Chromium (Vi) Compounds
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Photocatalytic Performance of Cuxo/Tio2 Deposited by Hipims on Polyester Under Visible Light Leds: Oxidants, Ions Effect, and Reactive Oxygen Species Investigation
materials Article Photocatalytic Performance of CuxO/TiO2 Deposited by HiPIMS on Polyester under Visible Light LEDs: Oxidants, Ions Effect, and Reactive Oxygen Species Investigation Hichem Zeghioud 1 , Aymen Amine Assadi 2,*, Nabila Khellaf 3, Hayet Djelal 4, Abdeltif Amrane 2 and Sami Rtimi 5,* 1 Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; [email protected] 2 Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes CEDEX 7, France; [email protected] 3 Laboratory of Organic Synthesis-Modeling and Optimization of Chemical Processes, Badji Mokhtar University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; [email protected] 4 Ecole des Métiers de l’Environnement, Campus de Ker Lann, 35170 Bruz, France; [email protected] 5 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-LTP, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.A.); sami.rtimi@epfl.ch (S.R.) Received: 29 December 2018; Accepted: 22 January 2019; Published: 29 January 2019 Abstract: In the present study, we propose a new photocatalytic interface prepared by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), and investigated for the degradation of Reactive Green 12 (RG12) as target contaminant under visible light light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination. The CuxO/TiO2 nanoparticulate photocatalyst was sequentially sputtered on polyester (PES). The photocatalyst formulation was optimized by investigating the effect of different parameters such as the sputtering time of CuxO, the applied current, and the deposition mode (direct current magnetron sputtering, DCMS or HiPIMS). -
Working with Hazardous Chemicals
A Publication of Reliable Methods for the Preparation of Organic Compounds Working with Hazardous Chemicals The procedures in Organic Syntheses are intended for use only by persons with proper training in experimental organic chemistry. All hazardous materials should be handled using the standard procedures for work with chemicals described in references such as "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory" (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011; the full text can be accessed free of charge at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12654). All chemical waste should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. For general guidelines for the management of chemical waste, see Chapter 8 of Prudent Practices. In some articles in Organic Syntheses, chemical-specific hazards are highlighted in red “Caution Notes” within a procedure. It is important to recognize that the absence of a caution note does not imply that no significant hazards are associated with the chemicals involved in that procedure. Prior to performing a reaction, a thorough risk assessment should be carried out that includes a review of the potential hazards associated with each chemical and experimental operation on the scale that is planned for the procedure. Guidelines for carrying out a risk assessment and for analyzing the hazards associated with chemicals can be found in Chapter 4 of Prudent Practices. The procedures described in Organic Syntheses are provided as published and are conducted at one's own risk. Organic Syntheses, Inc., its Editors, and its Board of Directors do not warrant or guarantee the safety of individuals using these procedures and hereby disclaim any liability for any injuries or damages claimed to have resulted from or related in any way to the procedures herein. -
Sodium Chromate 10 Percent Section 1
Conforms to US OSHA Hazard Communication 29CFR1910.1200 SAFETY DATA SHEET Sodium Chromate 10 percent Section 1. Identification 1.1 Product identifier Product name : Sodium Chromate 10 percent Part no. : AR176, AR376 Validation date : 6/24/2020 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Material uses : Laboratory use Container type: Dispenser Pack AR176 // Sodium Chromate 10 percent // Artisan Grocott's Methenamine Silver Stain Kit // 65 mL and 115 mL AR376 // Sodium Chromate 10 percent // Artisan Grocott's Methenamine Silver Eosin Stain Kit // 65 mL and 115 mL Reference number: SDS056 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier/Manufacturer : Agilent Technologies, Inc. 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA Tel: +1 800 227 9770 Agilent Technologies Singapore (International) Pte Ltd. No. 1 Yishun Avenue 7 Singapore, 768923 Tel. (65) 6276 2622 Agilent Technologies Denmark ApS Produktionsvej 42 2600 Glostrup, Denmark Tel. +45 44 85 95 00 www.Agilent.com e-mail address of person : [email protected] responsible for this SDS 1.4 Emergency telephone number In case of emergency : CHEMTREC®: 1-800-424-9300 Section 2. Hazards identification 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture OSHA/HCS status : This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Classification of the substance or mixture Date of issue : 06/24/2020 1/15 Sodium Chromate 10 percent Section 2. Hazards identification H302 ACUTE TOXICITY (oral) - Category 4 H311 -
