DOCSLIB.ORG

Read Book Sabre Tooth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Read Book Sabre Tooth SABRE TOOTH PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Peter O'Donnell | 288 pages | 01 Sep 2003 | Souvenir Press Ltd | 9780285636767 | English | London, United Kingdom Sabre Tooth PDF Book Page 1 of 2: Page 1 Page 1 Page 2. I would like to subscribe to Science X Newsletter. Print Cite. Your email only if you want to be contacted back. The first saber-tooths to appear were non-mammalian synapsids , such as the gorgonopsids ; they were one of the first groups of animals within Synapsida to experience the specialization of saber teeth, and many had long canines. Sabertooth Life of the Past. The skull shows that the animal's upper and lower canines were large but worn down, possibly from prying shellfish off rocks and puncturing their hard shells, according to a study. The nimravid lived during the late Eocene, and went extinct about 9 million years ago, according to Prehistoric Wildlife. Nimravus Nimravinus 6 Relevant PhysicsForums posts Mw 7. Note also that Hoplophoneus was a relatively small cat. Subscribe today. Give Feedback External Websites. The "saber-toothed tiger," Smilodon , is the California State Fossil and the second most common fossil mammal found in the La Brea tar pits. Borja Figueirido added: "In Africa today it's the mammals who are the killers and the big birds, like vultures, are the scavengers. Van Valkenburgh said. Such problems would have been debilitating for the wounded animals. The cats may have fought over food or mates as lions do today. Sources: Carroll, R. They're part of a group called the synapsids, four-legged animals that were the predecessors of all mammals. Janis said. At least three sites in Indiana have produced specimens of Canis dirus--the Evansville site and ones in Monroe and Crawford Counties - and it is known from all the surrounding states except Michigan. Skulls and life reconstructions of the marsupial saber-tooth Thylacosmilus atrox left and the saber-tooth cat Smilodon fatalis right. Thylacosmilus had huge, ever-growing canines, leading people to speculate that it was an even more vicious predator than the placental carnivores it superficially resembled such as Smilodon. Sabre Tooth Writer A more plausible hypothesis suggests that saber teeth were used to deliver a fatal ripping wound to the belly or throat of a prey animal. Menu Search. The small and slender Machaeroides bore canines that were thinner than in the average machairodont. Instead, perhaps the sabers helped predators tear away at the prey's belly. A predatory marsupial known as Thylacosmilus also had long blades projecting from its mouth. Smilodon fossils from the La Brea tar pits include bones that show evidence of serious crushing or fracture injuries, or crippling arthritis and other degenerative diseases. As those elephant -like animals became extinct in the Old World during the late Pliocene, sabre-toothed cats died out also. Even saber-toothed marsupial "cats" or thylacosmilids inhabited South America from the upper Miocene to the late Pliocene. It went extinct about 10, years ago. They were ambush predators, based on their body morphology. Because of their primitiveness, they are extremely easy to tell from machairodonts. The Machairodontinae, extant from about 12 million to less than 10, years ago, include the more familiar Smilodon as well as Homotherium and Meganteron. Read Caption. Instead, it probably charged from ambush, waiting for its prey to come close before attacking. Your browser will automatically refresh in 10 seconds. The elongated teeth also aided with strikes reaching major blood vessels in these large mammals. Note Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Herbivores that eat those plants then carry a chemical clue to their preferred habitats within their bodies, something that gets carried over into any carnivores that prey upon them. Sabertooth carnivores may not have tried to grapple with prey. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Life on Earth -- Which appeared first? It's unclear how ancient animals used their saber teeth. New evidence found of the ritual significance of a classic Maya sweat bath in Guatemala Oct 20, Janis reported in the journal PeerJ last month that the findings reveal an animal that was definitely not a marsupial version of Smilodon. Nimravidus Nimravides 2? Sabre Tooth Reviews Life in the past may have been very different to the present day. Pogonodon platycopis. Gomphotaria pugnax likely used its sabers to feast on shellfish when it was alive during the late Miocene, about 8. Hoplophoneus was roughly the size of a bobcat, or about one and a half to two times the size of a housecat. The saber-toothed cat may be the most famous saber-toothed animal, but it's hardly the only one. First, it carried its young in a pouch like a kangaroo. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Smilodon was a large animal that weighed to kg lbs , larger than lions and about the size of Siberian tigers. More recently, it has been suggested that Thylacosmilus differed radically from its placental counterparts in possessing differently shaped canines and lacking incisors. In fact, few experts call the fish Oncorhynchus rastrosus a saber-toothed animal anymore. In Indiana, Smilodon has been found at the Harrodsburg Crevice site in Monroe County, just south of Bloomington, in sediments filling a sinkhole. Please refresh your broswer or click here to restart your session timer. Bibcode : PLoSO Such fights were probably accompanied by loud roaring. Oct 13, Sansanosmilus vallesiensis. According to C. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. The filter feeder likely used its long teeth to fight for access to mates, slashing sideways at rival males, Davis said. The best-known barbourofelid is the eponymous Barbourofelis , which differs from most machairodonts by having a much heavier and more stout mandible , smaller orbits , massive and almost knobby flanges, and canines that are farther back. The "saber-toothed tiger," Smilodon , is the California State Fossil and the second most common fossil mammal found in the La Brea tar pits. Namespaces Article Talk. Evidence from the numbers found at La Brea Tar Pits suggests that Smilodon , like modern lions , was a social carnivore. The leopard-size Thylacosmilus had sabers longer than Smilodon 's, but they were probably more fragile. Instead, perhaps the sabers helped predators tear away at the prey's belly. The development of the saber-toothed condition appears to represent a shift in function and killing behavior, rather than one in predator-prey relations. Of the feliform lineages, the family Nimravidae is the oldest, entering the landscape around 42 mya and becoming extinct by 7. The different groups of saber-toothed cats evolved their saber-toothed characteristics entirely independently. Although the species classified in…. Note Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Named for the pair of elongated bladelike canine teeth in their upper jaw , they are often called sabre-toothed tigers or sabre-toothed lions, although the modern lion and tiger are true cats of the subfamily Felinae. Fossils have been found all over North America and Europe. Instead of having its teeth fully exposed outside of its mouth like Smilodon, Thylacosmilus had flanges formed from its lower jaw. During the Pleistocene, sabre-toothed cats were also present in South America. An international team of researchers, led by Professor Christine Janis from Bristol's School of Earth Sciences, have performed a series of studies on the skull and teeth of this animal and have come to a different conclusion. Sabre Tooth Read Online Live Science. These South American marsupial mammals lived about 5 million years ago, at the end of the Miocene. Until about 10, years ago, the saber-tooth cat Smilodon fatalis was a fearsome predator in what is now the American West. Radinsky, L. By contrast, their canine counterparts, including the dire wolves, coyotes, and grey wolves, were the ones hunting in more open environments. Many people think of the "saber-toothed tiger," but many species of saber-toothed cats have lived during the past 40 million years. Instead, it probably charged from ambush, waiting for its prey to come close before attacking. Previous studies had looked at the proportion of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the remains of a protein called collagen found in the bones of predators at La Brea. Others in the field are not quite ready to embrace all that Dr. Thylacosmilus had huge, ever-growing canines, leading people to speculate that it was an even more vicious predator than the placental carnivores it superficially resembled such as Smilodon. It is a metatherian , and thus more closely related to kangaroos and opossums than the felines. Please click here to sign in. But paleontologists have long believed that this super-ambush predator was not alone in its way of life. Critically, the study adds to evidence that highly specialized prey preferences is what likely doomed species such as Smilodon and the dire wolves, while coyotes managed to survive the ecological shift by being highly flexible and taking prey as small as rats or rabbits, in addition to scavenging. Because of their primitiveness, they are extremely easy to tell from machairodonts. It's unclear how ancient animals used their saber teeth. Its muzzle was longer and narrower. Felinae sense lato includes all extant pantherines and felines. Meehan et al. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. I would like to subscribe to Science X Newsletter. She also knew from previous work conducted by other labs that the canines of Thylacosmilus were structurally different from the teeth of Smilodon because of their triangular shape. The first saber-tooths to appear were non-mammalian synapsids , such as the gorgonopsids ; they were one of the first groups of animals within Synapsida to experience the specialization of saber teeth, and many had long canines.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aspects of the Functional Morphology in the Cranial and Cervical Skeleton of the Sabre-Toothed Cat Paramachairodus Ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae
    Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082The Lin- nean Society of London, 2005? 2005 1443 363377 Original Article FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF P. OGYGIAM. J. SALESA ET AL. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 144, 363–377. With 11 figures Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/144/3/363/2627519 by guest on 18 May 2020 implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite MANUEL J. SALESA1*, MAURICIO ANTÓN2, ALAN TURNER1 and JORGE MORALES2 1School of Biological & Earth Sciences, Byrom Street, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK 2Departamento de Palaeobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain Received January 2004; accepted for publication March 2005 The skull and cervical anatomy of the sabre-toothed felid Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) is described in this paper, with special attention paid to its functional morphology. Because of the scarcity of fossil remains, the anatomy of this felid has been very poorly known. However, the recently discovered Miocene carnivore trap of Batallones-1, near Madrid, Spain, has yielded almost complete skeletons of this animal, which is now one of the best known machairodontines. Consequently, the machairodont adaptations of this primitive sabre-toothed felid can be assessed for the first time. Some characters, such as the morphology of the mastoid area, reveal an intermediate state between that of felines and machairodontines, while others, such as the flattened upper canines and verticalized mandibular symphysis, show clear machairodont affinities.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnivora from the Late Miocene Love Bone Bed of Florida
    Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist. (2005) 45(4): 413-434 413 CARNIVORA FROM THE LATE MIOCENE LOVE BONE BED OF FLORIDA Jon A. Baskin1 Eleven genera and twelve species of Carnivora are known from the late Miocene Love Bone Bed Local Fauna, Alachua County, Florida. Taxa from there described in detail for the first time include the canid cf. Urocyon sp., the hemicyonine ursid cf. Plithocyon sp., and the mustelids Leptarctus webbi n. sp., Hoplictis sp., and ?Sthenictis near ?S. lacota. Postcrania of the nimravid Barbourofelis indicate that it had a subdigitigrade posture and most likely stalked and ambushed its prey in dense cover. The postcranial morphology of Nimravides (Felidae) is most similar to the jaguar, Panthera onca. The carnivorans strongly support a latest Clarendonian age assignment for the Love Bone Bed. Although the Love Bone Bed local fauna does show some evidence of endemism at the species level, it demonstrates that by the late Clarendonian, Florida had become part of the Clarendonian chronofauna of the midcontinent, in contrast to the higher endemism present in the early Miocene and in the later Miocene and Pliocene of Florida. Key Words: Carnivora; Miocene; Clarendonian; Florida; Love Bone Bed; Leptarctus webbi n. sp. INTRODUCTION can Museum of Natural History, New York; F:AM, Frick The Love Bone Bed Local Fauna, Alachua County, fossil mammal collection, part of the AMNH; UF, Florida Florida, has produced the largest and most diverse late Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. Miocene vertebrate fauna known from eastern North All measurements are in millimeters. The follow- America, including 43 species of mammals (Webb et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT from NEBRASKA Erwin H
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division Natural Resources, School of 1915 A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT FROM NEBRASKA Erwin H. Barbour Nebraska Geological Survey Harold J. Cook Nebraska Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/conservationsurvey Part of the Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Hydrology Commons, Paleontology Commons, Sedimentology Commons, Soil Science Commons, and the Stratigraphy Commons Barbour, Erwin H. and Cook, Harold J., "A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT FROM NEBRASKA" (1915). Conservation and Survey Division. 649. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/conservationsurvey/649 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Conservation and Survey Division by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 36c NEBRASKA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ERWIN HINCKLEY BARBOUR, State Geologist VOLUME 4 PART 17 A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT FROM NEBRASKA BY ERWIN H. BARBOUR AND HAROLD J. COOK GEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF HON. CHARLES H. MORRILL 208 B A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT FROM NEBRASKA BY ERWIN H. BARBOUR AND HAROLD J, COOK During the field season of 1913, while exploring the Pliocene beds of Brown County, Mr. A. C. \Vhitford, a Fellow in the Department of Geology, University of Nebraska, discovered the mandible of a new mach.erodont cat. His work in this region was in the interest of the ~ebraska Geological Survey and the Morrill Geological Expeditions.1 The known fossil remains of the ancestral Felid.e fall into two nat­ ural lines of descent, as pointed out by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • What Technology Wants / Kevin Kelly
    WHAT TECHNOLOGY WANTS ALSO BY KEVIN KELLY Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World New Rules for the New Economy: 10 Radical Strategies for a Connected World Asia Grace WHAT TECHNOLOGY WANTS KEVIN KELLY VIKING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi - 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in 2010 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Kevin Kelly, 2010 All rights reserved LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Kelly, Kevin, 1952- What technology wants / Kevin Kelly. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-670-02215-1 1. Technology'—Social aspects. 2. Technology and civilization. I. Title. T14.5.K45 2010 303.48'3—dc22 2010013915 Printed in the United States of America Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia, Felidae, Canidae, and Mustelidae) from the Earliest Hemphillian Screw Bean Local Fauna, Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas
    Chapter 9 Carnivora (Mammalia, Felidae, Canidae, and Mustelidae) From the Earliest Hemphillian Screw Bean Local Fauna, Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas MARGARET SKEELS STEVENS1 AND JAMES BOWIE STEVENS2 ABSTRACT The Screw Bean Local Fauna is the earliest Hemphillian fauna of the southwestern United States. The fossil remains occur in all parts of the informal Banta Shut-in formation, nowhere very fossiliferous. The formation is informally subdivided on the basis of stepwise ®ning and slowing deposition into Lower (least fossiliferous), Middle, and Red clay members, succeeded by the valley-®lling, Bench member (most fossiliferous). Identi®ed Carnivora include: cf. Pseudaelurus sp. and cf. Nimravides catocopis, medium and large extinct cats; Epicyon haydeni, large borophagine dog; Vulpes sp., small fox; cf. Eucyon sp., extinct primitive canine; Buisnictis chisoensis, n. sp., extinct skunk; and Martes sp., marten. B. chisoensis may be allied with Spilogale on the basis of mastoid specialization. Some of the Screw Bean taxa are late survivors of the Clarendonian Chronofauna, which extended through most or all of the early Hemphillian. The early early Hemphillian, late Miocene age attributed to the fauna is based on the Screw Bean assemblage postdating or- eodont and predating North American edentate occurrences, on lack of de®ning Hemphillian taxa, and on stage of evolution. INTRODUCTION southwestern North America, and ®ll a pa- leobiogeographic gap. In Trans-Pecos Texas NAMING AND IMPORTANCE OF THE SCREW and adjacent Chihuahua and Coahuila, Mex- BEAN LOCAL FAUNA: The name ``Screw Bean ico, they provide an age determination for Local Fauna,'' Banta Shut-in formation, postvolcanic (,18±20 Ma; Henry et al., Trans-Pecos Texas (®g.
    [Show full text]
  • (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the Middle Miocene of China Suggests Barbourofelines Are Nimravids, Not Felids
    UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilus liupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0g62362j Journal JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY, 18(9) ISSN 1477-2019 Authors Wang, Xiaoming White, Stuart C Guan, Jian Publication Date 2020-05-02 DOI 10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of Systematic Palaeontology ISSN: 1477-2019 (Print) 1478-0941 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjsp20 A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilus liupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids Xiaoming Wang, Stuart C. White & Jian Guan To cite this article: Xiaoming Wang, Stuart C. White & Jian Guan (2020): A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilusliupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids , Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066 View supplementary material Published online: 08 Jan 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjsp20 Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2020 Vol. 0, No. 0, 1–21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066 A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilus liupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids a,bà c d Xiaoming Wang , Stuart C.
