DOCSLIB.ORG

V13000: Alternatives to War: the British Peace Movement, 1870-1945 | University of Nottingham

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
V13000: Alternatives to War: the British Peace Movement, 1870-1945 | University of Nottingham 09/27/21 V13000: Alternatives to War: The British Peace Movement, 1870-1945 | University of Nottingham V13000: Alternatives to War: The British View Online Peace Movement, 1870-1945 A. J. A. Morris. 1971. ‘The English Radicals’ Campaign for Disarmament and the Hague Conference of 1907.’ The Journal of Modern History 43(3):367–93. Alexander Tyrrell. 1978. ‘Making the Millennium: The Mid-Nineteenth Century Peace Movement.’ The Historical Journal 21(1):75–95. Alfred H. Fried. 1914. ‘The Peace Movement and the Press.’ The Advocate of Peace (1894-1920) 76(1):16–18. Andrew Webster. 2005. ‘The Transnational Dream: Politicians, Diplomats and Soldiers in the League of Nations’ Pursuit of International Disarmament, 1920-1938.’ Contemporary European History 14(4):493–518. Angell, Norman. 1913. The Great Illusion: A Study of the Relation of Military Power to National Advantage. Special ed. London: Heinemann. Angell, Norman. 1916. War and the Workers. London: The National Labour Press. Angell, Norman. 1921. The Fruits of Victory: A Sequel to ‘The Great Illusion’. London: Collins. Angell, Norman. 1938. The Great Illusion - Now. Vol. Penguin special. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Angell, Norman, and Union of Democratic Control. 1915. The Prussian in Our Midst. Vol. U. D. C. Pamphlet. London: Union of Democratic Control. Ashkenazi, Ofer. 2011. ‘Reframing the Interwar Peace Movement: The Curious Case of Albert Einstein.’ Journal of Contemporary History 46(4):741–66. doi: 10.1177/0022009411413402. Barker, Rachel. 1982. Conscience, Government and War: Conscientious Objection in Great Britain, 1939-45. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Bedford, Hastings William Sackville Russell. 1944. Straight Speaking to a Militarist from a Pacifist. Glasgow: Strickland Press. Bell, Clive, and Peace Pledge Union. 1938. Warmongers. London: Peace Pledge Union. Bell, Erin. 2011. ‘The Early Quakers, the Peace Testimony and Masculinity in England, 1/11 09/27/21 V13000: Alternatives to War: The British Peace Movement, 1870-1945 | University of Nottingham 1660-1720.’ Gender & History 23(2):283–300. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0424.2011.01639.x. Bennett, Yvonne Aleksandra. n.d. ‘Testament of a Minority in Wartime: The Peace Pledge Union and Vera Brittain, 1939 - 1945’. McMasters University (1984). Berghahn, Volker Rolf. 1984. Militarism: The History of an International Debate, 1861-1979 . 1st pbk. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Best, Geoffrey Francis Andrew. 1983. Humanity in Warfare: The Modern History of the International Law of Armed Conflicts. Vol. University paperbacks. London: Methuen. Bialer, Uri. 1980. The Shadow of the Bomber: The Fear of Air Attack and British Politics, 1932-1938. Vol. Royal Historical Society studies in history. London: Royal Historical Society. Bibbings, Lois. 2011. Telling Tales about Men: Conceptions of Conscientious Objectors to Military Service during the First World War. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Birn, Donald S. 1981. The League of Nations Union, 1918-1945. Oxford: Clarendon. Boggede, Bert den. n.d. ‘The Fellowship of Reconciliation’s Propaganda and Theodora Wilson's Literary Contribution, 1914-1917.’ Quaker Studies. Boggende, Bert den. n.d. ‘Reluctant Absolutist: Malcolm Sparkes’ Conscientious Objections to World War 1.’ Quaker Studies. Boulton, David. 1967. Objection Overruled. London: MacGibbon & Kee. Bourke, Joanna. 2001. The Second World War: A People’s History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Braker, Regina. 1995. ‘Bertha von Suttner’s Spiritual Daughters: The Feminist Pacifism of Anita Augspurg, Lida Gustava Heymann, and Helene Stöcker at the International Congress of Women at The Hague, 1915.’ Women’s Studies International Forum 18(2):103–11. Brittain, Vera, and Shirley Williams. 2005. One Voice: Pacifist Writings from the Second World War. London: Continuum. Brockington, Grace, and Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. 2010. Above the Battlefield: Modernism and the Peace Movement in Britain, 1900-1918. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. Brock, Peter. 1991. Freedom from War: Nonsectarian Pacifism, 1814-1914. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Brock, Peter. 1994. Pacifism to 1914: An Overview. Toronto. Brock, Peter. 1998. Varieties of Pacifism: A Survey from Antiquity to the Outset of the Twentieth Century. [Toronto]: University of Toronto Press. Brock, Peter, and Nigel Young. 1999. Pacifism in the Twentieth Century. New York: 2/11 09/27/21 V13000: Alternatives to War: The British Peace Movement, 1870-1945 | University of Nottingham Syracuse University Press. Brockway, A. Fenner. n.d. Pacifism and the Left Wing. Pacifist Publicity Unit; First Edition edition (1938). Brown, Heloise, and ebrary, Inc. 2003. ‘The Truest Form of Patriotism’: Pacifist Feminism in Britain, 1870-1902. Vol. Gender in history. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Bryan, Alex. 1986. ‘Bloody Conchie ...!’: A Conscientious Objector Looks back to World War Two. London: Quaker Home Service. Burnham, Karyn. 2014. The Courage of Cowards: The Untold Stories of First World War Conscientious Objectors. Barnsley: Pen & Sword History. Bussey, Gertrude Carman, Margaret Tims, and Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. 1980. Pioneers for Peace: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom 1915-1965. London: WILPF British Section. Calder, Angus. 1992. The People’s War: Britain 1939-1945. Pimlico ed. London: Pimlico. Callahan, Kevin J. 2004. ‘The International Socialist Peace Movement on the Eve of World War I Revisited: The Campaign of “War against War!”and the Basle International Socialist Congress in 1912’. Peace <html_ent Glyph=‘@amp;’ Ascii=‘&’/> Change 29(2):147–76. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0130.2004.00287.x. Carl Heath. 1914. ‘The Peace Movement in Great Britain and Its Present Outlook.’ The Advocate of Peace (1894-1920) 76(3):57–58. Casper Sylvest. 2004a. ‘Interwar Internationalism, the British Labour Party, and the Historiography of International Relations.’ International Studies Quarterly 48(2):409–32. Casper Sylvest. 2004b. ‘Interwar Internationalism, the British Labour Party, and the Historiography of International Relations.’ International Studies Quarterly 48(2):409–32. Ceadel, Martin. 1980. Pacifism in Britain, 1914-1945: The Defining of a Faith. Vol. Oxford historical monographs. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Ceadel, Martin. 1983. ‘Christian Pacifism in the Era of Two World Wars.’ in The Church and war: papers read at the twenty-first summer meeting and the twenty-second winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Vol. Studies in church history. Oxford: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell. Ceadel, Martin. 1989. Thinking about Peace and War. Vol. OPUS. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ceadel, Martin. 1996. The Origins of War Prevention: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1730-1854. Oxford: Clarendon. Ceadel, Martin. 2000. Semi-Detached Idealists: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1854-1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3/11 09/27/21 V13000: Alternatives to War: The British Peace Movement, 1870-1945 | University of Nottingham Ceadel, Martin. 2014. ‘The Peace Movement: Overview of a British Brand Leader.’ International Affairs 90(2):351–65. doi: 10.1111/1468-2346.12113. Ceadel, Martin. n.d. ‘The Quaker Peace Testimony and Its Contribution to the British Peace Movement: An Overview.’ Quaker Studies. Ceadel, Martin. n.d. ‘The Quaker Peace Testimony and Its Contribution to the British Peace Movement: An Overview.’ Quaker Studies. Chao, Anne. 2007a. ‘Transmissions and Transformations: Global Peace Movements between the Hague Conferences and World War I.’ History Compass 5(5):1677–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00458.x. Chao, Anne. 2007b. ‘Transmissions and Transformations: Global Peace Movements between the Hague Conferences and World War I.’ History Compass 5(5):1677–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00458.x. Conway, John S. 1983. ‘The Struggle for Peace Between the Wars: A Chapter from the History of Western Churches.’ The Ecumenical Review 35(1):25–40. Conway, Stephen. 1989. ‘Bentham on Peace and War.’ Utilitas 1(1). doi: 10.1017/S0953820800000078. Conway, Stephen. 1990. ‘Bentham, the Benthamites, and the Nineteenth-Century Peace Movement.’ Utilitas 2(2). doi: 10.1017/S0953820800000674. Conway, Stephen. 1991. ‘John Bowring and the Nineteenth-Century Peace Movement.’ Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 64(155). Conway, Stephen. 1993. ‘The Politicization of the Nineteenth-Century Peace Society.’ Historical Research: The Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 66(161). Cookson, J. E. 1982. The Friends of Peace: Anti-War Liberalism in England, 1793-1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cooper, Sandi E. 2015. ‘European Peace Advocates and the Great War: Prevention, Protest, Resignation, and Resistance.’ Peace & Change 40(2):216–25. doi: 10.1111/pech.12116. Cooper, Sandi E., and ebrary, Inc. 1991. Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815-1914. New York: Oxford University Press. Crowcroft, Robert. 2008. ‘“What Is Happening in Europe?” Richard Stokes, Fascism, and the Anti-War Movement in the British Labour Party during the Second World War and After’. History 93(312):514–30. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-229X.2008.00435.x. CROWCROFT, ROBERT. 2008. ‘“What Is Happening in Europe?” Richard Stokes, Fascism, and the Anti-War Movement in the British Labour Party during the Second World War and After’. History 93(312):514–30. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-229X.2008.00435.x. D. A. Boxwell. 1993. ‘The (M)Other Battle of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forces of History: American-Iranian Diplomacy 1949-1953
