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A Later Bronze Age Trackway Atsix Acres, Thame Road, Warborough

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A Later Bronze Age Trackway Atsix Acres, Thame Road, Warborough T H A M E S V A L L E Y ARCHAEOLOGICAL S E R V I C E S Bronze Age field boundaries at Six Acres, Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire Archaeological Excavation by David Sanchez and Maisie Foster Site Code: TRW16/134 (SU 5985 9338) A Later Bronze Age trackway at Six Acres, Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire An Archaeological Excavation For Rectory Homes by David Sanchez and Maisie Foster Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd Site Code TRW16/134 December 2019 Summary Site name: Six Acres, Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire Grid reference: SU 5985 9338 Site activity: Excavation Date and duration of project: 9th - 17th October 2019 Project coordinator: Steve Ford Site supervisor: David Sanchez Site code: TRW 16/134 Area of site: c. 0.08ha Summary of results: The archaeological excavations revealed a number of recut ditches and gullies forming a trackway of Late Bronze Age - early Iron Age date. Although dating evidence was not plentiful, it was all reasonably consistent. Location and reference of archive: The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading and will be deposited at Oxfordshire Museums Service in due course. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. All TVAS unpublished fieldwork reports are available on our website: www.tvas.co.uk/reports/reports.asp. Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford 16.12.19 Steve Preston 13.12.19 i Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; email [email protected]; website: www.tvas.co.uk A Later Bronze Age trackway at Six Acres, Thame Road, Warborough, Oxfordshire An Archaeological Excavation by David Sanchez and Maisie Foster with contributions by Ceri Falys, Joanna Pine, Richard Tabor and Steve Ford Report 16/134d Introduction An archaeological excavation was carried out by Thames Valley Archaeological Services over three targeted areas on an irregular parcel of land situated centrally within the village of Warborough, Oxfordshire (SU 5985 9338). The work was commissioned by Mr Steven Kerry of Rectory Homes, Rectory House, Thame Road, Haddenham, Buckinghshire, HP17 8DA. Planning permission (P17/S0241/FUL) has been granted by South Oxfordshire District Council to erect new houses on site. The consent was subject to conditions (24 and 25) relating to archaeology. This is in accordance with the Department for Communities and Local Government's National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2018), and the council's policies on archaeology. Evaluation of the site by geophysical survey and trial trenching had revealed undated linear features (ditches) and therefore three small areas were targeted for excavation in order to investigate these features and attempt to provide dating evidence. The field investigation was carried out to a specification approved by Mr Richard Oram, planning archaeologist of Oxfordshire County Archaeological Services, the archaeological adviser to the District Council. The fieldwork was undertaken by David Sanchez, Luciano Cici, Cosmo Bacon, Michael Paine and Cat Gregori, between 9th and 17th October 2019, and the site code is TRW 16/134. The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading and will be deposited with Oxfordshire Museums Service in due course. Location, topography and geology The site is located within the centre of Warborough village in the Thames valley (Fig. 1), with Thame Road to the west, the rear of properties fronting Quaker Lane and The Green South to the north, open fields lie to the east and the grounds of St Laurence Church of England Primary School to the south (Fig. 2). The site is relatively flat and lies at a height of 48m above Ordnance Datum. The underlying geology is mapped as river gravel (BGS 1980). The areas targeted for excavation were to the east and west of the site, where trenches 5, 23 and 24 were placed during the evaluation (Fig 2.). 1 Archaeological background The archaeological potential of the site has been highlighted in a briefing note provided by Oxfordshire County Archaeological Service (Oram 2017) and in a desk-based assessment (Baljkas 2016). In summary, its general potential stems from its location within the archaeologically rich upper Thames Valley with a wealth of sites and finds in the area (eg: Booth et al. 2007; Lambrick et al. 2009). The environs of Dorchester-on-Thames are exceptionally rich with sites of many periods recorded by aerial photography and mineral extraction. Several of these sites are scheduled monuments, with a cursus monument, ring ditch (levelled burial mound) and other enclosures lying to the east, a probable Roman villa to the south-west and other Roman