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Biol 211 (2) Chapter 31 October 9Th Lecture S.I. Biol 211 Biology 211 (2) Week 7! Chapter 31! ! VOCABULARY! Practice: http://www.superteachertools.us/speedmatch/speedmatch.php? gamefile=4106#.VhqUYGRVhBc ! Alternation of Angiosperm: A Antheridia: The Archegonia: The generations: A life cycle flowering vascular sperm producing egg-producing involving alternation of a plant that produces structure in most structure in most multicellular haploid seed within mature land plants except land plants except ovaries (fruits). The angiosperms angiosperms stage (gametophyte) with angiosperms form a a multicellular diploid single lineage stage (sporophyte). Occurs in most plants and some protists. Artificial selection: Bisexual Carpel: The female Diploid: Having two Deliberate manipulation gametophyte: One reproductive organ sets of by humans, as in animal gametophyte that in a flower, chromosomes (2n) and plant breeding, of produces both eggs contains the ovary, the genetic composition and sperm which contains of a population by ovules, which allowing only individuals contain the with desirable traits to megasporangia reproduce Double fertilization: An Endosperm: A Fruit: In Gametangia: The unusual form of triploid (3n) tissue angiosperms, a gamete-forming reproduction seen in in the seed of a mature, ripened structure found in flowering plants, in which flowering plant plant ovary, along all land plants one sperm cell fuses with an (angiosperm) that with the seeds it except angiosperms. egg to form a zygote and the serves as food for contains and Contains an other sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei to form the the plant embryo. adjacent fused antheridium and triploid endosperm Functionally parts, often archegonium. analogous to the functions in seed yolk of an egg dispersal Gametophyte: In Gymnosperm: A Haploid: Having Heterospory: In organisms undergoing vascular plant that one set of seed plants, the alternation of makes seeds but chromosomes production of two generations, the does not produce distinct types of multicellular haploid form flowers. Includes spores: microspores, that arises from a single cycads, ginkgoes, which become the haploid spore and conifers, redwoods, male gametophyte produces gametes and gnetophytes and megaspores, which become the female gametophyte S.I. Biol 211 Homospory: In seedless Megaspores: In seed Meiosis: A special Microspores: In vascular plants, the plants, a haploid two-stage type of seed plants, a production of just one spore that is cell division in haploid spore that is type of spore that produced in which one diploid produced in a develops into a bisexual megasporangium by parent cell microsporangium by gametophyte meiosis of diploid produces haploid meiosis of a diploid megasporophyte; cells microsporophyte; develops into a develops into a female male gametophyte gametophyte Petals: Any of the leaflike Pollen grain: In Pollination Seed: A structure organs arranged around seed plants, a male syndrome: Suites that includes an the reproductive organs gametophyte of flower embryo, a store of of a flower, often colored enclosed within a characters that are nutrients provided and scented to attract protective coat of associated with by the mother, and pollinators sporopollenin certain types of a tough, protective pollinators and that coat have evolved through natural selection imposed by the interaction between flowers and pollinators. Sepals: One of the Sporangia: A spore- Sporophyte: In Sporopollenin: A protective leaflike organs producing structure organisms watertight material enclosing a flower bud found in seed plants undergoing that encases spores and later part of the alternation of and pollen and outermost portion of the generations, the modern land plants flower multicellular diploid form that arises form two fused gametes and produces haploid spores Stamen: The male Tracheids: In Triploid: 3n reproductive structure of vascular plant, a a flower. Consists of an long, thing, water anther, in which pollen conducting cell that grains are produced by has pits where its the microsporangia lignin containing secondary cell wall is absent, allowing water movement between adjacent cells ! ! ! ! ! S.I. Biol 211 KEY CONCEPTS:! 1. Compare and contrast homospory and heterospory. Which plants are hetersporous? Which plants are homosporous? Which group has a bisexual gametophyte? Megaspores grow into ____ gametophytes. Microspores grow into ____ gametophytes. 2. Draw a concept map of the alternation of generations of angiosperms using the following words: a. Mature sporophyte b. Microspores c. Female gametophyte d. Male gametophyte e. Haploid f. Megaspores g. Eggs h. Fertilization i. Diploid j. Meiosis in anther k. Sperm l. Meiosis in ovary m. Zygote n. Mitosis o. Fruit S.I. Biol 211 p. Seed 3. Draw a concept map of the alternation of generations of gymnosperms using the following words starting with the mature sporophyte phase: a. Mature sporophyte b. Ovules c. Ovulate cone d. Fertilization e. Diploid f. Cones with microsporangia g. Embryo h. Egg i. Meiosis (Use twice) j. Microspore k. Seed l. Embryo m. Mitosis n. Pollen grain o. Megasporangium S.I. Biol 211 p. Haploid q. Developing sporophyte 4. Describe how pollination syndromes can influence the shape, scent, and color of a plant’s flowers. a. Scent: The carrion flower produces molecules that smell like rotting flesh, which attracts carrion flies (flies then distribute pollen) b. Flower shape: Hummingbird-pollinated flowers have petals that correspond to the size and shape of a hummingbirds beak c. Flower color: Flowers are often the color best seen by their pollinators. 5. Draw an idealized flower, label the stamens and carpels, petals and sepals. What is the function of a flower? a. Attracts pollinators, Stamen (produces pollen), Carpels (Produces ovules) .
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