Judaism Reform, Conservative. The term "traditional" masorti is most common as a self-description among Israeli families of "eastern" origin i. This term, as commonly used, has nothing to do with the , which also names itself "Masorti" outside North America. There is a great deal of ambiguity in the ways "secular" and "traditional" are used in Israel: they often overlap, and they cover an extremely wide range in terms of worldview and practical religious observance. The term "Orthodox" is not popular in Israeli discourse, although the percentage of Jews who come under that category is far greater than in the diaspora. What would be called "Orthodox" in the diaspora includes what is commonly called dati religious or haredi ultra-Orthodox in Israel. The former term includes what is called " Religious " or the "National Religious" community, as well as what has become known over the past decade or so as haredi-leumi nationalist haredi , or "", which combines a largely haredi lifestyle with nationalist ideology. Some people, in , also refer to observant Orthodox Jews as , as opposed to frei more liberal Jews. Haredi applies to a populace that can be roughly divided into three separate groups along both ethnic and ideological lines: 1 "Lithuanian" non-hasidic haredim of Ashkenazic origin; 2 Hasidic haredim of Ashkenazic origin; and 3 . defines itself as the remnants of the non-Rabbinic Jewish sects of the period, such as the . The Karaites "Scripturalists" accept only the Hebrew and what they view as the "simple" meaning ; they do not accept non-biblical writings as authoritative. Some European Karaites do not see themselves as part of the Jewish community at all, although most do. Their religious practices are based on the literal text of the written Torah Five Books of Moses , which they view as the only authoritative scripture with a special regard also for the Samaritan . See also: ; . This version of Judaism differs substantially from Rabbinic, Karaite, and Samaritan , Ethiopian Jews having diverged from their coreligionists earlier. Sacred scriptures the Orit are written in Ge'ez, not Hebrew, and dietary laws are based strictly on the text of the Orit, without explication from ancillary commentaries. Holidays also differ, with some Rabbinic holidays not observed in Ethiopian Jewish communities, and some additional holidays, like . According to the Jewish law , non-Jews are not obligated to convert to Judaism , but they are required to observe the Seven Laws of Noah to be assured of a place in the World to Come Olam Ha-Ba , the final reward of the righteous. The divinely ordained penalty for violating any of these Noahide Laws is discussed in the , but in practical terms it is subject to the working legal system which is established by the society at large. Supporting organizations have been established around the world over the past decades by either Noahides or Orthodox Jews. However, nowadays it's primarily used to refer specifically to those non-Jews who observe the Seven Laws of Noah. may be guided by halakhic traditions, by other moral principles, or by central Jewish virtues. Jewish ethical practice is typically understood to be marked by values such as justice, truth, peace, loving-kindness chesed , compassion, humility, and self-respect. Specific Jewish ethical practices include practices of charity and refraining from negative speech lashon hara. Proper ethical practices regarding sexuality and many other issues are subjects of dispute among Jews. Traditionally, Jews recite three times daily, Shacharit , Mincha , and Ma'ariv with a fourth prayer, Mussaf added on and holidays. At the heart of each service is the or Shemoneh Esrei. Another key prayer in many services is the declaration of faith, the or Shema. The Lord is our God! The Lord is One! Most of the prayers in a traditional Jewish service can be recited in solitary prayer, although communal prayer is preferred. Communal prayer requires a quorum of ten adult Jews, called a . In nearly all Orthodox and a few Conservative circles, only male Jews are counted toward a minyan ; most Conservative Jews and members of other Jewish denominations count female Jews as well. In addition to prayer services, observant traditional Jews recite prayers and benedictions throughout the day when performing various acts. Prayers are recited upon waking up in the morning , before eating or drinking different foods, after eating a meal , and so on. The approach to prayer varies among the Jewish denominations. Differences can include the texts of prayers, the frequency of prayer, the number of prayers recited at various religious events, the use of musical instruments and choral music, and whether prayers are recited in the traditional liturgical languages or the vernacular. In general, Orthodox and Conservative congregations adhere most closely to tradition, and Reform and Reconstructionist synagogues are more likely to incorporate translations and contemporary writings in their services. Also, in most Conservative synagogues, and all Reform and Reconstructionist congregations, women participate in prayer services on an equal basis with men, including roles traditionally filled only by men, such as reading from the Torah. In addition, many Reform use musical accompaniment such as organs and mixed choirs. In Orthodox communities, only