Persia & the Silk Road
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Proposal to Encode the 'Fravahar' Symbol in Unicode
L2/15-099 2015-03-30 Proposal to Encode the ‘Fravahar’ Symbol in Unicode Anshuman Pandey Department of Linguistics University of Californa, Berkeley Berkeley, California, U.S.A. [email protected] March 30, 2015 1 Introduction This is a proposal to encode a symbol associated with Zoroastrianism and the cultural legacy of Iran in Unicode. The character is proposed for inclusion in the block ‘Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs’ (U+1F300). Basic details of the character are as follows: glyph code point character name U+1F9xx FRAVAHAR The representative glyph is derived from an image available on Wikimedia Commons, which was released into the public domain: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Faravahar-Gold.svg. The actual code point will be determined if the proposal is approved. 2 Background In the proposal “Emoji Additions” (L2/14-174), authored by Mark Davis and Peter Edberg, five ‘religious symbols and structures’ among symbols of other categories were proposed for inclusion as part of the Emoji collection in Unicode. Shervin Afshar and Roozbeh Pournader proposed related symbols in “Emoji and Symbol Additions – Religious Symbols and Structures” (L2/14-235). These characters were approved for inclusion in the standard by the UTC in January 2015. No mention was made of symbols associated with Zoroastrianism, but these do exist. This proposal seeks to encode the , one of the most important and recognizable of Zoroastrian symbols. Encoding the in Unicode will enable Zoroastrians worldwide to represent a motif of their religious tradition on digital platforms on par with adherents of other religions. 1 Proposal to Encode the ‘Fravahar’ Symbol in Unicode Anshuman Pandey 3 Description The symbol proposed here is commonly known as fravahar in the Zoroastrian community in Iran and the Parsi community in India (Zoroastrians in India are commonly known as ‘Parsi’). -
A Program of the Stanford Alumni Association March 17 to April 1, 2019
STANFORD TRAVEL/STUDY JUDITH KEYANI, IRAN, 2016 MOSQUES AND MONUMENTS OF PERSIA March 17 to April 1, 2019 a program of the stanford alumni association Few countries in the world spark the imagination—or create misconceptions—in the minds of Americans as does Iran. In the past 10 years, Stanford has led scores of educational travelers to this cultural and historical gem, and time and again, they return with stories of the country’s amazing sights and of the Iranian people’s incredible warmth and hospitality. “Eye-opening,” “extraordinary,” “humbling” and “not to be missed” are just some of the glowing terms Stanford travelers have used to describe this exceptional destination. Join us and faculty leader Ali Yaycioğlu as we delve deep into a country that is at once full of—and ever on the verge of making—history. BRETT S. THOMPSON, ’83, DIRECTOR, STANFORD TRAVEL/STUDY Highlights VIEW priceless archaeo- STROLL through PONDER the past logical treasures, including peaceful gardens where amid the ruins of legend- the Iranian crown jewels Sufi poets meditated in ary Persepolis, Darius I’s and a collection of rare medieval times, and marvel ceremonial capital and one miniatures, in the museums at the tiled mosques and of the best-preserved sites of Tehran. squares of Isfahan. remaining from the ancient world. COVER: ISFAHAN SHEIKH LOTFOLLAH MOSQUE, ISFAHAN Faculty Leader ALI YAYCIOG˘ LU was born and raised in Ankara, Turkey. His fields of interest include the transformation of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries. His books and articles focus on the restructuring of economic, political and legal institutions and practices as well as ideas about social order, life and death in this transformative period. -
Later Mughals;