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2000 Forces of history: American-Iranian diplomacy 1949-1953 James H. Hippensteel The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Hippensteel, James H., "Forces of history: American-Iranian diplomacy 1949-1953" (2000). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5205. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5205 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY Hie University ofMONTANA Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. * * Please check " Yes" or "No" and provide signature * * Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author's Signature Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. THE FORCES OF HISTORY: AMERICAN-IRAMAN DIPLOMACY, 1949-1953 by James H. Hippensteel B.A. The University o f Montana, 1996 presented in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for die degree o f Master of Arts The University o f Montana 2000 Approved by: DearvGraduateSc to o l 5-31- 2M«> Date UMI Number: EP40669 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The guality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Money, Oil, and Empire in the Middle East: Sterling and Postwar Imperialism, 1944–1971 Steven G
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76790-3 — Money, Oil, and Empire in the Middle East: Sterling and Postwar Imperialism, 1944–1971 Steven G. Galpern Frontmatter More Information Money, Oil, and Empire in the Middle East An important new political and economic history of the unraveling of the British empire and its connection to the decline of sterling as a lead- ing international currency. Analyzing events such as the 1951 Iranian oil nationalization crisis and the 1956 Suez crisis, Steven G. Galpern provides a new perspective on British imperialism in the Middle East by reframing British policy in the context of the government’s postwar efforts to maintain the international prestige of the pound. He reveals the link that British officials made between the Middle Eastern oil trade and the strength of sterling, and how this influenced government policy and strained relationships with the Middle East, the United States, and multinational oil firms. In so doing, this book draws revealing parallels between the British experience and that of the United States today, and will be essential reading for scholars of the British empire, Middle East studies, and economic history. STEVEN G. GALPERN received his PhD in history from the Univer- sity of Texas at Austin after which he worked for five years as a historian at the US Department of State, where he currently works as a Middle East Analyst. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76790-3 — Money, Oil, and Empire in the Middle East: Sterling and Postwar Imperialism, 1944–1971 Steven G.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A: List of Cabinet Ministers, 1945-51
    Appendix A: List of Cabinet Ministers, 1945-51 Prime Minister and Minister of Defence C. R. Attlee Lord President and Leader of the Commons Herbert Morrison Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin Lord Privy Seal Arthur Greenwood Chancellor of the Exchequer Hugh Dalton President of the Board of Trade Sir Stafford Cripps Lord Chancellor Lord Jowitt First Lord of the Admiralty A. V. Alexander Home Secretary J. Chuter Ede Dominions Secretary and Leader of the Lords Viscount Addison Secretary for India and Burma Lord Pethick-Lawrence Colonial Secretary G. H. Hall Secretary for War J. J. Lawson Secretary for Air Viscount Stansgate Secretary for Scotland Joseph Westwood Minister of Labour and National Service G. A. Isaacs Minister of Fuel and Power Emanuel Shinwell Minister of Education Ellen Wilkinson Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Tom Williams Changes in 1946: On 4 Oct A. V. Alexander became Minister without Portfolio in preparation for becoming Minister of Defence when the new legislation concerning the post had been enacted. This he was able to do on 20 Dec. But on the earlier date the three Service Ministers (Admiralty, War and Air) were all excluded from the Cabinet. On 4 Oct A. Creech Jones succeeded G. H. Hall as Colonial Secretary. Changes in 1947: On the death of Ellen Wilkinson, George Tomlinson became Minister of Education on 10 Feb. On 17 Apr Arthur Greenwood became Minister without Portfolio and Lord Inman succeeded him as Lord Privy Seal; Lord Pethick-Lawrence retired and was succeeded by Lord Listowel. On 7 July the Dominions Office was renamed the Commonwealth Relations Office.
