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Table S1. Brain Volume Endocranial Volume in Milliliters and Body Mass Adult Sex-Averaged Mass in Kilograms Data for Carnivora F

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Table S1. Brain Volume Endocranial Volume in Milliliters and Body Mass Adult Sex-Averaged Mass in Kilograms Data for Carnivora F Table S1. Brain volume endocranial volume in milliliters and body mass adult sex-averaged mass in kilograms data for Carnivora Family Genus Species Status Body Source Brain volume Refs. New taxa or Proxy mass data in this study Caniformia* Ailuridae Ailurus fulgens Extant 4.90 16 40.85 17 Bead Amphicyonidae Amphicyon ingens Fossil 311.82 18 257.94 12 Skull Amphicyonidae Amphicyon galushai Fossil 258.48 19 253.42 12 Skull Amphicyonidae Amphicyon longiramus Fossil 162.69 19 270.30 New taxon Skull Amphicyonidae Cynelos rugosidens Fossil 24.64 20 115.00 13 Endo Amphicyonidae Ischyrocyon gidleyi Fossil 500.37 19 311.41 12 Skull Amphicyonidae Pliocyon medius Fossil 181.20 21 222.22 12, 22 Endo, Skull Amphicyonidae "Miacis" cognitus Fossil 2.65 22, 23 11.98 New taxon Skull Amphicyonidae Pseudocyonopsis ambiguus Fossil 65.03 24 68.00 22, 25 Endo Amphicyonidae Adilophontes brachykolos Fossil 167.08 26 95.33 12 Skull Amphicyonidae Daphoenodon superbus Fossil 88.47 19 133.00 13 Endo Amphicyonidae Daphoenus vetus Fossil 15.42 19 63.38 12, 25 Endo, Skull Amphicyonidae Daphoenus hartshornianus Fossil 9.35 19 49.64 12, 25 New data Endo, Skull Amphicyonidae Paradaphoenus cuspigerus Fossil 2.84 19 21.52 12 Skull Canidae Aelurodon taxoides Fossil 42.98 27 148.65 12 Skull Canidae Aelurodon ferox Fossil 35.75 27 134.40 3, 12 Skull Canidae Aelurodon asthenostylus Fossil 27.01 27 92.31 3 Skull Canidae Aelurodon mcgrewi Fossil 28.10 27 62.59 12 Skull Canidae Borophagus littoralis Fossil 32.04 27 127.02 12 Skull Canidae Borophagus secundus Fossil 34.77 27 119.17 12 Skull Canidae Carpocyon webbi Fossil 24.80 27 100.80 12 Skull Canidae Carpocyon compressus Fossil 15.42 27 71.62 3 Skull Canidae Cormocyon copei Fossil 3.00 27 24.90 3, 12 Skull Canidae Desmocyon matthewi Fossil 6.05 27 38.62 3 Skull Canidae Desmocyon thompsoni Fossil 5.19 27 36.76 3 Skull Canidae Epicyon haydeni Fossil 71.86 27 131.27 3 Skull Canidae Epicyon saevus Fossil 39.30 27 104.11 12 Skull Canidae Microtomarctus conferta Fossil 6.71 27 34.93 3, 12 Skull Canidae Otarocyon cooki Fossil 0.81 27 11.04 3 Skull Canidae Otarocyon macdonaldi Fossil 0.70 27 7.87 3 Skull Canidae Paracynarctus sinclairi Fossil 8.51 27 59.59 3 Skull Canidae Paratomarctus euthos Fossil 13.73 27 59.94 3, 12 Skull Canidae Paratomarctus temerarius Fossil 9.94 27 53.99 3 Skull Canidae Phlaocyon multicuspus Fossil 6.43 Original 23.86 3 Skull data Canidae Phlaocyon leucosteus Fossil 2.81 27 18.97 12 Skull Canidae Protomarctus optatus Fossil 10.33 27 54.78 3, 12 Skull Canidae Rhizocyon oregonensis Fossil 1.69 27 17.27 3, 12 Skull Canidae Tomarctus hippophaga Fossil 13.96 27 68.05 3, 12 Skull Canidae Tomarctus brevirostris Fossil 19.39 27 51.30 3 Skull Canidae Alopex lagopus Extant 4.87 16 35.52 28 Bead Canidae Atelocynus microtis Extant 7.75 16 62.18 17 Bead Canidae Canis dirus Fossil 63.37 19 177.66 3, 12 New data Skull Canidae Canis armbrusteri Fossil 47.46 19 153.43 12 Skull Canidae Canis lupus (Europe) Extant 29.00 29 131.60 28 Bead Canidae Canis lupus (N. America) Extant 