1 liiu} ijji • iiiiiiimmiiiii ii i] I " • 1 1 -i in fliiiiiiii LATER MUGHALS WILLIAM IRVINE, i.c.s. (ret.), Author of Storia do Mogor, Army of the Indian Moguls, &c. Edited and Augmented with The History of Nadir Shah's Invasion By JADUNATH SARKAR, i.e.s., Author of History of Aurangzib, Shivaji and His Times, Studies in Mughal India, &c. Vol. II 1719—1739 Calcutta, M. C. SARKAR & SONS, 1922. Published by C. Sarkar o/ M. C. Sarkar & Sons 90 /2A, Harrison Road, Calcutta. Copyright of Introductory Memoir and Chapters XI—XIII reserved by Jadunath Sarkar and of the rest of the book by Mrs. Margaret L. Seymour, 195, Goldhurst Terrace, London. Printer : S. C. MAZUMDAR SRI GOURANGA PRESS 71/1, Mirzapur Street, Calcutta. 1189/21. CONTENTS Chapter VI. Muhammad Shah : Tutelage under the Sayyids ... 1—101 Roshan Akhtar enthroned as Md. Shah, 1 —peace made with Jai Singh, 4—campaign against Bundi, 5—Chabela Ram revolts, 6—dies, 8—Girdhar Bahadur rebels at Allahabad, 8—fights Haidar Quli, 11 —submits, 15—Nizam sent to Malwa, 17—Sayyid brothers send Dilawar Ali against him, 19— Nizam occupies Asirgarh and Burhanpur, 23—battle with Dilawar Ali at Pandhar, 28—another account of the battle, 32—Emperor's letter to Nizam, 35—plots of Sayyids against Md. Amin Khan, 37—Alim Ali marches against Nizam, 40—his preparations, 43—Nizam's replies to Court, 45—Alim Ali defeated at Balapur, 47—Emperor taken towards Dakhin, 53—plot of Md. Amin against Sayyid Husain Ali, 55—Husain Ali murdered by Haidar Beg, 60—his camp plundered, 61 —his men attack Emperor's tents, 63—Emperor's return towards Agra, 68—letters between Md. -
Persianism in Antiquity
Oriens et Occidens – Band 25 Franz Steiner Verlag Sonderdruck aus: Persianism in Antiquity Edited by Rolf Strootman and Miguel John Versluys Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2017 CONTENTS Acknowledgments . 7 Rolf Strootman & Miguel John Versluys From Culture to Concept: The Reception and Appropriation of Persia in Antiquity . 9 Part I: Persianization, Persomania, Perserie . 33 Albert de Jong Being Iranian in Antiquity (at Home and Abroad) . 35 Margaret C. Miller Quoting ‘Persia’ in Athens . 49 Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones ‘Open Sesame!’ Orientalist Fantasy and the Persian Court in Greek Art 430–330 BCE . 69 Omar Coloru Once were Persians: The Perception of Pre-Islamic Monuments in Iran from the 16th to the 19th Century . 87 Judith A. Lerner Ancient Persianisms in Nineteenth-Century Iran: The Revival of Persepolitan Imagery under the Qajars . 107 David Engels Is there a “Persian High Culture”? Critical Reflections on the Place of Ancient Iran in Oswald Spengler’s Philosophy of History . 121 Part II: The Hellenistic World . 145 Damien Agut-Labordère Persianism through Persianization: The Case of Ptolemaic Egypt . 147 Sonja Plischke Persianism under the early Seleukid Kings? The Royal Title ‘Great King’ . 163 Rolf Strootman Imperial Persianism: Seleukids, Arsakids and Fratarakā . 177 6 Contents Matthew Canepa Rival Images of Iranian Kingship and Persian Identity in Post-Achaemenid Western Asia . 201 Charlotte Lerouge-Cohen Persianism in the Kingdom of Pontic Kappadokia . The Genealogical Claims of the Mithridatids . 223 Bruno Jacobs Tradition oder Fiktion? Die „persischen“ Elemente in den Ausstattungs- programmen Antiochos’ I . von Kommagene . 235 Benedikt Eckhardt Memories of Persian Rule: Constructing History and Ideology in Hasmonean Judea . -
Mughal Warfare
1111 2 3 4 5111 Mughal Warfare 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Mughal Warfare offers a much-needed new survey of the military history 4 of Mughal India during the age of imperial splendour from 1500 to 1700. 5 Jos Gommans looks at warfare as an integrated aspect of pre-colonial Indian 6 society. 7 Based on a vast range of primary sources from Europe and India, this 8 thorough study explores the wider geo-political, cultural and institutional 9 context of the Mughal military. Gommans also details practical and tech- 20111 nological aspects of combat, such as gunpowder technologies and the 1 animals used in battle. His comparative analysis throws new light on much- 2 contested theories of gunpowder empires and the spread of the military 3 revolution. 4 As the first original analysis of Mughal warfare for almost a century, this 5 will make essential reading for military specialists, students of military history 6 and general Asian history. 7 8 Jos Gommans teaches Indian history at the Kern Institute of Leiden 9 University in the Netherlands. His previous publications include The Rise 30111 of the Indo-Afghan Empire, 1710–1780 (1995) as well as numerous articles 1 on the medieval and early modern history of South Asia. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 1111 Warfare and History 2 General Editor 3 Jeremy Black 4 Professor of History, University of Exeter 5 6 Air Power in the Age of Total War The Soviet Military Experience 7 John Buckley Roger R. -
Iranian-Tour-Details
10 days / 9 nights Starting from $1450.00 per person based on double occupancy $550 single supplement Day one Leave United States for your flight to Shiraz Day two: Shiraz Arrive to Shiraz. Our guide is waiting to greet and transfer you to your hotel where you sill stay overnight in Shiraz. Day three: Shiraz The first full tour day begins an educational adventure led by our Group Leader. First we will visit the beautiful Narenjestan Garden, circa 1257 CS, which features a richly decorated pavilion set among graceful trees. Next, we’ll walk to the Vakil Bazaar - one of the finest and most important bazaars of historical Iran, established in the 11th century CE. The next visit is to the Tomb of Hafez, Iran’s greatest lyric poet, followed by the Tomb of Sa’adi whose poems and tales are still known to every Iranian. After that, we will journey to the downtown part of the city to the Arg-E Karim (Karim Khan Citadel). It was named after a king of the 18th century Zand Dynasty, who made this city his capital. You will learn the history of the citadel, King Karim Khan and the dynasty. Finally, we will enjoy the shining domes ov Ali Ebn- e Hamze and Holy Shrine of Shah Cheragh. You will spend the night in your hotel in Shiraz. Day four: Shiraz – Persepolis – Pasargadae – Yazd Once we check out of the hotel, we will take a vehicle to Yazd, one of the most distinctive cities in Iran, renowned for its Persian architecture. Along the way, we will visit Persepolis in the heart of the fabled Persian Empire. -
Desert Utopia: the Hidden Unity of Iranian Architecture Conceptualization Behind the Making of a Documentary Film
American International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 2; April 2018 Desert Utopia: The Hidden Unity of Iranian Architecture Conceptualization behind the Making of a Documentary Film Khosrow Bozorgi Professor of Architecture and Urban Design Director, Center for Middle Eastern Architecture and Culture College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma United States of America NARRATIVE Desert Utopia will examine the history of architecture in three desert cities in Iran, exploring unique aspects of the built environment that enabled people to flourish in one of the world’s harshest climates. Although the film will focus on the history of Iranian desert architecture spanning thousands of years, this project is nevertheless timely for today’s American audiences. Due to concerns about global environmental change, sustainable building techniques have emerged as a topic of increasing interest over the past two decades. This interest encompasses themes such as the use of local building materials, creative ways to minimize water use (and water waste), and ways to reduce the amount of energy spent on heating and cooling. Furthermore, the geopolitics of the last two decades also have piqued Americans’ curiosity about the Middle East, especially Iran, but for many people, their knowledge about this part of the world is spotty or even misinformed. Desert Utopia is therefore a film that comes at the right time: It will help satisfy Americans’ curiosity about environmentally sound architecture while filling some of the gaps in their knowledge about Iranian culture and history. However, Desert Utopia is more than simply a film about sustainable architecture in Iranian history. -
Day 1: Flight from Your Home Country to Tehran
