`A La Pointe 14 Accordion 135–6 Accords En Jet 206 Accords Éoliens

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02516-5 - The Cambridge Guide to Orchestration Ertuğrul Sevsay Index More information

Index

alapointe14` at the frog 14 Accordion 135–6 at the point 14 Accords en jet 206 au chevalet 36–7 Accords eoliens´ ascendants 207–8 au talon 14 Accords eoliens´ descendants 208 Auto-brake drums 146 Acoustic guitar 224 Automobile horns 181 action mechanism 248 Aeolian Bach, Johann Sebastian 9, 68, 80 flux 204 Bach trumpet 92 rustling 206 Balalaika 227 tremolo 207 Balzato 17–18 Aerophones xx, 139, 180–1, →wind Bamboo chimes 164 instruments, →keyboard instruments Bamboo scraper 166 Agogo 158 Bambubrasile´ no˜ 166 air sounds 131–3 Bandoneon 136 al tallone 14 Banja 176 Almglocken 157–8 Banjo 227 Alpine cowbells 157–8 Banjo Pizzicato 44 Alto clarinet in E 83 Bariolage Alto flugelhorn 99 string instruments 19 Alto flute 77 woodwind instruments 129 Alto gamba 69 Baritone 109 Alto horn 99 Baritone flugelhorn 100 Alto trombone 104 Baritone horn 100 Alto trumpet 103 Baritone oboe 80 Alto viol 68 Barre´ technique 225 am Frosch 14 Bartok´ pizzicato 43 am Griffbrett 36 Baryton am Steg 36–7 saxhorn 114 amplification 67, 135, 223, 224, 237, string instrument 69 633–4 Bass clarinet 82–3 an der Spitze 14 Bass drum 172–3 Antique cymbals 161 Bass flugelhorn 100 Anvil 146 BassfluteinC77 Anvil effect 223 BassfluteinG78 arco 7 Bass gamba 69 Arpeggiando 19 Bass horn 100 Arpeggio 29, 199 Bass marimba 150 articulation 120–1, 596 Bass metalophone 154 artificial harmonics 55–57 Bass oboe 80 ascending Aeolian chords 207 Bass timpano 168–9 at the bridge 36–7 Bass trombone 105–6

Index 645 Bass trumpet in E-D-C-B 103 Bowed tremolo 34 Bass tuba bowing 9–19 in C 114 bowing effects 62–3 in F-E 110 Brahms, Johannes 289–90, 291–2, 322–5, Bass viol 68 424–8, 429–30, 481–9 Bass Wagner tuba 111–12 Brass instruments 88–116, 636–7 Bass xylophone 148 brassy 98 Bassett horn 83 breath sounds 131–3 Bassoon 84–5 brilliancy factor 10 Beat-board 146 Broken glissando 124 beaters 140, 192–4 Broken tremolo 130 beats 128 Bruissements eoliens´ 206 Bebung 246 Brush strokes 13 Beethoven, Ludwig van xvi, xvii, 90, 92, 167, brushes (metal) 140 170, 284–5, 286–7, 318–19, 375, 382, Brustwerk 248 393, 413–15, 416–19, 446, 474–7, 480, Bucket mute 126 488, 525, 541, 560, 568, 585, 591, Bugles a` pistons 114 628 Button accordion 136 Bell 157 Buzz effect 215, 221 Bell plates 145 Buzz pizzicato 44 Bell tree 164 bellows 247 Cabaza 163 bells up 135 Campanelli giapponesi 154 Bent tone 123–4 cane sticks 175 Berg, Alban 579, 596–599 Cannon effect 170 Berio, Luciano 603–606 Cannon shot 173 Berlioz, Hector xvi, 100, 192, 488, 498, 510, case (organ) 249 511, 614 Castanets 159–60 Bird whistle 181 Celesta 245 Bisbigliando 201 Cello 3–8 Bizet, Georges 488, 507 Cencerros 158 Black cornett 138 Ceterone 229 Bombard 137 Chain 164 Bombarde 137 Chanterelle 227 Bombardino 109 Chimes 155 Bombardone 109–10 Chinese cymbal 143 Bomhart 137 Chinese tom-toms 178 Bones 159 Chitarrone 228–9 Bongo organ 177 chiuso 98 bongo sticks 175 Chocallo 164 Bongos 174–5 choke 160 Bordun strings 70, 228, Chorale tutti 551 229 Chordophone xx, 139, 179 Bouche´ →Sons bouche´ Chromatic harp 199 Boulez, Pierre 612–18 Cimbalon 179–80 bouncing arpeggio 19 Cimbasso 116 bow 3–8 circular breathing 119 Bow vibrato 13 Cittern 229