32.18 16 131.60 28 Bead Canidae Canis latrans Extant 13.41 16 88.23 28 Bead Canidae Canis simensis Extant 10.00 16 80.67 3 Skull Canidae Canis edwardii Fossil 28.44 19 75.38 12 Skull Canidae Canis aureus Extant 10.35 16 72.24 17 Bead Canidae Canis adustus Extant 10.25 16 51.94 28 Bead Canidae Canis mesomelas Extant 8.50 16 51.42 28 Bead Canidae Cerdocyon thous Extant 5.24 16 41.80 30 Bead Canidae Chrysocyon brachyurus Extant 23.25 16 120.30 28 Bead Canidae Cuon javanicus Fossil 18.41 Original 117.19 3 Skull data Canidae Cuon alpinus Extant 12.76 16 95.00 30 Bead Canidae Eucyon davisi Fossil 9.00 19 55.68 12 Skull Canidae Leptocyon vafer Fossil 3.62 19 24.21 12 Skull Canidae Leptocyon gregorii Fossil 2.70 Original 15.27 12 Skull data Canidae Lycaon pictus Extant 22.05 16 129.00 30 Bead Canidae Nyctereutes cf. donnezani Fossil 8.00 29 53.45 12 Skull Canidae Nyctereutes donnezani Fossil 8.00 29 53.45 12 Skull Canidae Nyctereutes procyonoides Extant 4.04 16 28.50 28 Bead Canidae Otocyon megalotis Extant 4.15 16 26.84 28 Bead Canidae Pseudalopex culpaeus Extant 9.83 16 51.50 30 Bead Canidae Pseudalopex gymnocercus Extant 4.69 16 40.00 30 Bead Canidae Speothos venaticus Extant 6.00 16 40.45 28 Bead Canidae Urocyon cinereoargenteus Extant 3.83 16 40.85 28 Bead Canidae Urocyon littoralis Extant 1.90 16 27.66 17 Bead Canidae Vulpes vulpes (Europe) Extant 8.00 29 43.38 28 Bead Canidae Vulpes vulpes (N. Extant 5.60 16 43.38 28 Bead America) Canidae Vulpes chama Extant 2.96 16 33.50 30 Bead Canidae Vulpes velox Extant 2.20 16 32.14 17 Bead Canidae Vulpes bengalensis Extant 2.73 16 25.80 30 Bead Canidae Vulpes pallida Extant 2.80 16 25.03 17 Bead Canidae Vulpes rueppelli Extant 3.25 16 24.29 17 Bead Canidae Vulpes zerda Extant 1.10 16 17.29 28 Bead Canidae Cynodesmus thooides Fossil 9.05 31 37.77 3, 12, 14 Endo, Skull Canidae Enhydrocyon basilatus Fossil 28.99 31 73.68 12 Skull Canidae Enhydrocyon stenocephalus Fossil 20.74 31 69.11 12 Skull Canidae Enhydrocyon pahinsintewakpa Fossil 18.71 31 54.12 3 Skull Canidae Hesperocyon gregarius Fossil 2.30 31 14.88 3, 12, 25 Endo, Skull Canidae Mesocyon coryphaeus Fossil 10.42 31 48.17 3, 12, 14 Endo, Skull Canidae Mesocyon brachyops Fossil 7.29 31 39.35 12 Skull Canidae Osbornodon fricki Fossil 38.31 31 101.22 12 Skull Canidae Osbornodon iamonensis Fossil 15.62 31 63.36 3 Skull Canidae Paraenhydrodon josephi Fossil 6.93 31 40.04 12 Skull Canidae Sunkahetanka geringensis Fossil 12.60 31 54.69 3 Skull Mephitidae Conepatus mesoleucus Extant 2.01 16 15.50 12 Skull Mephitidae Conepatus chinga Extant 1.92 16 14.78 12 Skull Mephitidae Conepatus leuconotus Extant 3.50 16 14.44 28 Bead Mephitidae Conepatus humboldtii Extant 1.32 32 12.57 12 Skull Mephitidae Conepatus sanmiguelensis Fossil 3.37 33 16.55 New taxon Skull Mephitidae Conepatus semistriatus Extant 2.04 Original 18.92 New taxon Skull data Mephitidae Martinogale chisoensis Fossil 0.72 34 4.01 12 Skull Mephitidae Martinogale faulli Fossil 0.24 10 2.15 New taxon Skull Mephitidae Mephitis mephitis Extant 2.09 16 10.28 28 Bead Mephitidae Mephitis macroura Extant 1.03 Original 10.07 New taxon Skull data Mephitidae Mydaus javanensis Extant 2.50 16 19.49 28 Bead Mephitidae Promephitis hootoni (Asia) Fossil 1.53 35 11.87 New taxon Skull Mephitidae Promephitis majori Fossil 0.99 35 6.64 12 Skull Mephitidae Promephitis parvus Fossil 0.64 35 4.68 New taxon Skull