Day 1: Flight from your home country to Tehran We prepare ourselves for a fabulous trip to Great Persia. Arrival to Tehran, after custom formality, meet and assist at airport and transfer to the Hotel. O/N: Tehran Day 2: Tehran After breakfast, full day visit Tehran: Niyavaran Palace, Imamzadeh Saleh & Tajrish Bazaar O/N: Tehran The Niavaran Complex is a historical complex situated in Shemiran, Tehran (Greater Tehran), Iran. It consists of several buildings and monuments built in the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. The complex traces its origin to a garden in Niavaran region, which was used as a summer residence by Fath-Ali Shah of the Qajar Dynasty. A pavilion was built in the garden by the order of Naser ed Din Shah of the same dynasty, which was originally referred to as Niavaran House, and was later renamed Saheb Qaranie House. The pavilion of Ahmad Shah Qajar was built in the late Qajar period.During the reign of the Pahlavi Dynasty, a modern built mansion named Niavaran House was built for the imperial family of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. All of the peripheral buildings of the Saheb Qaranie House, with the exception of the Ahmad Shahi Pavilion, were demolished, and the buildings and structures of the present-day complex were built to the north of the Saheb Qaranie House. In the Pahlavi period, the Ahmad Shahi Pavilion served as an exhibition area for the presents from world eaders to the Iranian monarchs. Imamzadeh Saleh is one of many imamzadeh mosques in Iran. The mosque is located at Tajrish Square in Tehran's northern Shemiran district. -
The Investigation of Yazd Khan Bazaar with Emphasis on Bazaar Status in Eastern, Western and Islamic Thoughts
DOI 10.47176/kurmanj.3.2.1 Original Article KURMANJ, 2021; 3(2): 1-13 S RPH The Investigation of Yazd Khan Bazaar with Emphasis on Bazaar Status in Eastern, Western and Islamic Thoughts Elham Sharifian1, Sahar Saadat*2 and Maryam Rajabi 3 1,2,3 Master of Urban Design, Faculty ABSTRACT of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Iran. Trade as the most important form of social exchange is one of the main activities of human beings. An activity that has led to construction of special spaces and *Corresponding Author: places called "Bazaar" in various forms, and also Islamic cities are recognized by the bazaar from all cities of different historical periods. Therefore, the purpose of [email protected] this article is to analyze the bazaar element in Yazd as an example of Iranian- Received: 15 January, 2021 Islamic cities. The method used in the above research is descriptive and survey. at Accepted: 23 March, 2021 first, the different utopias of Western thinkers and also ten Islamic cities, Published: 04 April, 2021 randomly inside and outside Iran(instead of eastern utopias) were selected based on age and reputation. They were examined and their indicators of bazaars were extracted. Finally, according to extracted indicators of bazaars in western and Islamic cities, the degree of conformity of Yazd Khan Bazaar with the bazaar of Western and Islamic thinkers was examined. The research shows that the bazaar element, in some cities such as Yazd, still plays a role as the main feature of the city and has the appropriate physical and social credibility. -
6 Day Mashhad & Neyshabur
6 DAY MASHHAD & NEYSHABUR 6 Day – 5 Night Type: Historical/Caltural/Discovery HIGHLIGHTS The holy shrine of Imam Reza, and Goharshad mosque a great sample of Islamic architecture Neyshabur city, visiting Attar and Kamal-ol-molk tomb and buying Turquoise Tous city and Ferdowsi tomb, the poet of Shahnameh Shandiz and Torghabeh, the country sides and experiencing delicious Shishlik kebab Special souveniers of Mashhad like: Saffron and Barberry Visit Mashhad the city of Ferdowsi, the famous Iranian poet of "Shah Nameh" and Imam Reza the eight Imam of Shia Muslims. Visit ancient places like museums, domes, mausoleums and the shrine. Bargain in the bazaars and take a wide variety of traditional hand crafts, precious stones and Saffron as souvenirs. Savor flavorful and delicious Persian cuisine. Go to the northeast of Iran, A major oasis along the ancient Silk Road, where Kashmar rug a type of Persian rug is indigenous to this region. Visit the city of Ferdowsi, the Iranian poet of "Shah Nameh", which is considered to be the national epic of Iran. The hometown of some of the most significant Iranian literary figures and artists, Mohammadreza Shajarian and Akhavan sales. The city is most famous and revered for housing the tomb of Imam Reza the eighth Imam of Shia. Benefit from the proximity of the mountains, cool winters, pleasant springs, mild summers, and beautiful autumns. Rich in souvenir; dry fruits, salted nuts, Saffron, Iranian sweets like "Gaz" and "Sohaan", precious stones like agates, turquoise, intricately designed silver jewelry studded with rubies and emeralds, eighteen carat gold jewelry, perfumes, religious souvenirs, Trench coats, Scarves, Termeh, carpets and Rugs. -
