It Began with a Roar!

ZOOSAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL N OOZ MAY 2016

IT BEGAN WITH A ROAR! Special Centennial Issue: A Proud Look at Lions + 100 Years of History WITH A MOTHER’S DAY BUFFET AT THE ZOO AND SAFARI PARK THIS YEAR SUNDAY, MAY 8, 2016

CONTINUOUS SEATING BEGINS AT 11 A.M. SEATINGS AT 10 A.M. AND 1 P.M.

Enjoy the casual elegance of our Treetops Celebrate Mother’s Day at the San Diego Zoo Banquet Room as you make selections from our Safari Park with a delicious spring brunch. endless omelet bar, or choose from many generous Guests will be seated at their own reserved table, entrée choices and delectable desserts. set according to their guest count. $44.95 for adults; $18.95 for children ages 3 to 11, $44.95 for adults; $18.95 for children plus tax and gratuity. Nonmembers add Zoo admission. ages 3 to 11, plus tax and parking.

For reservations, please call 619-557-3964 Nonmembers add Safari Park admission. between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. daily. Secure your For reservations, call 619-718-3000, reservation with a credit card. or book online. May 2016 VOL. LXXXIX–NO. 03

Nooz Notes 2 Chairman’s Note; President’s Note; Save the Date; Centennial; What’s In Store; It’s Only a Number Graphically Speaking 8 Lions Revealed Discover the magnificent lion. BY AMY BLANDFORD AND WENDY PERKINS

Cover Story 10 The Life of Lion What sets the “king of beasts” apart from other big cat species? A lion’s share of unique attributes, both physical and behavioral. BY WENDY PERKINS

Features 16 Legendary Lions Lions have been a source of “pride” at the Zoo and Safari Park for 100 years! BY PEGGY SCOTT

20 The “Mane” Highlights of Lion Care Find out how keepers keep lions healthy and engaged at the Zoo and the Safari Park. BY KARYL CARMIGNANI

22 Saving Simba Why have lion populations declined more than 40 percent in the last 20 years? The king of the savanna needs our help! BY KARYL CARMIGNANI

24 100 Years of the San Diego Zoo, Part 5 The story of the San Diego Zoo continues, exploring the growth and innovative exhibits of the 1950s and 1960s. BY KAREN E. WORLEY More 14 WorldWild Tours CELEBRATE 26 Support OUR CENTENNIAL 28 That Was Then May 14, 2016 is the

Handmade to Roar About in Mexico, ur centennial year is NOOZ NOTES NOOZ $164. in full swing, with a new show at Wege- forth Bowl, beautiful short films about our conservation projects at the Bus Tour theater, and San Diego OZoo birthday parties that kicked off during Play Days in March. Now comes the biggest party of the year: our Centen- WHAT’S IN STORE? nial Community Celebration on May 14, 2016. I invite everyone in San Diego to join us for this festive, colorful, and musical tribute to 100 years of the San Show Your Pride Diego Zoo, which will be held in Balboa The king of beasts also reigns supreme at our Park, beginning at 6 p.m. at the Spreckels gift shops. Our collection of lion-centric books, apparel, Organ Pavilion. and décor items is certainly something to roar about! Zoo Ambassador Rick Schwartz will Visit our stores at the Zoo and Safari Park to see be sharing animal stories and introduc- our entire collection. Available in select stores. ing our animal ambassadors; there will be food vendors, performers, face painting, and craft making; and several Balboa Park museums will be open late, including the San Diego History Center, with its wonderful exhibition about the San Diego Zoo’s history, “The Lore Behind the Roar.” Then at 8 p.m., the main event takes place at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion stage, with a spectacular and unique perfor- Serengeti mance backed by original music from Spy book, $42. Counting Lions a 50-piece orchestra, trumpeters, and a book, $22. Vintage- 130-member choir, along with a multi- inspired tude of dancers—and some big surprises. centennial T-shirt, Special guests Joan Embery and San Di- Small-3XL, ego Mayor Kevin Faulconer will be there, $21.95. and Tony- and Grammy-winning vocalist Heather Headly, who originated the role of Nala in “The Lion King” on Broadway, will headline the show. The program ends with an opportunity for all of us to set a Guinness World Record. SHOP We are so happy to share this tre- ONLINE mendous milestone year for the San Diego Visit our new Zoo with you, looking back at our long online store at and extraordinary history and looking shopzoo.com. ahead to the future, as we seek to fulfill Recycled our vision of leading the fight against snare wire lion, $38. extinction. I hope you will join us on May 14 and help us share the “ROAR!”

2 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 AT THE SAFARI PARK

BREAKFAST FATHER’S DAY BREWMASTER DINNER WITH TIGERS BUFFET FEATURING Saturday, May 28, 2016 Sunday, June 19, 2016 Tiger Trail, Hunte Nairobi Pavilion, 8 to 9 a.m. 11:30 a.m.

Before the Safari Park opens, Celebrate the king of your pride enjoy a bountiful breakfast while in the wild setting of the Safari Park! Saturday, July 9, 2016 watching our beautiful tigers, and see A lavish buffet will include hearty Hunte Nairobi Pavilion, how the big cats start their day. Our dishes and chef’s specialties as 5:30 p.m. buffet, featuring a traditional American you raise a toast to Dad while hot breakfast, awaits you in Tiger Trail’s enjoying live entertainment. Following a visit with our animal ambassadors, a representative from Sambutan Longhouse, which offers Guests will be seated at their The Lost Abbey brewery will be on hand amazing views of our tiger habitat. own reserved table. Cost is to present selected beers, accompanied The morning also includes a keeper $44.95 for adults and $18.95 by a four-course gourmet meal. talk and tiger enrichment. for children (ages 3 to 11), plus tax Cost is $45 per person, plus tax and parking. Nonmembers Cost is $89 per person, plus tax and parking. Nonmembers add add Park admission. and parking. Must be 21 years Safari Park admission. of age or older to attend.

