702131/702831 European Architecture A
the spread of the Gothic COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969
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do not remove this notice SihGthiSppanish Gothic Spanish Gothic
Arab influence ribbed domes French forms Cathedral, Zamora, Spain, 1151-74,
Puerto del Obispo dome from the west
Miles Lewis Cathedral, Zamora, Spain,1151-74: dome from below Miles Lewis Old Cathedral (Catedral Vieja), Salamanca, C12th east end and lantern tower (Torre del Gallo) plan in relation to part of the new cathedral of 1513 on Miles Lewis Cecil Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 181 Old Cathedral, Salamanca: interior looking east, and underside of dome Miles Lewis Cathedral, Tarragona begun c 1171, choir consecrated 1204:[1] view of nave; view under the dome Scala 8,499, 8500 (1967) Cathedral, Tarragona: view of the west front, and detail of the portal Scala 8,493 & 8496 (1967) Cathedral of Santa Maria de Regla, Léon, Spain, mid-C13th - late C14th the west front, with the large portal of the late C13th
Miles Lewis Cathedral of Santa Maria de Regla, Léon, Spain interior looking west, with C13th stained glass windows Miles Lewis
English Gothic
Canterbury Cathedral Cistercian influence the Early English Norman cathedral plans
Can terbu ry ( La nfra nc), 1071-7
Exeter, 1117
Old Sarum, 1075-1092
Gloucester, 1089-1l28
St Alban's, 1077-8
Chichester 1079
CtbCanterbury (Cd'(Conrad's Choir), 1090-1110
MUAS 2,764 Canterbury Cathedral, with the east end rebuilt by William of Sens, 1175-8: plan
MUAS 2,457 Canterbury Cathedral: view from the south-east, showing the extended choir MUAS 7758 Canterbury Cathedral cross-section
MUAS 2,760 Canterbury Cathedral
interior of choir, looking eastwards
MUAS 15,180 pointed ribbed vaults: French and English methods
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 37 Cistercian influence Cistercian infl uence
31 Cistercian monasteries in England, such as Roche Abbey
simplicity square modules square ends lancet oppgenings Fontenay Abbey, France, c 1139-47
plan
MUAS 975 Fontenay
RhAbbRoche Abbey, Yorkshire, begun c 1160-70: plan
Watkin, English Architecture, p 31 Roche Abbey http://www.english- heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.17439 Roche Abbey: view MUAS 23,209 Early English ElEEarly Eng lihlish
Wells Cathedral 1180-1340 Lincoln Cathedral, rebuilt from 1192 York Minster, rebuilt from the 1220s Salisbury Cathedral, 1220-1258 Wells Cathedral, 1180-1340 (planned c 1185-1200)
plan
Watkin, English Architecture, p 57 Wells Cathedral: west front, before 1240, but towers C13th-14th Miles Lewis Wells Cathedral close view from the south-east
Miles Lewis Wells Cathedral nave elevation & detail of triforium
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 118 Miles Lewis Wells Cathedral: nave, c 1180-1240, looking east & detail of strainer arches, c 1338-40 Rickitt Encyclopedia 18,059 Wells Cathedral: nave, c 1180-1240, looking east Chartres, rebuilt 1194-1250, nave vaulting, C13th Miles Lewis; Éditions Houvet, LA 74 plans
Chartres Cathedral, rebuilt 1194- 1250
Lincoln Cathedral rebilfbuilt from 1192
Hans Jantzen, High Gothic, p 34 MUAS 2,486 Lincoln Cathedral plan of complex
MUAS 2,486 Lincoln
west front
http://www.sacred- destinations.com/engl and/linco ln-cathe dra l- pictures/facade-c- paradox.jpg diagonal rib transverse rib wall r ib
ridge rib tierceron
Lincoln Cathedral nave
MUUSAS 2 942 Lincoln Cathedral view from nave to choir
MUAS 8, 366 Lincoln Cathedral: 'crazy' vault of the choir, c 1210 MUAS 15,160 Lincoln Cathedral retrochoir or ‘Angel Choir’, 1256-80
Lewis, Architectura, p 17 York Minster, 1220s onward south transept, probably finished c 1260
Miles Lewis York Minster: the wheel window. Miles Lewis Salisbury Cathedral, 1220-1258 view by Andrew Dunn: http://www.sacred- destinations.com/england/salisbur y-cathedral-pictures/cathedral-cc- andrewdunn.jpg Salisbury Cathedral plan
