• How did they evolve from Protists? Moss and Fern Life Cycles Group 1: Seedless, Nonvascular Plants • Live in moist environments to reproduce • Grow low to ground to retain moisture (nonvascular) • Lack true leaves • Common pioneer species during succession • Gametophyte most common (dominant) • Ex: Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Moss Life Cycle 1)Moss 2) Through water, 3) Diploid sporophyte 4) Sporophyte will gametophytes sperm from the male will grow from zygote create and release grow near the gametophyte will haploid spores ground swim to the female (haploid stage) gametophyte to create a diploid zygote
Diploid sporophyte . .
zygo egg zygo te egg te
zygo zygo egg egg te te
male male female female female male female male Haploid gametophytes 5) Haploid 6) The process spores land repeats and grow into new . gametophytes . . . .
Haploid gametophytesground . sporophyte . .
zygo egg zygo te egg te
zygo zygo egg egg te te male male female female female male female male Haploid gametophytes • Vascular system allows Group 2: Seedless, – Taller growth – Nutrient transportation Vascular Plants • Live in moist environments – swimming sperm • Gametophyte stage – Male gametophyte: makes sperm – Female gametophyte: makes eggs – Sperm swims to fertilize eggs • Sporophyte stage – Spores released into air – Spores land and grow into gametophyte • Ex: Ferns, Club mosses, Horsetails Fern Life Cycle 1) Sporophyte creates and releases haploid spores
Adult Sporophyte
. . . .
ground 2) Haploid spores land in the soil . . . .
ground 3) From the haploid spores, gametophyte grows in the soil
Let’s zoom in
Fern gametophytes are called a prothallus
ground 4) Sperm swim through water from the male parts (antheridium) to the female parts (archegonia)…zygote created
Let’s zoom back out
zygo zygo egg egg te te
zygo egg te 5) Diploid sporophyte grows from the zygote
sporophyte
Fern gametophytes are called a prothallus
ground 6) Fiddle head uncurls….fronds open up
7) Cycle repeats -- Haploid spores created and released . . . fiddleheadfrond .
ground 2) Haploid spores land in the soil . . . .
ground 3) From the haploid spores, gametophyte (called the prothallus) grows in the soil
Let’s zoom in
ground 4) Sperm swim through water from the male antheridium to the female archegonia
Let’s zoom back out
zygo zygo egg egg te te
zygo egg te 5) Diploid sporophyte grows from the zygote
fiddlehead
sporophyte
ground 6) Fiddlehead uncurls….fronds open up.
7) Cycle repeats
. . . .
ground Moss & Fern Quiz
1) Why do moss grow so low to the ground? 2) Which stage is the main stage of moss: sporophyte or gametophyte? 3) How do moss reproduce? 4) What is the major difference between moss and ferns? 5) What are the leaves of ferns called? 6) What is needed for moss and ferns to reproduce? 7) Which stage is the main stage of ferns: sporophyte or gametophyte? 8) What stage is created when sperm and egg fuse: sporophyte or gametophyte? 9) Name the gametophytes of ferns.