TO MAKE RESERVATIONS PLEASE CALL 619-718-3000 OR VISIT SDZSAFARIPARK.ORG/DINING TO BOOK ONLINE AND SEE MENUS. MAY 20, JUNE 17/JUNE 5 Plant Day & Orchid Odyssey/ Orchid Odyssey Take a self-guided Save the Date tour of our botanical What’s happening at the Zoo and gardens, or a Botanical Bus Tour; get a rare Park this month and next look inside the Zoo’s (Z) Zoo events (P) Park events Orchid House. (Z) NOOZ NOTES NOOZ MAY 1 Park’s unique surround- Epiphyllum Show ings. For reservations, and Sale call 619-718-3000 or visit Check out the “orchid sdzsafaripark.org/ cactus” that bursts dining. (P) into glorious bloom in April and May. (P) Albert’s Mother’s Day Brunch MAY 6, 7, 13, 21, 28, 29; Honor Mom with a mem- JUNE 4, 11, 17, 18, 25 orable spring brunch at All Ages Roar & the Zoo. For reservations, Snore Safari call 619-557-3964, 10 Spend the night at the a.m. to 4 p.m. daily. (Z) Safari Park with camping sleepovers for everyone. MAY 14 MAY 14, 21, 28; by a three-course dinner. 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Call 619-718-3000. (P) Centennial Community JUNE 4, 11 Ages 21 and up. (Kids’ daily. (Z) Celebration KinderTots Wild Night Out also Father’s Day Buffet MAY 7–8 This once-in-a-lifetime Children ages 18 months available at additional Treat Dad to a buffet in Garden Festival celebration of the San to 3 years have fun cost.) For reservations, wild surroundings. presented by Sparkletts Diego Zoo’s 100th birth- discovering and meeting visit zoo.sandiegozoo. For reservations: Discover beautiful and day starts at 6 p.m. at animals. To book, call org/dining-events or call sdzsafaripark.org/dining fascinating plants, Spreckels Organ Pavilion 619-557-3962 or visit 619-718-3000. (Z) or 619-718-3000. (P) enjoy family activities, in Balboa Park. Open to sandiegozoo.org. (Z) and get advice from everyone—join us! JUNE 18 garden experts. (Z) MAY 28 R•I•T•Z Gala JUNE 19–SEPTEMBER 5 Nativescapes Breakfast “It Began with a Roar” is Nighttime Zoo with Tigers presented by Cymer MAY 7, 8, 28; Garden Tour the theme for this year’s JUNE 4, 5, 25 A free guided walking Watch our tigers start Rendezvous in the Zoo Enjoy a summer full of Sunrise tour of the Park’s garden; the day—then start yours (R•I•T•Z) black-tie fun activities, live enter- Surprise Strolls begins at 10 a.m. (P) with a buffet breakfast. fund-raiser, to benefit tainment, and extended For reservations, call Learn “inside secrets” and the Children’s Zoo. (Z) summer hours. (Z) hear animal stories. Call MAY 14, 20, 21; 619-718-3000. (P) 619-718-3000 or visit JUNE 4, 10, 11 JUNE 19 JUNE 25–AUGUST 14 sandiegozoo.org. (Z) KinderNights JUNE 4 Albert’s Father’s Summer Safari Animal interaction and Albert’s Day Brunch presented by SunPower MAY 8 fun for children ages 3 to Centennial Dinner Celebrate Dad with Discover a full schedule Mother’s Day Brunch 6. For reservations, call Celebrate our centennial! a festive brunch. of activities, live enter- Treat Mom to a lovely and 619-557-3962 or visit Reception with animal For reservations, call tainment, and extended festive meal in the Safari sandiegozoo.org. (Z) ambassadors followed 619-557-3964, from summer hours. (P)

PRESIDENT/CEO’S NOTE DOUGLAS G. MYERS LET’S A Centennial Celebration TALK his month we are hosting a party that you could say was Follow 100 years in the making: our Centennial Community @sandiegozoo & Celebration, taking place on May 14, 2016, in Balboa Park. @sdzsafaripark. We decided on the location because the 1915-1916 Panama- Share your California Exposition that established Balboa Park was also #SanDiegoZoo & #SDZSafariPark the impetus for the San Diego Zoo, and we continue to be a proud part of Balboa Park memories today. We also wanted a venue large enough to invite everyone in San Diego—and we do mean everyone! on Twitter & TThere is no admission required, and we hope to see San Diegans and their families there, to say thank you Instagram. for supporting the Zoo throughout its history. It’s going to be a spectacular event—I don’t want to spoil the surprises, but suffice it to say, everyone will be “roaring” about it. I hope you will join us!

4 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 LONG LIVE ANIMALS COME CELEBRATE WITH US!

The San Diego Zoo is 100 years old this year—it’s time to party! Saturday, May 14, 2016, the San Diego Zoo is throwing a party for our 100th birthday—and the guest list is everyone in San Diego! This free-admission event in the heart of Balboa Park starts at 6 p.m. with a dazzling array of performers, music, and family activities, as you stroll through the Plaza de Panama in Balboa Park. The animal-themed main event then takes place at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion with a multitude of dancers and some extraordinary surprises, backed by original music from a 50-piece orchestra, trumpeters,LEARN and MOREa 130-member AT choir. Everyone in attendance will even help us set a Guinness World Record! sandiegozoo100.org

WAIT! THERE’S MORE. YOU’RE ALSO INVITED TO A CENTENNIAL DINNER SATURDAY, JUNE 4, 2016 6 p.m. - Reception with Animal Ambassadors in the Treetops Banquet Room 6:30 p.m. - Dinner to follow in Albert’s Restaurant

Raise a glass, and toast the centennial birthday of the San Diego Zoo. Spend an evening taking a 100-year journey, and experience the history of how our Zoo became “world famous,” along with an amazing three- course dinner prepared by our San Diego Zoo chefs. $72 per person, plus tax and gratuity. Must be 21 years of age to attend. Menu substitutions are not available for this event. Guests will be seated at tables of 8. For reservations, please call 619-718-3000 or book online at zoo.sandiegozoo.org/dining-events.

Kids’ Wild Night Out available in conjunction with the Albert’s Centennial Dinner. Additional cost is $37 per child. For more details, visit zoo.sandiegozoo.org. SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL The birth of our first (what were then called) OFFICERS Asiatic lion cubs was an Robert B. Horsman, adorable litter of three Chairman males and a female. Steven G. Tappan, Vice Chairman Judith Wheatley, Secretary NOOZ NOTES NOOZ