men wear kippot; in non-Orthodox communities, some women also wear kippot. Kippot range in size from a small round beanie that covers only the back of the head to a large, snug cap that covers the whole crown. The is worn by Jewish men and some Jewish women during the prayer service. Customs vary regarding when a Jew begins wearing a tallit. In the Sephardi community, boys wear a tallit from bar age. In some Ashkenazi communities, it is customary to wear one only after marriage. A tallit katan small tallit is a fringed garment worn under the clothing throughout the day. In some Orthodox circles, the fringes are allowed to hang freely outside the clothing. They are worn during weekday morning prayer by observant Jewish men and some Jewish women. It is traditional for the head of the household to wear a at the seder in some communities, and some grooms wear one under the wedding canopy. Jewish males are buried in a tallit and sometimes also a kittel which are part of the tachrichim burial garments. are special days in the Jewish calendar, which celebrate moments in , as well as central themes in the relationship between God and the world, such as creation , , and redemption. Shabbat , the weekly day of rest lasting from shortly before sundown on Friday night to nightfall on Saturday night, commemorates God's day of rest after six days of creation. At sundown on Friday, the woman of the house welcomes the Shabbat by lighting two or more candles and reciting a blessing. The evening meal begins with the Kiddush, a blessing recited aloud over a cup of wine, and the Mohtzi, a blessing recited over the bread. It is customary to have challah , two braided loaves of bread, on the table. During Shabbat, Jews are forbidden to engage in any activity that falls under 39 categories of melakhah , translated literally as "work". In fact the activities banned on the Sabbath are not "work" in the usual sense: They include such actions as lighting a fire, writing, using money and carrying in the public domain. The prohibition of lighting a fire has been extended in the modern era to driving a car, which involves burning fuel and using electricity. Jewish holy days chaggim , celebrate landmark events in Jewish history, such as from and the giving of the Torah, and sometimes mark the change of seasons and transitions in the agricultural cycle. The three major festivals, , Passover and , are called "regalim" derived from the Hebrew word "regel", or foot. On the three regalim, it was customary for the Israelites to make pilgrimages to Jerusalem to offer in the Temple. It is characterized by public recitation of the Book of Esther, mutual gifts of food and drink, charity to the poor, and a celebratory meal Esther Other customs include drinking wine, eating special pastries called hamantashen , dressing up in masks and costumes, and organizing carnivals and parties. has celebrated annually on the 14th of the Hebrew month of , which occurs in February or March of the Gregorian calendar. The festival is observed in Jewish homes by the kindling of lights on each of the festival's eight nights, one on the first night, two on the second night and so on. The holiday was called meaning "dedication" because it marks the re-dedication of the Temple after its desecration by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Spiritually, Hanukkah commemorates the "Miracle of the Oil". According to the Talmud, at the re-dedication of the following the victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Empire , there was only enough consecrated oil to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day. Miraculously, the oil burned for eight days—which was the length of time it took to press, prepare and consecrate new oil. Hanukkah is not mentioned in the Bible and was never considered a major holiday in Judaism, but it has become much more visible and widely celebrated in modern times, mainly because it falls around the same time as Christmas and has national Jewish overtones that have been emphasized since the establishment of the State of Israel. There are three more minor Jewish fast days that commemorate various stages of the destruction of the Temples. There are some who prefer to commemorate those who were killed in on the 10th of . The core of festival and Shabbat prayer services is the public reading of the Torah , along with connected readings from the other books of the Tanakh , called . Over the course of a year, the whole Torah is read, with the cycle starting over in the autumn, on . Synagogues are Jewish houses of prayer and study. They usually contain separate rooms for prayer the main sanctuary , smaller rooms for study, and often an area for community or educational use. There is no set blueprint for synagogues and the architectural shapes and interior designs of synagogues vary greatly. The Reform movement mostly refer to their synagogues as temples. Some traditional features of a synagogue are:. In addition to synagogues, other buildings of significance in Judaism include , or institutions of Jewish learning, and mikvahs , which are baths. The Jewish dietary laws are known as . Food prepared in accordance with them is termed kosher , and food that is not kosher is also known as treifah or treif. People who observe these laws are colloquially said to be "keeping kosher". Many of the