2012 Updating Screening Assessment for South Oxfordshire District Council

South Oxford District Council

In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

Produced in March 2012 Written by Claire Spendley

1 South Oxford District Council

Local Claire Spendley Authority Air Quality Officer Officer

Department Environmental Protection Address South Oxfordshire District Council Benson Lane Crowmarsh Gifford WALLINGFORD Oxon OX10 8NL Telephone 01491 823236 e-mail [email protected]

Report SODC USA 2012 Reference number Date 01/03/12

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Executive Summary

The report has highlighted that there are no major changes in emissions from either the transport infrastructure or industrial sectors within the South Oxford District.

Data from both the continuous and non continuous monitoring carried out in 2011 has shown an overall decrease in concentrations of NO2 in all locations. Exceedences were evident within each of the AQMA areas so it is not possible to revoke any. An exceedence was also seen at our M40 location where a DA assessment is currently being carried out as a result of last years exceedence. No other exceedences were identified outside of the AQMA boundaries except for in Henley where the tube is in an area currently under the revised new boundary position. No exceedences of the hourly objective for NO2 were recorded.

Modelling works undertaken within Wallingford to assess the current traffic management system are being examined and currently highlight no need to revise the AQMA boundary position as a result of the traffic changes. We are currently using the modelled data to further inform new action plan measures.

Modelling works undertaken in Henley are being used to help confirm the new AQMA boundary which requires an extension due to continued exceedences being recorded outside of the original declared area. The modelling works will also assess the current SCOOT traffic management system is being used to inform action plan measures.

A continuous monitor has been located in Didcot to obtain further data to decide if a DA is required. We currently have 10 months worth of data which indicates objective levels are not being exceeded and a DA may not be necessary, these works will conclude in 2012.

The detailed assessment in Adwell cottages is being reviewed before submission to DEFRA and indicates an AQMA is required for the section of the M40 motorway that runs through the District.

The continuous monitor in Watlington was not recomissioned in 2011 due to a failed DEFRA grant to allow the required station move to a new premises. Alternative funding is now being sourced to prevent any further data loss at this location.

A new District Air Quality Action Plan is to be consulted on and adopted this year which will update the Henley AQAP and incorporate those of Wallingford and Watlington; and if required Didcot and Adwell dependant on the outcomes of the monitoring data and DA.

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4 South Oxford District Council Table of contents

1 Introduction ...... 6 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area ...... 6 1.2 Purpose of Report...... 7 1.3 Air Quality Objectives ...... 7 1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments ...... 9 1.5 Map of AQMA boundaries ...... 11 2 New Monitoring Data ...... 14 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken...... 14 2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 14 2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 15 2.1.3 Diffusion Tube Location Maps ...... 20 2.2 Monitoring Results ...... 24 2.3 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives...... 29 2.3.2 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives ...... 31 3 Road Traffic Sources...... 32 3.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb...... 32 3.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic...... 32 3.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs...... 32 3.4 Junctions ...... 32 3.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment ...... 33 3.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows...... 33 3.7 Bus and Coach Stations ...... 33 4 Other Transport Sources...... 34 4.1 Airports...... 34 4.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains)...... 34 4.2.1 Stationary Trains...... 34 4.2.2 Moving Trains ...... 34 4.3 Ports (Shipping) ...... 34 5 Industrial Sources...... 35 5.1 Industrial Installations ...... 35 5.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been Carried Out...... 35 5.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions have Increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has been Introduced...... 35 5.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment...... 35

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5.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots...... 35 5.3 Petrol Stations...... 36 5.4 Poultry Farms...... 36 6 Commercial and Domestic Sources...... 37 6.1 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations ...... 37 6.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts...... 37 6.3 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning ...... 37 7 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources ...... 38 8 Conclusions and Proposed Actions ...... 39 8.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data ...... 39 8.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources ...... 39 8.3 Proposed Actions ...... 39 9 References...... 40 10 Appendices Appendix 1 Progress on Action Plan...... 41

6 South Oxford District Council 1 Introduction 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

South Oxfordshire is a relatively large rural district located to the south east of Oxford city. The district is made up of four main market towns namely Thame, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames and a number of smaller towns and villages. A small section of the M40 motorway crosses the district in the north and a handful of A roads link the major towns. There are very few industrial sources within in the District although Didcot power station is situated in the neighbouring Vale of White Horse District to the west of Didcot.

Figure 1.1 South Oxfordshire District

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1.2 Purpose of Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

The objective of this Updating and Screening Assessment is to identify any matters that have changed which may lead to risk of an air quality objective being exceeded. A checklist approach and screening tools are used to identify significant new sources or changes and whether there is a need for a Detailed Assessment. The USA report should provide an update of any outstanding information requested previously in Review and Assessment reports.

1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre µg/m3 (milligrammes per cubic metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are permitted (where applicable).

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Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England Air Quality Objective Date to be Pollutant Concentration Measured as achieved by Running annual 16.25 µg/m3 31.12.2003 mean Benzene Running annual 5.00 µg/m3 31.12.2010 mean Running annual 1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 31.12.2003 mean Running 8-hour Carbon monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 31.12.2003 mean 0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Lead 0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean 31.12.2005 Nitrogen dioxide than 18 times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 Particles (PM10) than 35 times a (gravimetric) year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean 31.12.2004 than 24 times a year 125 µg/m3, not to Sulphur dioxide be exceeded more 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean 31.12.2005 than 35 times a year

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1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Report Date Main Conclusions

Further assessment was required for CO, SO2, PM10 and NO2 – focussing on M40 / A40 corridor and the towns of Didcot and Henley-on-Thames. Stage 1 Also further assessment was required for SO emissions from Didcot A 1998 2 Assessment power station and NOX / NO2 emissions from gas-fired Didcot B power station.

For CO, PM10 and NO2, road traffic was identified as the major emission source. DMRB assessment showed that exceedences were likely at a number of properties in Henley-on-Thames and along the M40 / A40 Stage 2 corridor. 2000 Assessment ADMS dispersion modelling was undertaken for Didcot power stations (A & B) which indicated that exceedences of the air quality objectives were unlikely.

Advanced dispersion modelling of pollutant emissions from road traffic showed that an exceedence of the 2005 NO2 objective could not be ruled out at a number of properties in Henley-on-Thames. Stage 3 January No exceedences were identified at properties adjacent to the M40/A40. Assessment 2002 The Stage 3 report therefore recommended that an AQMA should be designated around Duke Street and suggested that further continuous NOX/NO2 monitoring should take place in central Henley.

Modelling results, although comparative with the earlier Stage 3 assessment, did suggest that the area of NO2 annual mean exceedences was wider than predicted during the Stage 3 assessment. This owed partly to the increase in monitored concentrations in 2003, based on the year Stage 4 November 2000 baseline used in the previous assessment. Assessment 2004 SODC reviewed the assessment and responded by enlarging the AQMA to include more of Bell Street, Market Place, Hart Street and Reading Road. (See Fig 1.5 below)

The USA was based on a checklist whereby sources identified in the first phase of Review and Assessment and any new or altered emission Updating & sources, were reviewed with regard to their current significance and any May Screening requirement for further assessment. The USA concluded that based on 2003 Assessment monitored concentrations in Wallingford and close to the M40, a Detailed Assessment was required.

The Detailed Assessment involved the use of more sophisticated modelling and monitoring techniques and was used to determine whether the likelihood existed for the AQOs to be exceeded and the consequent need to declare or revise an AQMA. Through the application of detailed dispersion modelling, supported by Detailed August local monitoring data, the Detailed Assessment concluded that the Council Assessment 2005 should consider declaring an AQMA in relation to annual mean NO2 concentrations in Wallingford town centre. Predicted concentrations in close proximity to the M40 motorway were shown as likely to meet the AQOs in 2005. A Further Assessment would therefore follow AQMA designation for Wallingford. (See figure 1.6 below)

10 South Oxford District Council Progress Report November Monitored concentrations of NO2 in Watlington were approaching the AQO. 2005 It was considered most appropriate for the Council to continue to evaluate the monitored concentrations for this location following analysis of the data for the 2005 calendar year. The Progress Report concluded that a Detailed Assessment was not required to be undertaken by the Council.

The Further Assessment provided an opportunity for the Council to revisit and revise if necessary, the conclusions from the Detailed Assessment (2004) in relation to the location and extent of the AQMA declared in Wallingford. It also formed the basis for the Council to develop an Action Plan to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX) from road traffic July sources. Further Assessment 2006 The Further Assessment concluded that the Council should not revoke or amend the AQMA declaration at the current time and that they should proceed with the formulation of an Air Quality Action Plan with the aim of working towards meeting the annual mean NO2 Air Quality Objective concentration.

The USA was based on a checklist whereby sources identified in the second round of Review and Assessment and any new or altered emission sources, were reviewed with regard to their current significance and any requirement for further assessment. Updating & November The South Oxfordshire USA concluded that it was unlikely that a Detailed Screening 2006 Assessment would be required for any potential source identified in the Assessment South Oxfordshire District. However, it noted that it was possible that with the availability of further data, the 2007 Progress Report may confirm that a Detailed Assessment is required for Watlington and/or Didcot.

The progress report concluded that no further exceedences were considered likely for Carbon Monoxide, Benzene, 1, 3 Butadiene, Lead, Sulphur Dioxide and PM10. However, a detailed assessment for NO should be carried out in the May 2 Progress Report central area of Watlington. 2007 It was also reported that a number of initial traffic management schemes had been identified within Wallingford and a ‘gating’ scheme was to be trialled, with the action plan to follow.

The Henley air quality action plan identified a number of measures to be introduced in Henley-on-Thames in pursuit of achieving the annual mean Henley Air Quality May objective for NO2. Including the introduction of an ITS scheme for the Action Plan 2007 3 town, with a predicted 1.9µg/m reduction predicted.

Through the application of detailed dispersion modelling, supported by local monitoring data, the Detailed Assessment concluded that the Council July Detailed should consider declaring an AQMA in relation to annual mean NO 2008 2 Assessment in the Couching Street area of Watlington. (See figure 1.7 below)

The action plan progress report updated the progress on all actions implemented under the action plan in Henley. The report concluded that Action Plan – May the ITS scheme had almost been fully implemented. There were still Progress Report 2008 exceedences of the NO2 annual mean; therefore, the action plan was to focus on HGV usage in the town as well as provision of parking.

The USA concluded that no further exceedences were considered likely for Updating & Carbon Monoxide, Benzene, 1, 3 Butadiene, Lead, Sulphur Dioxide and Screening May 2009 PM10. Assessment However, a detailed assessment for NO2 should be carried out along the Broadway in Didcot and at the Adwell Cottages (two cottages next to the 11 South Oxford District Council M40).

Further works were completed on the Henley AQAP, and traffic management scheme within Wallingford and a ‘gating’ scheme had been trialled.

An AQMA was declared in the centre of Watlington 31 March 2009.

The action plan progress report updated the progress on all actions implemented under the action plan in Henley. The report concluded that the ITS scheme had almost been fully implemented. There were still Action Plan – January 2010 exceedences of the NO annual mean; therefore, the action plan was to Progress Report 2 focus on reviewing the SCOOT traffic management system in the town as well as provision of parking/signage.

Retain the existing AQMA and undertake consultation on the findings arising from this report with the statutory and other consultees as required.

Extend its monitoring into Brook Street to check the findings of this report and amend the AQMA, as necessary. Further Assessment March 2010 (Watlington) Use the results of the source apportionment work in this report to identify potential actions that will enable the Council to work towards improving air quality.

Maintain the current NO2 monitoring capability within the Watlington AQMA. The 2010 Progress Report concluded that no major changes were seen in emissions from transport infrastructure or industrial sources. Exceedences Progress Report April 2010 of the NO annual objective were seen within the existing AQMA’s of 2010 2 Henley, Wallingford and Watlington and within areas already undergoing Detailed Assessment works (Didcot and Adwell). The 2011 Progress Report concluded that no major changes were seen in emissions from transport infrastructure or industrial sources. Exceedences of the NO2 annual objective were seen within the existing AQMA’s of Progress Report Henley, Wallingford and Watlington and within areas already undergoing 01/04/11 2011 Detailed Assessment works (Didcot and Adwell). Modelling works are also underway for Henley and Wallingford to ensure the boundary positions are accurate and to assess the effects of the respective SCOOT and gating systems.

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Figure 1.1 Map of AQMA Boundaries (if applicable) Henley AQMA

Wallingford AQMA

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Watlington AQMA

14 South Oxford District Council 2 New Monitoring Data 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

South Oxfordshire District Council currently operates three continuous monitoring sites. All sites are calibrated fortnightly by the LSO following Defra AURN network calibration procedures using certified calibration gasses. The location of these analysers within our three AQMA’s is shown on the maps above.

All three sites are subject to six monthly audits carried out by the National Physics Laboratory (NPL) and the data is validated and ratified by the Environmental Research Group (ERG) based at Kings College London.

A dedicated supporting unit is also employed for each site, responding to equipment breakdowns and scheduled maintenance and servicing.

Since last year we have a new temporary automatic site at Didcot, provided, maintained, calibrated and data ratified by TRL.

Our Watlington site is currently in the process of being relocated so no data is available for this in 2011.

Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Relevant Distance Exposure? Does this to kerb of (Y/N with location OS Grid Pollutants Monitoring In nearest Site Name Site Type distance represent Ref Monitored Technique AQMA? road (m) to worst-case (N/A if not relevant exposure? applicable) exposure) X Y Wallingford Urban 460 189 Kerbside NO2 chemiluminescent Y Y (0m) 1.2m Y 83 High St 800 500 X Y Henley Urban 476 182 Roadside NO2 chemiluminescent Y Y (0m) 3.5m Y 45 Duke St 116 531 Didcot Urban X Y NO chemiluminescent N Y (0m) 2.2m Y Kerbside 2

15 South Oxford District Council 2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

In addition to the three continuous monitoring sites, South Oxfordshire District Council also operates a passive monitoring network made up of 42 Nitrogen Dioxide diffusion tubes.

Diffusion Tube QA/QC

All diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Bristol Scientific Services, using 50µl of 20% triethanolamine (TEA) in water preparation method. Preparation is carried out in line with procedures set out in the ’Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical guidance’ published by AEA Energy & Environment in Feb 2008. Results from the 2010 field trial QC data from NETCEN is included in Appendix A.

Diffusion tube monitoring is an indicative method and the tubes tend to over or under read to a certain extent. It is therefore necessary to apply a correction (bias adjustment) factor to the results to counter the percentage over/under read.

Bias adjustment factors are calculated by locating diffusion tubes, usually in triplicate, with continuous chemiluminescent analysers, thus allowing the comparison of the tube results to the more robust reference method.

A triplicate co-location study is carried out at each of the three continuous monitoring sites Wallingford and Henley. Both sites are located within an AQMA within a street canyon situation, and are representative of the local diffusion network.

In addition to local bias adjustment factors, there is also a national bias adjustment factor available, this is found on the national database and is derived from the average bias from all listed local authorities using the same laboratory and preparation technique. TG09 lays out guidance as to scenarios when use of the local or national factors is more appropriate.

2011 Bias Adjustment Factor

The national bias adjustment factor of 0.85 is for the year of 2010, the 2011 results are not yet released for use. This factor is very different from the locally derived factor at our Henley monitoring site and therefore for accuracy purposes we have used the locally derived factor of 0.93 as this is more representative.

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Table 2.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Distance to kerb Relevant Worst- Pollutants In of Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref Exposure? case Monitored AQMA? nearest Location? road

Henley - X Y Urban 66c Bell 476 182 NO N Y (1m) 2m Y Roadside 2 Street 088 894

X Y Henley – 37 Urban 476 182 NO2 N Y (1m) 2m Y New Street Roadside 221 829

Henley – X Y Urban Northfield 475 183 NO N Y (3m) 2m Y Roadside 2 End 870 217

Henley – X Y Urban Station 476 182 NO2 N Y (6m) 2m Y Roadside Road 287 288

Henley – X Y 178 Urban 476 181 NO2 N Y (1m) 3m Y Reading Roadside 549 734 Road

Henley – Reading Rd X Y Urban / St 476 182 NO2 N Y (9m) 1m Y Kerbside Andrews Rd 266 097

Henley – 35 X Y Urban Reading 476 182 NO Y Y (3m) 2m Y Roadside 2 Road 175 397

X Y Henley – 2 Urban 476 182 NO2 Y Y (1m) 1m Y Greys Road Kerbside 113 508

Henley – 45 X Y Duke Street Urban 476 182 NO2 Y Y (2m) 4m Y (Co- Roadside 116 531 location)

17 South Oxford District Council Distance to kerb Relevant Worst- Pollutants In of Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref Exposure? case Monitored AQMA? nearest Location? road

X Y Henley – 4 Urban 476 182 NO2 Y Y (1m) 2m Y Duke Street Kerbside 075 614

Henley – X Y Urban Café Uno, 476 182 NO Y Y (1m) 2m Y Roadside 2 Hart Street 224 651

X Henley – 23 Y Urban 475 Market 182 NO Y Y (1m) 3m Y Roadside 999 2 Place 615

Urban X Y 2m Henley – 15 Backgrou 475 181 NO , BTX N Y (14m) residentia N Lovell Close 2 nd 110 508 l

X Y Henley 31 Urban 476 182 BTX Y Y (1m) 2m Y Bell Street Roadside 104 559

Wallingford X Y Urban – 2 Station 460 189 NO N Y (1m) 3m Y Roadside 2 Road 313 535

Wallingford X Y Urban – 70 High 460 1894 NO Y Y (1m) 2m Y Roadside 2 Street 642 82 Wallingford – Welcome X Y Urban Chinese 460 189 NO Y Y (1m) 2m Y Roadside 2 79 High 706 491 Street Watlington – 41 X Y Couching Urban 468 194 NO2 Y Y (1m) 2m Y Street Roadside 951 457 (Co- location) Watlington – X 468 Y Co-op, 48 Urban 194 962 NO2 Y Y (1m) 2m Y Couching Roadside 458 Street

18 South Oxford District Council Distance Relevant to kerb Worst- Pollutants In Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref Exposure of case Monitored AQMA? ? nearest Location? road

Watlington – X Y Urban 9 Couching 468 194 NO Y Y (3m) 2m Y Roadside 2 Street 849 340

X Y Watlington – Urban 462 1918 NO Y Y 2m Y 27 Brook St Roadside 2 131 28

X Y Watlington – Urban 462 1919 NO Y Y 2m Y 57 Brook St Roadside 2 267 01

Watlington – Urban X Y St Leonards Backgrou 459 1964 NO2 N Y (10m) 15m N Church nd 649 82

Didcot – 20 X Y Urban Wantage 451 189 NO N Y (9m) 1m Y Roadside 2 Road 780 920

X Y Didcot – 100 Urban 451 189 NO2 N Y (15m) 1m Y Park Road Roadside 653 384

X Y Didcot – 96 Urban 452 189 NO2 N Y 3m Y Broadway Roadside 908 982

X Y Didcot – 55 Urban 453 190 NO2 N Y 3m Y Broadway Roadside 099 031

Urban X Y Didcot – 2m Backgrou 453 190 NO N Y N Lune Close 2 nd 500 384

Didcot – X Y Urban Marsh 453 1900 NO N Y (1m) 1m Y Roadside 2 Cottages 533 02

X Y Didcot 35/37 Urban 453 1900 NO N Y (1m) 2m Y Broadway Roadside 2 202 47

19 South Oxford District Council Relevant Distance Exposure? to kerb of Worst- Pollutants In (Y/N with nearest Site Type OS Grid Ref case Site Name Monitored AQMA? distance (m) road Location? to relevant (N/A if not exposure) applicable) X Y Didcot – 77 Urban 453 1900 NO N Y (1m) 2m Y Broadway Roadside 2 020 02 Didcot – X Y Urban 110 452 1899 NO N Y (1m) 2m Y Roadside 2 Broadway 866 81

Thame – 16 X Y Urban 2m Ludlow 471 205 NO N Y (6m) N Background 2 Drive 283 978

X Y Thame – 16 Urban 471 205 NO2 N Y (4m) 2m Y Park Street Roadside 010 598

X Wheatley – Y Urban 459 2m 37 Beech 205 NO N Y (16m) N Background 867 2 Road 447

Wheatley – X Y Urban 50 High 459 205 NO N Y (1m) 1m Y Roadside 2 Street 533 740

M40 – 9 X Y Urban 15m Adwell 470 200 NO N Y (1m) Y Roadside 2 Motorway Cottages 200 197

20 South Oxford District Council Figure 2.2 Map (s) of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (if applicable)

Whole District Diffusion Tube Overview

Wheatley Diffusion Tube Locations

High Street Tube

Beech Road Tube

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Thame Diffusion Tube Locations

Ludlow Drive

Tube

Park St Tube

Didcot Diffusion Tube Locations

Lune Close Tube

Park Road

Marsh Cottages Tube

Broadway Tubes

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Watlington Diffusion Tubes & Continuous Monitor Locations

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AiSrh iQrbuurna lity St Tubes Objectives

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide

The monitoring data below shows a number of exceedences for nitrogen dioxide within our three AQMA’s and at two other locations within the district. These are discussed in further detail in the relevant sections beloCwo. uching St Tubes & Automatic Monitoring Data monitor Tables 2.3a and 2.3b below show the previous three years data for continuous monitoring sites. Table 2.B3rao oskh Sotw Tsu baens y exceedences of the annual mean objective

Wallingford Diffusion Tube & Continuous Monitor Locations

Station Rd Castle St Tube StaTtuiobne Rd Tube Castle St Tube

High St Tubes & conitinuous monitor

St Mary’s St Tubes

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Wallingford Diffusion Tube Locations Continued

AQMA boundary

Crowmarsh Tubes

Brookmead Drive

Henley Town Centre Diffusion Tubes and Continuous Monitor Location

Bell St Tubes New St Tube

Hart St Tube Market Place

Duke St Tubes & Monitor

Greys Rd Tube

Reading Rd Tube

Station Rd Tube

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Henley Diffusion Tube Locations

Northfield End Tube

Reading Rd Tube

Lovell Close

Table 2.3a Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site ID Location Within Data Capture Data Annual mean concentrations AQMA? for Capture (µg/m3) monitoring for full 2009 2010 2011 c period calendar % year 2011 % OX1 Henley-on- Y - 86.00% 38 40 37 * Thames OX2 Wallingford Y - 95% 53* 51 41

OX4 Didcot N - 90% - - 30**

* Decembers data missing due to instrument fault, therefore the mean is lower than expected due to these results being omitted, this data should therefore be treated with caution.

** Only 11 months worth of data so mean is lower than expected and should be treated with caution

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Table 2.3b Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1- hour Mean Objective

Data Number of Exceedences of Data Capture hourly Capture for for full 3 Within mean (200 µg/m ) Site ID Location monitoring calendar AQMA? period a year % 2011 b 2009 c 2010 c 2011 % OX1 Henley-on-Thames Y - 86% 0 0 0 OX2 Wallingford Y - 95% 17 0 0 OX4 Didcot N - 90% - - 0

All of the continuous monitoring sites within the three declared AQMAs have shown exceedences of the annual mean concentration for NO2. None recorded an exceedence in the hourly mean. . All three continuous monitoring sites represent relevant receptor locations and are within existing air quality management areas, where action plans and mitigation measures are currently being progressed.

Table 2.4 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes

Data Capture Annual mean concentrations for full (µg/m3) Within Site ID Location calendar year AQMA? 2010 2009 2010 2011 % Henley N 91.6 45.8 50.5 41.2 66C Bell Street

Henley N 100 36.0 40 32.9 33 New Street

Henley N 100 38.5 38.3 32.5 Northfield End

Henley N 100 37.0 37.8 34.3 Station Road

Henley N 100 37.0 39.2 34.2 178 Reading Road

Henley Reading Rd / St Andrews N 83.3 47.9 50.7 43.6 Rd Henley Y 91.6 41.6 44.7 38.1 35 Reading Road

Henley Y 100 47.9 47.7 43.6 2 Greys Road

Henley Y 91.8 41.1 41.6 34.9 45 Duke Street (Co-location)

Henley Y 100 63.5 63.7 58.5 4 Duke Street

Henley Y 100 45.1 44.1 44.7 Café Uno, Hart Street

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Annual mean concentrations (µg/m3) Data Capture Within Site ID Location for full calendar AQMA? year 2009% 2009 2010 2011

Henley Y 83.3 36.7 35.7 34.1 23 Market Place

Henley N 100 17.6 19.1 13.5 15 Lovell Close

Henley Y 100 42.2 43.9 42 31 Bell Street

Wallingford N 83.3 32.1 36.4 34.3 2 Station Road

Wallingford Y 66.7 40.7 37.1 70 High St

Wallingford Welcome Chinese, 79 Y 100 48.4 58.8 37.7 High St Wallingford Y 66.7 42.1 42.1 37.1 33 Castle St

Wallingford N 100 35 35 34.6 52 St Mary’s St

Wallingford N 100 17.1 20.0 16.8 59 Brookmead Drive

Wallingford Y 100 45.3 50.9 44.4 George Hotel (Co-location)

Wallingford Y 100 52.1 53.1 46.4 20 High Street

Wallingford The Town Arms, 102 Hi g h Y 100 40.2 41.8 34.6 St Wallingford N 100 25.6 25.1 24.7 28 The Street, Crowmarsh

Watlington Y 100 49.7 59.4 45.8 8 Shirburn Street

Wallingford N 91.6 26.0 26.7 23.4 58 The Street, Crowmarsh

Watlington Y 83.3 57.8 46.1 23 Shirburn Street

Watlington 41 Couching Street (Co Y 100 51.3 62.7 51.9 location) Watlington Y 100 49.5 61.8 49.7 Co-op, 48 Couching Street

Watlington Y 100 33.4 47.4 31.9 9 Couching Street

Watlington Y 91.6 38.5 30.9 27 Brook Street

Watlington Y 100 34.9 28.3 57 Brook Street

Watlington N 50 15.5 15.5 St Leonards Church

Didcot N 100 30.6 34.2 28.6 20 Wantage Road

Didcot N 91.6 24.7 26.4 18.4 100 Park Road

Didcot N 100 38.0 38.9 32.2 55 Broadway

Didcot N 91.6 37.7 42.0 33 96 Broadway

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Annual mean concentrations (µg/m3) Data Capture Within Site ID Location for full calendar AQMA? year 2009% 2009 2010 2011

Didcot N 100 23.8 24.3 22.7 Lune Close

Didcot N 91.6 34 28.3 Marsh Cottages

Didcot N 83.3 31.1 28.4 35/37 Broadway

Didcot N 77.8 36.5 34.6 77 Broadway

Didcot N 83.3 39.3 31.6 110 Broadway

Thame N 100 19.4 19.5 18.2 1 Ludlow Drive

Thame N 83.3 30.9 35.8 23.8 16 Park Street

Wheatley N 91.6 30.9 31.7 29.7 50 High Street

M40 N 96 44.0 44.6 42.5 9 Adwell Cottages

Chinnor N 96 37 Moorlands Lower Rd

Chinnor N 96 35 6 Lower Road

* Bias adjustment factors: 2011 – 0.93 2010 – 0.96 2009 – 0.97

The 2012 data shows an decrease in NO2 levels in all areas throughout the District at both the roadside and background locations, this is the opposite trend to the one witnessed last year.

Out of the 48 monitoring locations only 13 exceedences of the annual mean were recorded compared to some 22 last year.

The exceedences were seen within each of the 3 AQMA areas highlighting no need to revoke these. A further exceedence was seen at the M40 Adwell cottages sites which is currently the subject of a Detailed Assessment.

No exceedences of the hourly mean objectives were recorded at the continuous monitoring sites.

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Henley

Diffusion tube data for sites at Bell Street, Reading Road. Greys Road, Duke Street and Hart Street are all showing exceedences but are located inside of the current AQMA boundary or within the area of the proposed new boundary position. No exceedences outside these areas have been recorded.

Wallingford Diffusion tube data within Wallingford shows no exceedences outside of the current AQMA area with the main exceedences being seen along the High Street.

Watlington Diffusion tube results have shown exceedences along Couching and Shirburn Street, both streets are located with the current AQMA boundary, no exceedences have been recorded outside of this area.

Adwell Cottages Adwell cottages co location sites have shown exceedences of the annual mean, these sited have been subject to a Detailed Assessment as a result of previous years exceedences, this is due to be submitted to DEFRA shortly.

Didcot Diffusion tube results show no exceedences of the annual mean objectives in Didcot this year, continuous monitoring of the area is near to completing a full year, this data will inform whether to proceed to a Detailed Assessment or not, the requirement is looking unlikely based on the data so far.

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2.3 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objective

Figure 2.4 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites

NO2 Trends in Henley

70.0 60.0 2 Greys Rd ) 3 50.0 4 Duke St m

g 40.0 23 Market Place u (

2 30.0 15 Lovell Close O

N 20.0 31 Bell St

10.0 Reading & St 0.0 Andrews Rd 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year

NO2 Trends in Wallingford

70.0 60.0

) 79 High St 3 50.0

m 57 Brookmead

g 40.0 u

( 20 High St

2 30.0

O 102 High St

N 20.0 2 Station Rd 10.0 0.0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year

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NO2 Trends in Watlington

50 )

3 8 Shirburn St 40 m 41 Couching St g

u 30 48 Couching St (

2 9 Couching St O 20

N 23 Shirburn St 10

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year

NO2 Trends in Didcot & Thame

50 45 96 Broadway Didcot 40 ) 3 35

m 5 Lune Close Didcot 30 g

u 25 ( 1 Ludlow Drive 2 20 O 15 Thame N 10 16 park St Thame 5 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year

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2.3.1 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

South Oxford District Council has examined the results from monitoring in the district. Concentrations outside of the AQMA are all below the objectives at relevant locations, therefore there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

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3 Road Traffic Sources

3.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified congested streets with a flow above 5,000 vehicles per day and residential properties close to the kerb, that have not been adequately considered in previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

3.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic.

3.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or HGVs.

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with high flows of buses/HDVs.

3.4 Junctions

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy junctions/busy roads.

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South Oxford District Council 3.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no new/proposed roads.

3.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic Flows

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with significantly changed traffic flows.

3.7 Bus and Coach Stations

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no relevant bus stations in the Local Authority area.

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4 Other Transport Sources

4.1 Airports

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no airports in the Local Authority area.

4.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains)

4.2.1 Stationary Trains

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15m.

4.2.2 Moving Trains

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of movements of diesel locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m.

4.3 Ports (Shipping)

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no ports or shipping that meet the specified criteria within the Local Authority area.

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5 Industrial Sources 5.1 Industrial Installations

5.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been Carried Out

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no new or proposed industrial installations for which planning approval has been granted within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions have Increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has been Introduced

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no industrial installations with substantially increased emissions or new relevant exposure in their vicinity within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment

5.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots

There are no major fuel (petrol) storage depots within the Local Authority area.

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South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no petrol stations meeting the specified criteria.

5.4 Poultry Farms

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no poultry farms meeting the specified criteria.

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Commercial and Domestic Sources

5.5 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plant in the Local Authority area.

5.6 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plant in the Local Authority area.

5.7 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no areas of significant domestic fuel use in the Local Authority area.

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6 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

South Oxfordshire District Council confirms that there are no potential sources of fugitive particulate matter emissions in the Local Authority area.

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7 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

7.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

Data from both the continuous and non continuous monitoring carried out in 2011 has shown an overall decrease in concentrations of NO2 in all locations.

Exceedences were still evident within the AQMA areas so it is not possible to revoke any. An exceedence was also seen at our M40 location where a DA assessment is currently being carried out as a result of last years exceedence. No other exceedences were identified outside of the AQMA boundaries except for in Henley where the tube is in an area currently under the revised new boundary position. 7.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources

No significant changes have been identified within the District and so no further actions relating to this are proposed.

7.3 Proposed Actions

Summary of proposed actions for 2012 The proposed course of action (in order of priority) for South Oxfordshire District Council:

• Complete the DA for Adwell cottages and submit to DEFRA for approval • Finalise the relocation of the Watlington continuous monitoring station • Consult on the District-wide action plan • Expand Henley AQMA in line with findings from recent modelling works • Carry out a DA for Didcot if required • Work with the County Council on the findings from the modelling of the SCOOT system in Henley and the gating system in Wallingford, to advise for any further improvements to the systems to help improve air quality. • Submit 2013 progress report.

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8 References

South Oxfordshire District Council Stage 1 Assessment - 1998 South Oxfordshire District Council Stage 2 Assessment - 2000 South Oxfordshire District Council Stage 3 Assessment - January 2002 South Oxfordshire District Council Stage 4 Assessment - November 2004 South Oxfordshire District Council Updating & Screening Assessment - May 2003 South Oxfordshire District Council Detailed Assessment - August 2005 South Oxfordshire District Council Progress Report - November 2005 South Oxfordshire District Council Further Assessment - July 2006 South Oxfordshire District Council Updating & Screening Assessment - November 2006 South Oxfordshire District Council Progress Report - May 2007 South Oxfordshire District Council Henley Air Quality Action Plan - May 2007 South Oxfordshire District Council Detailed Assessment - July 2008 South Oxfordshire District Council Action Plan Progress Report - May 2008 South Oxfordshire District Council Updating & Screening Assessment – May 2009 South Oxfordshire District Council Henley Air Quality Action Plan Progress Report - Dec 2009 South Oxfordshire District Council Further Assessment Watlington - March 2010 South Oxfordshire District Council Action Plan Progress Report - April 2011 LAQM TG(09) LAQM PG (09)

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Appendices

Appendix 1: Progress on Implementation of Action Plans

No progress made on implementing the existing action plan measures contained within the Henley Air Quality Action Plan since reported on in 2010, this is due to works on the new action plan being underway.

The council declared the Henley AQMA in January 2003. Further Assessment work found that the declaration was justified and work was done on the formulation of an Action Plan. This Action Plan has now been in place since May 2007, it is therefore proposed to consult and on the updated District-wide Action Plan during 2012.

Funding was secured for modelling works within Wallingford and Henley, these are currently being assessed and will be used to help inform the new AQMA boundary positioning but also to assess the current SCOOT (traffic management) system in place and recommend any potential improvements to it as well as to assess the effectiveness of the gating system in Wallingford in terms on its effects on air quality.

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