646 Index Clarinets Concertina 136 in C, B, A 80–1 Conga 175 in D/F/A 83 Contra-alto clarinet 103 in E 82 Contrabass clarinet 84 Clarini 91 Contrabass flugelhorn 116 Clarino technique 91 Contrabass flutes in C-G 78 Clarone 82 Contrabass trombone 106 Classical roto-toms 177 Contrabass tubas in B–C 110 clattering effects 134 Contrabassoon 85–6 Claves 162 Cornet 100 Clavichord 246 Cornet notation 101 Claviorganum 253 Cornetti 138 clicking effects 134 Coupler 248 Cluster chords Cowbells 157–8 harp 200 Crash cymbals 160 mandolin 227 crescendo (dynamic, mechanical) 463–4, 506 organ 250–1 crescendo pedal 248 piano 232–3 crooks (Inventionshorn) 92 string instruments 65–6 Crotales 161 Cluster glissandi 200, 233 Crumhorns 138 col arco 7 Crystallophone 158 col legno Cuckoo call 81 battuto 40 Cuica 179 tratto 40–1 cuivre98´ colla mano 140 Cup bells 157 colla parte technique 90 Cup mouth piece 88–9, 99, 100, 101, 103, Colle17´ 108, 109, 114, 138 Colle–spiccato´ 17 Cup mute 126 color (definition of ∼) 262 Curved cornett 138 color (types of ∼) Cylindrical wood block 157 half-mixed 282, 422, 455, 480, 525, 558, Cymbal tongs 162 559, 567, 573, 601, 620 Cymbales antiques 161 mixed 282, 411, 422, 426, 427, 455, 476, 485, 514, 524, 525, 559, 567, 568, 573, dampening 598, 603, 617, 620 harp 211–14 unmixed 282, 411, 422, 427, 455, 476, 480, organ 251 514, 524, 525, 558, 559, 567, 568, 573, percussion instruments →individual 598, 603, 617, 620 percussion instruments, chapter 3 Color trill 130 piano 239–40 coloring 262, 568, 579–81, 585 string instruments 47 con corde 171 damper pedal 231 con la mano 140 Darabukka 176 con sordino Dead stick 148, 149, 153, 172, 186 brass instruments 125–127 Dead stroke 148, 149, 153, 172, 186 string instruments 47–8 Debussy, Claude 199, 305–6, 354–7, 358–9, woodwind instruments 125 453–5, 553–60, 561–3 Concert castanets 159 decrescendo (dynamic, mechanical) 463–4, Concert guitar 224 506