BOARD OF TRUSTEES Sandra Brue Javade Chaudhri Berit N. Durler Richard B. Gulley Clifford W. Hague Linda Lowenstine, D.V.M., Ph.D. Patricia L. Roscoe Steven S. Simpson TRUSTEES EMERITI Frank C. Alexander Kurt Benirschke, M.D. Thompson Fetter Bill L. Fox Frederick A. Frye, M.D. George L. Gildred Yvonne W. Larsen John M. Thornton Albert Eugene Trepte It’s only a number Betty Jo F. Williams As you “may” know, the fifth month of the year has brought many James Lauth, notable events to SDZG that featured lions as the “mane” attraction. General Counsel Douglas G. Myers, President/CEO 1944 1958 1983 2009 Charles L. Bieler, Executive Director Emeritus Leo, a “truly Two African lion On May 4, 1983, The Harry and Grace black maned lion,” cubs, Pasha and the Zoological Steele Elephant loved the camera— Tanya, arrived at the Society of San Diego Odyssey opened in THE FOUNDATION OF SAN DIEGO and vice-versa! San Diego Zoo in welcomed its first May 2009 and ZOO GLOBAL He graced the cover May of 1958. Tanya (then-called) Asiatic included African OFFICERS of the May 1944 would later deliver lion cubs, born at the lions M’bari Murray H. Hutchison, ZOONOOZ. cubs of her own Wild Animal Park. and Etosha. Chair at the Zoo. Maryanne C. Pfister, Vice Chair Susan N. McClellan, Secretary Richard M. Hills, ® The Zoological Society of San Diego was founded in Treasurer ZOONOOZ October 1916 by Harry M. Wegeforth, M.D., SAN DIEGO ZOO Mark A. Stuart, PUBLISHED SINCE 1926 as a private, nonprofit corporation that now HOURS President MAY 2016 | VOL. LXXXIX–NO. 03 does business as San Diego Zoo Global. May 1–31: 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Robert B. Horsman, June 1–17: 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. MANAGING EDITOR June 18: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Ex officio The printed ZOONOOZ® magazine (ISSN 0044-5282) is KAREN E. WORLEY June 19–30: 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. Douglas G. Myers, currently published bimonthly, in January, March, May, July, ASSOCIATE EDITOR Ex officio September, and November. Publisher is San Diego Zoo Global, SAFARI PARK PEGGY SCOTT HOURS at 2920 Zoo Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, 619-231-1515. BOARD OF DIRECTORS STAFF WRITERS Periodicals postage paid at San Diego, California, USA, May 1–27 and 30–31: WENDY PERKINS and at additional mailing offices. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Christine L. Andrews KARYL CARMIGNANI ADDRESS CHANGES: Please send to Membership Department, May 28–29: 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Joye D. Blount DONNA PARHAM P.O. Box 120271, San Diego, CA 92112. June 1–24: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Rick Bregman COPY EDITOR June 25–30: 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. Lisa S. Casey ESTON ELLIS Copyright® 2016 San Diego Zoo Global. All rights reserved. WEBSITE Douglas Dawson DESIGNER “ZOONOOZ” Reg. U.S. Pat. Office. All column and program sandiegozoo.org Berit N. Durler, Ex officio KERRI ABRAMS titles are trademarks of San Diego Zoo Global. Chris L. Eddy PHONE SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL 619-231-1515 U. Bertram Ellis, Jr. PHOTOGRAPHERS Annual Memberships: Dual $135, new; $120, renewal. Arthur E. Engel KEN BOHN Single $111, new; $99, renewal. Each membership ONLINE VERSION OF Craig L. Grosvenor TAMMY SPRATT includes unlimited entrance to the San Diego Zoo PRINT ZOONOOZ® issuu.com/sdzglobal Michael N. Hammes DIGITAL IMAGING TECHNICIAN and the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. Judith C. Harris TAMMY SPRATT Michael E. Kassan DESIGN AND PRODUCTION Subscription to ZOONOOZ magazine: $25 per year, $65 for 3 FSC® is not responsible for any Susan B. Major KAMBIZ MEHRAFSHANI years. Foreign, including Canada and Mexico, $30 per year, $81 calculations on saving resources Michael D. McKinnon for 3 years. Contact Membership Department, P.O. Box 120271, KIM TURNER by choosing this paper. Joshua Pack AMY BLANDFORD San Diego, CA 92112, for subscription information. HEIDI SCHMID-ROMERO Philip C. Seeger Ryan Sullivan LISA BISSI As part of San Diego Zoo Global’s commitment to JENNIFER MACEWEN conservation, ZOONOOZ is printed on recycled paper Thomas Tull PREPRESS AND PRINTING that is 30% post-consumer waste, chlorine free, Margie Warner QUAD GRAPHICS and is Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) certified. Ed Wilson

6 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 MAKE SOME

Our Inside Look and Discovery Cart Tours at the Zoo and Behind-the-Scenes and Cart Safaris at the Safari Park provide an up-close and personal experience you’ll always remember. Let our guides introduce you to our incredible animals while you have opportunities to get great photographs. Best of all, you can get better views of your favorite animals and ask your guide as many questions as you like. Fill your scrapbook with amazing memories of everything you encounter on your tour!

TO BOOK YOUR INSIDE LOOK OR DISCOVERY CART TOUR AT THE ZOO, OR YOUR BEHIND-THE-SCENES OR CART SAFARI AT THE SAFARI PARK, CALL 619-718-3000, OR VISIT US ONLINE AT SANDIEGOZOO.ORG OR SDZSAFARIPARK.ORG. GRAPHICALLY SPEAKING

TUFT Lions are the only cat with a tuft at the tail tip. The black tassel covers a hard spur, and may be used to signal others while hunting. Lions Revealed From their powerful call to the males’ regal, crowning mane, lions top the big cat list for a reason. Take a closer look at the king of beasts.

ILLUSTRATION BY AMY BLANDFORD | SDZG ILLUSTRATOR TEXT BY WENDY PERKINS | STAFF WRITER

ON THE RUN Female lions can sprint more than 30 miles per hour. Males are generally slower.

TOTAL PACKAGE With a brawny build and 1.5-inch-long claws, lions are built more for attacking than chasing.

8 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 WHISKER SPOTS “MANELY” The arrangement of muzzle TRUE whiskers on a lion is as unique as Not all male lions a fingerprint. Researchers can have manes. Some living use the pattern of black spots at in hot, dry regions are the base of each whisker to smooth-necked, while identify individual cats. others have a slight, sparse ruff.

MANE THROATY ROAR The color, size, and Lions and other cats abundance of the mane that roar are able to do vary among individuals so because their larynx and with age. The is located deeper enormous ruff makes VANISHING in the throat than the male look more ACT other felids. Straps of SCENT SIGNALS impressive to females, Lions were once found in muscle pull the larynx Beyond the large more intimidating Europe, Africa, the Middle even lower as the cat nostrils is a complex to rival males, and East, North America, and exhales to make the maze of nasal protects the neck northern India. Today, most sonorous sound. passages. Scent against raking claws lions live in Africa, except is a key form of during fights. for a small population communication that lives in India’s among lions. Gir Forest.

SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL / SANDIEGOZOO.ORG / 9 THE LIFE OF LION

10 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 THE LIFE OF LION They’re not the biggest living cats (tigers take that title), yet they have loomed large in human culture for centuries. What is it about lions that grips the human imagination?

BY WENDY PERKINS | STAFF WRITER PHOTOS BY KEN BOHN | SDZG PHOTOGRAPHER

It likely began with their power- Compared to other members of 15th century, and it wasn’t com- ful presence, and our fascination is the big cat genus Panthera—tigers, mon until the 1930s. Why a “pride”? revealed in the numerous depictions leopards, and jaguars—lions stand The official reasoning is lost to the of lions in art as well as on shields, out both physically and behaviorally. ages, but the sight of a group of lions banners, flags, and countless bits They are the only cat with a tufted striding along together does seem to of ephemera. It’s a reverence that tail, as well as the sole feline species to embody the confidence and satisfac- continues today. But our lionization display dramatic sexual dimorphism: tion the word conveys. (we even invoke them to indicate A pride is made up of lionesses ultimate admiration) transcends the (mothers, sisters, and cousins) and physical to include the intricacies of their cubs, a few related sub-adult their lifestyle and very being. males, and, of course, the reigning adult male. The size of the group can A CAT LIKE NO OTHER vary depending on location, usually You may have heard the lion Pan- numbering 3 to 30 individuals. In dry thera leo referred to as the “King areas with less prey, prides are smaller; of the Jungle”—but that’s an ironic habitats with more food and water al- name, because lions aren’t found in low for the survival of more members. that dense, tangled type of habitat. It isn’t uncommon to come across They are, however, one of the rulers lions that do not live in prides, of grasslands, open woodlands, and though. Called nomads, they range scrublands. They may have inhabited far and wide while following migrat- This page: other biomes in the past; lions as we ing herds of large game. They are Excellent know them once thrived in Europe, regally ruffed males are easily distin- generally young males, roaming vision and 2.5-inch-long Asia, India, and Africa. Today, guished from sleek females. And, of in pairs or small groups and often canine teeth there are two recognized subspe- course, lions are the only cats that live related to one another, but female contribute cies, Panthera leo leo and Panthera in large social groups. nomads exist, too. to the lion’s renowned leo melanchaita. There are between Related lionesses, especially the hunting ability. 17,000 and 19,000 of the leo subspe- POINT OF PRIDE older ones, usually live together. cies scattered across southern and Most people today know that a group Adult males, however, may only stay Opposite page: eastern Africa; there are only about of lions is called a pride, but that with a pride for two to three years. Lionesses are highly 1,400 of the endangered melanchaita wasn’t always the case. Although During that time, their main job is attentive to subspecies left, which live in small humans shared habitat with these to defend the pride’s territory—its cubs—both African populations and one popula- social cats for thousands of years, the pantry, so to speak. The pride spends their own and those of other tion under human protection in first evidence of a name for a group the day’s hottest hours resting. At females in India’s Gir Forest. of lions doesn’t show up until the nightfall, they disperse: females the pride.

SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL / SANDIEGOZOO.ORG / 11 Unique among cats, male lions interact with their offspring. At the Safari Park, Izu has proven to be a patient and playful father to to hunt, and males his cubs. Below: Cubs to patrol and protect have spotted coats until the boundaries of the three months of age. domain. There are almost always unaffili- ated male lions looking to take over a group of females. If the newcomers are able to vanquish the reigning males, they win the pride. The lionesses work together to hunt and rear the cubs. This cooperation streamlines their survival: they get the most from their finds a secluded spot away from the old; then at that stage, the mother hard work, increasing the odds of group to give birth. She keeps the usually runs them out of the pride. keeping everyone healthy and safe. cubs hidden for the first four to six Female cubs often stay with the pride, The division of labor between males weeks of their life, leaving them only and a mother and daughter may live and females makes sense, as lionesses to find food. Once she brings them together for life. However, as the pride are smaller, lighter, more agile, and into the presence of the pride, they continues to grow, it may split up into faster sprinters than males. not only have plenty of playmates, smaller groups that share a territory they have many “mothers.” Adult but don’t spend much time together. FEEDING THE FAMILY females will nurse any cub in the THAT ROAR… DID Hunting as a group increases the pride, not just their own. This extra YOU odds of a successful hunt; there is AND MORE KNOW? a better chance that the lions have Lions are famous for their mighty food when they need it. While hunt- roar. Under the right conditions, A sampling ing, smaller females typically chase the sonorous call can be heard up to of ways to prey toward the center of the group. three miles away and mostly serves say “lion” The larger and heavier lionesses to announce territorial ownership. Löwe ambush or capture the prey. Lion- Most people base their imitation of a (German) esses are versatile and can switch lion’s roar on what they’ve heard in jobs, depending on which females movies and television. Yet, this cat’s Simba are hunting that day and what kind vocal signature is not just a single (Swahili) of prey they are stalking. vocalization, but rather a sequence. Females—and even males—do The lion’s iconic call begins with Igonyama sometimes hunt on their own. Gen- a few fairly soft sounds that increase (Xhosa, Zulu) erally, this approach yields smaller in volume, frequency, and duration prey, such as a warthog or Thomson’s attention is a significant advan- until the full roar is realized. After León gazelle. The big prize, however, takes tage—cubs born in a pride are twice about 40 seconds, the sounds begin (Spanish) teamwork. An adult male can eat as likely to survive as those born to a to decrease, ending in a series of nearly 90 pounds of meat at a single nomad lioness. grunts. Males are able to roar when Tau (Sotho) meal, so bigger prey yields a better At three months old, cubs follow they are about one year old, and return on investment. their mother wherever she goes, and females can roar a few months later. Shumba they are weaned by the age of six Lions use their roar as one form (Shona) CLUB CUB months. How long a lion cub stays of communication. It identifies Females in a pride often give birth with its mother depends on the sex individuals, strengthens the pride’s Zaki around the same time, but not in the of the cub. Mothers generally raise bond, and lets other animals know (Hausa) same location. A lioness typically males until they are about two years the pride’s domain. Other sounds

12 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 Wrestling and batting each other helps cubs develop hunting skills.

DID YOU Lions are the only KNOW? cats with tufted tails. The black hair serves as a visual signal. Although lions get most of their moisture from their lions produce include growls, snarls, at the San Diego Zoo and the Safari prey, a water hisses, meows, grunts, and puffs, Park have their pride mates close at source is an which sound like a stifled sneeze paw, they instinctively let loose and important part of their and are used in friendly situations. sound off to any ears in the area. territory; it Lions usually roar at dawn and Anyone nearby can’t help but be draws prey dusk to communicate with pride impressed—it’s a call not only heard to a good members that might be in a different but felt! See if you experience the 46401ambush 3SanDiego spot. Zoo.pdf part 1 of 2/26/16 the territory. 3:29 PMWhile the lions roar on your next visit.

46401 3SanDiego Zoo.pdf 1 2/26/16 3:29 PM

A tip of the cap to you A tip of the cap to you Congratulations on 100 years of hope, innovation, conservation and roars! Congratulations on 100 years of hope, innovation, conservation and roars! The Coca-Cola Company. “Coca-Cola” and the Contour Bottle are registered trademarks of 6 ©20 1 The Coca-Cola Company. “Coca-Cola” and the Contour Bottle are registered trademarks of 6 Coca-Cola is proud to be San Diego Zoo and Safari Park's Ocial Beverage Sponsor. ©20 1 Coca-Cola is proud to be San Diego Zoo and Safari Park's Ocial Beverage Sponsor.

TRAVEL THE WORLD WITH THE SAN DIEGO ZOO WORLDWILD TOURS Travel with the San Diego Zoo’s WorldWild Tours™ to some of the wildest places on Earth in 2016 and 2017. Our itineraries highlight the wildlife at each destination and include expert naturalists and a San Diego Zoo Global escort, plus a group of like-minded travelers. For brochures, visit sandiegozoo.org/travel or call Julia Altieri at 619-685-3205.

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14 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 Make a smaller footprint by going solar this year.

Power your home with the advanced technology of SunPower® home solar. Our innovative panels produce 70% more energy over 25 years than conventional ones1 and can withstand the most challenging weather conditions. It’s a great feeling to reduce your electric bill while helping to sustain the home we all share. Pounce on these savings: Sign up for a free home solar evaluation at sunpower.com/SDZoo and receive a $500 mail-in rebate2 when you purchase or lease a SunPower home solar system.

1 SunPower 345W compared to Conventional Panel (250W, 15.3 efficient, approx. 1.6m2) 9% more energy per watt 0.75/yr slower degradation. BEW/DNV Engineering “SunPower Yield Report,” 2013 with CFV Solar Test lab Rpt #12063, tem coef calculation. See www.sunpowercorp.com/facts for details. 2 Rebate Terms: Only available for first-time SunPower customers and may not be applied to quotes on existing proposals or past purchases. Allow 6-8 weeks for processing. Other terms and conditions apply. See: www.sunpower.com/SDZoo. © 2016 SunPower Corporation. All Rights Reserved. SUNPOWER, SUNPOWER logo, and SMARTER SOLAR are trademarks or registered trademarks of SunPower Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.