Watkin, English Architecture, p 44
Salisbury: nave view http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_097.jpg Salisbury: vaulting of nave http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_037.jpg Salisbury nave view & detail elevation Rickitt Encyclopedia 8,788. Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 115 Salisbury detail of nave wall Rickitt Encyclopedia 8,790 Salisbury Chapter House, 1263-1284: view, plan & section Rickitt Encyclopedia 19,227 Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 124 Salisbury, Chapter House, interior view & engraving by Buckler http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_048.jpg Whittingham, Salisbury Chapter House, fig 1 Salisbury Chapter House: vault http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_043.jpg
DecoratedDecorated 1245/1307-1337/1377
Geometric 1245- tracery constructed from circles and arcs of circles
Curvilinear 1290- tracery includes S-shappged curves or ogees Sleaford church, Linco lns hire:
Curvilinear tracery, after Brandon
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 56 Ely Cathedral, Lady Chapel, 1321-49
interior
Elfincolor 591A9 Exeter Cathedral, 1280-mid-C14th west front, 1346-1375 http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/exeter- cathedral-pictures/west-front-sunset-cc- lesleysmith25.jpg Exeter Cathedral: east window http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/exeter-cathedral-pictures/d-1776.jpg EtExeter Cathedral
nave
http://www.sacred- destinations.com/englan d/exeter-cathedral- pictures/h-5381.JPG construction of the tas- de-charge
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 46 English vaulting ElihEnglish vau lting
the ridge rib the tierceron the lierne
the stellar vault the fan vault quadripartite vaults with ridge ribs: left,,q on a square bay; right, on an oblong bay
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 38 reflected plans of the nave vaults of Chartres Cathedral, begun c 1194, and Lincoln Cathedral, begun 1192 Pevsner, Outline of European Architecture, p 105 tierceron vault
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 40 a tierceron vault Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 429 Exeter Cathedral
nave vault, from c 1280 onwards
Rickitt Encyclopedia 18,033 Exeter nave vault: detail Rickitt Encyclopedia 18,035 Norwich Cathedral, 1175-8 with C15th vaulting
view of nave
Miles Lewis Norwich: view of vault, C15th Miles Lewis Norwich: detail of vault, C15th MUAS 5,021 a lierne vault
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 42 two lierne vaults: Tewkesbury Abbey, c 1120, nave vault after 1321; Bristol Cathedral choir, rebuilt 1311-1340 MUAS 15,226; Elfincolor 338A1 Winchester Cathedral, view of Norman nave & choir, 1079-93: nave vault b y Willi am Wynford, c 1450
Walton Colour, Winchester no 15 Winchester
stellar vault
Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 129 the Perpendicular Perpendicular 1337-1485
verticality the four -centred arch fan vaulting pendtdants rectangular hood moulds blind tracery below windows Perpendicular tracery at Claypole Church, Lincolnshire
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 57 a fan vault Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 429 fan vault on a square bay
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 44 fan vault on a rectangular bay
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 45 King's College Chapel, Cambridge, 1446-1515: begun by Reginald Ely, fan vault by John Wastell
Jarrold Chapel Royal, Hampton Court
ceiling of 1535-6
JHPlJ H Plumb , RlHitRoyal Heritage (Lond on 1977), p 67 She r born e A bbey, Dorset, choir vault, after 1446 diagram showing use of carved stones plus rib and panel, forming fan conoids with lierne ribs
AlAclan d, The Gothi c V au lt, p 159 Central Europe Central Europe