    [Show full text]
  • (C) Crown Copyright Catalogue Reference:CAB/128/20 Image
    (c) crown copyright Catalogue Reference:CAB/128/20 Image Reference:0010 THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT" Printed for the Cabinet. September 1951 SECRET Copy JNp,. 2 CM. (51) 60th Conclusions CABINET 60 (51) CONCLUSIONS of a Meeting of the Cabinet held at 10 Downing Street, S.W. 1, on Thursday, 21th September, 1951, at 10 a.m. Present: The Right Hon. C. R. ATTLEE, M.P., Prime Minister (in the Chair). The Right Hon. HERBERT MORRISON, The Right Hon. H. T. N. GAITSKELL, M.P., Secretary of State for Foreign M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer. Affairs. The Right Hon. HUGH DALTON, M.P., The Right Hon. VISCOUNT ADDISON, Minister of Local Government and Lord President of the Council (Items Planning. 3-9). The Right Hon. VISCOUNT ALEXANDER The Right Hon. VISCOUNT JOWITT, OF HILLSBOROUGH, Chancellor of the Lord Chancellor. Duchy of Lancaster. The Right Hon. J. CHUTER EDE, M.P., The Right Hon. E. SHINWELL, M.P., Secretary of State for the Home Minister of Defence. Department. The Right Hon. T. WILLIAMS, M.P., The Right Hon. JAMES GRIFFITHS, M.P., Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries. Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Right Hon. HECTOR MCNEIL, M.P., The Right Hon. P. C. GORDON-WALKER, Secretary of State for Scotland (Items M.P., Secretary of State for Common­ 1-6). wealth Relations. The Right Hon. Sir HARTLEY SHAW- The Right Hon. ALFRED ROBENS, M.P., CROSS, K.C., M.P., President of the Minister of Labour and National Board of Trade. Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Bombing Some Moral and Historical Perspectives
    Canadian Military History Volume 18 Issue 3 Article 4 2009 Mass Bombing Some Moral and Historical Perspectives Donald M. Schurman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Donald M. Schurman "Mass Bombing Some Moral and Historical Perspectives." Canadian Military History 18, 3 (2009) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. : Mass Bombing Some Moral and Historical Perspectives Mass Bombing Some Moral and Historical Perspectives Donald M. Schurman Introduction especially the Second World War, Abstract: This paper is an account implies a luxury of means that we his paper was originally by a historian, who participated in (Sir Arthur Harris) did not have. the bombing of Germany (1944-45), delivered at and published by an My paper shows that. Harris, that T of attitudes towards the campaign International Peace Conference in Fiji on the part of military personnel at determined figure, kept himself and in January 1985. It was written long the time and since. It examines the his force just ahead of the Luftwaffe before the Canadian War Museum attitudes of the British Government and its ground support. My paper, was forced to debate the question and their military, and comments on dealing so much with attitude, just the way historians have responded to of the most appropriate manner in the evidence since 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Hugh Gaitskell, the Labour Party and Foreign Affairs 1955-63
    HUGH GAITSKELL, THE LABOUR PARTY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS 1955-63 by SIMON RIPPINGALE A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Humanities & Cultural Interpretation Faculty of Arts & Education July 1996 Univer0: .)-· ~ u th Li ~;·:. .~ - Item No Cf OOliQ202-) - --1 ~~-~k"l+2. · 6gs RJP Simon Rippingale Hugh Gaitskell. the Labour Party and Foreign Affairs 1955-63 Abstract Hugh Gaitskell was leader of the Labour Party between 1955-63. The Cold War was at a critical level and bi-partisanship in international affairs was expected. With Gaitskell's accession this appeared to end, marked in particular by the disputes over Suez, the independent nuclear deterrent and Britain's 11rr lication to join the European Economic Community. Simultaneously, he was challenged by the Left over nearly every aspect of Labour's foreign and defence policy. Despite these major controversies, Gaitskell's influence over international affairs remains a neglected area of research, and he is remembered more for the domestic controversies over nationalisation, his ill-fated attempt to revise Clause Nand defeat at the 1960 Scarborough conference. This thesis addresses that imbalance by examining Gaitskell's contribution to foreign affairs and the following inter-related areas: bi-partisanship; policy formulation; internal divisions and the power struggle between Left and Right. In addition, it also considers how the structure of the Labour Party benefited the leadership during this turbulent period. The conclusions revise Gaitskell's reputation as a figure of unyielding principle, and demonstrates that his leadership was marked by a mixture of finesse and blunder.