    [Show full text]
  • First Nimravid Skull from Asia Alexander Averianov1,2, Ekaterina Obraztsova3, Igor Danilov1,2, Pavel Skutschas3 & Jianhua Jin1
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN First nimravid skull from Asia Alexander Averianov1,2, Ekaterina Obraztsova3, Igor Danilov1,2, Pavel Skutschas3 & Jianhua Jin1 Maofelis cantonensis gen. and sp. nov. is described based on a complete cranium from the middle- upper Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming Basin, Guangdong Province, China. The new taxon Received: 08 September 2015 has characters diagnostic for Nimravidae such as a short cat-like skull, short palate, ventral surface of petrosal dorsal to that of basioccipital, serrations on the distal carina of canine, reduced anterior Accepted: 21 April 2016 premolars, and absence of posterior molars (M2-3). It is plesiomorphic nimravid taxon similar to Published: 10 May 2016 Nimravidae indet. from Quercy (France) in having the glenoid pedicle and mastoid process without ventral projections, a planar basicranium in which the lateral rim is not ventrally buttressed, and P1 present. The upper canine is less flattened than in other Nimravidae.Maofelis cantonensis gen. and sp. nov. exemplifies the earliest stage of development of sabertooth specialization characteristic of Nimravidae. This taxon, together with other middle-late Eocene nimravid records in South Asia, suggests origin and initial diversification of Nimravidae in Asia. We propose that this group dispersed to North America in the late Eocene and to Europe in the early Oligocene. The subsequent Oligocene diversification of Nimravidae took place in North America and Europe, while in Asia this group declined in the Oligocene, likely because of the earlier development of open habitats on that continent. Nimravids are cat-like hypercarnivores that developed saber-tooth morphology early in the Cenozoic and were top predators in the late Eocene – late Oligocene mammal communities of the Northern Hemisphere1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • O Ssakach Drapieżnych – Część 2 - Kotokształtne
    PAN Muzeum Ziemi – O ssakach drapieżnych – część 2 - kotokształtne O ssakach drapieżnych - część 2 - kotokształtne W niniejszym artykule przyjrzymy się ewolucji i zróżnicowaniu zwierząt reprezentujących jedną z dwóch głównych gałęzi ewolucyjnych w obrębie drapieżnych (Carnivora). Na wczesnym etapie ewolucji, drapieżne podzieliły się (ryc. 1) na psokształtne (Caniformia) oraz kotokształtne (Feliformia). Paradoksalnie, w obydwu grupach występują (bądź występowały w przeszłości) formy, które bardziej przypominają psy, bądź bardziej przypominają koty. Ryc. 1. Uproszczone drzewo pokrewieństw ewolucyjnych współczesnych grup drapieżnych (Carnivora). Ryc. Michał Loba, na podstawie Nyakatura i Bininda-Emonds, 2012. Tym, co w rzeczywistości dzieli te dwie grupy na poziomie anatomicznym jest budowa komory ucha środkowego (bulla tympanica, łac.; ryc. 2). U drapieżnych komora ta jest budowa przede wszystkim przez dwie kości – tylną kaudalną kość entotympaniczną i kość ektotympaniczną. U kotokształtnych, w miejscu ich spotkania się ze sobą powstaje ciągła przegroda. Obydwie części komory kontaktują się ze sobą tylko za pośrednictwem małego okienka. U psokształtnych 1 PAN Muzeum Ziemi – O ssakach drapieżnych – część 2 - kotokształtne Ryc. 2. Widziane od spodu czaszki: A. baribala (Ursus americanus, Ursidae, Caniformia), B. żenety zwyczajnej (Genetta genetta, Viverridae, Feliformia). Strzałkami zaznaczono komorę ucha środkowego u niedźwiedzia i miejsce występowania przegrody w komorze żenety. Zdj. (A, B) Phil Myers, Animal Diversity Web (CC BY-NC-SA
    [Show full text]
  • Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) and the Position of Systematics in Evolutionary Biology
    Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) and the Position of Systematics in Evolutionary Biology by Paul David Polly B.A. (University of Texas at Austin) 1987 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Paleontology in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA at BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor William A. Clemens, Chair Professor Kevin Padian Professor James L. Patton Professor F. Clark Howell 1993 Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) and the Position of Systematics in Evolutionary Biology © 1993 by Paul David Polly To P. Reid Hamilton, in memory. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ix Acknowledgments xi Chapter One--Revolution and Evolution in Taxonomy: Mammalian Classification Before and After Darwin 1 Introduction 2 The Beginning of Modern Taxonomy: Linnaeus and his Predecessors 5 Cuvier's Classification 10 Owen's Classification 18 Post-Darwinian Taxonomy: Revolution and Evolution in Classification 24 Kovalevskii's Classification 25 Huxley's Classification 28 Cope's Classification 33 Early 20th Century Taxonomy 42 Simpson and the Evolutionary Synthesis 46 A Box Model of Classification 48 The Content of Simpson's 1945 Classification 50 Conclusion 52 Acknowledgments 56 Bibliography 56 Figures 69 Chapter Two: Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Early Eocene Four Mile Fauna and Their Biostratigraphic Implications 78 Abstract 79 Introduction 79 Materials and Methods 80 iv Systematic Paleontology 80 The Four Mile Fauna and Wasatchian Biostratigraphic Zonation 84 Conclusion 86 Acknowledgments 86 Bibliography 86 Figures 87 Chapter Three: A New Genus Eurotherium (Creodonta, Mammalia) in Reference to Taxonomic Problems with Some Eocene Hyaenodontids from Eurasia (With B. Lange-Badré) 89 Résumé 90 Abstract 90 Version française abrégéé 90 Introduction 93 Acknowledgments 96 Bibliography 96 Table 3.1: Original and Current Usages of Genera and Species 99 Table 3.2: Species Currently Included in Genera Discussed in Text 101 Chapter Four: The skeleton of Gazinocyon vulpeculus n.
    [Show full text]
  • DESCARGAR Tont...Tido.Pdf
    1 pag 21/08/2019 Escribir libro 21/08/2019 silueta pag conca 2 Josue Piquero Caso En esta inciclopedia encontraras diversidad , ¿cones alguna de ellas ? 2019 / 08 / 21 pag 3 fin biebenido 4 pag 21/08/2019 Indice-1- 21/08/2019 pag 5 En este libro creado por josue piquero caso Aprenderas las distintan formas de vida en la una vez avitaron nuestro planeta y hoy en dia en 2019 Esta lista registra diversamente las especies principlalmente animales que conformaran este anexo con finalidad libril e educativa a cualquier edad 21/08/2019 Los distintos documentos seran borradores y tardaran en ser actualizatos por todos los medios posibles , apartir del pag ultimo , el oficial Arvertencia: prohibido la copia e publicacion general de mi libro sin permiso, a ecepcion yo comparto la silueta que sea requerida para algun estudio cientifico como ejempo e maquetacion y ilustracion 6 fuentes Libros , gias ,wikipedia, paginas de expertos ,instagran ,google imágenes ,yo mismo y mis conocimientos ,mis dibujos y uso material creado por mi anteriormente jajajajajajajaja.ect 2019 / 08 / 21 Nota : no hay ( puede o no aber )imagen lo pag bastante exacta de l a especie , y por tanto alguna es creada por mi peontologicamente basandome en las caracteristicas especificas o generales sobre especies actuales o pasadas , no dudo que tenga errores … 7 tablas 21/08/2019 pag 8 9 pag 21/08/2019 Capitulo 1 grandes felinos Panterinae 21/08/2019 Barbourofelidae pag Nimravidae Machairodontinae felinae 10 panteras Leon americano leon leopardo Dromopanthera 2019 / 08 / onza sivapantera