Cologne Cathedral, Germany, 1248 onwards Freiburg im Breisgau Minster, Germany, choir, by Johannes Parler, 1354 St Vitus, Prague, Czech Republic, by Matthias of Arras c 1344-52 (()death) and Peter Parler, from 1353 St Barbara, Kutna Hora, Bohemia [Czech Republic], 1481-1548 Vladislav Hall, Hradcany Castle, Prague, by Benedikt Ried, 1493-1503 Albrechtsburg Castle, Germany, vault by Arnold of Westphalia, c 1475-80 Col ogne Ca thed ral , Germany, 1248 onwar ds, p lan Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 168 Cologne Cathedral, interior. http://www.sacred-destinations.com/germany/cologne-cathedral-photos/slides/nave-029.html Cologne Cathedral a finial
Miles Lewis Freiburg im Breisgau Minster, Germany: helmet of western spire, 1275-c 1340; view of choir, by Johannes Parler, 1354 MUAS 14,857; 14,859 Cathedral of St Vitus, Prague, Czech Republic, by Matthias of Arras c 1344-52 (death) and Peter Parler, from 1353 :west fro n t (completed by Kamil Hilbert, 1929)
Miles Lewis St Vitus: detail of gargoyles and pinnacles, south side of the east arm Miles Lewis St Vitus, Prague
nave
Miles Lewis St Vitus, vault of south portal, c 1367 MUAS 15,251 St Barbara, Kutna Hora, Bohemia [Czech Republic], 1481-1548
nave vault
Historyy, of Western Art, 15/4 Vladislav Hall or Hall of Homage in the Royal Palace (Kralovsily Palac), Hradcany Castle, Prague, by Benedikt Ried, 1493- 1503
unbranded commercial slide 'Prazsky hrad Vladislavsky sal' cellular or folded vaulting Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 429 Albrechtsburg Castle, Meissen, Germany view; vault by Arnold of Westphalia, c 1475-80
http://www.albrechtsburg.de/12.98.html?&L=1 Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 202
prismatic cellular vaults c 1475-1500, at Chomutov, Greinberg & Würtzen
Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 229 ftifitiftifitifortifications fortifications the fortified manor house the motte & bailey the shell keep the Norman castle influence of the Crusades the Welsh castle the French chateau ftifidfortified manor house MUAS 10,087 Norwich Castle, 1060 MUAS 22,308 motte and baileyyg, Laughten-en-le-Morthen, Yorkshire shell keep, Totnes, Devon
Stewart, Early Christian, &c, pp 260, 267, from Clark, Mediaeval Military Architecture & Toy, Castles Château de Gisors, nw France, late C11th Lewis, Architectura, p 41 Tower of London White Tower after 1077, completed 1097; outer defences mainly C13th Miles Lewis Tower of London: reconstruction Hammond, The Tower of London, pp 26-7 Tower of London view of White Tower
Hammond, The Tower of London, p 15 Tower of London
the White Tower cutaway view
George Mansell, Anatomy of Architecture (London 1979), p 95 Richmond Castle, Yorkshire, hall block before 1089, keep, C12th Anderson, Castles of Europe, pl 20 Land walls, Constantinople, C6th and later: section
Stewart, Early Christian, &c , p 258, from Clark, Mediaeval Military Architecture Château Gaillard, les Andelys, 1196-8 donjon, as illustrated by Viollet-le-Duc
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 205 machicolation in Eu ropean fortications Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 205 Templar Castle, Ponferrada, province of Léon, Spain, C12th onwards
the barbican
Miles Lewis Templar Castle, Ponferrada, detail of the gate Lewis, Architectura, p 270 Beaumari s Cas tle, Ang lesey, 1283-1323 MUAS 19,208 Harlech Castle, 1285-90
MUAS 10, 091, 10, 090 types of drawbridge
Auguste Choisy, Histoire de l’Architecture (2 vols, Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1899), II, p 586. a drawbridge
Auguste Choisy, Histoire de l’Architecture (2 vols, Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1899), II, p 586 Bodiam Castle, Sussex, 1385
MUAS 8, 446 Bodiam Castle MUAS 7,756 Castle of Pierrefonds, France, 1390-1400
Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 207 Château de Saumur, as seen in the C15th Armand Durlewanger, Les Châteaux de la Loire (Colmar-Ingersheim [Lorraine] 1974), p 72, from the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry