Safety at the Interfaces: Collaboration at Work
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EDITORIAL HindThe ability or opportunity to understand and judge an event or experience after it has occurred ight26 EUROCONTROL SAFETY AT THE INTERFACES: COLLABORATION AT WORK THE VOICE OF AN ANGEL HOW FIERCE COMPETITORS by Sidney Dekker JOINED FORCES TO MAKE OFFSHORE HELICOPTER FROM EXPERIENCE OPERATIONS SAFER REPORTS TO EXPERIENCE by Gretchen Haskins SHARING Plus much more on collaboration by Erick Hoarau, Florence-Marie Jégoux within and between organisations and Sébastien Follet COLLABORATIVE ADAPTATION IN A CONSTRAINED SYSTEM by Don Gyles and Chris Bearman Winter 2017 Winter FOREWORD Dear readers, The Network Manager works with 43 countries, over 500 airports and around 2,000 aircraft operators, as well as with the military and our aviation neighbours in other continents. So it is no surprise that collaboration is essential in everything we do. It’s never boring, frequently surprising and often a challenge. However, it can be very rewarding to build the relationships required and then to see them result in practical steps to improve the performance of European aviation, something that is vital as traffic is now clearly growing again. We have seen record numbers this year, with nearly 36 thousand flights on a single day. Over the whole year, we expect to handle around 10.6 million flights. In practice, this collaboration means maintaining effective working relationships with every Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP) across Europe. We look at their performance, at their plans and at the forecast traffic levels; then we discuss how issues can be resolved, before they cause problems. Sometimes that means spending a lot of time with a particular country to see how to overcome a particular challenge. One example of this is the work on Greek island airports; here, the Network Manager, the local ANSP, airports and crucially, airlines all came together to address capacity issues that were causing significant delays in the summer months. Airports are an integral part of the network now; 26 ACDM airports and 19 Advanced ATC Tower airports exchange data with the Network Operations Centre. We also, through the Airport Corner, have a much better understanding of issues coming up. For example, planned work on an airport tower, or on taxiways, may reduce the airport’s handling capacity and that can have a network impact. Airlines also recognise the value of collaboration and there are two dedicated staff seconded by airlines to the Network Manager. They attend operational meetings and briefings and make sure that the communication channels work effectively. This also helps build trust – they can see that we are working for the benefit of the network as a whole, impartially and fairly. Aviation is a global industry and so the partners with whom we collaborate are not just European. For several years, we have exchanged real time operational data with North America – we can see a flight heading our way long before it even reaches the Atlantic, let alone our airspace. Making traffic more predictable helps us to make better use of capacity and we are currently putting in place data exchange with Brazil and the UAE; discussions on similar arrangements are also taking place with other countries/regions. Collaboration has tangible benefits on a day-to-day basis but it really demonstrates its worth when problems arise. Where one country’s ATC capacity is affected (for example, by industrial action) we regularly see neighbouring countries take Joe Sultana is Director of the action to make sure they have enough capacity to cope. The military also respond, Network Manager Directorate. postponing exercises to help out. He graduated with an Engineering For larger disruptions, the European Aviation Crisis Coordination Cell may be Degree from the University of activated – a body developed following the lessons learned from the Eyjafjallajökull Malta in 1975 and joined the Air volcanic ash crisis in 2010. Exercises are regularly held, both to make sure we have Traffic Services Unit in Malta in the systems in place and also to help build the relationships that are vital for getting the same year. He obtained ATCO things done quickly and effectively when problems arise. Licences in Aerodrome, Radar I regularly meet with colleagues around the world and when I discuss with them and Area Control and was a the situation in Europe – with so much traffic across so many countries with Watch Supervisor for four years. different cultures and languages – many are amazed that we work together so In 1982, he was appointed Head of well and so effectively. There is a lot of room for improvement, of course, but we Air Traffic Services in the Maltese should also recognise how well such a diverse and fragmented industry does come Department of Civil Aviation. together through collaboration at an international level. He became Director of the Joe Sultana Network Manager in 2013. Director