702131/702831 European Architecture A

the spread of the Gothic COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969

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do not remove this notice SihGthiSppanish Gothic Spanish Gothic

Arab influence ribbed domes French forms , Zamora, Spain, 1151-74,

Puerto del Obispo dome from the west

Miles Lewis Cathedral, Zamora, Spain,1151-74: dome from below Miles Lewis Old Cathedral (Catedral Vieja), Salamanca, C12th east end and lantern tower (Torre del Gallo) plan in relation to part of the new cathedral of 1513 on Miles Lewis Cecil Stewart, , p 181 Old Cathedral, Salamanca: interior looking east, and underside of dome Miles Lewis Cathedral, Tarragona begun c 1171, choir consecrated 1204:[1] view of ; view under the dome Scala 8,499, 8500 (1967) Cathedral, Tarragona: view of the west front, and detail of the portal Scala 8,493 & 8496 (1967) Cathedral of Santa Maria de Regla, Léon, Spain, mid-C13th - late C14th the west front, with the large portal of the late C13th

Miles Lewis Cathedral of Santa Maria de Regla, Léon, Spain interior looking west, with C13th windows Miles Lewis

English Gothic

Canterbury Cathedral Cistercian influence the Early English Norman cathedral plans

Can terbu ry ( La nfra nc), 1071-7

Exeter, 1117

Old Sarum, 1075-1092

Gloucester, 1089-1l28

St Alban's, 1077-8

Chichester 1079

CtbCanterbury (Cd'(Conrad's Choir), 1090-1110

MUAS 2,764 , with the east end rebuilt by William of Sens, 1175-8: plan

MUAS 2,457 Canterbury Cathedral: view from the south-east, showing the extended choir MUAS 7758 Canterbury Cathedral cross-section

MUAS 2,760 Canterbury Cathedral

interior of choir, looking eastwards

MUAS 15,180 pointed ribbed vaults: French and English methods

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 37 Cistercian influence Cistercian infl uence

31 Cistercian monasteries in , such as Roche

simplicity square modules square ends lancet oppgenings Fontenay Abbey, France, c 1139-47

plan

MUAS 975 Fontenay

RhAbbRoche Abbey, Yorkshire, begun c 1160-70: plan

Watkin, English Architecture, p 31 Roche Abbey http://www.english- heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.17439 Roche Abbey: view MUAS 23,209 Early English ElEEarly Eng lihlish

Wells Cathedral 1180-1340 , rebuilt from 1192 , rebuilt from the 1220s , 1220-1258 , 1180-1340 (planned c 1185-1200)

plan

Watkin, English Architecture, p 57 Wells Cathedral: west front, before 1240, but towers C13th-14th Miles Lewis Wells Cathedral close view from the south-east

Miles Lewis Wells Cathedral nave elevation & detail of triforium

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 118 Miles Lewis Wells Cathedral: nave, c 1180-1240, looking east & detail of strainer arches, c 1338-40 Rickitt Encyclopedia 18,059 Wells Cathedral: nave, c 1180-1240, looking east Chartres, rebuilt 1194-1250, nave vaulting, C13th Miles Lewis; Éditions Houvet, LA 74 plans

Chartres Cathedral, rebuilt 1194- 1250

Lincoln Cathedral rebilfbuilt from 1192

Hans Jantzen, High Gothic, p 34 MUAS 2,486 Lincoln Cathedral plan of complex

MUAS 2,486 Lincoln

west front

http://www.sacred- destinations.com/engl and/linco ln-cathe dra l- pictures/facade-c- paradox.jpg diagonal rib transverse rib wall r ib

ridge rib tierceron

Lincoln Cathedral nave

MUUSAS 2 942 Lincoln Cathedral view from nave to choir

MUAS 8, 366 Lincoln Cathedral: 'crazy' of the choir, c 1210 MUAS 15,160 Lincoln Cathedral retrochoir or ‘Angel Choir’, 1256-80

Lewis, Architectura, p 17 York Minster, 1220s onward south , probably finished c 1260