Mephitidae Spilogale putorius Extant 0.34 16 5.00 28 Bead Mustelidae Arctonyx collaris Extant 6.36 16 49.40 17 Bead Mustelidae Bathygale lemanensis Fossil 2.02 Original 10.98 12 Skull data Mustelidae Galictis vittata Extant 3.20 16 24.30 30 Bead Mustelidae Galictis cuja Extant 1.00 16 15.03 28 Bead Mustelidae Kinometaxia guangpui Fossil 2.28 Original 15.10 New taxon Skull data Mustelidae Leptarctus primus Fossil 2.62 36 12.79 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Meles meles Extant 13.00 16 50.40 28 Bead Mustelidae Mellivora capensis Extant 8.50 16 72.97 28 Bead Mustelidae Melogale moschata Extant 0.81 16 15.07 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Melogale personata Extant 1.70 16 13.83 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Paragale hurzeleri Fossil 2.77 Original 18.45 12 Skull data Mustelidae Parataxidea crassa Fossil 4.50 29 41.79 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Plesictis palustris Fossil 0.67 Original 8.04 12 Skull data Mustelidae Pliotaxidea nevadensis Fossil 2.40 19 22.46 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Potamotherium valletoni Fossil 7.99 Original 45.68 12, 13 Endo, Skull data Mustelidae Promeles palaeattica Fossil 6.46 37 24.07 12 Skull Mustelidae Taxidea taxus Extant 7.11 16 48.91 28 Bead Mustelidae Zodiolestes daimonelixensis Fossil 5.72 13 31.99 12, 13 Endo, Skull Mustelidae Plionictis parviloba Fossil 1.98 19 11.37 12 Skull Mustelidae Amblonyx cinereus Extant 1.75 16 38.08 28 Bead Mustelidae Aonyx capensis Extant 19.00 16 94.63 28 Bead Mustelidae Enhydra lutris Extant 23.50 16 125.21 28 Bead Mustelidae Lontra canadensis Extant 8.09 16 52.98 28 Bead Mustelidae Lontra felina Extant 4.50 38 38.86 17 Bead Mustelidae Lutra lutra Extant 8.79 16 42.10 28 Bead Mustelidae Lutra maculicollis Extant 4.00 16 40.04 28 Bead Mustelidae Lutra palaeindica Fossil 4.72 Original 38.87 12 Skull data Mustelidae Lutrogale perspicillata Extant 9.00 16 64.72 28 Bead Mustelidae Pteronura brasiliensis Extant 24.00 16 85.63 28 Bead Mustelidae Enhydritherium terraenovae Fossil 17.17 39 119.07 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Eira barbara Extant 3.91 16 35.87 28 Bead Mustelidae Gulo gulo Extant 17.01 16 78.26 28 Bead Mustelidae Martes flavigula Extant 1.84 16 34.12 28 Bead Mustelidae Martes pennanti Extant 4.00 16 31.82 28 Bead Mustelidae Martes foina Extant 1.54 16 20.91 17 Bead Mustelidae Martes martes Extant 1.30 16 20.00 30 Bead Mustelidae Martes zibellina Extant 1.13 16 18.50 30 Bead Mustelidae Martes americana Extant 1.25 16 15.80 28 Bead Mustelidae Pekania palaeosinensis Fossil 4.05 Original 24.23 New taxon Skull data Mustelidae Plesiogulo crassa Fossil 28.99 40 65.89 12 Skull Mustelidae Sinictis dolichognathus Fossil 2.22 Original 19.68 New taxon Skull data Mustelidae Ictonyx striatus Extant 1.30 16 9.78 28 Bead Mustelidae Ictonyx libyca Extant 0.63 16 4.48 28 Bead Mustelidae Mustela lutreola Extant 0.44 16 8.50 30 Bead Mustelidae Mustela nigripes Extant 0.85 16 8.50 17 Bead Mustelidae Mustela vison Extant 0.95 16 8.50 28 Bead Mustelidae Mustela putorius Extant 0.92 16 8.30 30 Bead Mustelidae Mustela sibirica Extant 0.41 16 6.75 28 Bead Mustelidae Mustela altaica Extant 0.17 16 4.50 30 Bead Mustelidae Mustela kathiah Extant 0.21 16 4.41 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Mustela
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