Network Manager, EUROCONTROL IN NUMBERS 10.2 MILLION 1 MILLION THE NUMBER OF FLIGHTS THE TRAFFIC HANDLED IN IN EUROPE IN 2016. THE MONTH DURING JULY 2017. THE HIGHEST ANNUAL FIGURE. THE HIGHEST MONTHLY FIGURE. OVER 18,000 500 APPROXIMATE NUMBER 68NUMBER OF OF ATCOs AIRPORTS EN-ROUTE CENTRES IN THE NETWORK. IN THE NETWORK. MAXIMUM NUMBER 41+EUROCONTROL COMPREHENSIVE 2 28 AGREEMENTS OF AIRCRAFT MEMBER MUAC CONTROLLERS CAN MANAGE STATES STATES UP TO AT ANY ONE TIME. THE NUMBER OF CONTROLLERS OUT OF 100 CANDIDATES TESTED NINE€ SHOW THE ABILITY TO BECOME IS THE AVERAGE COST AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER AT MUAC. PER PASSENGER IN 2015 4 (GATE-TO-GATE ANS COSTS) OUT OF THESE 4, ONLY 3 WILL MAKE IT. ON AVERAGE, AN AIRCRAFT TAKES OFF OR ENTERS EUROPEAN AIRSPACE EVERY 3 SECONDS, ZERO NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS WITH ATM/ANS CONTRIBUTION IN 2016, WHICH CONTINUES THE TREND SINCE 2012. & NO FATAL ACCIDENT WILL TRAVERSE THE AIRSPACE HAS BEEN REGISTERED WITH ATM/ANS OF 3 COUNTRIES IN EUROPE. CONTRIBUTION IN THE LAST DECADE. HindSight 26 | WINTER 2017 3 HindSight 26 WINTER 2017 2 8 Foreword The voice of an angel Using aircraft as sensors to measure runway condition 21 34 44 56 But we're My very safe How fierce competitors joined still near miss forces to make offshore friends? helicopter operations safer TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 24 Collaboration over the North Atlantic: the role of the radio operator and joint operations 2 Foreword by Joe Sultana by Guðmundur Sigurðsson 3 In numbers 26 Communication and technology at the interface by Marc Baumgartner EDITORIAL 28 Human-machine collaboration: fight or fly? Bonding and bridging: expanding who'we' are 6 by Giusy Sciacca by Steven Shorrock 31 Dr Jackal and Mr Giraffe by Maciej Szczukowski OP-ED 34 But we're still friends? by Paavo Puranen 8 The voice of an angel by Sidney Dekker 36 Interfacing notes for the incident investigator FROM THE BRIEFING ROOM by Sebastian Daeunert 12 Collaborative adaptation in a constrained system: 39 The Brussels airport local runway safety team: getting the balance right collaboration at work by Davy Van Hyfte by Don Gyles and Chris Bearman 42 Do you trust your safety manager? 16 From experience reports to experience sharing by Maria Kovacova by Erick Hoarau, Florence-Marie Jégoux and Sébastien Follet 42 My very safe near miss by István Hegedus 21 Using aircraft as sensors to measure runway 46 Safety is real only when shared: condition understanding controllers' and managers' by Daniel Percy, Logan Jones and Fabien Moll perceptions by Florence-Marie Jégoux 4 HindSight 26 | WINTER 2017 28 CONTACT US Human-machine collaboration: HindSight is a magazine on the safety of air traffic services. fight or fly? The success of this publication depends very much on you. We need to know what you think of HindSight. Are there some improvements you would like to see in its content or layout? Please tell us what you think – and even more important, please share your experiences with us! We would especially like to hear from current controllers and professional pilots (the main readership) with a talent for writing engaging articles on the safety of air traffic services. 70 74 We hope that you will join us in making this Collaboration A conversation publication a success. in post-incident with Cormac Please contact: review Russell [email protected] Or to the postal address: Rue de la Fusée, 96 B-1130 Brussels Messages will not be published in HindSight or communicated to others without your permission. 50 The Luton safety stack 73 BOOKSHELF by Barry Kirwan, Siân Blanchard and Sarah Flaherty 54 Have you listened to your neighbours lately? IN CONVERSATION by João Esteves and Antonio Guerrero Compas 74 Learning from communities: 56 How fierce competitors joined forces to make a conversation with Cormac Russell offshore helicopter operations safer by Steven Shorrock by Gretchen Haskins WHAT WE DO 59 How does collaboration in SESAR enable safety enhancement? by Conor Mullan 78 Ideas and practices from the front-line 62 EUROCONTROL: connecting people for safety by Tony Licu VIEWS FROM ELSEWHERE 66 Building 'healthy' teams: multiprofessional team EDITORIAL TEAM training for the operating theatre environment Editor in Chief: Steven Shorrock by Bryn Baxendale Editorial advisory team: Tzvetomir Blajev, Radu Cioponea, 70 Collaboration in post-incident review Anders Ellerstrand, Florence-Marie Jégoux, by John Allspaw Alexander Krastev, Tony Licu and Captain Ed Pooley. Graphic Designer: Frédérique Fyon Cartoonist: Daniel Avram HindSight 26 | WINTER 2017 5 EDITORIAL Steven Shorrock Editor in Chief of HindSight BONDING AND BRIDGING: EXPANDING WHO ‘WE’ ARE Over the past decade or so, my colleagues and I have spent But, as we have seen in recent years and throughout a lot of time talking to people in 32 countries about safety. history, strong bonds within a group can also be for We have spent time with thousands of operational, technical, the bad.