Miles Lewis York Minster: the wheel window. Miles Lewis Salisbury Cathedral, 1220-1258 view by Andrew Dunn: http://www.sacred- destinations.com/england/salisbur y-cathedral-pictures/cathedral-cc- andrewdunn.jpg Salisbury Cathedral plan

Watkin, English Architecture, p 44

Salisbury: nave view http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_097.jpg Salisbury: vaulting of nave http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_037.jpg Salisbury nave view & detail elevation Rickitt Encyclopedia 8,788. Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 115 Salisbury detail of nave wall Rickitt Encyclopedia 8,790 Salisbury House, 1263-1284: view, plan & section Rickitt Encyclopedia 19,227 Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 124 Salisbury, , interior view & engraving by Buckler http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_048.jpg Whittingham, Salisbury Chapter House, fig 1 Salisbury Chapter House: vault http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_043.jpg

DecoratedDecorated 1245/1307-1337/1377

Geometric 1245- constructed from circles and arcs of circles

Curvilinear 1290- tracery includes S-shappged curves or ogees Sleaford church, Linco lns hire:

Curvilinear tracery, after Brandon

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 56 , , 1321-49

interior

Elfincolor 591A9 , 1280-mid-C14th west front, 1346-1375 http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/exeter- cathedral-pictures/west-front-sunset-cc- lesleysmith25.jpg Exeter Cathedral: east window http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/exeter-cathedral-pictures/d-1776.jpg EtExeter Cathedral

nave

http://www.sacred- destinations.com/englan d/exeter-cathedral- pictures/h-5381.JPG construction of the tas- de-charge

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 46 English vaulting ElihEnglish vau lting

the ridge rib the tierceron the

the stellar vault the quadripartite vaults with ridge ribs: left,,q on a square bay; right, on an oblong bay

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 38 reflected plans of the nave vaults of Chartres Cathedral, begun c 1194, and Lincoln Cathedral, begun 1192 Pevsner, Outline of European Architecture, p 105 tierceron vault

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 40 a tierceron vault Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 429 Exeter Cathedral

nave vault, from c 1280 onwards

Rickitt Encyclopedia 18,033 Exeter nave vault: detail Rickitt Encyclopedia 18,035 , 1175-8 with C15th vaulting

view of nave

Miles Lewis Norwich: view of vault, C15th Miles Lewis Norwich: detail of vault, C15th MUAS 5,021 a lierne vault

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 42 two lierne vaults: , c 1120, nave vault after 1321; choir, rebuilt 1311-1340 MUAS 15,226; Elfincolor 338A1 , view of Norman nave & choir, 1079-93: nave vault b y Willi am Wynford, c 1450

Walton Colour, Winchester no 15 Winchester

stellar vault

Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 129 the Perpendicular Perpendicular 1337-1485

verticality the four -centred arch fan vaulting pendtdants rectangular hood moulds blind tracery below windows Perpendicular tracery at Claypole Church, Lincolnshire

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 57 a fan vault Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 429 fan vault on a square bay

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 44 fan vault on a rectangular bay

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 45 King's College Chapel, Cambridge, 1446-1515: begun by Reginald Ely, fan vault by John Wastell

Jarrold Chapel Royal, Hampton Court

ceiling of 1535-6

JHPlJ H Plumb , RlHitRoyal Heritage (Lond on 1977), p 67 She r born e A bbey, , choir vault, after 1446 diagram showing use of carved stones plus rib and panel, forming fan conoids with lierne ribs

AlAclan d, The Gothi c V au lt, p 159 Central Europe Central Europe

Cologne Cathedral, Germany, 1248 onwards Freiburg im Breisgau Minster, Germany, choir, by Johannes Parler, 1354 St Vitus, Prague, Czech Republic, by Matthias of Arras c 1344-52 (()death) and Peter Parler, from 1353 St Barbara, Kutna Hora, Bohemia [Czech Republic], 1481-1548 Vladislav Hall, Hradcany Castle, Prague, by Benedikt Ried, 1493-1503 Albrechtsburg Castle, Germany, vault by Arnold of Westphalia, c 1475-80 Col ogne Ca thed ral , Germany, 1248 onwar ds, p lan Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 168 Cologne Cathedral, interior. http://www.sacred-destinations.com/germany/cologne-cathedral-photos/slides/nave-029.html Cologne Cathedral a finial

