T H A M E S V A L L E Y ARCHAEOLOGICAL S E R V I C E S
Bronze Age field boundaries at Six Acres, Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire
Archaeological Excavation
by David Sanchez and Maisie Foster
Site Code: TRW16/134
(SU 5985 9338) A Later Bronze Age trackway at Six Acres, Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire
An Archaeological Excavation
For Rectory Homes
by David Sanchez and Maisie Foster
Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd
Site Code TRW16/134
December 2019 Summary
Site name: Six Acres, Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire
Grid reference: SU 5985 9338
Site activity: Excavation
Date and duration of project: 9th - 17th October 2019
Project coordinator: Steve Ford
Site supervisor: David Sanchez
Site code: TRW 16/134
Area of site: c. 0.08ha
Summary of results: The archaeological excavations revealed a number of recut ditches and gullies forming a trackway of Late Bronze Age - early Iron Age date. Although dating evidence was not plentiful, it was all reasonably consistent.
Location and reference of archive: The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading and will be deposited at Oxfordshire Museums Service in due course.
This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. All TVAS unpublished fieldwork reports are available on our website: www.tvas.co.uk/reports/reports.asp.
Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford 16.12.19 Steve Preston 13.12.19
i Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; email [email protected]; website: www.tvas.co.uk A Later Bronze Age trackway at Six Acres, Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire An Archaeological Excavation
by David Sanchez and Maisie Foster
with contributions by Ceri Falys, Joanna Pine, Richard Tabor and Steve Ford
Report 16/134d
Introduction
An archaeological excavation was carried out by Thames Valley Archaeological Services over three targeted areas on an irregular parcel of land situated centrally within the village of Warborough, Oxfordshire (SU 5985
9338). The work was commissioned by Mr Steven Kerry of Rectory Homes, Rectory House, Thame Road,
Haddenham, Buckinghshire, HP17 8DA.
Planning permission (P17/S0241/FUL) has been granted by South Oxfordshire District Council to erect new houses on site. The consent was subject to conditions (24 and 25) relating to archaeology. This is in accordance with the Department for Communities and Local Government's National Planning Policy
Framework (NPPF 2018), and the council's policies on archaeology. Evaluation of the site by geophysical survey and trial trenching had revealed undated linear features (ditches) and therefore three small areas were targeted for excavation in order to investigate these features and attempt to provide dating evidence.
The field investigation was carried out to a specification approved by Mr Richard Oram, planning archaeologist of Oxfordshire County Archaeological Services, the archaeological adviser to the District Council.
The fieldwork was undertaken by David Sanchez, Luciano Cici, Cosmo Bacon, Michael Paine and Cat Gregori, between 9th and 17th October 2019, and the site code is TRW 16/134.
The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading and will be deposited with Oxfordshire Museums Service in due course.
Location, topography and geology
The site is located within the centre of Warborough village in the Thames valley (Fig. 1), with Thame Road to the west, the rear of properties fronting Quaker Lane and The Green South to the north, open fields lie to the east and the grounds of St Laurence Church of England Primary School to the south (Fig. 2). The site is relatively flat and lies at a height of 48m above Ordnance Datum. The underlying geology is mapped as river gravel (BGS
1980). The areas targeted for excavation were to the east and west of the site, where trenches 5, 23 and 24 were placed during the evaluation (Fig 2.).
1 Archaeological background
The archaeological potential of the site has been highlighted in a briefing note provided by Oxfordshire County
Archaeological Service (Oram 2017) and in a desk-based assessment (Baljkas 2016). In summary, its general potential stems from its location within the archaeologically rich upper Thames Valley with a wealth of sites and finds in the area (eg: Booth et al. 2007; Lambrick et al. 2009). The environs of Dorchester-on-Thames are exceptionally rich with sites of many periods recorded by aerial photography and mineral extraction. Several of these sites are scheduled monuments, with a cursus monument, ring ditch (levelled burial mound) and other enclosures lying to the east, a probable Roman villa to the south-west and other Roman settlements to the south east. The area around the site has several cropmarks seen on aerial photographs, including some which appear to represent trackways, which might continue into the site (Fig. 1).
The site has been subject to a geophysical survey (Beaverstock 2017) which revealed few if any anomalies of archaeological interest. However, subsequent trial trenching of the site revealed a number of linear features, probably field boundaries, but which were poorly dated (Esteves 2017). As a result, three areas were targeted for further archaeological excavation, to enhance the understanding of the nature of these features.
Objectives and Methodology
The general objectives of the project were to:
record and, if necessary excavate and record all archaeological deposits and features within the areas threatened by the proposed development; produce relative and absolute dating and phasing for deposits and features recorded on the site; establish the character of these deposits in attempt to define functional areas on the site such as industrial, domestic etc; and to produce information on the economy and local environment and compare and contrast this with the results of other excavations in the region.
Specific objectives for the excavation were to attempt to address the following questions;
Are the linear features part of a field system or a complex of paddocks adjacent to a settled area?
Are the linear features part of a single episode of organised landuse or are several periods represented?
Do the deposits here relate to other cropmark evidence in adjacent areas?
The areas selected for excavation are shown on Figure 2. Area A was c.600 sq m and centred on the area of potential revealed by evaluation trenches 23 and 24. Area B was c. 117sq m and centred on deposits identified in trench 8. Area C was c. 112 sq m and centred on trench 5. Areas A and C were both covering areas in which the trenching had identified segments of undated ditches and gullies.
2 The Excavation
An area of c.0.08 ha was excavated over 3 targeted areas (Fig. 2). The areas were stripped to the archaeologically relevant level (dark red brown clay with silt patches) using a 360-type machine with a toothless ditching bucket under constant archaeological supervision. This necessitated the removal of up to 0.35m of topsoil (50) and
0.45m of subsoil deposits (51). The archaeological deposits recorded all cut into the natural geology and included ditches and gullies representing probable trackways. All archaeological deposits were cleaned and excavated by hand, at a minimum of 10% of feature present.
Of the three areas excavated, only Areas A and C presented features of archaeological interest, and the possible feature (7) observed during the evaluation in Area B is assumed to have been a variation in the natural geology. The excavation revealed 1 possible pit, 3 gullies, 4 ditches, and all showing evidence of recutting and reuse. All the excavated features (including those from the evaluation) are summarized in Appendix 1. Natural features (brown on figure 3) are not numbered.
Area A (Figs 3 and 4; Pl. 1) This area concentrated on two linear features (100, 102) identified in evaluation trenches 23 and 24, with a further three linear features being observed during the excavation. All five of these were shown to have re-cuts and as such were treated as five separate gullies and three ditches. All were aligned approximately NW-SE and are believed to represent trackways rather although it is possible they were repeatedly shifting boundaries. finds were few but on the whole suggest that all of the features date to the Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age.
Late Bronze Age to Iron Age Curvilinear gully 45 and Ditch 46 Ditch 46 was c.13.6m long within the trench, with a small c.2.5m long length of curvilinear gully (45) observed on its south western edge. Unfortunately no demonstrable stratigraphic sequence was obtained between the two.
One relationship slot (12-13) between 45 and 46 and one terminal slot (14) across gully 45 were excavated. They measured c. 0.31m wide and between 0.05 and 0.25m deep. Ditch 46 contained 2 sherds of Late Bronze age
(LBA) to Iron Age (IA) pottery and ditch 45 seven sherds of similar date.
Gullies 47/48 Gullies 47/48 were aligned NW/SE with 47 re-cut as 48, which also terminates on site. Two slots (10-11, 15-16) were excavated across them, measuring between 0.34m and 0.49m wide and 0.07m and 0.15m deep. Gully 47
3 contained eight sherds of LBA - IA pottery and a single sherd of broadly Neolithic or Bronze Age pottery was recovered from 48.
Gully 49 Gully 49 was c.30.4m long and cut through the top of gully 100. Four slots were excavated along its length (19,
21, 33, 34) measuring between 0.75m and 0.97m wide and 0.22m and 0.4m wide deep. Six sherds of LBA - IA pottery and a single Neolithic flint flake were recovered.
Gully 100 Gully 100 was c.30.4m long and terminated in the trench (22). Five slots (20, 22, 33, 34 (Pl. 3) and evaluation slot 4) were excavated along its length. The gully measured between 0.45m and 0.97m wide and 0.10m and
0.40m deep. No finds were recovered, but a terminus ante quem date of LBA-IA can be assumed as it was recut by gully 49.
Ditches 101 and 102 Ditch 101 was recut by Ditch 102 and was aligned NW/SE. Six slots (25-26 (Pl. 2), 27-28, 29-30, 31-32) with an additional two slots (3, 5) from the evaluation were excavated along the length. Eleven sherds of LBA-EIA pottery was recovered from the ditches, six from 101 and five from 102. A small fragment (2g) of burnt flint also came from slot 29.
Area C (Figs 3 and 4; Pl. 4) This area concentrated on a segment of ditch identified in evaluation trench 5, with a further three ditches and one possible pit being observed during the excavation. Ditch 106 (Fig. 3.) was shown to have been recut (107).
All linear features in this area, are aligned approximately NW-SE. No features in this area provided any dating evidence.
Ditches 103 and 104 both terminated on site with the terminal of 104 truncating the terminus of 103. Two slots were excavated along their length, including one to identify any stratigraphic sequence between the ditches
(38-39, 40). The slots showed that the features measured between 0.46m and 0.76m wide and 0.22m and 0.34m deep.
Ditch 107 was recut by 106 and was positioned on a NW-SE alignment with ditch 105 and possible pit 42 positioned between the two terminals. Four slots were excavated across the features (37, 41-43, 35-36, and evaluation slot 6), measuring between 0.51m and 1.07m wide and 0.21m and 0.38m deep. Unfortunately no demonstrable stratigraphic relationship was observable between the three features. It is possible that pit 42 was dug to close the gap between pre-existing ditch terminals, but also possible that a boundary originally marked by a pit alignment was later recut as ditches.
4 All of the slots in these features in area C were extended after recording in order to attempt to recover artefacts and dating evidence but this was unsuccessful.
Finds
Prehistoric pottery by Richard Tabor The assemblage comprised 39 sherds weighing 104g giving a very low mean sherd weight of 2.7g (Appendix 2).
The sherds were allocated to fabric groups based on the material, size and sorting of the principal inclusions in accordance with guidelines for the recording and analysis of prehistoric pottery (PCRG 2010). The weight, fabric, vessel part, form and thickness of every sherd was recorded. A single coarse flint-gritted sherd is likely to date to the middle or late Neolithic although a date as late as the middle Bronze Age cannot be excluded. Finer flint gritted sherds are likely to be of late Bronze Age date and the remaining sherds are contemporary or Iron
Age.
Fabrics:
Middle Neolithic to middle Bronze Age SF1 (coarse) Moderately hard, grey, micaceous sandy fabric with buff red exterior and grey interior surfaces including moderate to common fine (<1mm) to coarse (<9m) sub-angular flint, sparse fine (<0.5mm) to rare coarse (<2mm) sub-rounded quartz and rare fine (<1mm) iron oxides. Late Bronze Age SF2 (medium/coarse) Moderately hard, grey, sandy fabric with buff pink exterior and buff pink to grey interior surfaces including common fine (<1mm) and sparse medium (<2mm) to coarse (<7m) sub-angular flint, sparse fine/medium (<1mm) sub-rounded quartz and rare fine (<0.5mm), short (<3mm) carbon flecks. SF3 (medium) Moderately hard, grey, sandy fabric with buff red exterior and grey interior surfaces including abundant fine (<1mm) and sparse to moderate medium (<2mm) to medium;/coarse (<3mm) sub-angular flint. Late Bronze Age to Iron Age Q1 (medium) Moderately hard, grey, fabric with buff yellow to grey exterior and grey interior surfaces including abundant fine (<0.5mm), sparse medium/fine (<1mm) to coarse (<2mm) mainly sub-rounded and clear but infrequently dark quartz, rare fine to medium (<2m) sub-angular flint and rare fine (<1mm) iron oxides. feQ1 (medium) Moderately hard, brownish grey, fabric including abundant fine (<0.5mm) to sparse medium/fine (<1mm) mainly sub-rounded quartz, medium/coarse (<3mm) iron oxides and rarely fine to medium (<2m) sub-angular flint. LQ1 (medium) Moderately hard, grey, slightly micaceous sandy fabric with buff exterior surface including sparse medium/fine (<1mm) sub-rounded quartz and moderate medium (<2mm) to medium/coarse (<3mm) sandy limestone. VS1 (medium) Moderately hard, grey, micaceous sandy fabric with buff red exterior and grey interior surfaces including moderate fine (<1mm) to coarse (<6mm) mainly ovate and some thin linear or curvilinear voids and rare fine to medium (<2m) sub-angular flint. Voids probably due to loss of calcareous material.
A single thick sherd in coarse flint fabric SF1 appears to have had a curving clay strip applied to its exterior below an incised line. The fabric is most characteristic of middle Neolithic Peterborough Ware and middle
5 Bronze Age Deverel-Rimbury ware in the region, however the sherd might derive alternatively from a Grooved ware or Collared Urn vessel (Barclay 2005; Raymond 2012).
The remaining fabrics can be related readily to those of late Bronze Age to early Iron Age assemblages from south Oxfordshire although a later date cannot be excluded for the quartz and sand fabrics with little or no flint (Timby 2004, 150). The only sherd with clear diagnostic traits was an upper profile from a straight-sided, open dish turning towards vertical below the rim. Finger-tip impressions on the inner top of the rim are typical of both Plain ware and Developed late Bronze Age styles (Barrett 1980, fig. 5, no. 4 and fig. 6, no.1).
Struck flint by Steve Ford A small collection comprising three flakes and a spall were recovered during the fieldwork as detailed in
Appendix 3. The flintwork is not closely datable but the flake from ditch 19 (79) was well made with a narrow flake scar on its dorsal surface. This might be taken to indicate a Neolithic rather than later date.
Animal Bone by Ceri Falys Just two small fragments of animal bone (weighing 3g in total) were recovered from ditch slots 12 and 28. The overall surface preservation of the remains was good, with no evidence of cortical bone erosion or damage, however, the small fragment size hindered any identification as to species or element of origin. No useful information could be retrieved from the small pieces of bone.
Macrobotanical remains by Joanna Pine A total of nine samples were processed from the deposits encountered during the excavation. The samples were wet sieved to 0.25mm and air dried. The flots were examined under a low-power binocular microscope at magnifications betweenx10 and x40. Charcoal was present in very small quantities and very small pieces, none of which was large enough to permit the fracturing necessary for species identification. Other charred plant remains were absent.
Conclusion
The excavation identified a small range of archaeological deposits continuing those which had been identified in the evaluation. The identified deposits consisted of probable trackway ditches, a pit, and a few other ditches in
Area A (46, 47, 48) of uncertain significance. Some 39 sherds of Late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age pottery were recovered and whilst the volume is not large, they came from several contexts. With no pottery of other periods recovered either from these or any other features, nor as stray finds from the trenches in general, there are
6 reasonable grounds to consider that the features are indeed of Late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age date. Despite full excavation of the deposits in Trench C, no dating evidence was recovered. However, it can be hypothesized based on both the similar alignments and widths of the features, that the same trackway has been identified in
Areas A and C.
A flaw in this suggestion might be the failure of the trackway to be identified in evaluation trenches 7 and
16, both of which lie unambiguously on the projected alignment. However, the features in excavation areas A and C were easily recognizable in the evaluation and there are no grounds for considering that the same deposits have been overlooked or misinterpreted in the other evaluation trenches. A more plausible suggestion is that the trackway was defined in part by short segments of discontinuous gully or elongated pits and the gaps unfortunately correspond with the locations of narrow evaluation trenches. It can be seen that the features in
Areas A and C comprise pits and gully terminals that were joined up. Such ‘segmented’ boundaries, possibly developments out of pit alignments, are characteristic of the period, and this provides further confidence in the dating suggested.
Organized Middle and Late Bronze Age landscapes comprising fields and trackways are moderately well documented (Yates 2007) if perhaps less so for the Upper Thames than in other parts of the valley, but with one such trackway recorded close by at Howbery Park, Crowmarsh (Ford et al. 2006). The fieldwork here appears to have recorded a component of an organized landscape seemingly linking two areas of interest to the west and east of the current site (Fig. 1).
References Barclay, A, 2005, ‘Pottery’, in A Richmond, ‘Excavation at a Peterborough Ware pit at Wallingford, Oxfordshire’, Oxoniensia, 70, 81-5 Barrett, J, 1980, ‘The pottery of the later Bronze Age in lowland England’, Proc Prehist Soc 46, 297–319 Baljkas, G, 2016, ‘Land to the east of Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire an archaeological desk-based assessment’, Thames Valley Archaeological Services report 16/134, Reading Beaverstock, K, 2016, ‘Land at Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire an Geophysical Survey (magnetic)’, Thames Valley Archaeological Services report 16/134b, Reading Benson, D and Miles, D, 1974, The Upper Thames Valley: an archaeological survey of the river gravels, Oxfordshire Archaeol Unit Survey 2, Oxford BGS 1980, British Geological Survey, Sheet 254, 1:50000, solid and drift edition, Keyworth Booth, P, Dodd, A, Robinson, M and Smith, A, 2007, The Thames through Time: The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The early historical period AD1–1000, Oxford Archaeology Thames Valley Landscapes Monogr 27, Oxford Esteves, L, 2017, ‘Land at Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire. An Archaeological Evaluation’, Thames Valley Archaeological Services report 16/134c, Reading Ford, S, Lowe, J and Pine, J, 2006, ‘Early Bronze Age, Roman and medieval boundaries and trackways at Howbery Park, Crowmarsh Gifford, Oxfordshire’, Oxoniensia, 71, 197–210 Lambrick, G, Robinson, M and Allen, T, 2009, The Thames through Time: The Archaeology of the Gravel Terraces of the Upper and Middle Thames: The Thames Valley in Later Prehistory: 1500BC–AD50, Oxford Archaeol Thames Valley Landscapes Monogr 29, Oxford NPPF, 2018, National Planning Policy Framework, Dept Communities and Local Govt, London
7 Oram, R, 2017, ‘Land at Six Acres Thame Road Warborough: Design Brief for Archaeological Field Evaluation’, Oxfordshire County Council, Oxford PCRG, 2010, The Study of Prehistoric Pottery: General policies and guidelines for analysis and publication, Prehistoric Ceramics Research Group, Occas Pap 1 and 2, 3rd edition Pine, J and Ford, S, 2004, ‘Excavation of Neolithic, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age and Early Saxon features at St. Helen’s Avenue, Benson, Oxfordshire’, Oxoniensia, 68, 131-78 Raymond, F, 2012, ‘Prehistoric pottery’, in A Taylor ‘Excavation of Late-Neolithic pits, and Early Bronze-Age ring ditch and an Early Iron-Age pit alignment at Church Farm, Thame’, Oxoniensia 77, 169-83 Taylor, A, 2012, ‘Excavation of Late-Neolithic pits, and Early Bronze-Age ring ditch and an Early Iron-Age pit alignment at Church Farm, Thame’, Oxoniensia, 77, 153-98 Timby, J, 2004, ‘The Pottery’, in J Pine and S Ford, ‘Excavation of Neolithic, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age and Early Saxon features at St. Helen’s Avenue, Benson, Oxfordshire’, Oxoniensia, 68, 144-57 Yates, D T, 2007, Land, Power and Prestige: Bronze Age field systems in southern England, Oxford
8 APPENDIX 1: Catalogue of Excavated Features
Cut Fill Group Type Phase Comments/Dating Evidence 1 52 Ditch 2 53 Ditch 3 54 101 Ditch Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Association 4 55 49 Ditch Undated 5 56 101 Ditch Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Association 6 57 107 Ditch Undated 7 58 Natural 10 70 47 Gully Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age 2x pottery 11 71 48 Gully Prehistoric 1x pottery 12 72 46 Ditch Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age 1x pottery 13 73 45 Gully Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age 4x pottery 14 74 45 Gully Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age 3x pottery 15 75 47 Gully Late Bronze Age 3x pottery 16 76 48 Gully Prehistoric Association 17 77 100 Ditch Earlier than 49 stratigraphy 18 78 49 Gully Late Bronze Age Association 19 79 49 Gully Late Bronze Age 1x Flint Flake (Neolithic), 4x pottery 20 80 100 Gully Earlier than 49 stratigraphy 21 81 49 Gully Late Bronze Age Association 22 82 100 Gully Earlier than 49 stratigraphy 23 83 100 Gully Earlier than 49 stratigraphy 24 84, 85 49 Gully Late Bronze Age Association 25 86 101 Ditch Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Association Pl.2 26 87 102 Ditch Late Bronze Age 3x pottery Pl.2. 27 88, 89 102 Ditch Late Bronze Age Association 28 90 101 Ditch Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age 6x pottery 29 91 102 Ditch Late Bronze Age 2x pottery 30 992 101 Ditch Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Association 31 93 102 Ditch Late Bronze Age 32 94 101 Ditch Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Association 33 95, 96 49 Gully Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age 6x pottery Pl. 3. 34 97 100 Gully Earlier than 49 Stratigraphy Pl.3. 35 98 106 Ditch Undated 36 99 107 Ditch Undated 37 150 105 Ditch Undated 38 151 104 Ditch Undated 39 152 103 Ditch Undated 40 153 103 Ditch Undated 41 154 105 Ditch Undated 42 155 Pit Undated 43 156 106 Ditch Undated
9 APPENDIX 2: Distribution of pottery fabrics by cut and deposit (weight in g) MN-MBA LBA Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age SF1 SF2 SF3 LQ1 VS1 Q1 feQ1 Total Group Cut Deposit no wt no wt no wt no wt no wt no wt no wt no wt 47 10 70 2 3.0 3 6.0 5 9.0 48 11 71 1 22.0 1 22.0 46 12 72 1 1.0 1 3.0 2 4.0 45 13 73 4 17.0 4 17.0 45 14 74 3 5.0 3 5.0 47 15 75 3 1.0 3 1.0 49 19 79 4 19.0 4 19.0 102 26 87 3 4.0 3 4.0 101 28 90 6 11.0 6 11.0 102 29 91 2 5.0 2 5.0 49 33 96 6 7.0 6 7.0 Total 1 22.0 7 20.0 2 5.0 3 4.0 2 3.0 23 47.0 1 3.0 39 104.0
APPENDIX 3: Catalogue of struck flint
Cut Fill Type 12 72 Flake 19 79 Flake 28 90 Spall 35 98 Flake(burnt|)
APPENDIX 4: Inventory of animal bone
Cut Deposit No frags Wt (g) Comments 12 72 1 2 unidentified, maximum length = 22.1mm 28 90 1 1 unidentified, maximum length = 10.9mm
10 95000
Banbury
Bicester SITE Witney OXFORD
Thame Abingdon
Didcot Wantage Wallingford Henley-on -Thames
94000
SITE
93000
SU 59000 60000 TRW 16/134d Land at Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire, 2019 Archaeological Excavation Figure 1. Location of site within Warborough and Oxfordshire. Cropmarks from NMP are shown in red. Reproduced under licence from Ordnance Survey Explorer Digital mapping at 1:12500 Crown Copyright reserved
Barn
3
4 E
9 3 N 1 2
1 A 5
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D R A E d O n K u 2 R o A r
G U l lls Q a 93500 i r
E u Be B M ) A
H Six T PH ( e 1 h
T Qua ker Lane 1 19 20
2
18 21
9 0 1 6 22
7 0 1 17 5 C 7 6 3 0 1 4 23 A 16 5 24
3 50 60 50 8 50 50 93400 50 4 7 15 3 LoE Area A
FB 9 B 25
2 14 26
10 27
13 1
12 11 28
30
29
1 6
93300
SITE SU 59800 59900
TRW 16/134d
N Land at Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire, 2019 Archaeological Excavation
Figure 2. Location of areas.
0 100m Trench 23 A
5 31 102 32 29 Trench 24 101 23 30 34 26 50 22 24 60 3 50 33 70 50 25 93400 50 18 21 27 47 4 17 100 15 16 28 48 49 20 12 11 14 45 13 10 19 46 Trench 25 LoE Area A
SU59900 59920
5 C 35 106 43 42 6 36 41 107 105 37 38 104 103 40 93420 39
SU58940
TRW 16/134d
N Land at Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire, 2019 Archaeological Excavation
Figure 3. Detail of areas A and C.
0 20m N S NE 48.11maOD SW 48.12m NE SW 48.07m NNE SSW 48.07m 73 76 75 78 74 72 77 14 16 15 13 18 12 17
SSW NNE SSW NNE 48.11m 48.12m NNE SSW 48.09m 70 71 79 82 19 81 10 11 80 22 21 20
WSW ENE SSW NNE 47.87m 48.06m SSW NNE 48.14m 83 84 87 86 95 94 23 85 26 25 31 32 24
NE SW 48.11m NNE SSW 48.14m 88 91 92 89 90 29 30 27 28
SW NE SSW NNE 48.07m 47.86m 95 96 97 99 98 34 tree bole 33 36 35
SSW NNE SSW NNE SSW NNE NNE SSW 47.89m 47.84m 48.07m 48.07m 151 153 150 151 152 tree bole 40 38 38 39 37
NNE SSW/SE NW/SW NE 47.89m 154 155 156 41 42 43
TRW 16/134d Land at Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire, 2019 Archaeological Excavation
Figure 4. Sections.
0 1m Plate 1. Area A, looking east.
Plate 2. Ditch slot 25 and 26, looking north west, Scales: 1m and 0.1m.
TRW 16/134c Land at Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire, 2019 Archaeological Excavation Plates 1 and 2. Plate 3. Area A, ditch slot 33 and pit 34, looking west north west.
Plate 4. Area C, looking north north east, Scales: 2m and 1m.
TRW 16/134d Land at Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire, 2019 Archaeological Excavation Plates 3 and 4. TIME CHART
Calendar Years
Modern AD 1901
Victorian AD 1837
Post Medieval AD 1500
Medieval AD 1066
Saxon AD 410
Roman AD 43 AD 0 BC Iron Age 750 BC
Bronze Age: Late 1300 BC
Bronze Age: Middle 1700 BC
Bronze Age: Early 2100 BC
Neolithic: Late 3300 BC
Neolithic: Early 4300 BC
Mesolithic: Late 6000 BC
Mesolithic: Early 10000 BC
Palaeolithic: Upper 30000 BC
Palaeolithic: Middle 70000 BC
Palaeolithic: Lower 2,000,000 BC Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47-49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR
Tel: 0118 9260552 Email: [email protected] Web: www.tvas.co.uk
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