Culture of Shiraz
1 AKPIA @ MIT - Studies on ARCHITECTURE, HISTORY & CULTURE History and the Production of the “Culture of Shiraz” Setrag Manoukian Introduction My research project at the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at MIT focused on the production of knowledge in contemporary Shiraz and in particular on some of the most visible products of this evolving concatenation: the buildings and public initiatives that mark the landscape of Shiraz today.1 These diverse products are constructed, presented, and interpreted mainly through the modality of history, which constitutes the main frame of reference to imagine the city and its place within the Iranian nation. Public history The Islamic Republic, since its inception, has devoted many efforts to the control of public space. These efforts have been oriented toward mapping revolutionary discourse onto streets and squares through images, texts, and objects as well as toward conforming existing images, objects, and texts to what were perceived as the tenets of the new state.2 1 I spent January and February 2004 at AKPIA at MIT and found a lively intellectual community that helped me to sharpen my views. I wish to thank Nasser Rabbat, Heghnar Watenpaugh, and Susan Slyomovics for their insights. 2 For descriptions of revolutionary images, texts, and objects and their relevance in the construction of the revolutionary state see Michael M. J. Fischer and Mehdi Abedi, Debat- ing Muslims: Cultural Dialogues in Postmodernity and Tradition (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990) and more specifically Peter Chelkoswski and Hamid Dabashi, Staging a Revolution: The Art of Persuasion in the Islamic Republic of Iran (London: 2 A dispersed set of operations projected a forceful regime of signs, struc- turing a prescriptive field that regulates what can be made public. -
Flight from Your Home Country to Tehran Capital of IRAN
Day 1: Flight from your home country to Tehran capital of IRAN Day 2: Tehran Arrivals in Tehran International Airport, meet and assist at airport and transfer to the hotel. Afternoon: visiting Niavaran Palace and Bazaar e Tajrish and Enanzadeh Saleh mausoleum. O/N: Tehran. The Niavaran Complex is a historical complex situated in Shemiran, Tehran (Greater Tehran), Iran. It consists of several buildings and monuments built in the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. The complex traces its origin to a garden in Niavaran region, which was used as a summer residence by Fath-Ali Shah of the Qajar Dynasty. A pavilion was built in the garden by the order of Naser ed Din Shah of the same dynasty, which was originally referred to as Niavaran House, and was later renamed Saheb Qaranie House. The pavilion of Ahmad Shah Qajar was built in the late Qajar period. During the reign of the Pahlavi Dynasty, a modern built mansion namedNiavaran House was built for the imperial family of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. All of the peripheral buildings of the Saheb Qaranie House, with the exception of the Ahmad Shahi Pavilion, were demolished, and the buildings and structures of the present-day complex were built to the north of the Saheb Qaranie House. In the Pahlavi period, the Ahmad Shahi Pavilion served as an exhibition area for the presents from world leaders to the Iranian monarchs. Im?mz?deh S?leh is one of many Im?mzadeh mosques in Iran. The mosque is located at Tajrish Square in Tehran's northern Shemiran district. The mosque entombs the remains of S?leh, a son of the Twelver Sh?‘ah Im?m, M?s? al-K?dhim, and is one of the most popular Sh?‘ah shrines in northern Tehran.