laws apply to animal-based foods. For example, in order to be considered kosher, mammals must have split hooves and chew their cud. The pig is arguably the most well- known example of a non-kosher animal. Certain types of seafood, such as shellfish , crustaceans , and eels , are therefore considered non-kosher. Concerning birds, a list of non-kosher species is given in the Torah. The exact translations of many of the species have not survived, and some non-kosher birds' identities are no longer certain. However, traditions exist about the kashrut status of a few birds. For example, both chickens and turkeys are permitted in most communities. Other types of animals, such as amphibians , reptiles , and most insects , are prohibited altogether. In addition to the requirement that the species be considered kosher, meat and poultry but not fish must come from a healthy animal slaughtered in a process known as shechitah. Without the proper slaughtering practices even an otherwise kosher animal will be rendered treif. The slaughtering process is intended to be quick and relatively painless to the animal. Forbidden parts of animals include the blood , some fats , and the area in and around the sciatic nerve. Jewish law also forbids the consumption of meat and dairy products together. The waiting period between eating meat and eating dairy varies by the order in which they are consumed and by community, and can extend for up to six hours. Based on the Biblical injunction against cooking a kid in its mother's milk, this rule is mostly derived from the Oral Torah , the Talmud and Rabbinic law. The use of dishes , serving utensils, and ovens may make food treif that would otherwise be kosher. Utensils that have been used to prepare non- kosher food, or dishes that have held meat and are now used for dairy products, render the food treif under certain conditions. Furthermore, all Orthodox and some Conservative authorities forbid the consumption of processed grape products made by non-Jews, due to ancient pagan practices of using wine in rituals. The Torah does not give specific reasons for most of the laws of kashrut. For example, people are forbidden from consuming the blood of birds and mammals because, according to the Torah, this is where animal are contained. Survival concerns supersede all the laws of kashrut , as they do for most halakhot. The Tanakh describes circumstances in which a person who is tahor or ritually pure may become tamei or ritually impure. Some of these circumstances are contact with human corpses or graves , seminal flux, vaginal flux, menstruation , and contact with people who have become impure from any of these. An important subcategory of the ritual purity laws relates to the segregation of menstruating women. These laws are also known as , literally "separation", or family purity. Vital aspects of for traditionally observant Jews, they are not usually followed by Jews in liberal denominations. Especially in , the Biblical laws are augmented by Rabbinical injunctions. For example, the Torah mandates that a woman in her normal menstrual period must abstain from sexual intercourse for seven days. A woman whose menstruation is prolonged must continue to abstain for seven more days after bleeding has stopped. In addition, Rabbinical law forbids the husband from touching or sharing a bed with his wife during this period. Afterwards, purification can occur in a ritual bath called a . Traditional Ethiopian Jews keep menstruating women in separate huts and, similar to Karaite practice , do not allow menstruating women into their temples because of a temple's special sanctity. Emigration to Israel and the influence of other Jewish denominations have led to Ethiopian Jews adopting more normative Jewish practices. The role of the priesthood in Judaism has significantly diminished since the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE when attended to the Temple and sacrifices. The priesthood is an inherited position, and although priests no longer have any but ceremonial duties, they are still honored in many Jewish communities. Many Orthodox Jewish communities believe that they will be needed again for a future and need to remain in readiness for future duty. From the time of the and Talmud to the present, Judaism has required specialists or authorities for the practice of very few rituals or ceremonies. A Jew can fulfill most requirements for prayer by himself. Some activities—reading the Torah and haftarah a supplementary portion from the or Writings , the prayer for mourners, the blessings for bridegroom and bride, the complete grace after meals—require a minyan , the presence of ten Jews. The most common professional in a synagogue are:. services do involve two specified roles, which are sometimes, but not always, filled by a rabbi or in many congregations. In other congregations these roles are filled on an ad-hoc basis by members of the congregation who lead portions of services on a rotating basis:. The three preceding positions are usually voluntary and considered an honor. Since the Enlightenment large synagogues have often adopted the practice of hiring rabbis and to act as shatz and kriyah , and this is still typically the case in many Conservative and Reform congregations. However, in most Orthodox synagogues these positions are filled by laypeople