Index 647 Derby mute 127 Electric guitar 224 Descant gamba 69 Electrophones 633–4 Descant trombone 104 English horn 79 Descant viol 68 enharmonic notation 197 descending Aeolian chords 208 enharmonic trill 129–30 Detach´ e´ 13–17 Esoteric sounds 218 diamond-shaped notehead E-trigger 105 harp 206, 214, 216, 220–1 Etouffer´ 47 mallet instruments 185 Euphonium 109–10 piano 232, 241 Expressionism 365, 420, 579–581, string instruments 48–60 584–5 Diatonic button accordion 136 dismantling the instrument 133 F-attachment 105, 106, 107–8 disposition (organ) 250 F-trigger 105, 106 divisi, div. 30–32 fac¸ade (organ) 249 Doppler effect 135 Falling-hail effect 203, 205 Double (contrabass) tuba 110–11 fast fan 152 Double bass 3–8 Faure,´ Gabriel 488 Double horn 96–8 Feather bowing 18 double reed 74 Fiddle instruments 67 double stops →multiple stops Finger cymbals 162 double-tonguing 76, 85, 121 Fingered tremolo 34–5 Double trill 130 Fingering effects without bowing 61–2 Double-pedalled harp 221 Fingernail pizzicato 43–4 Dovetailing 119, 363 Flah effects 134 down-bow 9 Flam 171 Drag 171 Flautando 36 drone strings 70 Flexatone 162–3 Drum of Provence 170 Flicorno 100 Drum set 178–9 flue pipes 249 Dutilleux, Henri 599–603 Flugelhorns 99–100 Dvoˇrak,´ Antonin xvi, 295–6, 334–5, 415, Fluidic sounds 220 488, 434–6, 508–11 Flutes 75–8 dynamics 595 in D 78 in E 78 Echo effects 244 Flutter tongue 121–2 Echo tones 81, 98 Flux 203 effect of snare drum without snares en greleˆ 203, 205 206–7 eoliens´ 203, 204 effects with the mouthpiece 133 hautbo¨ıstique 205 effects with the pedals →pedal effects Flying staccato 18 effects with the resonating tube 133 Frame drums 173–4 effet d’enclume 223 French horn →horns effet de tambour militaire sans timbre Friction drum 179 206–7 function (definition) 262 effet de tonnere 208 fundamental 88–9, 91–94, 101, electric amplification →amplification →harmonics (string instruments) Electric bass 224 funnel mouthpiece 88, 96, 99, 111

648 Index Gabrieli, Giovanni xvi, 451 Hand castanets 159 Gamba family / instruments →Viol family / Hand drums 174 instruments hand slap clusters 200 Genoese mandolin 226 Hand-tuned timpani 168 German mandolin 226 Harmon mute 126 Gettato 18 Harmonic tutti 551 Ghost tones 133 harmonics Gittern 229 guitar 225 Glass chimes 164 harp 215–17 Glass glockenspiel 158 piano 240 Glass harmonica 167 string instruments 48–60 Glass harp 167 timpani 170 Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich 488 vibraphone 153 Glissando woodwind instruments 127 clarinet 81 Harmonium 252 flute 76 Harp 195–223 guitar 225 Harpsichord 245–6 harp 203–11 Hat mute 127 percussion instruments →individual Hawaiian guitar 227 percussion instruments Haydn, Joseph xvi, xvii, 264–5, 276–7, 278–9, piano 232, 233, 234–9 373–7, 397–9, 400–2, 415, 540, 541 string instruments 38–40, 44, 58, 60, 64 Heckelphone 80 timpani 170 Helicone 116 trombone 107–8 heterogeneous sound 74, 427–8, 436, wind instruments 122, 123–4 494 Glissando effleure39´ Heterogeneous tutti 498, 531–2, 552 Glockenspiel 150–1 High timpano 168–9 Gong drum 173 Hi-hat 161 Gongs 144 Hindemith, Paul 80 Gounod, Charles 488 historical string instruments 67–70 gradual muffling 213–14 Holst, Gustav 80, 109 Great (organ) 248 homogeneous sound 3, 81, 88, 108, 114, Grieg, Edvard 488 375–6, 382, 395, 399, 427–8, 447, 467, Guiro 166 494, 495, 530, 531, 569, 608, 611 Guitar 224–6 Homogeneous tutti 498, 531, 551–2 Gushing chords 206 homophonic texture/orchestration 262–3 half 32 Homophonic tutti 551 half harmonics 58 horizontal glissando 235–7 half-mixed colors →colors horn intervals 94 half-tube instruments 88 Horns 96–8 Half-valve glissando 124 Half-valving 130 Idiophones 141–67 “Hammer on” pizzicato 46 bowed 166–7 Hammerklavier 230 directly struck 141–62 hammers 140 indirectly struck 162–6 Hammond organ 633 plucked 166 Hand bells 157 rubbed 166–7