Packet of Wiser Reports on Acetone Acetonitrile
Ac&tone ^Hazmat - NFPA Hazard Classification Page 1 of Acetone CAS RN: 67-64-1 Hazmat - NFPA Hazard Classification SOMS DocID 2085807 Health: 1 (Slight) Materials that, on exposure, would cause significant irritation, but only minor residual injury, including those requiring the use of an approved air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous to health and only breathing protection is needed. Flammability: 3 (Severe) rhis degree includes Class IB and 1C flammable liquids and materials that can be easily ignited under almost all normal temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective in controlling or extinguishing fires in such materials. Instability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water.- Norma lire fighting procedures may be used. Printed by WISER for Windows (v2.3.231, database v2.108) HHS/NIH, National Library of Medicine AR000018 iile://C:\Documents and Settings\Gham\Application Data\National Library of Medicine\WISER\2.3.231.628... 9/27/20 Acetone ^Key Info Page 1 of Acetone CAS RN: 67-64-1 Key Info FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar / Water-Miscible) • HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames • CAUTION: Very low flash point; use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient Printed by WISER for Windows (v2.3.231, database v2.108) HHS/NIH, National Library of Medicine AR000019 file://C:\Documents and Settings\Gham\Application Data\National Library of Medicine\WISER\2.3.231.628../ 9/27/20 Acetone - -Hazmat - Explosive Limits / Potential Page 1 of Acetone CAS RIM: 67-64-1 Hazmat - Explosive Limits / Potential Highly flammable liquid. -
Historical Development of the Periodic Classification of the Chemical Elements
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS by RONALD LEE FFISTER B. S., Kansas State University, 1962 A MASTER'S REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree FASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Physical Science KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 196A Approved by: Major PrafeLoor ii |c/ TABLE OF CONTENTS t<y THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITION 0? TEH-IS USED 1 The Problem 1 Statement of the Problem 1 Importance of the Study 1 Definition of Terms Used 2 Atomic Number 2 Atomic Weight 2 Element 2 Periodic Classification 2 Periodic Lav • • 3 BRIEF RtiVJiM OF THE LITERATURE 3 Books .3 Other References. .A BACKGROUND HISTORY A Purpose A Early Attempts at Classification A Early "Elements" A Attempts by Aristotle 6 Other Attempts 7 DOBEREBIER'S TRIADS AND SUBSEQUENT INVESTIGATIONS. 8 The Triad Theory of Dobereiner 10 Investigations by Others. ... .10 Dumas 10 Pettehkofer 10 Odling 11 iii TEE TELLURIC EELIX OF DE CHANCOURTOIS H Development of the Telluric Helix 11 Acceptance of the Helix 12 NEWLANDS' LAW OF THE OCTAVES 12 Newlands' Chemical Background 12 The Law of the Octaves. .........' 13 Acceptance and Significance of Newlands' Work 15 THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF LOTHAR MEYER ' 16 Chemical Background of Meyer 16 Lothar Meyer's Arrangement of the Elements. 17 THE WORK OF MENDELEEV AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 19 Mendeleev's Scientific Background .19 Development of the Periodic Law . .19 Significance of Mendeleev's Table 21 Atomic Weight Corrections. 21 Prediction of Hew Elements . .22 Influence -
Hexavalent Chromium Hexavalent
Toxic Heavy Metals Series Toxic Heavy Metals Hexavalent ChromiumHexavalent This document will familiarize the reader with the toxic metal Hexavalent Chromium, OSHA standards, and methods for prevention and decontamination. Hygenall Corporation 6275 University Drive, STE 37-390 Huntsville, AL 35806 256.781.4486 [email protected] Toxic Metal Series Hexavalent Chromium Contents Introduction . 3 Worker Exposure and Health Consequences . 4 OSHA’s Hexavalent Chromium Standards . 4 Exposure Limits . 4 Exposure Monitoring and Determinations . 4 Scheduled Monitoring Option . 5 Regulated Areas . 6 Control Measures . 7 Requirements for Protective Work Clothing and Equipment . 8 Hygiene Areas and Practices . 9 Housekeeping . 10 Recommended Cleaning and Decontamination Products…11 Medical Surveillance . 12 Worker Training and Communication . 13 Recordkeeping . 14 Effective Dates . 14 Additional Information . 15 References . 16 2 | P a g e Hexavalent Chromium Toxic Metal Series INTRODUCTION This document is intended to give readers an overview of the provisions and requirements of the OSHA Hexavalent Chromium standards for general industry (29 CFR 1910.1026), shipyards (29 CFR 1915.1026), and construction (29 CFR 1926.1126). Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a toxic form of the element chromium. Hexavalent chromium is rarely found in nature and is generally man-made. Cr(VI) is widely used in pigments, metal finishing electroplating), wood preservatives and fungicides, and in chemical synthesis as an ingredient and catalyst. Table 1 lists some selected Cr(VI) compounds with their synonyms and common uses. Hexavalent chromium may also be present in fumes generated during the production or welding of chrome alloys. Chromium metal is often alloyed with other metals or plated on metal and plastic substrates to improve corrosion resistance and provide protective coatings. -