Miles Lewis Freiburg im Breisgau Minster, Germany: helmet of western spire, 1275-c 1340; view of choir, by Johannes Parler, 1354 MUAS 14,857; 14,859 Cathedral of St Vitus, Prague, Czech Republic, by Matthias of Arras c 1344-52 (death) and Peter Parler, from 1353 :west fro n t (completed by Kamil Hilbert, 1929)

Miles Lewis St Vitus: detail of gargoyles and pinnacles, south side of the east arm Miles Lewis St Vitus, Prague

nave

Miles Lewis St Vitus, vault of south portal, c 1367 MUAS 15,251 St Barbara, Kutna Hora, Bohemia [Czech Republic], 1481-1548

nave vault

Historyy, of Western Art, 15/4 Vladislav Hall or Hall of Homage in the Royal Palace (Kralovsily Palac), Hradcany Castle, Prague, by Benedikt Ried, 1493- 1503

unbranded commercial slide 'Prazsky hrad Vladislavsky sal' cellular or folded vaulting Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 429 Albrechtsburg Castle, Meissen, Germany view; vault by Arnold of Westphalia, c 1475-80

http://www.albrechtsburg.de/12.98.html?&L=1 Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 202

prismatic cellular vaults c 1475-1500, at Chomutov, Greinberg & Würtzen

Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 229 ftifitiftifitifortifications fortifications the fortified manor house the motte & bailey the shell keep the Norman castle influence of the Crusades the Welsh castle the French chateau ftifidfortified manor house MUAS 10,087 Norwich Castle, 1060 MUAS 22,308 motte and baileyyg, Laughten-en-le-Morthen, Yorkshire shell keep, Totnes, Devon

Stewart, Early Christian, &c, pp 260, 267, from Clark, Mediaeval Military Architecture & Toy, Castles Château de Gisors, nw France, late C11th Lewis, Architectura, p 41 Tower of London White Tower after 1077, completed 1097; outer defences mainly C13th Miles Lewis Tower of London: reconstruction Hammond, The Tower of London, pp 26-7 Tower of London view of White Tower

Hammond, The Tower of London, p 15 Tower of London

the White Tower cutaway view

George Mansell, Anatomy of Architecture (London 1979), p 95 Richmond Castle, Yorkshire, hall block before 1089, keep, C12th Anderson, Castles of Europe, pl 20 Land walls, Constantinople, C6th and later: section

Stewart, Early Christian, &c , p 258, from Clark, Mediaeval Military Architecture Château Gaillard, les Andelys, 1196-8 donjon, as illustrated by Viollet-le-Duc

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 205 machicolation in Eu ropean fortications Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 205 Templar Castle, Ponferrada, province of Léon, Spain, C12th onwards

the barbican

Miles Lewis Templar Castle, Ponferrada, detail of the gate Lewis, Architectura, p 270 Beaumari s Cas tle, Ang lesey, 1283-1323 MUAS 19,208 Harlech Castle, 1285-90

MUAS 10, 091, 10, 090 types of drawbridge

Auguste Choisy, Histoire de l’Architecture (2 vols, Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1899), II, p 586. a drawbridge

Auguste Choisy, Histoire de l’Architecture (2 vols, Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1899), II, p 586 Bodiam Castle, Sussex, 1385

MUAS 8, 446 Bodiam Castle MUAS 7,756 Castle of Pierrefonds, France, 1390-1400

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 207 Château de Saumur, as seen in the C15th Armand Durlewanger, Les Châteaux de la Loire (Colmar-Ingersheim [Lorraine] 1974), p 72, from the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry