Delays decreased in August 2012, with airline delay data for all causes showing an average delay per delayed flight of 25 minutes, this was a decrease of 9.8% in comparison to the delays observed in August 2011. This was the best August punctuality of recent years.

Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

FOREWORD

This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines. The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex 1. Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time. This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

Table of Contents

1. Headlines and Overview...... 3 2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary ...... 6 3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary ...... 10 4. Summary of Significant Events in July 2012...... 12 5. Scheduling Indicators...... 12 A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators...... 15 B. Busiest Airport pairs ...... 16 C. All-causes departure delay by hour...... 17 D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports ...... 18 E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ...... 19 F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)...... 20 G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731) ...... 22 H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation ...... 23 I. August 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region...... 24

© 2012 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and to the extent justified by the non-commercial use (not for sale). The information in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL. The use of this document is at the user’s sole risk and responsibility. EUROCONTROL expressly disclaims any and all warranties with respect to any content within the document, express or implied.

Central Office for Delay Analysis EUROCONTROL 96 Rue de la Fusée B - 1130 Brussels

The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : [email protected] Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda

Date of publication of this issue: 10/10/2012

EUROCONTROL 2 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

1. Headlines and Overview.

August 2012 saw a reduction in all causes of delay when compared to August 2011. Airport delays saw small increases following delays in Brussels as a result of works in progress, an airline strike on the 31st August affected Frankfurt with the airport seeing delays to parking stand unavailability. Amsterdam Schiphol experienced delays due to a historical bomb disposal on the 29th. Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airports.  The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic as well as for arrival traffic decreased respectively by 2.8 and 2.5 minutes  The percentage of flights delayed (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 3.8 percentage points for departures and 4.4 percentage points for arrivals.

Figure 1. Average Delay per Delayed Departure and Percentage of Delayed Departures Comparison

Figure 2. Average Delay per Delayed Arrival and Percentage of Delayed Arrivals Comparison

EUROCONTROL 3 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

Analysis of the delay causes contributing to the August 2012 average delay per flight of 8.5 minutes (Figure 3) shows a decrease in the contribution of reactionary delay, this was down from 4.6 to 3.58 minutes per flight. ATFM en-route related delays decreased to 0.45 minutes per flight from 0.96 minutes per flight in August 2011. Note: IATA Delay Code 19 (Passengers with Reduced Mobility) is included in airline grouping

Figure 3. Primary delay causes, August 2011 vs. August 2012

Figure 4. Primary delay causes, August 2012

EUROCONTROL 4 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

Figure 5. ATFM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay.

Looking further into the history of the ATFM proportion of primary delay (Figure 5), the en-route percentage share of the total primary delay minutes was 9.7%, this was the lowest share noted since August 2008. The share of ATFM airport delay increased by 2 percentage points, however ATFCM Airport delay minutes fell by 2% (Figure 4).

EUROCONTROL 5 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary 1

The average delay per flight from all causes of delay decreased compared to August 2011 by 24% to 8.5 minutes per flight (Figure 6). In August 2012, 45% of flights departed within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time. Flights departing >5 minutes ahead of schedule increased by 2 points to 17% (Figure 7)

Figure 6. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 7. All-Causes Departure Punctuality 2011 vs. 2012

1A flight is considered delayed as from 5 minutes. The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

EUROCONTROL 6 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

Figure 8. Long departure delays >120 minutes

Figure 9. Primary and reactionary all-cause delay, by IATA code (%)

Figure 9 shows that: Reactionary delay and Technical and Aircraft Equipment saw a decrease in its contribution to the average delay per flight in minutes but their share of delay remained at the similar as previous year. The ATFM En-Route Demand/Capacity delay in minutes as well as it share dropped compared to August 2011 (0.42 minutes and 3%).

EUROCONTROL 7 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

The link from these categories to IATA codes is summarised in Figure 17.

Figure 10. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports August 2012

Average Delay Per Average Average Flight Percentage ICAO delay per Delay per Rank Departure airport Percentage Delayed Code departure Delayed Change Departures (mins) Departure (vs. Aug 2011) 1 LISBOA LPPT 20.0 8% 31.5 63.4% 2 MANCHESTER EGCC 14.4 14% 33.5 42.9% 3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 12.5 -3% 25.9 48.2% 4 PORTO LPPR 11.9 3% 27.9 42.6% 5 MALAGA LEMG 11.7 -3% 28.5 40.9% 6 ALICANTE LEAL 11.3 -10% 26.6 42.4% 7 LEIB 11.2 -19% 27.9 40.3% PALMA DE 8 LEPA 11.2 -38% 26.4 42.5% PARIS CH DE 9 LFPG 10.8 -20% 22.2 48.5% GAULLE 10 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 10.7 -28% 27.6 38.6% BRUSSELS 11 EBBR 10.3 -4% 29.2 35.3% NATIONAL 12 BARCELONA LEBL 10.2 -10% 28.6 35.6% 13 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 10.1 -29% 21.4 47.4% 14 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 10.1 -44% 23.7 42.6% 15 NICE LFMN 10.1 -18% 24.6 41.0% 16 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 10.0 6% 23.7 42.4% 17 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 9.9 5% 25.5 38.7% 18 ANTALYA LTAI 9.7 -17% 28.0 34.8% 19 GLASGOW EGPF 9.5 -6% 32.0 29.7% FERIHEGY- 20 LHBP 9.4 -17% 26.8 35.1% BUDAPEST

Figure 11. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports

Lisbon Airport noted the highest departure delay, where Porto, Malaga and Ibiza Airport suffered the most from reactionary delays and Paris Charles De Gaulle noted the highest share of airline delay.

EUROCONTROL 8 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

Figure 12. All-Causes delay situation for the 20 most affected airport pairs August 2012

Average Delay Per Average Average Flight Percentage delay per delay per Rank Departure airport Arrival airport Percentage delayed Departure delayed Change Departures (mins) Departure (vs. Aug 2011) AEROPORTO DA 1 LISBOA 22.3 12% 37.2 60.0% MADEIRA 2 LISBOA BARCELONA 19.9 11% 36.0 55.4% 3 LONDON/HEATHROW LISBOA 19.3 6% 33.5 57.7% 4 LISBOA LONDON/HEATHROW 19.3 2% 28.8 66.9% 5 MALAGA LONDON/GATWICK 18.8 -8% 28.6 65.9% 6 LISBOA MADRID BARAJAS 17.9 7% 28.4 63.1% AEROPORTO DA 7 LISBOA 17.5 78% 38.8 45.1% MADEIRA 8 BARCELONA LISBOA 17.3 28% 40.6 42.7% 9 LISBOA PORTO 16.7 -2% 26.6 62.9% PALMA DE 10 LONDON/GATWICK 16.3 -47% 26.2 62.3% MALLORCA 11 NEW YORK LONDON/HEATHROW 15.7 -38% 32.1 48.9% 12 IBIZA BARCELONA 15.3 32% 32.2 47.3% 13 FARO LONDON/GATWICK 15.1 17% 26.1 57.8% 14 MALAGA BARCELONA 14.6 1% 35.2 41.5% 15 LONDON/GATWICK MALAGA 14.6 13% 27.6 52.8% 16 ROME FIUMICINO MADRID BARAJAS 14.2 -38% 24.4 58.1% PARIS CH DE 17 MADRID BARAJAS 13.8 -5% 25.6 53.8% GAULLE 18 IBIZA MADRID BARAJAS 13.6 -44% 32.7 41.6% 19 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 13.5 6% 26.8 50.5% 20 BARCELONA MADRID BARAJAS 13.5 -14% 29.2 46.1%

The Top 20 Most-Affected Airport Pairs shows that flights from and to Lisboa Airport suffered from weather conditions affecting departure (Figure 11) and arrival traffic (Figure 16).

EUROCONTROL 9 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary 2

The average delay per flight on arrival from all causes decreased from 10.1 to 8.0 minutes per flight, see Figure 13. Regarding arrival punctuality, 26% of flights arrived on time (less than 5 minutes before or after the scheduled arrival time). The percentage of flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule was 11%, this was a slight increase compared to August 2011.

Figure 13. Average delay per flight (all-Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 14. All-Causes arrival punctuality 2011 vs. 2012

2 The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

EUROCONTROL 10 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

Figure 15. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports August 2012 Average Average Delay per Average Delay Flight Delay Percentage ICAO Rank Arrival Airport per Percentage per Delayed Code Arrival Change Delayed Arrivals (mins) (vs. Aug Arrival 2011) 1 LISBOA LPPT 18.1 15% 31.2 58.1% 2 MANCHESTER EGCC 15.7 12% 43.8 35.9% 3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 13.1 2% 32.7 40.0% 4 PORTO LPPR 12.2 8% 28.1 43.5% 5 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 12.0 -46% 25.4 47.4% 6 BRUSSELS NATIONAL EBBR 10.6 4% 32.7 32.3% 7 DUBLIN EIDW 10.5 6% 31.5 33.3% 8 IBIZA LEIB 10.4 -14% 27.1 38.4% 9 BARCELONA LEBL 10.1 -17% 28.7 35.3% 10 MALAGA LEMG 10.1 -1% 26.8 37.9% 11 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 9.9 -7% 24.6 40.2% 12 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 9.6 -23% 34.8 27.5% 13 ANTALYA LTAI 9.4 -29% 27.5 34.2% 14 FERIHEGY-BUDAPEST LHBP 9.3 -10% 35.5 26.3% 15 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 9.2 -8% 31.2 29.5% 16 PALMA DE MALLORCA LEPA 9.2 -33% 27.4 33.6% 17 FARO LPFR 9.0 -4% 22.9 39.5% 18 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 8.8 -5% 26.7 32.8% 19 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 8.7 -11% 27.7 31.3% SCHIPHOL 20 EHAM 8.6 -8% 31.6 27.2% AMSTERDAM

Figure 16. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports

When analysing the Top 20 affected arrival airports; Lisboa saw a 18 minute average delay per flight. A high share of reactionary delay is observed at Lisboa, Manchester, Gatwick and Barcelona airports. The share of airline-related delays was the highest at Malaga airport (Figure 16).

EUROCONTROL 11 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

Figure 17. Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes. IATA CODA CAUSE Description Code Passenger and Baggage 11‐19 Cargo and Mail 21‐29 Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31‐39 Airline Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41‐49 Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51‐58 Flight Operations and Crewing 61‐69 Other Airline Related Causes Others Causes ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83 Airport Facilities 87

Delay Airport Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89

Primary ATFM due to ATC En‐Route Demand / Capacity 81 En‐Route ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En‐Route 82 Governmental Security and Immigration 85‐86 Weather (other than ATFM) 71‐79 Weather ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98‐99 Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91‐96

4. Summary of Significant Events in August 2012.

 Airline strike on the 31st August affecting Frankfurt  Amsterdam Schiphol experienced delays due to a historical bomb disposal on the 29th  Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airports.

EUROCONTROL 12 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

5. Scheduling Indicators

Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival, they cause reactionary delays.

The first of the new CODA Scheduling indicators is the Block Time Overshoot (BTO). This indicator describes the percentage of flights with an actual block time that exceeds the scheduled block time. In August 2012 the BTO decreased by 2 points to 25% when compared to August 2011. This indicates that fewer flights had an actual block time exceeding the scheduled block time.

Figure 18. Block Time Overshoot (BTO).

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The second of the new indicators is the Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F). This shows the difference between arrival and departure punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes. The DDI-F on European flights in August 2012 dropped by 0.7 minutes to -4.3 minutes as compared to August 2011.

Figure 18. Delay Difference Indicator – Flight (DDI-F)

EUROCONTROL 14 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators

This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 61% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in August 2012.

Figure 19. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 20. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 21. Percentage of flights delayed > 15mins for all-Causes (departures left, arrivals right)

EUROCONTROL 15 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

B. Busiest Airport pairs

Figure 22. Busiest airport pairs for flights in August 2012

Change Flights/Day since Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport AUG12 AUG11 (%)

IZMIR-ADNAN- 1 ISTANBUL-ATATURK 64.4 15% MENDERES 2 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANTALYA 49.4 2% 3 PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 47.2 -7% 4 BERGEN/FLESLAND OSLO/GARDERMOEN 43.9 -1% 5 TRONDHEIM/VAERNES OSLO/GARDERMOEN 43.6 2% 6 STAVANGER/SOLA OSLO/GARDERMOEN 41.0 5% 7 NICE PARIS ORLY 40.7 1% 8 FRANKFURT MAIN TEGEL-BERLIN 40.2 3% 9 GUERNSEY JERSEY 39.0 -10% PALMA DE 10 MADRID BARAJAS 38.2 -13% MALLORCA 11 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 37.9 8% CATANIA 12 ROME FIUMICINO 37.6 -12% FONTANAROSSA 13 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 37.5 15% SCHIPHOL 14 LONDON/HEATHROW 37.4 7% AMSTERDAM 15 MADRID BARAJAS BARCELONA 37.4 -28% 16 FRANKFURT MAIN LONDON/HEATHROW 36.5 6% 17 LONDON/HEATHROW DUBLIN 36.3 2% 18 HAMBURG MUENCHEN 2 35.5 -4% 19 DUESSELDORF MUENCHEN 2 34.8 0% 20 ISTANBUL-ATATURK MILAS/BODRUM 34.1 1%

In August 2012 there were 1.2% fewer flights in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA) than in August 2011. Istanbul to Izmir is the busiest airport pairing in August, with an increase of 15%. Flights from Heathrow to New York increased by 15%, where flights from Madrid to Barcelona decreased by 28%.

EUROCONTROL 16 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

C. All-causes departure delay by hour

This annex summarises the all-cause delay by hour of the day and major causes.

Figure 23. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day August 2012.

Figure 24. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day August 2011.

EUROCONTROL 17 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports

For airports with an average of more than 70 departures a day, this annex summarises the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) on departure and percentage of flights delayed (PDF) on departure in the month.

Figure 25. ADD vs. PDF August 2012 (2012 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

Figure 26. ADD vs. PDF August 2011 (2011 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

EUROCONTROL 18 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Delay Parameter Abbreviations

TTF Total Flights TRF Total Regulated Flights TDF Total Delayed Flights PRF Percentage of Regulated Flights PDF Percentage of Delayed Flights TDM Total Delay in Minutes

ADM Average Delay per Movement ADR Average Delay per Regulated Flight ADD Average Delay per Delayed Flight

Glossary of Terms

ACC Area Control Centre

AEA Association of European Airlines

AHM Airport Handling Manual

ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes)

ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function)

ATS Air Traffic Services

BTO Block Time Overshoot

CODA Central Office for Delay Analysis

DDI-F Delay Difference Indicator - Flight

DNM Directorate Network Management

NMOC NM Operations Centre (Network Manager)

ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference

FDPS Flight Data Processing System

FMP Flow Management Position

IACA International Air Carrier Association

IATA International Air Transport Association

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F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)

Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility.

Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest, etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing, collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage, contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM

EUROCONTROL 20 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary

Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area 83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION

AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather3, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical

Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOURCE: IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)

3 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)

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G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)

73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS

81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY

82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT

83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW R OTHER

87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS Y RAMP CONGESTION X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM H LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT

89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather. Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U ATC DUE TO DE-ICING T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER

93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS

EUROCONTROL 22 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation

Delay Cause

IATA

RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE DEMAND/CAPACITY ENROUTE to ATC due ATFM AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE ENROUTE STAFF/EQUIPMENT to ATC due ATFM AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM DEMAND/CAPACITY ENROUTE to ATC due ATFM RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE ENROUTE STAFF/EQUIPMENT to ATC due ATFM AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE ENROUTE STAFF/EQUIPMENT to ATC due ATFM AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM AIRPORT FACILITIES AIRPORT FACILITIES RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT FACILITIES AIRPORT FACILITIES INDUSTRIAL ACTIONOUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE INDUSTRIAL ACTIONOUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE ENROUTE STAFF/EQUIPMENT to ATC due ATFM AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WEATHERALTERNATE EN ROUTEOR DESTINATION AT to WEATHER due ATFM RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE DEMAND/CAPACITY ENROUTE to ATC due ATFM AIRPORT AT DESTINATION to RESTRICTION due ATFM

9 98 82 89 82 89 81 83 81 98 89 73 84 89 83 89 83 89 82 83 89 83 89 83 87 83 89 83 82 8 81 87 87 83 CODE

e s i

o N De-icing Example

Security alert Firemen's strike Firemen's Controller's strike Controller's Brilliant Invader; ODAX

Radar failure, RTF failure Phasing in of new procedures new of in Phasing Demand exceeds the capacity RWY23 closed dueto accident Runwayor taxiway lightingfailure Illness, traffic delays on the highway X winds visibility; low Thunderstorm;

demand exceeds the declared airport capacity European football cup; Heads of Government meetings Government of Heads cup; football European 89

CFMU E A E E E E E E E D Lack of parking; taxiway closure; areas closed for maintenance; 87 D D D D D Location

Regulation

ID I IA TD T TA SD S SA A AA E EA P VD VA CD C CA R D N NA G G OD O OA MD M MA PA WD W WA CORRELATION BETWEEN IATA DELAY CODES AND THE CFMU REASONSREGULATIONCORRELATIONCFMU FOR BETWEENANDTHE IATA DELAY CODES

CODE

Other De-Icing Weather Regulation Reason for for Reason

ATC Staffing ATC capacity ATC Special Event Military activity Military ATC Ind action Ind ATC ATC equipment Accident / Incident Ind Action non-ATC Aerodrome capacity Aerodrome Equipment non-ATC Environmental issues Environmental ATC Routeings ATC

EUROCONTROL 23 CODA Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe August 2012

I. August 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region.

EUROCONTROL 24 CODA