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S.I. Biol 211 211 (2) Week 7! Chapter 31! ! VOCABULARY! Practice: http://www.superteachertools.us/speedmatch/speedmatch.php? gamefile=4106#.VhqUYGRVhBc ! Alternation of Angiosperm: A Antheridia: The Archegonia: The generations: A cycle flowering vascular producing -producing involving alternation of a that produces structure in most structure in most multicellular haploid within mature land except land plants except (). The angiosperms angiosperms stage () with angiosperms form a a multicellular diploid single lineage stage (). Occurs in most plants and some . Artificial selection: Bisexual Carpel: The Diploid: Having two Deliberate manipulation gametophyte: One reproductive sets of by , as in gametophyte that in a , (2n) and , of produces both contains the , the genetic composition and sperm which contains of a population by , which allowing only individuals contain the with desirable traits to megasporangia reproduce : An : A : In Gametangia: The unusual form of triploid (3n) angiosperms, a -forming seen in in the seed of a mature, ripened structure found in flowering plants, in which plant ovary, along all land plants one sperm fuses with an (angiosperm) that with the it except angiosperms. egg to form a and the serves as for contains and Contains an other sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei to form the the plant . adjacent fused and triploid endosperm Functionally parts, often . analogous to the functions in seed of an egg dispersal

Gametophyte: In : A Haploid: Having : In undergoing that one set of seed plants, the alternation of makes seeds but chromosomes production of two generations, the does not produce distinct types of multicellular haploid form . Includes : , that arises from a single , ginkgoes, which become the haploid and , redwoods, male gametophyte produces and gnetophytes and , which become the female gametophyte S.I. Biol 211

Homospory: In seedless Megaspores: In seed : A special Microspores: In vascular plants, the plants, a haploid two-stage type of seed plants, a production of just one spore that is cell in haploid spore that is type of spore that produced in which one diploid produced in a develops into a bisexual megasporangium by parent cell microsporangium by gametophyte meiosis of diploid produces haploid meiosis of a diploid megasporophyte; cells microsporophyte; develops into a develops into a female male gametophyte gametophyte : Any of the leaflike grain: In Seed: A structure organs arranged around seed plants, a male syndrome: Suites that includes an the reproductive organs gametophyte of flower embryo, a store of of a flower, often colored enclosed within a characters that are provided and scented to attract protective coat of associated with by the , and certain types of a tough, protective pollinators and that coat have evolved through natural selection imposed by the interaction between flowers and pollinators. : One of the Sporangia: A spore- Sporophyte: In Sporopollenin: A protective leaflike organs producing structure organisms watertight material enclosing a flower found in seed plants undergoing that encases spores and later part of the alternation of and pollen and outermost portion of the generations, the modern land plants flower multicellular diploid form that arises form two fused gametes and produces haploid spores : The male : In Triploid: 3n reproductive structure of vascular plant, a a flower. Consists of an long, thing, anther, in which pollen conducting cell that grains are produced by has pits where its the containing secondary is absent, allowing water movement between adjacent cells ! ! ! ! ! S.I. Biol 211

KEY CONCEPTS:! 1. Compare and contrast homospory and heterospory. Which plants are hetersporous? Which plants are homosporous? Which group has a bisexual gametophyte? Megaspores grow into ____ . Microspores grow into ____ gametophytes.

2. Draw a concept map of the alternation of generations of angiosperms using the following words:

a. Mature sporophyte b. Microspores c. Female gametophyte d. Male gametophyte e. Haploid f. Megaspores g. Eggs h. Fertilization i. Diploid j. Meiosis in anther k. Sperm l. Meiosis in ovary m. Zygote n. o. Fruit S.I. Biol 211

p. Seed 3. Draw a concept map of the alternation of generations of using the following words starting with the mature sporophyte phase:

a. Mature sporophyte b. Ovules c. Ovulate cone d. Fertilization e. Diploid f. Cones with microsporangia g. Embryo h. Egg i. Meiosis (Use twice) j. k. Seed l. Embryo m. Mitosis n. Pollen grain o. Megasporangium S.I. Biol 211

p. Haploid q. Developing sporophyte 4. Describe how pollination syndromes can influence the shape, scent, and color of a plant’s flowers.

a. Scent: The produces that smell like rotting flesh, which attracts carrion (flies then distribute pollen)

b. Flower shape: -pollinated flowers have petals that correspond to the size and shape of a

c. Flower color: Flowers are often the color best seen by their pollinators.

5. Draw an idealized flower, label the and carpels, petals and sepals. What is the of a flower?

a. Attracts pollinators, Stamen (produces pollen), Carpels (Produces ovules)