Index 649 Impressionism xviii, 142, 169, 303, 420, 446, Ligeti, Gyorgy¨ 606–12 451–2, 454, 459, 480, 539, 557–60, lingual pipes 249–50 562–3, 567–8, 579, 594 Lion’s roar 179 instrumental register xv, 120, 262, 365, 442, Lira 70 464, 486, 499, 511, 514, 542, 550, 594, da braccio 70 595 da gamba 70 instrumentation xv Lirone 70 instruments (significance of ∼ in Liszt, Franz 250, 488 instrumentation) 595 Lithophone 145 Inventionshorn 92–3 Log drum 156 Irregular glissando 124 Long field drum 170 Isolated sounds 211–12 Loo-joon 154 Lotus flute 180 Japanese tom-toms 178 Loure13´ Jawbone 165 Lute 228 Jazz glissandi 124 Lute guitar 228 Jazz tom-toms 176–7 Lute register 246 Jazz trumpet 101–2 Lute stop 246 Jete´ 18, 19 Lutosławski, Witold 618–24 Jew’s harp 166 Machine castanets 159 Kalimba 166 Machine timpani 168 Kamesu 164 macrocolors 398–400, 458–9, 541, 558, 603, Kettle drums 167–70 630 key action 248 Mahler, Gustav 75, 91, 250, 301–2, 341–3, key channels 248 399, 444–7, 521–6 Key glissando 124 Mallets 140 Key vibrato 129 Mandola 227 Keyboard glockenspiel 151 Mandolin 226–7 Keyboard instruments xx, 230–253, 638 Mandolone 227 Keyboard xylophone 150 Mandora 227 Keyed bugle 113 manual coupler 248 Keyed horn 113 Maracas 163–4 Key-tuned timpani 168 Marimba 149, 166 Klangfarbenmelodien 420, 585 Marimbula 166 Klaviaturglockenspiel 151 Martele´ 15–16 Klaviaturxylophone 150 Martellato 15–16 Massenet, Jules 488 la meta32` medium fan 152 labial pipes 249 Mellophone 116 Lamellophone 166 Mellophonium 116 Langlois effect 48 Melodeon 136 Large timpano 168–9 melodic shadowing 410, 419, 458–9, 514, Lead guitar 224 531, 542, 557 Left-hand pizzicato 43 Melodic tutti 551 Legato 9–13, 120 Melodica 136 let vibrate 195–6 Membranophones 139, 167–79 Lever timpani 168 Mendelssohn, Felix xvi, 10, 18, 19, 119, 487

