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The Morphology of the X-Ray Afterglows and of the Jetted Gev Emission in Long Grbs
MNRAS 000,1– ?? (2020) Preprint 17 March 2021 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 The morphology of the X-ray afterglows and of the jetted GeV emission in long GRBs R. Ruffini,1;2;5;7;14 R. Moradi,1;2;15? J. A. Rueda,1;2;4;8;16 L. Li,1;2;15 N. Sahakyan,1;6 Y.-C. Chen,1;2 Y. Wang,1;2;15 Y. Aimuratov,1;2;9 L. Becerra,1;2;17 C. L. Bianco,1;2;16 C. Cherubini,1;3;11 S. Filippi,1;3;10 M. Karlica,1;2 G. J. Mathews,1;12 M. Muccino,13 G. B. Pisani,1;2 and S. S. Xue1;2 1 ICRANet, Piazza della Repubblica 10, I-65122 Pescara, Italy 2 ICRA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy 3 ICRA, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, I-00128 Rome, Italy 4 ICRANet-Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I–44122 Ferrara, Italy 5 ICRANet-Rio, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290–180 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 6 ICRANet-Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue 24a, Yerevan 0019, Republic of Armenia 7 Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Grand Château Parc Valrose, Nice, CEDEX 2, France 8 Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I–44122 Ferrara, Italy 9 Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute, Observatory 23, 050020 Almaty, Kazakhstan 10 Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling Lab, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy 11 Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment and Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling Lab, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy 12 Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA 13 Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy 14 INAF, Viale del Parco Mellini 84, 00136 Rome, Italy 15 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo,Via M. -
Nfap Policy Brief » O C T O B E R 2017
NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY NFAP POLICY BRIEF» O CTOBER 2017 IMMIGRANTS AND NOBEL PRIZES : 1901- 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Immigrants have been awarded 39 percent, or 33 of 85, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics since 2000. In 2017, the sole American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was an immigrant, Joachim Frank, a Columbia University professor born in Germany. Immigrant Reiner Weiss, who was born in Germany and came to the United States as a teenager, was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics, sharing it with two other Americans, Kip S. Thorne and Barry C. Barish. In 2016, all 6 American winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and scientific fields were immigrants. These achievements by immigrants point to the gains to America of welcoming talent from across the globe. It does not mean America should welcome only Nobel Prize winners. Such a policy would be impossible to implement, since most immigrant Nobel Prize winners enter the United States many years before being awarded this honor. Most people immigrate to another country in their 20s, particularly employment-based immigrants, who either study in America or come here to work shortly after obtaining a degree abroad. The average of age of Nobel Prize winners at the time of the award is 59.5 years, according to economist Mark J. Perry.1 Table 1 Immigrant Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics Since 2000 Immigrant Nobel Winners Since 2000 33 of 85 American winners have been immigrants Percentage of Immigrant Winners Since 2000 39% Source: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, National Foundation for American Policy, George Mason University Institute for Immigration Research. -
Vatican Observatory N E W S L E T T
vatican observatory NEWSLETTER Spring 2012 embracing, encouraging and promoting scientific study VOF Honors Benefactors at Circles of Giving Awards Dinner DID YOU KNOW? German Jesuit Christoph Cla- vius’s viewing of the total solar eclipse of 1560 made him de- cide that astronomy would be his life's work? He went on to write numerous textbooks and Rich Friedrich and Peter Moore was the senior mathematician on Fr. DiUlio and Marianne Augustine of the Pacific Western Foundation the commission for the reform of On February 24, 2012, the Vatican Observatory Foundation honored friends and benefactors who have so the calendar in 1582. The Vatican generously supported the work of the Vatican Observatory over time. Each year as donors reach a certain Observatory Foundation rec- lifetime giving level, they achieve a Circle of Giving designation and are recognized and thanked publicly ognizes his contribution to the by the President and Board of Directors as well as their fellow benefactors and friends. Each Circle of Giv- field by welcoming benefactors of ing is named in honor of one of the exceptional individuals connected with astronomy, the Society of Jesus $10,000 to the Christoph Clavius and the Vatican Observatory. At this year’s dinner four honorees were present to receive awards from Circle of Giving. Foundation President Fr. Albert J. DiUlio, S.J., and Board Chairman, Richard J. Friedrich. They included Christoph Clavius Bill Ahmanson of The Ahmanson Foundation; Marianne Augustine; Peter Moore of the Pacific Western Foundation; and Dan Cracchiolo of The Steele Foundation, whose award was accepted by his sister, Rose Collins. -
Icranet Activities with Brazil
ICRANet activities with Brazil ICRANet-IRAP PhD Fellowships to Brazilian Students pp. 1-17 Part 1 CAPES-ICRANet Program I cycle – 2013-2016 Part 2 p. 19 2. a – IRAP Ph. D. Program pp. 21-27 2. b – Postdoctoral Program in Europe/Asia pp. 29-42 2. c – Postdoctoral Program in Brazil pp. 43-54 2. d – Senior Visitors in Brazil pp. 55-66 2. e – Senior Visitors in Europe/Asia pp. 67-78 0 1. ICRANet-IRAP PhD Fellowships to Brazilian Students index - de Barros, Gustavo 3 - Pereira, Jonas Pedro 7 - Sversut Arsioli, Bruno 11 - Gomes de Oliveira, Fernanda 15 - Maiolino, Tais 17 1 2 de Barros, Gustavo Position: IRAP PhD – Fifth Cycle, 2006-09 Current position: Professor Adjunto Centro Universitário da Zona Oeste – OEZO Publications: -) Patricelli, B.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bianco, C. L.; Caito, L.; de Barros, G.; Izzo, L.; Ruffini, R.; Vereshchagin, G. V.; “Analysis of GRB 080319B and GRB 050904 within the Fireshell Model: Evidence for a Broader Spectral Energy Distribution”; The Astrophysical Journal, 756 (2012), id. 16; DOI: 10.1088/0004- 637X/756/1/16 -) Bianco, C. L.; Amati, L.; Bernardini, M. G.; Caito, L.; De Barros, G.; Izzo, L.; Patricelli, B.; Ruffini, R.; “The class of ``disguised'' short GRBs and its implications for the Amati relation”; Memorie della Società Astronomica Italiana Supplement, 21 (2012), 139. -) Patricelli, B.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bianco, C. L.; Caito, L.; de Barros, G.; Izzo, L.; Ruffini, R.; Vereshchagin, G.; “High Energetic Gamma Ray Bursts and Their Spectral Properties Within the Fireshell Model”; International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, 12 (2012), pp. -
A Proposed Italian Contribution to the Mirax Scientific Payload 51
IL NUOVO CIMENTO Vol. 34 C, N. 3 Maggio-Giugno 2011 DOI 10.1393/ncc/i2011-10867-0 Colloquia: Scineghe2010 A proposed Italian contribution to the MIRAX Scientific Payload L. Amati(1),M.Feroci(2),F.Frontera(3), C. Labanti(1),A.Vacchi(4), A. Argan(5), R. Campana(2),E.Costa(2), R. Ruffini(6), I. Bombaci(7), E. Del Monte(2), I. Donnarumma(2), A. Drago(3), Y. Evangelista(2), R. Farinelli(3), G. Ghirlanda(8),G.Ghisellini(8),C.Guidorzi(3), F. Fuschino(1), F. Lazzarotto(2), D. Lazzati(9),P.Malcovati(10), M. Marisaldi(1), E. Morelli(1),F.Muleri(2), M. Orlandini(1), L. Pacciani(2), E. Pian(11),M.Rapisarda(2),A.Rubini(2), R. Salvaterra(12), P. Soffitta(2), L. Titarchuk(3),A.Traci(1), A. Rashevsky(4),G.Zampa(4),N.Zampa(4), N. Auricchio(1),A.Basili(1),E.Caroli(1),E.Maiorano(1),N.Masetti(1), L. Nicastro(1), E. Palazzi(1),S.Silvestri(1), J. B. Stephen(1)andJ. Braga(13) (1) INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Bologna, Italy (2) INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Rome, Italy (3) Universit`a di Ferrara - Ferrara, Italy (4) INFN, Sezione di Trieste - Trieste, Italy (5) INAF, sede centrale - Rome, Italy (6) International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network (ICRANet) - Pescara, Italy (7) Universit`adiPisa-Pisa,Italy (8) INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera - Merate, Italy (9) North Carolina State University - Raleigh, NC, USA (10) Universit`a di Pavia - Pavia, Italy (11) INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste - Trieste, Italy (12) Universit`a dell’Insubria - Como, Italy (13) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) - Sao Jos`e dos Campos, Brazil (ricevuto il 25 Febbraio 2011) Summary. -
Quantum Theory Needs No 'Interpretation'
Quantum Theory Needs No ‘Interpretation’ But ‘Theoretical Formal-Conceptual Unity’ (Or: Escaping Adán Cabello’s “Map of Madness” With the Help of David Deutsch’s Explanations) Christian de Ronde∗ Philosophy Institute Dr. A. Korn, Buenos Aires University - CONICET Engineering Institute - National University Arturo Jauretche, Argentina Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Center Leo Apostel fot Interdisciplinary Studies, Brussels Free University, Belgium Abstract In the year 2000, in a paper titled Quantum Theory Needs No ‘Interpretation’, Chris Fuchs and Asher Peres presented a series of instrumentalist arguments against the role played by ‘interpretations’ in QM. Since then —quite regardless of the publication of this paper— the number of interpretations has experienced a continuous growth constituting what Adán Cabello has characterized as a “map of madness”. In this work, we discuss the reasons behind this dangerous fragmentation in understanding and provide new arguments against the need of interpretations in QM which —opposite to those of Fuchs and Peres— are derived from a representational realist understanding of theories —grounded in the writings of Einstein, Heisenberg and Pauli. Furthermore, we will argue that there are reasons to believe that the creation of ‘interpretations’ for the theory of quanta has functioned as a trap designed by anti-realists in order to imprison realists in a labyrinth with no exit. Taking as a standpoint the critical analysis by David Deutsch to the anti-realist understanding of physics, we attempt to address the references and roles played by ‘theory’ and ‘observation’. In this respect, we will argue that the key to escape the anti-realist trap of interpretation is to recognize that —as Einstein told Heisenberg almost one century ago— it is only the theory which can tell you what can be observed. -
Black Holes and Qubits
Subnuclear Physics: Past, Present and Future Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Scripta Varia 119, Vatican City 2014 www.pas.va/content/dam/accademia/pdf/sv119/sv119-duff.pdf Black Holes and Qubits MICHAEL J. D UFF Blackett Labo ratory, Imperial C ollege London Abstract Quantum entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information theory, with applications to quantum computing, teleportation, cryptography and communication. In the apparently separate world of quantum gravity, the Hawking effect of radiating black holes has also occupied centre stage. Despite their apparent differences, it turns out that there is a correspondence between the two. Introduction Whenever two very different areas of theoretical physics are found to share the same mathematics, it frequently leads to new insights on both sides. Here we describe how knowledge of string theory and M-theory leads to new discoveries about Quantum Information Theory (QIT) and vice-versa (Duff 2007; Kallosh and Linde 2006; Levay 2006). Bekenstein-Hawking entropy Every object, such as a star, has a critical size determined by its mass, which is called the Schwarzschild radius. A black hole is any object smaller than this. Once something falls inside the Schwarzschild radius, it can never escape. This boundary in spacetime is called the event horizon. So the classical picture of a black hole is that of a compact object whose gravitational field is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Yet in 1974 Stephen Hawking showed that quantum black holes are not entirely black but may radiate energy, due to quantum mechanical effects in curved spacetime. In that case, they must possess the thermodynamic quantity called entropy. -
Numerical Methods for Radiative and Ideal Relativistic Hydrodynamics Applied to the Study of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Numerical methods for radiative and ideal relativistic hydrodynamics applied to the study of gamma-ray bursts Julio David Melon Fuksman Department of Physics University of Rome “La Sapienza” This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy IRAP PhD program Supervisor: Dr. Carlo L. Bianco September 2019 A Julio y Elena Acknowledgements I am obliged to express my gratitude towards a number of people who have helped me in different ways throughout the last three and a half years, making this work possible. First of all, I would like to thank the organizers of the IRAP PhD Program for the financial support throughout the time of my PhD. I also thank my advisor, Carlo L. Bianco, and Professors Jorge A. Rueda and Gregory V. Vereshchagin for their guidance and the many fruitful discussions we had. I thank the entire staff of Sapienza and ICRANet, in particular Cinzia Di Niccolo, Federica Di Berardino, Cristina Adamo, Silvia Latorre, Gabriele A. Brandolini, and Elisabetta Natale, for being so helpful and kind to me ever since my arrival in Pescara. I would like to thank all of the members of the Thesis Comittee and the external evaluators for aiding me in the final stage of my PhD by taking the time to read this thesis and express their judgement. Among the scientists I have met since I arrived in Italy, I must especially mention Andrea Mignone. I am indebted to you for welcoming my interest to work together and consistently trusting it would lead to a good place. Above all, however, I thank you deeply for your support in the last year, and for always finding some time to talk when I needed advice. -
Important Events in Chile
No. 87 – March 1997 Important Events in Chile R. GIACCONI, Director General of ESO The political events foreseen in the December 1996 issue of The Messenger did take place in Chile in the early part of December 1996. On December 2, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Chile, Mr. Miguel Insulza, and the Director General of ESO, Professor Riccardo Giacconi, exchanged in Santiago Instruments of Ratification of the new “Interpretative, Supplementary and Amending Agreement” to the 1963 Convention between the Government of Chile and the European Southern Observatory. This agreement opens a new era of co-operation between Chilean and European Astronomers. On December 4, 1996, the “Foundation Ceremony” for the Paranal Observatory took place on Cerro Paranal, in the presence of the President of Chile, Mr. Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, the Royal couple of Sweden, King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia, the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Chile, Mr. José Miguel Insulza, the Ambassadors of the Member States, members of the of the ESO Executive, ESO staff and the Paranal contractors’ workers. The approximately 250 guests heard addresses by Dr. Peter Creo- la, President of the ESO Council, Professor Riccardo Giacconi, Direc- tor General of ESO, Foreign Minis- ter José Miguel Insulza and Presi- dent Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle. The original language version of the four addresses follows this introduction. (A translation in English of the Span- ish text is given on pages 58 and 59 in this issue of The Messenger.) A time capsule whose contents are described in Dr. Richard West's article was then deposited by Presi- dent Frei with the works being bless- ed by the Archbishop of Antofagas- ta, Monsignor Patricio Infante. -
On the Occasion of the 14Th Marcel Grossmann Meeting
ICRANet on the occasion of the 14 th Marcel Grossmann Meeting – MGXIV in celebration of the International Year of Light 2015 the 100 th anniversary of the Einstein’s equations the golden jubilee of Relativistic Astrophysics The ICRANet Seats The University of Rome “La Sapienza” where the Physics Department hosts the ICRANet ICRANet Headquarters in Pescara (Italy). seat in Rome (Italy). ICRANet seat in Nice (France). National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, which hosts the ICRANet seat in Yerevan (Armenia). (Above:) CBPF, which hosts the ICRANet seat in Rio de Janeiro. (Below:) The planned seat at Cassino da Urca (Brazil). II This brochure reviews some background facts concerning the founding of ICRANet and its current structures and then turns to the 2015 celebrations of the Year of Light and the ICRANet initiated International Relativistic Astrophysics Ph.D. program (the IRAP-PhD). It then addresses the birth of relativistic astrophysics following the first fifty years of the existence of general relativity plagued mainly by the absence of observational or experimental activity. Four events marked the onset of relativistic astrophysics: the discovery by Schmidt of the first quasar in 1962, of Scorpius X1 by Riccardo Giacconi in 1963, of the