(VI) and Chromium (V) Oxide Fluorides
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1976 The chemistry of chromium (VI) and chromium (V) oxide fluorides Patrick Jay Green Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Chemistry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Green, Patrick Jay, "The chemistry of chromium (VI) and chromium (V) oxide fluorides" (1976). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4039. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5923 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. All ABSTRACT OF THE TllESIS OF Patrick Jay Green for the Master of Science in Chemistry presented April 16, 1976. Title: Chemistry of Chromium(VI) and Chromium(V) Oxide Fluorides. APPROVEO BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS CO'"o\l TIEE: y . • Ii . ' I : • • • • • New preparative routes to chromyl fluoride were sought. It was found that chlorine ironofluoride reacts with chromium trioxide and chromyl chlo ride to produce chromyl fluoride. Attempts were ~ade to define a mechan ism for the reaction of ClF and Cr0 in light of by-products observed 3 and previous investigations. Carbonyl fluoride and chromium trioxide react to fom chro·yl fluoride and carbo:i dioxide. A mechanism was also proposed for this react10n. Chromium trioxide 11itl\ l~F6 or WF5 reacts to produce chromyl fluoride and the respective oxide tetrafluoride. 2 Sulfur hexafluoride did not react with Cr03. -
Chromium Compounds Hazard Summary
Chromium Compounds Hazard Summary Chromium occurs in the environment primarily in two valence states, trivalent chromium (Cr III) and hexavalent chromium (Cr VI). Exposure may occur from natural or industrial sources of chromium. Chromium III is much less toxic than chromium (VI). The respiratory tract is also the major target organ for chromium (III) toxicity, similar to chromium (VI). Chromium (III) is an essential element in humans. The body can detoxify some amount of chromium (VI) to chromium (III). The respiratory tract is the major target organ for chromium (VI) toxicity, for acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) inhalation exposures. Shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing were reported from a case of acute exposure to chromium (VI), while perforations and ulcerations of the septum, bronchitis, decreased pulmonary function, pneumonia, and other respiratory effects have been noted from chronic exposure. Human studies have clearly established that inhaled chromium (VI) is a human carcinogen, resulting in an increased risk of lung cancer. Animal studies have shown chromium (VI) to cause lung tumors via inhalation exposure. Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (7), which contains information on inhalation chronic toxicity and the RfC and oral chronic toxicity and the RfD, and the carcinogenic effects of chromium including the unit cancer risk for inhalation exposure, EPA's Toxicological Review of Trivalent Chromium and Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (3), and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) Toxicological Profile for Chromium. (1) Uses The metal chromium is used mainly for making steel and other alloys. -
Coast Guard, DHS Pt. 150, App. I
Coast Guard, DHS Pt. 150, App. I APPENDIX I TO PART 150—EXCEPTIONS Member of reactive group Compatible with TO THE CHART Propylene glycol (20) (a) The binary combinations listed below Oleum (0) ............................... Hexane (31) have been tested as prescribed in Appendix Dichloromethane (36) III and found not to be dangerously reactive. Perchloroethylene (36) These combinations are exceptions to the 1,2-Propylene glycol (20) ...... Diethylenetriamine (7) Compatibility Chart (Figure 1) and may be Polyethylene polyamines (7) Triethylenetetramine (7) stowed in adjacent tanks. Sodium dichromate, 70% (0) Methyl alcohol (20) Member of reactive group Compatible with Sodium hydrosulfide solution Methyl alcohol (20) (5). Acetone (18) .......................... Diethylenetriamine (7) Iso-Propyl alcohol (20) Acetone cyanohydrin (0) ....... Acetic acid (4) Sulfuric acid (2) ..................... Coconut oil (34) Acrylonitrile (15) ..................... Triethanolamine (8) Coconut oil acid (34) Palm oil (34) 1,3-Butylene glycol (20) ......... Morpholine (7) Tallow (34) 1,4-Butylene glycol (20) ......... Ethylamine (7) Sulfuric acid, 98% or less (2) Choice white grease tallow Triethanolamine (8) (34) gamma-Butyrolactone (0) ...... N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (9) Caustic potash, 50% or less Isobutyl alcohol (20) (b) The binary combinations listed below (5). Ethyl alcohol (20) have been determined to be dangerously re- Ethylene glycol (20) active, based on either data obtained in the Isopropyl alcohol (20) Methyl alcohol (20) literature or on laboratory testing which has iso-Octyl alcohol (20) been carried out in accordance with proce- Caustic soda, 50% or less (5) Butyl alcohol (20) dures prescribed in Appendix III. These com- tert-Butyl alcohol, Methanol binations are exceptions to the Compat- mixtures ibility Chart (Figure 1) and may not be Decyl alcohol (20) stowed in adjacent tanks. -