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PROUD PROMOTIONAL PARTNER OF SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL LEGENDA RY

FromLIONS regal Rex to enchanting Miss Ellen, lions have been a major source of “pride” during our 100-year history, and these beautiful big cats continue to captivate guests at the Zoo and Safari Park.

BY PEGGY SCOTT | ASSOCIATE EDITOR PHOTOS BY SDZG

Prince (right), and his cubs were early stars at the Zoo.

16 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 The Zoo welcomed the birth of its first Masai lion cubs in 1953.

Ike and Vicky reigned in LIONS the 1950s. hile the lion is widely regarded as the new version of lion care—the hand rais- king of beasts, this regal feline also reigns ing of a cub. Little Sheba was rejected by her mother and ended up in the care supreme in San Diego Zoo lore. After all, as of veterinary hospital attendant Emily the story goes, “It began with a roar!” On that Burlingame. Sheba was so attached to fateful day in 1916, upon hearing the roar of a Emily that even after the lionness was lion in the menagerie left over from the 1915-1916 grown, she thought white coats or dress- Panama-California Exposition, did Dr. Harry es, which Emily wore, meant someone was bringing her a bottle. Wegeforth know that his inspiration for a zoo in San Diego would become The Zoo’s lion family tree branched Whis legacy to America’s Finest City, and to the zoological world? Over the out again in 1951, when Moja, Tatu, and past 100 years, many lions have graced the Zoo with their presence, and if Victoria—the Zoo’s first Masai lions— there’s one thing that has been retained over a century, it’s the lion’s endur- went on exhibit, coming to San Diego ing role as a “mane” attraction. from the “Kenya Colony in British East Africa.” The newcomers settled in nicely, with Victoria giving birth to two FELINE FOUNDING FATHERS (AND MOTHERS) cubs (sired by Moja) in July of 1953, and While vociferous Rex (he of roaring manliness—except for one soft spot: his a female cub in April of 1955. Four lion fame) may have helped prompt the cre- cubs. He calmly indulged those “little ter- cubs would mark another milestone for ation of the Zoo, his fellow felids played rors” and their games of tug-the-tail and the Zoological Society of San Diego in a role in making the place a “must-see.” pounce-on-pop, even taking care to not 1983, as the Safari Park (formerly called The birth of the Zoo’s first-ever lion cubs, let his heavy, drowsiness-laden head drop the Wild Animal Park) welcomed its Faith, Hope, and Charity, in 1917 seemed onto the little cubs as they snoozed, draped first birth of what were then known as to indicate that the big cats were doing across his paws. Fatherhood certainly Asiatic lions. The cubs, three males and pretty well in the foundling Zoo. Lions seemed to agree with Prince—he ended a female, were born to mother Munda, Prince, Cleopatra, and Rena were at the up siring 19 offspring! Another early lion, and were an important contribution to center of zookeeping history in 1923, Babe, also possessed great patience for our conservation efforts. when a donation from Zoo benefactor offspring and their penchant for tail biting. Ellen Browning Scripps funded the con- Lots of lion cubs were born in those early TODAY’S CATS struction of the first two open-air grotto years—Cleopatra had 33 babies over an OF CHARACTER exhibits in the US—one for bears and the 8-year period! In our 100-year history, 130 The San Diego Zoo Safari Park has had other for the Zoo’s pride of lions. lions have been born at the Zoo. lions on exhibit since it opened in 1972, Prince was the picture of lion-esque In 1941, Zoo staff would experience a and it has welcomed 73 births over

SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL / SANDIEGOZOO.ORG / 17 the years. In 2004, the Safari Park’s Lion Camp: The Sylvia G. Straton Lion Savanna opened, with six adorable young Transvaal lion cubs from a facil- ity in South Africa. Three of them, now Clockwise 12 years old, still live at Lion Camp: from top: Izu, the regal male, playful Mina, Evelyn, Miss Ellen, Ernest, and and lioness-in-charge Oshana. Many Marion; M’bari of their 18 surviving cubs from over and Etosha; the years are now residing in other Ken and Dixie. zoos, but 6 are still here. Two-year-old brother-and-sister duo Ken and Dixie, who were hand raised at Lion Camp, will move to other facilities in order to support genetic diversity. And given their personalities—Ken is a playful, loving boy, and Dixie is a firecracker— they are sure to win hearts wherever they go. Lion Camp’s youngest lions, a four- some born in July of 2014, are keeping things quite lively. Outgoing Ernest is the curious one, and Miss Ellen likes being the beauty queen. Marion is the warthogs also influenced the Timon with his majestic bearing and late-af- litter’s peacekeeper—unlike Evelyn, and Pumbaa characters.) ternoon bouts of roaring, while keepers who is the boss of the group and takes Two of the original Lion Camp describe Etosha as mellow and sweet. after her mother, Oshana, with her residents, M’bari and Etosha, now hold We are proud of our lions and their feisty personality. court in the Harry and Grace Steele key role in the Zoo’s story. A sculpture of Not only are the Park’s lions iconic Elephant Odyssey at the Zoo. At this Prince on the Zoo’s entrance plaza hon- to keepers, staff, and guests, they’ve “kingdom,” guests get close enough to ors the iconic status of lions in San Diego also contributed to pop culture. When count the cats’ whisker spots and bask Zoo history and makes for a memorable working on The Lion King, Walt Disney in the lions’ golden gaze, and specially photo opportunity. To San Diegans, lions Pictures’ animators visited the Safari heated rocks make the perfect loung- are symbolic of their zoo, and will be a Park and our lions for inspiration for ing spot for the king of beasts. Ever the source of much “pride” for the next 100 the movie. (The Zoo’s meerkats and maned monarch, M’bari awes visitors years and beyond.

The San Diego Zoo and Safari Park have been home to many notable lions No Lion throughout the years. Here are just a few of those charismatic big cats.

PRINCE SHEBA MUNDA IZU ETOSHA One of the Zoo’s early Born in 1941, In 1983, she had our An original Lion The fastest way residents, Prince had Sheba was the first first (formerly called) Camp resident, Izu is to this mellow a particular soft spot lion cub to be hand Asiatic lion cubs. the proud father girl’s good side for his cubs. raised at the Zoo. of 18 cubs. is with food!

18 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 &

May 7 and 8, 2016 Come to the Zoo to celebrate all things green and flowering during this year’s GARDEN FESTIVAL presented by Sparkletts.

Our theme for this centennial year is “SEE HOW WE’VE GROWN.” Discover how the Zoo’s botanical wonders have blossomed, branched out, and transformed the San Diego Zoo during its 100 years, with special tours, displays, family activities, and a chance to talk with our garden experts. After all, we’d be nowhere without plants! THE “MANE” HIGHLIGHTS OF LION CARE A great deal goes into keeping the lions at the Zoo and the Safari Park healthy and challenged.

BY KARYL CARMIGNANI | STAFF WRITER PHOTOS BY KEN BOHN | SDZG PHOTOGRAPHER

One of the most recognizable and in a good mood, they play and tug admired creatures on the planet, each others’ tails,” said Kimberly African lions at the Zoo and the Hyde, senior keeper. “But if he’s Safari Park draw visitors like dress grouchy, it’s obvious that she is Above: Like cats pants attract cat hair. Even in avoiding him and staying out of his everywhere, lion slumber—a common activity—the way.” Then the keepers know not to cubs love boxes! tawny cats are a sight to behold. ask M’bari to do anything out of his These enrichment items provide Big, bold, brainy, and bewitching, comfort zone. “They are a strongly them with lots lions can be challenging to keep bonded pair,” she said, “and they of exploration challenged, but keepers pull out have very different personalities.” and activity. all the stops to ensure the cats Indeed, each lion exhibits its own Right: have compelling enrichment and type of felid charm. The Zoo is Keepers train the stay healthy. home to two lions, and nine lions lions in husbandry behaviors that As highly social animals, live at the Park. help keep Panthera leo also bring big-cat them healthy. drama to the fore, so keepers are GOOD PUPILGOOD PUPIL Facing page: dialed into pride and pair dynamics. For instance, keep- Cultivating animal husbandry behaviors is “the result of Izu enjoys his ers at the Zoo can gauge the mood of 12-year-old M’bari, practice, patience, and professional protocols,” said Safari “blood-sicle” treat. the regal male, by the actions of his mate, Etosha. “If he’s Park keeper Lacey Byrnes. While it may look like magic,

20 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 it is “through the use of operant conditioning, positive blood draws from the tail. Though it is a lengthy process, reinforcement, and trust-based relationships that keepers it is not impossible, and collecting these samples from the can train cats to demonstrate a variety of behaviors that cats is important in managing their health. “Collecting allow us to provide the best care possible.” Never was blood samples enables us to check for signs of infection that more pressing than when a lion youngster named or organ dysfunction, as well as test for heartworm and Ernest at the Safari Park was diagnosed with a cataract monitor their response to vaccines to make sure they are in his eye. Part of the post-surgical protocol was for the still protected,” said Dr. Cora. one-year-old cat to have eye drops applied three times a day. Given our protected-contact practices, where there A MATTER OF CHOICE is always a secure barrier between staff and potentially As social big cats, lion prides have a certain amount of dangerous animals, keepers had to find a way to adminis- “fun” built into their activities by interacting with group ter the eye drops through the mesh. members. But keepers also keep things interesting for Training began before his surgery. “We used a four- their charges with a variety of other stimuli. To keep the inch-long pipette that could fit through the mesh, and cats’ prowling skills honed, keepers provide “meatball with the other hand fed Ernest a special meat mixture hunts” with hand-rolled meat treats hidden throughout while we flushed his eye,” explained Janet Lawhon, lead the exhibit. The cats are also crazy for scents like kitchen keeper. As the lion recovered from his procedure in herbs, animal hair, and high-end perfume, which they November 2015, he eagerly went along with the thrice- rub their faces on and roll in like a field of catnip. Kim- then twice-daily eye treatment, and berly said it is a natural lion behavior to then it was down to once a day. He “mask the predator scent” to improve finished his follow-up eye care in hunting success. LIONS: February and is now good as new! At the Park, Izu adores rolling in THE STATS wood shavings and minty scents like BIG CAT TRAINING wintergreen and peppermint, said To monitor the health of the lions Janet. “He also loves boxes, and will 21 at the Zoo and the Safari Park, protect one like a prey item!” At the Hours they sleep a day keepers train them in several basic Zoo, M’bari’s favorite scent is elephant husbandry behaviors, including dung, which he covers himself in. He is present paw, open mouth, rise up, also quite fond of his big, white barrel— lie down, roll over, station/target which “he prefers over food,” so keepers 30 Years lions station, and crate. Other behaviors have to be mindful when they give it to can live that take a great deal of time and him, or he won’t eat his supper. To help in zoos patience on both sides of the mesh beat the heat on warm days, the cats get are blood draws from the tail and frozen “blood-sicles” as a special treat, having the cats accept injections while awake. “Vaccina- in addition to their beef-based diet. At the Zoo, keepers 40 tions for rabies, feline viruses, and canine distemper can sometimes add tilapia fish to the pool, which the lions can How many be administered while they are anesthetized for a routine catch and eat. “Etosha doesn’t like to eat them, but M’bari inches long physical exam,” explained Dr. Cora Singleton, associate enjoys catching them,” said Kimberly. a lion’s tail veterinarian at the Zoo, “but it is helpful if the cats will can be accept the injections without a trip to the hospital.” These THE DOCTOR IS IN behaviors will benefit the cats as they age, since lions are So, how can you tell if the “king of beasts” is ailing? “The susceptible to diseases similar to those of domestic cats, first indicators come from the keepers,” said Dr. Cora. 10 including kidney issues, arthritis, and cancer. “They are amazing at picking up subtle changes in an Pounds For injections, the lion is asked to station, pressing its animal’s gait, appetite, activity level, even the way they’re of food Izu (adult male) side against the mesh. While one keeper rewards the be- chewing.” For lions and their voracious appetite for meat eats per day havior with delicious meat bits, the other keeper gives the and bones, chipping a tooth is not unusual. The “open cat a little poke on the flank with a finger, then a pencil, wide” behavior is a great way to monitor the lions’ oral and eventually an empty hypodermic needle. “You can’t health. Additionally, keepers can call the cats over and 5 rush it,” said Kimberly. At the Zoo, M’bari is slow to catch feed them by hand, providing a few precious moments to Pounds of food on, as he is not a fan of change, but Etosha, who “pretty get a close look at them—and ensuring that each animal is Oshana (adult much likes anyone who feeds her,” is a quick study. getting its fair share. The attentive daily care that each lion female) eats Similar behavioral training at the Zoo and Park goes into receives is something to roar about. per day

SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL / SANDIEGOZOO.ORG / 21 Lion pride members “divide and conquer” the hunting, protection, and cub-raising chores.

S AV I N G SIMBA The elimination of top predators destabilizes ecosystems, setting off far-reaching and unpredictable reactions along the food chain.

BY KARYL CARMIGNANI | STAFF WRITER PHOTOS BY KEN BOHN | SDZG PHOTOGRAPHER

Lions have been padding across the savanna for centuries, vying for mates, raising cubs, and cooperatively chasing down prey. The lions’ finely tuned dance with their habitat has helped keep the complex ecosystem in balance: apex predators control hoofed animal populations, as well as keeping them wary and on the move, thus not overgrazing any one area. Countless other creatures rely on the lions’ leftovers to survive. With their broad habitat tolerance, lions once roamed across most of Africa, and even lived in Greece, the Middle East, and into southern India. They are now found only south of the Sahara Desert and in a small population surviving in India’s Gir Forest.

22 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 “Without lions as the apex predator, the entire ecosystem is thrown out of balance. This causes a cascading effect that results in numerous other extinctions or invasions by nonnative species,” explained Carmi Penny, San Diego Zoo Global director of collec- tions husbandry science and curator of mammals. People who live in and near lion habitat—and who often compete Local people with native hoofed animals because use technologies their grazing livestock push out these like GPS to track and protect lions. prey species—will feel the crash of lion populations first. Left unchecked, -na tive animals will overgraze vegetation, leaving little for livestock, and resulting in hardship for the local people. DOWNWARD TREND alone, about 400 lion-related human Lion Panthera leo populations declined deaths were documented between 1997 HELPING PEOPLE by about 43 percent between 1993 and and 2007. For pastoralists, who rely on HELP LIONS 2014, according to the IUCN Red List. the meat, milk, and blood of their cattle In order to change the dynamic and A bloody combination of forces has led and goats to survive, lions preying on prevent this catastrophe, San Diego Zoo to this drastic decline: indiscriminate their livestock can have a huge adverse Global provides funds to two boots- killing of the big cats in retaliation for effect, ranging from $290 to $370 per on-the-ground partner organizations taking livestock or human life, and the owner each year. Nomadic pastoralists, that work to protect habitat and wildlife depletion of the lion’s prey base (large, often children, can inadvertently walk diversity: Ewaso Lions and the Northern wild herbivores), animals that are often into lion territory as Rangelands Trust. To consumed by burgeoning human popu- they herd their flocks to be successful, strategies lations. Compounding the pressure is fresh pastures in search DID YOU to save lions (and other the poaching of the cats for their body of grazing, alongside KNOW? wildlife) must respect parts, which are illegally traded for use wild herbivores. Taxonomists have and incorporate the in Asian folk remedies. Poorly regulated To head off a family’s found that the needs of local people. By trophy hunting can also pose a threat by economic or personal lion’s closest living showing that predators removing the “biggest and baddest” male disaster, “lions are relatives are the like lions are critical to lions from an area, which can disrupt or persecuted intensely in jaguar and leopard. the health and diver- destroy lion prides. As human popula- livestock areas across sity of the ecosystem, tions have increased, so have threats to Africa,” according to these community-based lions, including habitat loss. The lion has the IUCN. This includes tainting cattle conservancies benefit both humans disappeared from about 80 percent of its carcasses with poison, which lions often and animals. They foster understand- BY KARYL CARMIGNANI | STAFF WRITER African range; estimates say less than return to after a bout of feeding. The ing that the occasional loss of a cow or PHOTOS BY KEN BOHN | SDZG PHOTOGRAPHER 20,000 wild lions survive in Africa today. lions then suffer a prolonged, excruciat- goat is acceptable, because of the greater Like most conservation issues, saving ing death, as do many other animals in good to the community by having lions lions is a complex, multilayered, coop- the food chain, including scavengers present. At the same time, these partner erative proposition. While it is easy for like hyenas and vultures. organizations are also helping to develop “city slickers” to shake our fists at locals programs to better control and protect who kill these clever and ecologically DELICATE BALANCE livestock. While human-lion conflict important carnivores, the fact is, the cats But lions serve a keystone role in may continue to occur, through educa- can be a menacing threat to the liveli- their habitats, keeping hoofed animal tion and community support, people hood and families of people who share populations of zebra, buffalo, giraffe, can learn to live with lions, and stronger, the habitat. In southeastern Tanzania and antelope in check and mobile. healthier ecosystems will prevail.

SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL / SANDIEGOZOO.ORG / 23 10 0 Y E A R S O F T H E SAN DIEGO ZOO

Part 5: Innovation, 1957-1966 ice. From time to time, Dr. Schroeder also ordered huge ice blocks to go in the pool. around every corner. It was an innova- New moated grotto enclosures for BY KAREN E. WORLEY MANAGING EDITOR tive, dynamic concept that Dr. Schroeder the Zoo’s gorillas opened in 1962. They worked on with a team of young design- provided logs and rocks for climbing, PHOTOS BY SDZG ers, including Chuck Faust, who would go resting places with a view, and room for on to become the Zoo’s exhibit designer, elaborate games of chase. Dr. Schroeder, fter many years of planning, and Bill Noonan, who would become the Chuck Faust, and the curators worked an exciting extension of the Zoo’s graphic designer. on the plans for months, measuring and Zoo opened in June of 1957: The opening of the Children’s Zoo testing to see how the exhibits should be the Children’s Zoo. Then kicked off a series of innovative new designed for the benefit of the gorillas, Zoo director Dr. Charles exhibits. One idea that had been tried but also to keep them from getting out. Schroeder had seen two first in the Children’s Zoo As Faust said, “It was children’s zoos on his was a walk-through avi- exciting to work on such travels and recognized ary. It had worked so well BACK IN TIME a new idea—but then the appeal they had for families. The there that Dr. Schroeder Discover much more you had to be the one “little zoo within a zoo” was a pioneering and his team decided to about the San Diego standing in front when A Zoo’s 100 years concept, designed and built specifically try it in the main Zoo. In the animals first went in.” for children—everything was kid sized, 1958, Scripps Aviary was of history on our Albert, Bouba, and Bata centennial website: from the exhibits and railings to the bath- renovated and remod- moved into one of the sandiegozoo100.org rooms and drinking fountains. On open- eled, creating a winding exhibits, and Vila, Chuck, ing day, the line to get in snaked along pathway inside it so that Trib, and Yula moved into the path all the way to the front plaza. guests could now enter the the adjoining one—and Entrance was 15 cents, and every child exhibit and stroll among the birds for all went well, to Faust’s relief. On open- proudly offered their dime and nickel, the first time. ing day, the crowds were huge, including then raced in to see the new wonders. Dr. Schroeder also set in motion many television broadcast crews. The Petting Paddock presented a revitalization of moated enclosures Moated giraffe exhibits also opened animals that children could touch and throughout the Zoo. He didn’t like chain in 1962. People thought the giraffes could interact with, including the Galápagos link and wire, and he wanted to expand walk right out, but after testing it, Dr. tortoises that many San Diegans remem- what Dr. Harry had started with open Schroeder and the team discovered that ber riding when they were young. The grotto exhibits. One new exhibit was the giraffes stayed away from the moat. Children’s Zoo was designed like a maze, for the polar bears, which opened in For many years, Dr. Schroeder showed with only a few exhibits visible at a time, 1960. It included a pool, a slide, climbing off the exhibit proudly and explained the providing the sense of a new discovery structures, and white walls to simulate concept, ending with what became his

24 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 10 0 Y E A R S O F T H E SAN DIEGO ZOO