cosmic background radiation by Penzias and Wilson in 1964, and of pulsars by Jocelyn-Bell and Antony Hewish in 1967. These events led to a systematic development of the understanding of the four pillars of relativistic astrophysics: supernovae where observations of the CRAB Nebula are still relevant today, white dwarfs and neutron stars, black holes and their first identification in Nature in Cygnus X1 found by Riccardo Giacconi with the UHURU satellite based on the conceptual background developed by our group in Princeton, and finally the discovery of gamma ray bursts as the largest energy source delivered in the shortest time of any astrophysical phenomenon. -
The Links of Chain of Development of Physics from Past to the Present in a Chronological Order Starting from Thales of Miletus
ISSN (Online) 2393-8021 IARJSET ISSN (Print) 2394-1588 International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5, Issue 10, October 2018 The Links of Chain of Development of Physics from Past to the Present in a Chronological Order Starting from Thales of Miletus Dr.(Prof.) V.C.A NAIR* Educational Physicist, Research Guide for Physics at Shri J.J.T. University, Rajasthan-333001, India. *[email protected] Abstract: The Research Paper consists mainly of the birth dates of scientists and philosophers Before Christ (BC) and After Death (AD) starting from Thales of Miletus with a brief description of their work and contribution to the development of Physics. The author has taken up some 400 odd scientists and put them in a chronological order. Nobel laureates are considered separately in the same paper. Along with the names of researchers are included few of the scientific events of importance. The entire chain forms a cascade and a ready reference for the reader. The graph at the end shows the recession in the earlier centuries and its transition to renaissance after the 12th century to the present. Keywords: As the contents of the paper mainly consists of names of scientists, the key words are many and hence the same is not given I. INTRODUCTION As the material for the topic is not readily available, it is taken from various sources and the collection and compiling is a Herculean task running into some 20 pages. It is given in 3 parts, Part I, Part II and Part III. In Part I the years are given in Chronological order as per the year of birth of the scientist and accordingly the serial number. -
Rueda Hernández, Jorge Armando
Rueda Hernández, Jorge Armando Position: Faculty Professor at ICRANet Member of ICRANet Faculty IRAP PhD Faculty Period covered: 2011-Present I Scientific Work I perform research in the following topics: • Nuclear and atomic astrophysics. • Physics and astrophysics of white dwarfs and neutron stars. • Radiation mechanisms of white dwarfs and neutron stars. • Gamma-ray busts theory. • Accretion disks, hypercritical accretion processes. • Neutrino emission from astrophysical sources. • Gravitational waves. • Exact solutions of the Einstein and Einstein-Maxwell equations in astrophysics. • Critical electromagnetic fields and non-linear electrodynamics effects in astrophysics. • Distribution of dark matter in galaxies and cosmological implications. II Conferences and educational activities II a Conferences and Other External Scientific Work In the year 2017 I presented lectures/talks in the following conferences/meetings/workshops: • “Fifth Bego Rencontre”, IRAP Ph.D. Erasmus Mundus School, 15-19 May 2017, Nice (France). • “The 2017 Annual meeting of the Division of Gravitation and Relativistic Astrophysics of the Chinese Physical Society”,25-30 June 2017, Chengdu (China). • “The Fifth Galileo-Xu Guangqi Meeting”,25-30 June 2017, Chengdu (China). • “XIII International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology”, 3-7 July 2017, Seoul (South Korea). • “15th Italian-Korean Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics”, 3-7 July 2017, Seoul (South Korea). • “Vida después de la muerte: Estrellas de neutrones y las explosiones más potentes del Universo”, Invited Talk for the High School Instituto Antonino Nariño, 12 Septemer 2017, Barrancabermeja (Colombia) • “9th European Summer School on Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics”, 17-24 September 2017, Santa Tecla (Italy). • “La notte europea dei ricercatori”, 29 September 2017, Pescara (Italy). • “Theseus Workshop”, 5-6 October 2017, Naples (Italy).