settlements to the south east. The area around the site has several cropmarks seen on aerial photographs, including some which appear to represent trackways, which might continue into the site (Fig. 1). The site has been subject to a geophysical survey (Beaverstock 2017) which revealed few if any anomalies of archaeological interest. However, subsequent trial trenching of the site revealed a number of linear features, probably field boundaries, but which were poorly dated (Esteves 2017). As a result, three areas were targeted for further archaeological excavation, to enhance the understanding of the nature of these features. Objectives and Methodology The general objectives of the project were to: record and, if necessary excavate and record all archaeological deposits and features within the areas threatened by the proposed development; produce relative and absolute dating and phasing for deposits and features recorded on the site; establish the character of these deposits in attempt to define functional areas on the site such as industrial, domestic etc; and to produce information on the economy and local environment and compare and contrast this with the results of other excavations in the region. Specific objectives for the excavation were to attempt to address the following questions; Are the linear features part of a field system or a complex of paddocks adjacent to a settled area? Are the linear features part of a single episode of organised landuse or are several periods represented? Do the deposits here relate to other cropmark evidence in adjacent areas? The areas selected for excavation are shown on Figure 2. Area A was c.600 sq m and centred on the area of potential revealed by evaluation trenches 23 and 24. Area B was c. 117sq m and centred on deposits identified in trench 8. Area C was c. 112 sq m and centred on trench 5. Areas A and C were both covering areas in which the trenching had identified segments of undated ditches and gullies. 2 The Excavation An area of c.0.08 ha was excavated over 3 targeted areas (Fig. 2). The areas were stripped to the archaeologically relevant level (dark red brown clay with silt patches) using a 360-type machine with a toothless ditching bucket under constant archaeological supervision. This necessitated the removal of up to 0.35m of topsoil (50) and 0.45m of subsoil deposits (51). The archaeological deposits recorded all cut into the natural geology and included ditches and gullies representing probable trackways. All archaeological deposits were cleaned and excavated by hand, at a minimum of 10% of feature present. Of the three areas excavated, only Areas A and C presented features of archaeological interest, and the possible feature (7) observed during the evaluation in Area B is assumed to have been a variation in the natural geology. The excavation revealed 1 possible pit, 3 gullies, 4 ditches, and all showing evidence of recutting and reuse. All the excavated features (including those from the evaluation) are summarized in Appendix 1. Natural features (brown on figure 3) are not numbered. Area A (Figs 3 and 4; Pl. 1) This area concentrated on two linear features (100, 102) identified in evaluation trenches 23 and 24, with a further three linear features being observed during the excavation. All five of these were shown to have re-cuts and as such were treated as five separate gullies and three ditches. All were aligned approximately NW-SE and are believed to represent trackways rather although it is possible they were repeatedly shifting boundaries. finds were few but on the whole suggest that all of the features date to the Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age. Late Bronze Age to Iron Age Curvilinear gully 45 and Ditch 46 Ditch 46 was c.13.6m long within the trench, with a small c.2.5m long length of curvilinear gully (45) observed on its south western edge. Unfortunately no demonstrable stratigraphic sequence was obtained between the two. One relationship slot (12-13) between 45 and 46 and one terminal slot (14) across gully 45 were excavated. They measured c. 0.31m wide and between 0.05 and 0.25m deep. Ditch 46 contained 2 sherds of Late Bronze age (LBA) to Iron Age (IA) pottery and ditch 45 seven sherds of similar date. Gullies 47/48 Gullies 47/48 were aligned NW/SE with 47 re-cut as 48, which also terminates on site. Two slots (10-11, 15-16) were excavated across them, measuring between 0.34m and 0.49m wide and 0.07m and 0.15m deep. Gully 47 3 contained eight sherds of LBA - IA pottery and a single sherd of broadly Neolithic or Bronze Age pottery was recovered from 48. Gully 49 Gully 49 was c.30.4m long and cut through the top of gully 100. Four slots were excavated along its length (19, 21, 33, 34) measuring between 0.75m and 0.97m wide and 0.22m and 0.4m wide deep. Six sherds of LBA - IA pottery and a single Neolithic flint flake were recovered.
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