    [Show full text]
  • 7 X 11 Long.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-73586-5 - Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form, and Function Edited by Anjali Goswami and Anthony Friscia Index More information Index Page numbers in bold type refers to figures. Acinonyx jubatus, 226, 304 Arctoidea, 12, 27, 30, 31, 40, 94, 104 Actiocyon, 115, 125 Artiodactyla, 312 active replacement, 311 Atilix paludinosis, 9 Adelphailurus, 411 Ailuridae, 11, 30, 92–126, 231, 304 badgers, see Mustelidae diagnosis, 116 bamboo, 12, 94 Ailurinae, 92, 116–20 Barbourofelinae, 10, 34, 295, 301 Ailuropoda, 15, 20, 31, 94, 104, 107, 226 basicranium, 37, 65, 107, 155, 157, 158, 159 Ailurus, 117, 126 Bassaricyon, 11 Ailurus fulgens, 3, 30, 93, 126 Bassaricyon lasius, 377 alisphenoid canal, 82, 107, 110 Bassariscus, 231, 238 allometry, 43, 165, 168 Bassariscus astutus, 388 multiphasic, 172–6, 178–85 Bathygale, 32 postcranial, 411–59 bear-dogs, see Amphicyonidae Alopecocyon, 112, 113, 115, 122, 125 behaviour, 411, 454 Alopex lagopus, 392 Bergmann’s Rule, 396 American lion, see Panthera leo cf. atrox biogeography, 225–39, 247–65, 361 Amphictis, 30, 92, 109, 112, 115, 116, biomechanics 123–124 cranial, 466–81 Amphicynodon, 109 postcranial, 450–9 Amphicynopsis, 297 bite force, 466–81 Amphicyon major, 299 body size, 39–43, 226, 248, 249, 269, Amphicyonidae, 17, 34, 41, 142, 193, 295 270, 301, 314, 325, 330, 412, 413 Ancient DNA, 25 bone cracking, 8, 16, 19, 289, 304 Andrewsarchus, 304 brain size, 39, 43–7 Aonyx, 236 lions, 168 aquatic species, 4, see Pinnipedia Buxolestes, 271 ArcGIS, 379 Arctictis,
    [Show full text]
  • Person, J.J. 2012. Saber Teeth. Geo News 39(2)
    Saber Teeth Jeff J. Person Carnivores of all kinds have always been of interest to me. Arguably Smilodon is only the last iteration of saber-teeth in the fossil it is a much more difficult lifestyle to hunt and kill another animal record. Carnivorous mammals with large sabers have appeared than it is to browse or graze on non-mobile plants. Carnivorous four times across unrelated groups of carnivorous mammals over animals have evolved to stalk and kill their prey in many, many the last 60 million years (or so) of Earth’s history. varied ways. Just think of the speed of a frog’s tongue or the speed of a cheetah, the stealth and camouflage of an octopus, Types of Saber-teeth or the intelligence of some birds. These are only a few examples Not only were there four different groups of mammals that of modern carnivores; the variety of carnivores through time is evolved saber-teeth separately, there are also two different kinds broader and even more fascinating. of saber-teeth. There are the dirk-toothed forms, and the scimitar- toothed forms. The scimitar-toothed animals tended to be more Convergent evolution is the reappearance of the same solution lightly built with coarsely serrated and somewhat elongated to a biological problem across unrelated groups of animals. This canines (fig. 1) (Martin, 1998a). The dirk-toothed animals tended has happened many times throughout Earth’s history. The similar to be more powerfully built with long, finely serrated, dagger-like body shapes of sharks, fish, ichthyosaurs (a group of swimming canines which sometimes included a large flange on the lower jaw reptiles) and dolphins is a great example of unrelated groups of (fig.
    [Show full text]