650 Index Mensur 89, 249 multiple stops 19–30 Mensuration 89, 111, 249 Musical glasses 158 Messiaen, Olivier 100 Musical saw 166 Metal block 158 Musique concrete` 633 Metal chimes 164 Mussorgsky, Modest xvi, 309–11, 312–13, metal clappers 140 344–5, 346–50, 351–3, 461–4, 465–8, Metal foil 165 527–32, 533–44, 545–52 metal mallet instruments 150–4 Mute cornett 138 metallic sounds 127 muting Metalophone 154 brass 125–7 methods of sound production (significance guitar 225 of the ∼ in instrumentation) 596 harp 214–15 Meyerbeer, Giacomo 93, 100, 113, 488 percussion instruments →individual microcolors 398–400, 441, 458–60, 541, 558, percussion instruments, chapter 3 603, 630 piano 240 microintervals string instruments 47–8 guitar 225 woodwind instruments 125 harp 220 piano 243 Nasal register 246 string instruments 64, 65 Native American tom-toms 178 wind instruments 128 natural harmonics 48–55 Milanese mandoline 226 natural horns 91–6 Milhaud, Darius 180 natural trumpets 91–3, 96 Military drum 171 Neapolitan mandoline 226 mixed colors →colors near the bridge 36 mixed texture/orchestration 262–3 near the edge 172 modern (Remo-) tom-toms 177–8 near the soundboard 201–2 modern tom-toms 176–7 near the tuning pins 202–3 modern (valve) horn 97–8 new notation (brass instruments) 95–6, modern (valve) trumpet 101–2 112 modo ordinario 32 noisyattack132 motor on/off 152, 252 non divisi / non div. 21, 32 Mouth harmonica 136 notation of the Mouth harp 166 harp 197–8 Mozart, Wolgang Amadeus xvi, xvii, 17, 74, percussion instruments 181–5 83, 92, 96, 151, 167, 199, 228, 266, 267, wind instruments 117–18 280–1, 282–3, 314–17, 375, 378–9, 380–3, 399, 403–6, 407–12, 415, 419, Oberwerk 248, 249 451, 469–73, 488, 499, 524, 525, 540, Oboe 78–9 541, 543, 585, 591 Oboe d’amore 80 muffling Oboe de caccia 79 dampening octave coupler 248 harp 211–14 O-daiko 178 percussion instruments →individual off-the-string bowings 17–19 percussion instruments, chapter 3 old notation (brass instruments) 95–6, piano 239–40 112 string instruments 47 on the bridge 36–7 multiphonics 129 on the fingerboard 36

Index 651 on the rim 141, 142, 161, 170, 172 524–6, 541–3, 549–50, 569, 591–2, 601, on the shell 172 603, 606, 612, 617, 630 on-the-string bowings 12–17 pedal changes →pedal effects Ondes Martenot 633 Pedal clarinet 84 Ophicleide 113 pedal coupler 248 Orchestra bells 150–1 pedal effects orchestral register xv, 120, 262, 365, 383, 395, harp 217–18 406, 433, 441, 442, 464, 480, 486, 514, piano 241–2 530, 531, 542, 549, 558, 559, 560, 585, pedal glissandi 210–11 591, 594, 595 Pedal harpsichord 245 orchestration xv Pedal keyboard 247 ordinario, ord. 32, 41, 122, 232 pedal noises 241–2 Orff, Carl 148, 178, 180 pedal sound (piano) 244 Organ 247–52 Pedal timpani 168 organology xv pedal tremolo 218 over the fingerboard 36 Pelittone 116 overblowing 71, 74 Penderecki, Krzystof 624–30 Overtone glissando 124 Percussion instruments xx, 139–94, 637 overtone series 91–2 percussive effects on the overtones 48–58, 71, 75, 76, 78, 81, 88, 89, guitar 226 91–2, 94, 98, 101, 107 harp 222–3 piano 242–3 paddle-mounted castanets 159 string instruments 66 paddle-mounted sleigh bells 164 wind instruments 133–4 Paduan mandolin 226 Piano 230–44 Parade drum 171 Piano-accordion 136 partial tones Picchettato 18 percussion instruments →individual Piccolo (flute) 76–7 percussion instruments, chapter 3 Piccolo clarinet in D 83 string instruments (harmonics) Piccolo clarinet in E 82 48–58 Piccolo cornet in D-E wind instruments 89, 91–2, 97, 102, 103, Piccolo flute in D/E 78 106–8 Piccolo timpano 168–9 pavillon de recharge 84 Piccolo trumpet in B 103 pedal Piccolo trumpet in D/E 103 harp 196–8 Pinch pizzicato 44 hi-hat 161 pipes 249–50 keyboard glockenspiel Pique13´ (klaviaturglockenspiel) 151 pirouette 137 orchestra bells (glockenspiel) 151 Pistol shot 172 organ 247–50 piston valve 94 piano 231 Pizzicato 41–7 timpani 168 “a la chitarra” 43 tubular bells (chimes) 155 “al mandolino” 45 vibraphone 152–3 arpeggiato 43 pedal (sustained) sounds/tones xvii, 89, 97, Banjo ∼ 44 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 379, 393, Bartok´ ∼ 43 398–9, 442–3, 472–3, 477, 496, 510, 514, bisbigliando 45

652 Index Pizzicato (cont.) quadruple stops →multiple stops Buzz ∼ 44 Quartfagott 85 effleure46´ Quijada 165 Fingernail ∼ 43 Quill instruments 245–6 glissando 38, 44 “Hammer on” ∼ 46 Rabab 67, 228 harmonics 58 Ratchet 165 Left-hand ∼ 42 Ravel, Maurice xvi, xvii, 12, 75, 180, 195, 199, Muted ∼ 46 309–11, 312–13, 344–5, 346–50, 351–3, on the flute 134 461–4, 465–8, 524, 526, 527–32, on the guitar 225 533–44, 545–52 on the piano 241 Rebab 67, 228 on the string instruments 41–7 Rebec instruments 67 Pulled ∼ 46 Recorders 136–7 “quasi chitarra” 43 Reco-reco 166 Silent ∼ 46 reed pipes 249–50 tremolando 44 Regal 252 tremolo 45 register (wind instruments) 120 plaque´ 199 register grooves 248 Plectric sounds 217 Respighi, Ottorino 370–1, 588–93 plucked chordophones 195 Rhythm guitar 224 Plucked instruments xx, 195–229, 638 Ricochet 18 Plunger 126–7 Rim shot 172, 175, 184 Pointillism 147, 151, 160, 162, 365, 368, Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay xv, xvi, 102, 103, 584–7, 606 336–7, 488, 512–14 polyphonic texture/orchestration 262–3 Rocket-like sounds 221 Polyphonic tutti 551 Rod drum 179 Pommer 137 rolls 184–5 Pop effects 134 percussion instruments →individual Portamento 40 percussion instruments, chapter 3 Portative 252 string instruments 62 Portato 13 Romanmandolin226 Portuguese mandolin 226 Rossini, Gioachino 446, 488 positions (string instruments) 7–8, 20, 23–4, Rotary timpani 168 27–8 rotary valve 99, 108, 111, 114 Positive 248, 249, 252 Rotating timpani 168 Praetorius, Michael 137, 138 Ruff 171 prepared instruments 67 rumba 162 Prepared piano 240 Russian bassoon 113 pres` de la table 201–2, 214 pres` des chevilles 202–3 Saint-Saens,¨ Camille 250, 488 Principali 91 Saltellato 17 Projection method/technique →multiple Salzedo, Carlos 200, 203, 204, 213, 216, 217, stops 218, 222, 223 Prokofiev, Sergei 388 samba 163, 166 prospect 249 Sandpaper blocks 165 Puccini, Giacomo 16, 154 Sansa 166 punta d’arco 14–15 Sapo cubana 166

Index 653 Sarrusophone 86–7 Slit drum 155–6 Sautille´ 17, 19 slow fan 152 Saxhorns 100, 108, 114–16 slurred staccato 13, 16, 19 Saxophones 87–8, 114, 118, 121, 123 Small timpano 168–9 Saxotrombas 114, 116 Smetana, Bedrich 488 schmetternd 98 Snap pizzicato 226 Schoenberg, Arnold 106, 365–7, 575–81, Snare drum 171–2 585 snares off/on 171 Schubert, Franz 288, 321, 421–2, 478–80 Solo guitar 224 Schumann, Robert xvi, 93, 113, 269, 270, Solo lead drum 144 384–5, 386, 489 Solotone mute 126 science of instruments xv Sons Sciolto 13–17 bouche98´ scordatura de tamtam 222 guitar 225 en fusees´ 221 harp 195, 196, 219 esot´ eriques´ 218 mandolin 226–7 etouff´ es´ 196, 212–14 piano 243 fluidiques 220 string instruments 60–1 isoles´ 211–12 Scriabin, Alexander xii, 307–8, metalliques 217 456–9 plectriques 217 secco 19, 43, 156, 160, 199 pres` de la table 201–2 semi-tutti 410, 441, 489, 551–2, →tutti pres` des chevilles 202–3 senza corde 171 siffles´ 208–10 senza sordino 47 timbaliques 223 Separate 13 vibres´ 215 Separato 13 xyloharmoniques 216–17 Serpent 138 xylophoniques 214 Shake rolls 174 Soprano flugelhorn 99 shakers 164 Soprano oboe 80 Shawm 137 Soprano trombone 104 Shell chimes 164 Soprano trough xylophone 148 Shepherd bells 157 sostenuto pedal 231 Short field drum 171 sound channels 248 Sienese mandolin 226 soundboard 201–2, 205, 214, 217, 223 simple pedal harp 199 Sousaphone 116 Singing saw 166 Spiccato 17, 19 Single-pitch trill 129 Spinet 246 single reed 74 Splitting 31, 293, 388, 390, 414, 433, 567–8, Single-tonguing 79, 121 573–4, 579–81, 585, 597, 614 Siren 180 Staccato 16–17, 19, 120–1 Sistrum 162 Staccato volante 18, 19 Sizzle cymbal 143 Steel drums 144–5 Sizzle effect 143 Stick drums 170–3 Slap tongue 134 Stick shot 172 Slapstick 159 sticks 140 Sleigh bells 164 Stir 172 Slide glissando 107–8, 123 stopped notes 92–4, 98, 118, 128

654 Index stopping technique Taiko 178 horns 92, 98, 125, 128 Tam-tam 143–4 string instruments 7–8, 45, 61 Tam-tam sounds 222 Straight cornett 138 Tambourin 170, 173 Straight mute 125 Tambourine 173 Strauss, Richard xvi, 48, 80, 90, 106, 109, 112, Tambourine without jingles 174 180, 250, 303–4, 446, 448–52, 459, 487, tangent 246 488 tango 136 Stravinsky, Igor xvi, 91, 112, 169, 360–2, Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilyich xvi, 75, 245, 271–2, 363–4, 377, 388, 487, 564–9, 570–4 273–4, 293–4, 326–7, 328–9, 330–1, striking the instrument 134 332–3, 377, 387–8, 389–90, 391–3, String drum 179 431–433, 488, 489, 490–4, 495–6, String instruments xx, 3–70, 635 497–9, 500–2, 503–7, 511 strings of the Telemann, Georg Philipp 75 guitar 224 Temple blocks 156 harp 195–6 Tenor-bass trombone 106 historical string instruments 67–70 Tenor bassoon 85 modern string instruments 3–6 Tenor drum 171 other plucked instruments 226–9 Tenor flugelhorn 99 piano 230 Tenor gamba 69 Struck shakers 165 Tenor horn 99 structural modifications on the instruments Tenor trombone 105 135 Tenor trough xylophone 148 sub-octave coupler 248 Tenor tuba in B 109 sul ponticello 36–7 Tenor viol 68 sul tasto 36 Tenor Wagner tuba 111–12 sulla tastiera 36 Tenoroon 85 super-octave coupler 248 Theorbo 228 supporting framework (organ) 249 Theorbocittern 229 sur la touche36´ Theremin 633 Suspended cymbal 141–2 Thomas, Ambroise 488 sustained sounds/tones → Pedal Thread drum 179 sounds/tones Thumb position/fingering 8, 20, Swell 248, 249 27–9 swell shades 248 Cello 8, 20, 27–9, 55 swish 160, 172 Double bass 56, 57 Swiss cowbells 157–8 Thumb roll 174 switches 140 Thumb tremolo 207 symbols of Thunder effect 165, 208 beaters 192–4 Thunder sheet 165 the percussion instruments 188–91 Timbales 176 sympathetic vibrations 134, 143, 172, 244 Timbales sticks 176 Synthesizer 634 Timbral tremolo 129 Timbral trill 130 Tabla 176 timbre 71, 89 Tablature 37, 67, 134, 156, 181, 182–3, 187, Timbre modulation 59 243 Timpani 167–70 Tabor 170 Timpanic sounds 223