on a rotating or ad-hoc basis. Although most congregations hire one or more Rabbis, the use of a professional hazzan is generally declining in American congregations, and the use of professionals for other offices is rarer still. At its core, the Tanakh is an account of the Israelites ' relationship with God from their earliest history until the building of the Second Temple c. Abraham is hailed as the first Hebrew and the father of the Jewish people. As a reward for his act of faith in one God, he was promised that , his second son, would inherit the then called Canaan. At Mount Sinai , they received the Torah —the five books of Moses. These books, together with Nevi'im and are known as Torah Shebikhtav as opposed to the Oral Torah , which refers to the Mishnah and the Talmud. Eventually, God led them to the land of Israel where the was planted in the city of Shiloh for over years to rally the nation against attacking enemies. As time went on, the spiritual level of the nation declined to the point that God allowed the Philistines to capture the tabernacle. The people of Israel then told Samuel the that they needed to be governed by a permanent king, and Samuel appointed Saul to be their King. When the people pressured Saul into going against a command conveyed to him by Samuel, God told Samuel to appoint in his stead. Once King David was established, he told the prophet Nathan that he would like to build a permanent temple, and as a reward for his actions, God promised David that he would allow his son, , to build the First Temple and the throne would never depart from his children. Rabbinic tradition holds that the details and interpretation of the law, which are called the Oral Torah or oral law , were originally an unwritten tradition based upon what God told Moses on Mount Sinai. However, as the persecutions of the Jews increased and the details were in danger of being forgotten, these oral laws were recorded by Rabbi Judah HaNasi Judah the Prince in the Mishnah , redacted circa CE. The Talmud was a compilation of both the Mishnah and the , rabbinic commentaries redacted over the next three centuries. The Gemara originated in two major centers of Jewish scholarship, and Babylonia. The older compilation is called the Jerusalem Talmud. It was compiled sometime during the 4th century in Palestine. According to critical scholars , the Torah consists of inconsistent texts edited together in a way that calls attention to divergent accounts. After Solomon's reign, the nation split into two kingdoms, the Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah in the south. The Kingdom of Judah continued as an independent state until it was conquered by a Babylonian army in the early 6th century BCE, destroying the First Temple that was at the center of ancient Jewish worship. The Judean elite was exiled to Babylonia and this is regarded as the first . Later many of them returned to their homeland after the subsequent conquest of Babylonia by the Persians seventy years later, a period known as the . A new Second Temple was constructed, and old religious practices were resumed. During the early years of the Second Temple, the highest religious authority was a council known as the Great Assembly, led by Ezra of the Book of Ezra. Among other accomplishments of the Great Assembly, the last books of the Bible were written at this time and the canon sealed. Hadrian built a pagan idol on the Temple grounds and prohibited ; these acts of ethnocide provoked the Bar Kokhba revolt — CE after which the Romans banned the study of the Torah and the celebration of Jewish holidays, and forcibly removed virtually all Jews from Judea. In CE, however, Jews were granted Roman citizenship and Judaism was recognized as a religio licita "legitimate religion" until the rise of and Early Christianity in the fourth century. Following the destruction of Jerusalem and the expulsion of the Jews, Jewish worship stopped being centrally organized around the Temple, prayer took the place of , and worship was rebuilt around the community represented by a minimum of ten adult men and the establishment of the authority of rabbis who acted as teachers and leaders of individual communities see Jewish diaspora. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, these sects vanished. The Sadducees rejected the divine inspiration of the Prophets and the Writings , relying only on the Torah as divinely inspired. Consequently, a number of other core tenets of the ' belief system which became the basis for modern Judaism , were also dismissed by the Sadducees. The practiced a similar religion, which is traditionally considered separate from Judaism. Like the Sadducees who relied only on the Torah, some Jews in the 8th and 9th centuries rejected the authority and divine inspiration of the oral law as recorded in the Mishnah and developed by later rabbis in the two , relying instead only upon the Tanakh. These included the Isunians, the Yudganites, the Malikites , and others. They soon developed oral traditions of their own, which differed from the rabbinic traditions, and eventually formed the Karaite . Karaites exist in small numbers today, mostly living in Israel. Rabbinical and Karaite Jews each hold that the others are Jews, but that the other faith is erroneous. Many of these groups have developed differences in their prayers, traditions and accepted canons; however, these distinctions are mainly the result of their being formed at some cultural distance from normative , rather than based on any doctrinal dispute. arose during the Middle Ages , in the form of persecutions, pogroms , forced conversions , expulsions, social restrictions and ghettoization. This was different in quality from the repressions of Jews which had occurred in ancient times. Ancient repressions were politically motivated and Jews were treated the same as members of other ethnic groups. With the rise of the Churches, the main motive for attacks on Jews changed from politics to religion and the religious motive for such attacks was specifically derived from Christian views about Jews and Judaism. It originated in a time of persecution of the Jewish people when European Jews had turned inward to Talmud study; many felt that most expressions of Jewish life had become too "academic", and that they no longer had any emphasis on spirituality or joy. Its adherents favored small and informal gatherings called , which, in contrast to a traditional synagogue, could be used both as a place of worship and for celebrations involving dancing, eating, and socializing. Unlike other religions, which typically expanded through word of mouth or by use of print, Hasidism spread largely owing to , who used their influence to encourage others to follow the movement. Hasidism appealed to many Europeans because it was easy to learn, did not require full immediate commitment, and presented a compelling spectacle. Waves of Jewish immigration in the s carried it to the . The movement itself claims to be nothing new, but a refreshment of original Judaism. As some have put it: "they merely re-emphasized that which the generations had lost". Nevertheless, early on there was a serious between Hasidic and non-Hasidic Jews. European Jews who rejected the Hasidic movement were dubbed by the Hasidim as , lit. Some of the reasons for the rejection of were the exuberance of Hasidic worship, its deviation from tradition in ascribing infallibility and miracles to their leaders, and the concern that it might become a messianic sect. Over time differences between the Hasidim and their opponents have slowly diminished and both groups are now considered part of . In the late 18th century CE, Europe was swept by a group of intellectual, social and political movements known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment led to reductions in the European laws that prohibited Jews to interact with the wider secular world, thus allowing Jews access to secular education and experience. A parallel Jewish movement, or the "Jewish Enlightenment", began, especially in Central Europe and , in response to both the Enlightenment and these new freedoms. It placed an emphasis on integration with secular society and a pursuit of non-religious knowledge through reason. With the promise of political emancipation, many Jews saw no reason to continue to observe Jewish law and increasing numbers of Jews assimilated into Christian Europe. Modern religious movements of Judaism all formed in reaction to this trend. In Central Europe, followed by Great Britain and the United States, Reform or Liberal Judaism developed, relaxing legal obligations especially those that limited Jewish relations with non-Jews , emulating Protestant decorum in prayer, and emphasizing the ethical values of Judaism's Prophetic tradition. developed in reaction to Reform Judaism, by leaders who argued that Jews could participate in public life as citizens equal to Christians while maintaining the observance of Jewish law. Meanwhile, in the United States, wealthy Reform Jews helped European scholars, who were Orthodox in practice but critical and skeptical in their study of the Bible and Talmud, to establish a seminary to train rabbis for immigrants from . These left-wing Orthodox rabbis were joined by right-wing Reform rabbis who felt that Jewish law should not be entirely abandoned, to form the Conservative movement. After massive movements of Jews following The Holocaust and the creation of the state of Israel , these movements have competed for followers from among traditional Jews in or from other countries. Jewish religious practice varies widely through all levels of observance. According to the edition of the National Jewish Population Survey , in the United States' Jewish community—the world's second largest—4. Birth rates for have dropped from 2. Due to intermarriage and low birth rates, the Jewish population in the US shrank from 5. This is indicative of the general population trends among the Jewish community in the Diaspora , but a focus on total population obscures growth trends in some denominations and communities, such as Haredi Judaism. The movement is a movement of Jews who have "returned" to religion or become more observant. Christianity was originally a sect of , but the two religions diverged in the first century. The differences between originally centered on whether Jesus was the Jewish but eventually became irreconcilable. Major differences between the two faiths include the nature of the Messiah, of atonement and sin , the status of God's commandments to Israel, and perhaps most significantly of the nature of God himself.

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