    [Show full text]
  • Bretton Woods: the Parliamentary Debates in the United Kingdom LSE Research Online URL for This Paper: Version: Submitted Version
    Bretton Woods: the parliamentary debates in the United Kingdom LSE Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/101240/ Version: Submitted Version Book Section: Schonhardt-Bailey, Cheryl, Bannerman, Gordon and Bailey, Andrew (2019) Bretton Woods: the parliamentary debates in the United Kingdom. In: Lamoreaux, Naomi and Shapiro, Ian, (eds.) The Bretton Woods Agreements: together with scholarly commentaries and essential historical documents. Basic Documents in World Politics. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. ISBN 9780300236798 Reuse Items deposited in LSE Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the LSE Research Online record for the item. [email protected] https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/ BRETTON WOODS: THE PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES IN THE UK Andrew Bailey*, Gordon Bannerman** and Cheryl Schonhardt- Bailey*** *UK Financial Conduct Authority (The content of this paper reflects the views of the author and is independent of the Financial Conduct Authority) ** University of Guelph-Humber ***corresponding author: London School of Economics and Political Science, [email protected] 1 Our interest in Bretton Woods lies in seeking to identify the nature of contemporary deliberation in the British Parliament relative to the proposed post-war monetary and financial organizations. Britain is the focus of the study because along with the United States, it was the main designer of the Bretton Woods system, starting with the so-called Keynes and White Plans, which formed the basis for negotiations for each country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company During Nationalisation, 1951
    Oil Nationalisation and Managerial Disclosure: The Case of Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, 1933-1951 Neveen Talaat Hassan Abdelrehim BA (Hons) Accounting, MA Accounting A Doctoral Thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of York The York Management School September 2010 Table of Contents Page Summary of Thesis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- v Acknowledgments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi Declaration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ viii List of Abbreviations ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix List of Tables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xi List of Figures --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xii List of Appendices --------------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii Chapter 1: Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 Background of the research --------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.3 Research Problem and Research Questions --------------------------------------- 6 1.4 Research objectives ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.5 Motivation of the
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Anti-American ?': the British Left and the United States, 1945-1956
    (1) 'Who is anti-American ?': The British Left and the United States, 1945-1956 by Giora Goodman University College London A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) © 1996 U (2) Abstract The subject of this research is British 'anti-Americanism' in the decade after 1945: a complex phenomenon with often contradictory political and cultural manifestations. This study focuses primarily on the attitudes towards the United States of the organized political Left, because the Left came to be regarded in this period as the most 'anti-American' element in British political life. Examining that charge, this study follows the development of attitudes towards the United States in British political life, particularly within the Labour Party, long- established as the most serious organized force on the Left, and the governing Party from 1945 to 195 1. The study aims to show that hostile responses towards the United States on the British Left imbibed the same national resentments which could be found in other quarters of British political life. The British Left had its own set of ideological and emotional prejudices which gave a distinct colour, and perhaps added impetus, to its resentments. However, underpinning all the hostile sentiments was the resentment of Britain's postwar domination and displacement by the United States, which among Conservatives was concealed only by the onset of the Cold War, until it forcefully erupted during the Suez crisis. Finally, this study delineates and examines the great concern with which 'anti- Americanism' was viewed at the time by policy-makers and politicians on both sides of the Atlantic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Strategic Leadership and Direction of the Royal Air Force Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany from Inception to 1945
    THE STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND DIRECTION OF THE ROYAL AIR FORCE STRATEGIC AIR OFFENSIVE AGAINST GERMANY FROM INCEPTION TO 1945 By PETER WILLIAM GRAY A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham October 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis examines the strategic leadership, and the high level direction, of the Royal Air Force’s contribution to the strategic air offensive against Germany. It takes the conceptual thinking, the organisational aspects and the leadership required to bring it into being, from its inception in the First World War through to 1945. The thesis uses modern understanding of strategic (or senior) leadership as an analytical tool. The realm of strategic leadership is complex, and ambiguous, and the senior leaders required high levels of intellectual capacity to cope with the survival of the force and its subsequent rapid to meet the rising threat from Germany. The senior leaders, political and military, acknowledged that their methods of warfare must be just, and the thesis examines the legality and morality of the planning and conduct of the offensive.
    [Show full text]
  • DR18B Research Papers DR18B Research Papers
    University of Sheffield Library. Special Collections and Archives Ref: MS 287 Title: Defence Regulation 18B Research Papers Scope: Documents relating to internment under Defence Regulation 18B during WWII Dates: 1934-1997 Level: Fonds Extent: 23 boxes Name of creator: Professor A.W. Brian Simpson Administrative / biographical history: The collection consists of documents and correspondence assembled by Professor A.W. Brian Simpson during the writing of his book In the Highest Degree Odious: Detention Without Trial in Wartime Britain (Clarendon Press, 1992). To quote from Professor Simpson’s preface to his work: ‘During the Second World War a very considerable number of people were detained by the British government without charge, or trial, or term set, on the broad ground that this was necessary for national security. Most were not British citizens, but technically enemy aliens – in fact most of these enemy aliens were refugees from Europe. A far smaller number of those detained were British citizens, and they were held under Regulation 18B [of September 1939, and more particularly the specially formulated section 18B (1A) introduced in November] of the Defence Regulations; it is with this regulation and those detained under it that this book is concerned’. The background to the implementation of the regulation was the threat of an imminent German invasion of Britain in May 1940 following the collapse of Allied forces in France. Under the legislation the Home Secretary of the day - initially Sir John Anderson, subsequently Herbert Morrison - was free to detain and imprison as he saw fit anyone against whom evidence of potential disloyalty, untested by legal process, was presented by the security services.
    [Show full text]
  • The Labour Party's External Economic Policy in the 1940S
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE The Labour Party's external economic policy in the 1940s AUTHORS Toye, Richard JOURNAL The Historical Journal DEPOSITED IN ORE 12 May 2008 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10036/25613 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication The Historical Journal, , (), pp. –. Printed in the United Kingdom # Cambridge University Press THE LABOUR PARTY’S EXTERNAL ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE 1940s* RICHARD TOYE St John’s College, Cambridge . This article challenges the view that, in accepting the American loan and its attendant commitments to international economic liberalization, the Labour party easily fell in behind the Atlanticist approach to post-war trade and payments. It is suggested instead that Labour’s sometimes seemingly paradoxical behaviour in office was driven, not only by the very tough economic conditions it faced, but also by a fundamental contradiction inherent in its desire to ‘plan’ at both domestic and international levels. This contradiction – the ‘planning paradox’ – is explored with reference to pre-war and war-time developments, including Labour’s reactions to the Keynes and White plans of , and to the Bretton Woods conference of . The decision to accept the US loan, and with it the Bretton Woods agreements, is then examined within this context. Finally, an assessment is made of whether, in this key area of policy, Labour’s pre- deliberations were effective in preparing the party for the challenges it would face in government.
    [Show full text]