Molybdates: an Alternative to Hexavalent Chromates in Corrosion
Molybdates: An Alternative to Hexavalent Chromates 3ytzt7n2 in Corrosion Prevention and Control qz ,+ B3 F Stiles C. Thompson Sverdrup Technology, Inc. 626 Anchors St. NW Fort Walton Beach, FL 32548 (904) 833-7600 Introduction Hexavalent chromates have been the preferred corrosion inhibitor in military systems for years. Chromate conversion coatings are specified in MIL-STD-808, “Finishes, Materials and Processes for Corrosion Prevention and Control in Support Equipment ”, for aluminum, magnesium, and plated steel. A number of primers are formulated with zinc or strontium chromate. Passivation treatments for stainless steels frequently specify chromic acid. Some anodic coatings specify baths containing chromic and sulfuric acid and a pcst treatment or rinse with aqueous sodium dichromate. Even water-based primers formulated for volatile organic I compound (VOC) compliance in such areas as southern California contain chromate-based corrosion inhibitors. Chromates are decreasing in industrial use, however, as concerns about their environmental risks and toxicity increase. One pollution prevention approach is to substitute analogs of chromates in similar applications. Molybdate is one such analog of lower toxicity. Federal Environmental Regulations A number of environmental regulations now control hexavalent chromate. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Under TSCA, the Environmental Protection Agency @PA) must be notified 90 days prior to manufacture. EPA may restrict or prohibit manufacture where there is unreasonable risk to the environment. EPA also has the authority to require testing for health or environmental effects. No current regulation specifies molybdate. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). RCRA regulates the treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste (HW). The EPA HW number for hexavalent chromium is D007. -
Derivation of Proposed 2007 Draft Matrix Soil Standards for Barium
Derivation of Proposed 2007 Draft Matrix Soil Standards for Barium Glyn R. Fox Environmental Management Branch Environmental Protection Division September 24, 2007 Victoria, British Columbia Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 4 2. Details Related to Derivation of Proposed 2007 Draft Matrix Soil Standards 2.1 Derivation of Human Health Protection Standards – Intake of contaminated soil ………………………………………………………….. 7 2.2 Derivation of Human health Protection Standards – Groundwater used for drinking water ……………………………….…………….......... 7 2.3 Derivation of Environmental Protection Standards – Toxicity to soil invertebrates and plants ……………………………………….......... 9 2.4 Derivation of Environmental Protection Standards – Livestock ingesting soil and fodder ………………………………………………… 9 2.5 Derivation of Environmental Protection Standards – Major microbial function impairment ………………………………….……… 10 2.6 Derivation of Environmental Protection Standards – Groundwater flow to surface water used by aquatic life ..…………………………… 10 2.7 Derivation of Environmental Protection Standards – Groundwater used for livestock watering ……………………………………………… 11 2.8 Derivation of Environmental Protection Standards – Groundwater used for irrigation ………………………………………………………… 12 2.9 CSST “Background” Adjustment ……………………..……………… 12 2.10 Application of CSST Rounding-off Rule ……………………………… 12 3. References …….…………………………………………………………………… 13 2 Table of Contents (continued) Page 4. Exhibits Exhibit 1. Proposed 2007 Draft Matrix Soil Standards for Barium ……..… 19 5. Tables -
A Titrimetric Determination of Thorium John J
Ames Laboratory ISC Technical Reports Ames Laboratory 6-1954 A titrimetric determination of thorium John J. Ford Iowa State College James S. Fritz Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ameslab_iscreports Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Ford, John J. and Fritz, James S., "A titrimetric determination of thorium" (1954). Ames Laboratory ISC Technical Reports. 92. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ameslab_iscreports/92 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ames Laboratory ISC Technical Reports by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A titrimetric determination of thorium Abstract A rapid, accurate method for thorium is proposed in which thorium is titrated with a standard solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Alizarin Red S serves as the indicator, a sharp change from pink to yellow marking the end point of the titration. The method is selective for thorium although several cations and anions interfere. A preliminary extraction of thorium nitrate by mentyl oxide provides an excellent separation of thorium from most interfering ions. Keywords Ames Laboratory Disciplines Chemistry This report is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ameslab_iscreports/92 Physical 'cieuccs Re· dmg Room UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ISC-520 A TITRIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THORIUM By John J. Ford James S. Fritz June 1954 Technical Information Service, Oak Ridge, Tennessee J Subject Category, CHEMISTRY. Work performed under Contract No.