Index 655 Tom-tom set 177 homogeneous 498, 530–1, 551–2 Tom-toms 176–8 homophonic 551 Tongue pizzicato 134 melodic 551 Tongue ram 134 polyphonic 551 Tongue stop 134 unisono 551 tonguing 120–2 Toy horn 181 Ukulele 227 Toy trumpet 181 una corda pedal 231 transposition 71–3, 88, 93 Unda maris 250 Tremolo undulating tremolo 37 harp 201, 207, 218, 222, 226 Unison tremolo 129–30 percussion instruments →individual Unisono 32, 118 percussion instruments, chapter 3 Unisono tutti 551 piano 232, 234, 241 unmixed colors →colors string instruments 33–5, 45, 62, up-bow 9 64 upright piano 230, 231 wind instruments 122–3, 129, 130, 134 Valve horn 96–8 Tremolo eolien´ 207 Valve trombone 107 Triangle 154 Verrophone 158 trigger valve 105 Vertical glissando 237–9 Trill Vibrant sounds 215 harp 201 Vibraphone 152–3 percussion instruments 146–7, 184 Vibra-slap 165 piano 232 Vibrato string instruments 33, 62, 64 string instruments 32–3 wind instruments 122, 129, 130 wind instruments 122 Triple horn 96, 98 Viol family / instruments: triple stop →multiple stops Viola 3–8 triple-tonguing 121 Viola Trumpets bastarda 69 in C-B-A 101–2 d’amore 69 in F-E 102 da braccio 68–9 Tubas 108–11 da gamba 67–9 bass tuba da spalla 68 Wagner tubas di bardone 69 Tubaphone 154–5 di bordone 69 Tubular bells 155 paradon 69 Tubular wood block 157 pomposa 68 Tumba 175 Violetta 68 tuning key effects 220–1 Violin 3–8 tuning pin effects 221–2 Violino piccolo 68 tuning pin glissando 211 Violoncello →cello Turkish cymbal 141, 143, 160 Violoncello piccolo 69 tutti Violono pomposo 68 chorale 551 Virginal 246 harmonic 551 vocal effects 130–1, 133 heterogeneous 498, 531–2, 552 Vox coelestis 250

656 Index Wagner, Richard xvi, xvii, 84, 90, 93, 103, wind chests 248 106, 108, 111–12, 113, 297–300, 338–40, Wind instruments xx, 71–138, 635–7 399, 430, 437–43, 451, 454, 488, 515–20, Wind machine 180 614 Wood barrel 157 Wagner horns →Wagner tubas Wood blocks 156 Wagner tubas 108, 109, 111–12 Wood chimes 164 Watergong 144 wooden mallet instruments 146–50 Wa-wa effect 126, 133 Wood-headed drum 157 Wa-wa mute 126 Woodwind instruments 74–87, 635–6 Webern, Anton von xvi, 92, 368–9, 579, Wurfbogen 18 582–7 Whip 159 Xyloflux 203, 205–6 Whispa mute 126 Xyloharmonic sounds 216–17 Whisper tones 127 Xylomarimba 150 Whistle tones 127 Xylophone 147–8 Whistles 180 Xylophonic sounds 214 Whistling sounds 208–10 Xylophonic sounds “a la guitarra” White cornett 138 214 whole-tube instruments 88 Wieniawsky, Henryk 15 Zither 227–8