Millennium Development Goals in Kazakhstan 2005 Contents 7 Introduction 8 MDG 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day Target 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger 20 MDG 2 Achieve universal primary education Target 3: Ensure that by 2015 children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling 32 MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Target 4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and at all levels of education no later than 2015 40 MDG 4 Reduce child mortality Target 5: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate 2 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN KAZAKHSTAN 3 52 MDG 5 Improve maternal health Target 6: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio 78 MDG 6 Combat HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Target 7: Halt, by 2015, and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Target 8: Halt, by 2015, and begin to reverse the incidence of tuberculosis 100 MDG 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Target 9: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources Target 10: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water Target 11: Achieve, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers 118 MDG 8 Develop global partnership for development 130 Annexes 151 Glossary 2 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN KAZAKHSTAN 3 Foreword Dear Friends, e Millennium Development Goals Report for Kazakhstan is being released in the year of the 60th anniversa- ry of the United Nations and the fih anniversary of the historic Millennium Summit. ese circumstances lend a special significance to the work of the authors of this report, who, in close cooperation with the Government of Kazakhstan, present an assessment both of what has been done and what is currently being done in our country for the implementation of the commitments undertaken with the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals. e results of this assessment are especially important on the eve of the High Level plenary meeting of the UN General Assembly, or UN Summit, which is to commence on September 14. At this time, the review of the realization of the Millennium Declaration and an integrated follow-up to the major UN conferences and summits in economic, social, and cross-cutting spheres will take place. Kazakhstan fully maintains its commitment to the timely and effective achievement of the MDGs and other goals in the development field. e implementation of these pledges would not have been possible without fo- cused state policies which mainly emphasize the improvement of the social, economic, and political situation in Kazakhstan. As was highlighted in President Nazarbayev’s address to the people of Kazakhstan in February of 2005, the Government is already covering all expenses related to the achievement of such MDGs as reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health. At the same time, the achievements already attained in social and economic spheres do not give us the right to stop working toward even better results. e present report provides us with an opportunity to examine both the progress that has been achieved and those obstacles that we still have to overcome in order to achieve the set goals. e upcoming World Summit will be crucial in identifying the future strategy of the international community for the effective and timely implementation of the commitments in the development area we undertook five years ago. Kazakhstan attaches high hopes to the Summit and will take an active part in its work. Frank, objective, and analytical assessments, like this report on the MDGs in Kazakhstan, should help all of us to better understand the condition and needs of our people and to focus and unite our efforts on improving the quality of life for all Kazakstahnis. We appreciate the assistance of the United Nations in promoting MDGs in Kazakhstan and look forward to continued close and fruitful cooperation. KASSYMZHOMART TOKAEV Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan 4 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN KAZAKHSTAN 5 Foreword It is an honour and a pleasure to present the Millennium Development Goals in Kazakhstan Report, which you now have in your hands. is year is a crucial benchmark for the MDGs as this September leaders of all nations will reconvene at the World Summit in New York to review the progress of the Millennium Development Goals, a set of agreed-upon development targets aimed at improving the lives of millions of people around the globe. e 2005 report is already the second MDG Report for Kazakhstan. e initial report, jointly produced in 2002 by the Government of Kazakhstan and the UN system, became the first of its kind in Eastern Europe and the CIS, which demonstrated the country’s openness to a frank assessment of national progress towards the MDGs and eagerness to work for their attainment. As you will see in the enclosed document and in the full version of the report, Kazakhstan has already achieved a number of MDGs and demonstrates impressive progress on others, such as poverty reduction, access to educa- tion, and promotion of women’s rights. Some of the greater challenges lie in the areas of healthcare, quality of education, and environmental sustainability. ese challenges, however, are not insurmountable obstacles, but issues that should and can be tackled and resolved together by the Government, civil society, and international organizations. Kazakhstan has gone a long way since gaining independence. In little over a decade, it evolved from a frag- ile new country to a politically stable, internationally respected, and dynamically developing state. Having demonstrated remarkable economic growth in the past several years, Kazakhstan now possesses all the needed will and resources to more actively address the social dimension of progress and translate economic achievement into equitable human development, improving the well-being and expanding the opportunities of all citizens. Young, dynamic, and endowed with rich mineral and human resources, Kazakhstan has a lot to look forward to, and the UN System will continue to provide assistance and strive together with the Government, civil soci- ety, academia, and international partners for Kazakhstan’s progress towards the MDGs. YURIKO SHOJI UN Resident Coordinator in the Republic of Kazakhstan 4 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN KAZAKHSTAN 5 List of Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank CRC Central rayon clinic CSD Council on Sustainable Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan DAC Donor Assistance Committee of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income GOST State standards GRP Gross Regional Product GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit/ German Society for Technical Cooperation IBRD International Bank of Reconstruction and Development IDB Islamic Development Bank IFI International Financial Institute JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency KazRIEC Kazakh Research Institute for Ecology and Climate MoES Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan MoH Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan MM Maternal mortality NEAPSD National Environmental Action Plan for Sustainable Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PHC Primary healthcare RSRCMCHP Republican Scientific Research Center on Maternal and Child Health Protection RK Republic of Kazakhstan SD Sustainable development SES Sanitary and epidemiological station SNR Sanitary norms and regulations SPA Specially protected area SVA Family outpatient services UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women USAID United States Agency for International Development WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development WTO World Trade Organization 6 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN KAZAKHSTAN 7 Introduction In September 2000 in New York, 147 heads of state and government convened at the World Summit, making this the largest gath- ering of world leaders in history. The Millennium Declaration, which was adopted at the summit, identified a range of common issues that required determined collective actions of the international community in order to build a safer world for all in the 21st century – peace and security, development and poverty eradication, environmental protection, human rights and democracy, and the strengthening of the United Nations. Poverty, hunger, HIV/AIDS and other major diseases, illiteracy, climate change, and the lack of clean drinking water are com- mon challenges for all humanity. That is why world leaders identified a set of common inter-related tasks, known as Millennium Development Goals: Goal 1: Eradicate