famous line, “It’s great…and it works!” of how to nurse her properly. So keepers have a piece. Dr. Schroeder From left to right: Open, moated Three young Baringo giraffes shared one needed to bring Alvila to the Children’s served the first pieces, and exhibits for giraffes exhibit: Topper, Freckles, and Checkers, Zoo nursery to be hand raised. Visitors volunteers from Scout groups opened for the first who arrived in 1962. Longtime residents flocked to see the baby ape as she grew. and Zoo School took over time in 1962. Alvila Waffles and Dolly, reticulated giraffes, The Zoo’s 50th birthday took place from there. By 3 p.m. that was the first gorilla born at the Zoo, in shared the other exhibit. in 1966, with a celebration called the day, more than 30,000 pieces 1965. There was In the early 1960s, the San Diego Golden Jubilee. The Zoo hosted an inter- of cake had been served. much excitement Zoo made big news with the first koala national wildlife conservation confer- The children’s birthday about the opening of the Children’s births in North America. Matilda, the ence that year, and international flags party kicked off “Zoo50,” Zoo in 1957, one of first joey to make an appearance, was adorned the front entrance. The AAZPA a week of celebrations. The the Zoo’s greatest actually a stowaway: she was already in also held their national conference in San honored guest was Dr. Jane innovations during the decade. Vicki her mom’s pouch when a group of koalas Diego, where the Zoo awarded its first Goodall, who gave several the koala was big came to the Zoo in late 1959. She was so Conservation Medals. For Dr. Schroeder, presentations around town news in 1960, small no one knew she was there—until conservation was an important emphasis and at the Zoo. At the as the first joey conceived and she poked her head out a few months for the celebration, and for the Zoo. He birthday party, she helped born in the US. later! A second joey, named Vicki, was and other zoo directors were very aware Dr. Schroeder cut a special Special guests at born in 1960, and she was the first koala of the increasing problem of species birthday cake, along with the Golden Jubilee 50th birthday both conceived and born at the Zoo. The becoming endangered. Marshall Thompson, star of celebration Zoo received the prestigious Edward H. Dr. Schroeder and the staff were the popular television show included Dr. Jane Bean Award from the American Asso- proud to show off the spic-and-span Zoo Daktari. Dr. Goodall was Goodall and TV star Marshall ciation of Zoological Parks and Aquari- to the conference delegates. The outdoor also the featured speaker at Thompson, who ums (AAZPA, now the Association of moving sidewalk, Turtletorium, Hum- the Safari Supper for Zoo helped director Dr. Zoos and Aquariums, AZA) in 1961 for mingbird Aviary, and Skyfari were all new members and guests, which Schroeder cut the this birth. It would be the beginning ideas that Dr. Schroeder had implement- was held at the Convention birthday cake. of a highly successful koala breeding ed. By the Golden Jubilee, the San Diego Hall and attended by more program at the Zoo. Zoo had the world’s largest collection of than 3,500 people. The Zoo was in the news again in exotic animals. It was looking very differ- The year 1966 was truly a golden 1965, with Alvila, the Zoo’s first gorilla ent than it had a decade earlier. one for the Zoo, and it marked a time of birth. She was only the seventh gorilla In honor of the Golden Jubilee, a great strides for the Zoological Society that had been born in any zoo world- birthday party for the children of San Di- of San Diego. wide. Her name was a combination of ego was held at the Zoo on April 3, 1966. her father’s, Albert, and her mother’s, A huge birthday cake composed of 314 Coming in July: 100 Years of the San Diego Vila. After the birth, Vila tried to care for decorated sheet cakes was set up along Zoo, Part 6: New Era (1967 to 1976) and her baby, but she couldn’t get the hang the front plaza and guests were invited to Part 7: Conservation (1977 to 1986).

SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL / SANDIEGOZOO.ORG / 25 SUPPORT

PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE WITH FELINE FLAIR When Marguerite Stewart had a close encounter with Riki-San, one of the Zoo’s young clouded leopards, a few years back at a donor event, it was one of her all-time cat highlights. She was delighted with Riki-San—who loves to play (and is sometimes naughty!)—and enjoyed meeting new friends at Backstage Pass. This is just one experience that led Marguerite to create an estate plan with San Diego Zoo Global, designating her life insurance policy for the care of big cats at the Zoo through the Wegeforth Endowment Fund.

BY MARY SEKULOVICH | SENIOR EDITOR, DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT PHOTO BY TAMMY SPRATT | SDZG PHOTOGRAPHER

any of us have friends who are cat lovers, and then there is Marguerite Stewart. Her family always had cats, and Marguerite has endearing stories about them all. When she was a child, a neighbor rescued two litters of kittens and brought them all to her to raise. She fondly remembers two of her cats, Taffy and Blackie. When Taffy had five kittens, they didn’t survive; so she looked at Blackie’s four new kittens and decided she would carry them off as her own—one by one—until Blackie noticed and moved her litter to a high place on top of a wardrobe! When Marguerite met Jim Stewart in May 1966, they were working for Hughes Aircraft—and then they married in June! “Sometimes it’s just meant to be,” she said. “It was a wonderful mar- riage.” The young couple was still a cat family, and she remembers one of their cats was named “Dog” because Jim thought he behaved like one. When they lived in Palos Verdes, they heard of a co-worker in the San Fernando Valley who was giving away kittens, so they welcomed Smoky, a long-hair, and Potluck, a multicolored feline. M26 / ZOONOOZ / MAY 2016 Smiles all around: Jabari the African serval came from Backstage Pass to meet Marguerite.

WHAT KIND OF LEGACY WILL YOU LEAVE? After they retired and moved to the desert to and the Wegeforth Endowment Fund specifically To learn more about ways you can make a difference be near great golf courses, they took in Duke and supports the best possible care and ensures our through estate planning Duchess, and the cats moved with them to Lake animals have safe and enriching habitats. She for the San Diego Zoo and San Marcos. Once settled in San Diego County in sees the Zoo as a stable organization, one she can the amazing animals in our the 1990s, Marguerite and Jim began visiting the count on to carry out her estate wishes. care, please contact us at Zoo and soon became members, where they always Marguerite likes the fact that you don’t need zoolegacy.org or call went to see the big cats first, naturally. to donate funds today: nothing comes out of 619-557-3993 for your Before Marguerite lost Jim a few years ago, after 46 pocket immediately, but it still benefits the Zoo FREE Wills Guide. great years together, she described them as quintes- and its animals in the future. She feels secure sential home bodies who enjoyed gardening, road that her life insurance policy will help the Zoo, trips—like those to California’s gold country, because and she feels good about entrusting it to such a great Jim was a history buff and loved stories of the Old wildlife organization. West—golfing excursions, and regular Zoo visits. Marguerite doesn’t have a cat at home now, other Marguerite shared why her estate plan includes her than two small plush leopards from the opening of life insurance policy, and why she chose the Wegeforth the Asian Leopard exhibit last year. But who knows, Endowment Fund. As she explains, the San Diego Zoo one may stroll into her garden one day and make has a long history—100 years of great animal care— itself at home. And she would not mind one bit.

SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL / SANDIEGOZOO.ORG / 27 THAT WAS THEN

Sheba, the Baby Lioness In February 1942, the story of a little lioness named Sheba TODAY AT THE ZOO captured the hearts of ZOONOOZ readers. Abandoned by Through our many her mother after a few weeks, the little tyke was whisked into decades of caring for orphaned animals, the care of Zoo staff, who gamely rode the roller coaster we’ve built a strong of caring for a tender, young exotic animal. knowledge base in the diet and care needs of hundreds It is not always a simple matter to raise wild animals by hand, as the milk from each species of of species. While animal varies widely as to butterfat, water and minerals, so that many die within the first few we always root for days…“Sheba” grew very well for about six weeks when one morning, Mrs. Burlingame reported our animal mothers that “Sheba” was losing her hair…hemorrages began to occur in the mouth, ears, eyes, and between to raise their own the toes….Similar symptoms are known to occur in people from a lack of vitamin C, and, although young, when help is we have been taught that cats are not supposed to require vitamin C, it was decided that orange needed our Neonatal Assisted Care team juice would be given a trial….in Sheba’s case, it was the difference between a sick and well cat. deftly steps in. Within a short time, [Sheba] was again playing with the young jaguar and chewing the nipples from her nursing bottles almost as fast as they could be replaced.

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