Table S1. Brain volume endocranial volume in milliliters and body mass adult sex-averaged mass in kilograms data for Carnivora Family Genus Species Status Body Source Brain volume Refs. New taxa or Proxy mass data in this study Caniformia* Ailuridae Ailurus fulgens Extant 4.90 16 40.85 17 Bead Amphicyonidae Amphicyon ingens Fossil 311.82 18 257.94 12 Skull Amphicyonidae Amphicyon galushai Fossil 258.48 19 253.42 12 Skull Amphicyonidae Amphicyon longiramus Fossil 162.69 19 270.30 New taxon Skull Amphicyonidae Cynelos rugosidens Fossil 24.64 20 115.00 13 Endo Amphicyonidae Ischyrocyon gidleyi Fossil 500.37 19 311.41 12 Skull Amphicyonidae Pliocyon medius Fossil 181.20 21 222.22 12, 22 Endo, Skull Amphicyonidae "Miacis" cognitus Fossil 2.65 22, 23 11.98 New taxon Skull Amphicyonidae Pseudocyonopsis ambiguus Fossil 65.03 24 68.00 22, 25 Endo Amphicyonidae Adilophontes brachykolos Fossil 167.08 26 95.33 12 Skull Amphicyonidae Daphoenodon superbus Fossil 88.47 19 133.00 13 Endo Amphicyonidae Daphoenus vetus Fossil 15.42 19 63.38 12, 25 Endo, Skull Amphicyonidae Daphoenus hartshornianus Fossil 9.35 19 49.64 12, 25 New data Endo, Skull Amphicyonidae Paradaphoenus cuspigerus Fossil 2.84 19 21.52 12 Skull Canidae Aelurodon taxoides Fossil 42.98 27 148.65 12 Skull Canidae Aelurodon ferox Fossil 35.75 27 134.40 3, 12 Skull Canidae Aelurodon asthenostylus Fossil 27.01 27 92.31 3 Skull Canidae Aelurodon mcgrewi Fossil 28.10 27 62.59 12 Skull Canidae Borophagus littoralis Fossil 32.04 27 127.02 12 Skull Canidae Borophagus secundus Fossil 34.77 27 119.17 12 Skull Canidae Carpocyon webbi Fossil 24.80 27 100.80 12 Skull Canidae Carpocyon compressus Fossil 15.42 27 71.62 3 Skull Canidae Cormocyon copei Fossil 3.00 27 24.90 3, 12 Skull Canidae Desmocyon matthewi Fossil 6.05 27 38.62 3 Skull Canidae Desmocyon thompsoni Fossil 5.19 27 36.76 3 Skull Canidae Epicyon haydeni Fossil 71.86 27 131.27 3 Skull Canidae Epicyon saevus Fossil 39.30 27 104.11 12 Skull Canidae Microtomarctus conferta Fossil 6.71 27 34.93 3, 12 Skull Canidae Otarocyon cooki Fossil 0.81 27 11.04 3 Skull Canidae Otarocyon macdonaldi Fossil 0.70 27 7.87 3 Skull Canidae Paracynarctus sinclairi Fossil 8.51 27 59.59 3 Skull Canidae Paratomarctus euthos Fossil 13.73 27 59.94 3, 12 Skull Canidae Paratomarctus temerarius Fossil 9.94 27 53.99 3 Skull Canidae Phlaocyon multicuspus Fossil 6.43 Original 23.86 3 Skull data Canidae Phlaocyon leucosteus Fossil 2.81 27 18.97 12 Skull Canidae Protomarctus optatus Fossil 10.33 27 54.78 3, 12 Skull Canidae Rhizocyon oregonensis Fossil 1.69 27 17.27 3, 12 Skull Canidae Tomarctus hippophaga Fossil 13.96 27 68.05 3, 12 Skull Canidae Tomarctus brevirostris Fossil 19.39 27 51.30 3 Skull Canidae Alopex lagopus Extant 4.87 16 35.52 28 Bead Canidae Atelocynus microtis Extant 7.75 16 62.18 17 Bead Canidae Canis dirus Fossil 63.37 19 177.66 3, 12 New data Skull Canidae Canis armbrusteri Fossil 47.46 19 153.43 12 Skull Canidae Canis lupus (Europe) Extant 29.00 29 131.60 28 Bead Canidae Canis lupus (N. America) Extant 32.18 16 131.60 28 Bead Canidae Canis latrans Extant 13.41 16 88.23 28 Bead Canidae Canis simensis Extant 10.00 16 80.67 3 Skull Canidae Canis edwardii Fossil 28.44 19 75.38 12 Skull Canidae Canis aureus Extant 10.35 16 72.24 17 Bead Canidae Canis adustus Extant 10.25 16 51.94 28 Bead Canidae Canis mesomelas Extant 8.50 16 51.42 28 Bead Canidae Cerdocyon thous Extant 5.24 16 41.80 30 Bead Canidae Chrysocyon brachyurus Extant 23.25 16 120.30 28 Bead Canidae Cuon javanicus Fossil 18.41 Original 117.19 3 Skull data Canidae Cuon alpinus Extant 12.76 16 95.00 30 Bead Canidae Eucyon davisi Fossil 9.00 19 55.68 12 Skull Canidae Leptocyon vafer Fossil 3.62 19 24.21 12 Skull Canidae Leptocyon gregorii Fossil 2.70 Original 15.27 12 Skull data Canidae Lycaon pictus Extant 22.05 16 129.00 30 Bead Canidae Nyctereutes cf. donnezani Fossil 8.00 29 53.45 12 Skull Canidae Nyctereutes donnezani Fossil 8.00 29 53.45 12 Skull Canidae Nyctereutes procyonoides Extant 4.04 16 28.50 28 Bead Canidae Otocyon megalotis Extant 4.15 16 26.84 28 Bead Canidae Pseudalopex culpaeus Extant 9.83 16 51.50 30 Bead Canidae Pseudalopex gymnocercus Extant 4.69 16 40.00 30 Bead Canidae Speothos venaticus Extant 6.00 16 40.45 28 Bead Canidae Urocyon cinereoargenteus Extant 3.83 16 40.85 28 Bead Canidae Urocyon littoralis Extant 1.90 16 27.66 17 Bead Canidae Vulpes vulpes (Europe) Extant 8.00 29 43.38 28 Bead Canidae Vulpes vulpes (N. Extant 5.60 16 43.38 28 Bead America) Canidae Vulpes chama Extant 2.96 16 33.50 30 Bead Canidae Vulpes velox Extant 2.20 16 32.14 17 Bead Canidae Vulpes bengalensis Extant 2.73 16 25.80 30 Bead Canidae Vulpes pallida Extant 2.80 16 25.03 17 Bead Canidae Vulpes rueppelli Extant 3.25 16 24.29 17 Bead Canidae Vulpes zerda Extant 1.10 16 17.29 28 Bead Canidae Cynodesmus thooides Fossil 9.05 31 37.77 3, 12, 14 Endo, Skull Canidae Enhydrocyon basilatus Fossil 28.99 31 73.68 12 Skull Canidae Enhydrocyon stenocephalus Fossil 20.74 31 69.11 12 Skull Canidae Enhydrocyon pahinsintewakpa Fossil 18.71 31 54.12 3 Skull Canidae Hesperocyon gregarius Fossil 2.30 31 14.88 3, 12, 25 Endo, Skull Canidae Mesocyon coryphaeus Fossil 10.42 31 48.17 3, 12, 14 Endo, Skull Canidae Mesocyon brachyops Fossil 7.29 31 39.35 12 Skull Canidae Osbornodon fricki Fossil 38.31 31 101.22 12 Skull Canidae Osbornodon iamonensis Fossil 15.62 31 63.36 3 Skull Canidae Paraenhydrodon josephi Fossil 6.93 31 40.04 12 Skull Canidae Sunkahetanka geringensis Fossil 12.60 31 54.69 3 Skull Mephitidae Conepatus mesoleucus Extant 2.01 16 15.50 12 Skull Mephitidae Conepatus chinga Extant 1.92 16 14.78 12 Skull Mephitidae Conepatus leuconotus Extant 3.50 16 14.44 28 Bead Mephitidae Conepatus humboldtii Extant 1.32 32 12.57 12 Skull Mephitidae Conepatus sanmiguelensis Fossil 3.37 33 16.55 New taxon Skull Mephitidae Conepatus semistriatus Extant 2.04 Original 18.92 New taxon Skull data Mephitidae Martinogale chisoensis Fossil 0.72 34 4.01 12 Skull Mephitidae Martinogale faulli Fossil 0.24 10 2.15 New taxon Skull Mephitidae Mephitis mephitis Extant 2.09 16 10.28 28 Bead Mephitidae Mephitis macroura Extant 1.03 Original 10.07 New taxon Skull data Mephitidae Mydaus javanensis Extant 2.50 16 19.49 28 Bead Mephitidae Promephitis hootoni (Asia) Fossil 1.53 35 11.87 New taxon Skull Mephitidae Promephitis majori Fossil 0.99 35 6.64 12 Skull Mephitidae Promephitis parvus Fossil 0.64 35 4.68 New taxon Skull Mephitidae Spilogale putorius Extant 0.34 16 5.00 28 Bead Mustelidae Arctonyx collaris Extant 6.36 16 49.40 17 Bead Mustelidae Bathygale lemanensis Fossil 2.02 Original 10.98 12 Skull data Mustelidae Galictis vittata Extant 3.20 16 24.30 30 Bead Mustelidae Galictis cuja Extant 1.00 16 15.03 28 Bead Mustelidae Kinometaxia guangpui Fossil 2.28 Original 15.10 New taxon Skull data Mustelidae Leptarctus primus Fossil 2.62 36 12.79 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Meles meles Extant 13.00 16 50.40 28 Bead Mustelidae Mellivora capensis Extant 8.50 16 72.97 28 Bead Mustelidae Melogale moschata Extant 0.81 16 15.07 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Melogale personata Extant 1.70 16 13.83 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Paragale hurzeleri Fossil 2.77 Original 18.45 12 Skull data Mustelidae Parataxidea crassa Fossil 4.50 29 41.79 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Plesictis palustris Fossil 0.67 Original 8.04 12 Skull data Mustelidae Pliotaxidea nevadensis Fossil 2.40 19 22.46 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Potamotherium valletoni Fossil 7.99 Original 45.68 12, 13 Endo, Skull data Mustelidae Promeles palaeattica Fossil 6.46 37 24.07 12 Skull Mustelidae Taxidea taxus Extant 7.11 16 48.91 28 Bead Mustelidae Zodiolestes daimonelixensis Fossil 5.72 13 31.99 12, 13 Endo, Skull Mustelidae Plionictis parviloba Fossil 1.98 19 11.37 12 Skull Mustelidae Amblonyx cinereus Extant 1.75 16 38.08 28 Bead Mustelidae Aonyx capensis Extant 19.00 16 94.63 28 Bead Mustelidae Enhydra lutris Extant 23.50 16 125.21 28 Bead Mustelidae Lontra canadensis Extant 8.09 16 52.98 28 Bead Mustelidae Lontra felina Extant 4.50 38 38.86 17 Bead Mustelidae Lutra lutra Extant 8.79 16 42.10 28 Bead Mustelidae Lutra maculicollis Extant 4.00 16 40.04 28 Bead Mustelidae Lutra palaeindica Fossil 4.72 Original 38.87 12 Skull data Mustelidae Lutrogale perspicillata Extant 9.00 16 64.72 28 Bead Mustelidae Pteronura brasiliensis Extant 24.00 16 85.63 28 Bead Mustelidae Enhydritherium terraenovae Fossil 17.17 39 119.07 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Eira barbara Extant 3.91 16 35.87 28 Bead Mustelidae Gulo gulo Extant 17.01 16 78.26 28 Bead Mustelidae Martes flavigula Extant 1.84 16 34.12 28 Bead Mustelidae Martes pennanti Extant 4.00 16 31.82 28 Bead Mustelidae Martes foina Extant 1.54 16 20.91 17 Bead Mustelidae Martes martes Extant 1.30 16 20.00 30 Bead Mustelidae Martes zibellina Extant 1.13 16 18.50 30 Bead Mustelidae Martes americana Extant 1.25 16 15.80 28 Bead Mustelidae Pekania palaeosinensis Fossil 4.05 Original 24.23 New taxon Skull data Mustelidae Plesiogulo crassa Fossil 28.99 40 65.89 12 Skull Mustelidae Sinictis dolichognathus Fossil 2.22 Original 19.68 New taxon Skull data Mustelidae Ictonyx striatus Extant 1.30 16 9.78 28 Bead Mustelidae Ictonyx libyca Extant 0.63 16 4.48 28 Bead Mustelidae Mustela lutreola Extant 0.44 16 8.50 30 Bead Mustelidae Mustela nigripes Extant 0.85 16 8.50 17 Bead Mustelidae Mustela vison Extant 0.95 16 8.50 28 Bead Mustelidae Mustela putorius Extant 0.92 16 8.30 30 Bead Mustelidae Mustela sibirica Extant 0.41 16 6.75 28 Bead Mustelidae Mustela altaica Extant 0.17 16 4.50 30 Bead Mustelidae Mustela kathiah Extant 0.21 16 4.41 New taxon Skull Mustelidae Mustela frenata Extant 0.15 16 4.01 28 Bead Mustelidae Mustela erminea Extant 0.12 16 4.00 30 Bead Mustelidae Mustela nivalis Extant 0.10 16 1.99 17 Bead Mustelidae Poecilogale albinucha Extant 0.34 16 4.76 28 Bead Mustelidae Vormela peregusna Extant 0.54 16 4.76 28 Bead Mustelidae Promartes darbyi Fossil 2.60 Original 14.54 12 Skull data Procyonidae Pseudobassaris riggsi Fossil 1.76 Original 10.40 12 Skull data Procyonidae Bassaricyon alleni Extant 1.24 16 18.48 New taxon Skull Procyonidae Bassaricyon gabbii Extant 1.25 16 17.02 New taxon Skull Procyonidae Bassariscus sumichrasti Extant 0.90 16 19.30 17 Bead Procyonidae Potos flavus Extant 3.00 16 25.53 28 Bead Procyonidae Bassariscus astutus Extant 1.13 16 16.44 28 Bead Procyonidae Nasua narica Extant 3.87 16 29.96 28 Bead Procyonidae Procyon cancrivorus Extant 6.95 16 59.45 New taxon Skull Procyonidae Procyon lotor Extant 5.53 16 40.04 28 Bead Ursidae Ailuropoda melanoleuca Extant 108.40 16 235.10 28 Bead Ursidae Amphicticeps shackelfordi Fossil 2.14 9 15.11 12 Skull Ursidae Pachycynodon tedfordi Fossil 4.89 41 39.00 16 Endo Ursidae Cephalogale ursinus Fossil 26.17 42 184.11 12 Skull Ursidae Arctodus simus Fossil 328.47 19 683.11 12 New data Skull Ursidae Tremarctos floridanus Fossil 150.00 16 314.65 12 New data Skull Ursidae Tremarctos ornatus Extant 110.00 43 195.27 New taxon Skull Ursidae Indarctos oregonensis Fossil 545.49 Original 646.50 New taxon Skull data Ursidae Helarctos malayanus Extant 46.50 16 345.25 28 Bead Ursidae Melursus ursinus Extant 93.13 16 304.90 28 Bead Ursidae Ursus spelaeus Fossil 300.00 29 652.59 12 New data Skull Ursidae Ursus deningeri Fossil 153.83 44 378.00 44 New taxon CT Ursidae Ursus maritimus Extant 388.75 16 459.44 28 Bead Ursidae Ursus arctos Extant 172.72 16 338.30 30 Bead Ursidae Ursus thibetanus Extant 77.50 16 314.19 28 Bead Ursidae Ursus americanus Extant 99.95 16 259.82 28 Bead Feliformia* Basal Herpestides antiquus Fossil 4.00 29 26.37 Skull Feliformia Basal Nandinia biontata Extant 2.00 16 17.29 17 Bead Feliformia Basal Paleoprionodon lamandini Fossil 1.97 45 8.92 New taxon Skull Feliformia Basal Stenogale julieni Fossil 2.14 46 10.23 New taxon Skull Feliformia Eupleridae Cryptoprocta ferox Extant 9.50 16 32.14 17 Bead Eupleridae Eupleres goudotii Extant 3.00 16 16.95 17 Bead Eupleridae Fossa fossana Extant 1.50 16 19.69 17 Bead Eupleridae Galidia elegans Extant 0.80 16 10.70 17 Bead Eupleridae Salanoia conoclor Extant 0.65 16 11.02 17 Bead Felidae Acinonyx jubatus Extant 50.00 16 111.05 17 Bead Felidae Caracal caracal Extant 13.75 16 55.15 17 Bead Felidae Catopuma temninckii Extant 11.50 16 68.03 17 Bead Felidae Dinofelis piveateau Fossil 259.82 47 153.68 New taxon Skull Felidae Felis chaus Extant 7.39 16 39.25 17 Bead Felidae Felis nigripes Extant 1.30 16 20.09 17 Bead Felidae Felis silvestris Extant 5.53 16 37.34 17 Bead Felidae Herpailurus yagouarundi Extant 7.87 16 40.04 17 Bead Felidae Homotherium hadarensis Fossil 106.47 48 211.51 New taxon Skull Felidae Homotherium serus Fossil 150.00 49 332.29 New taxon Skull Felidae Leopardis pardalis Extant 11.90 16 63.43 17 Bead Felidae Leptailurus serval Extant 12.00 16 56.80 30 Bead Felidae Lynx issiodorensis Fossil 30.00 29 96.18 New taxon Skull Felidae Lynx lynx Extant 17.95 16 70.11 17 Bead Felidae Lynx rufus Extant 8.90 16 57.97 17 Bead Felidae Lynx shansius Fossil 21.72 50 68.32 New taxon Skull Felidae Machairodus palanderi Fossil 160.80 51 291.04 New taxon Skull Felidae Neofelis nebulosa Extant 19.68 16 68.71 17 Bead Felidae Nimravides galiani Fossil 129.70 PBDB 217.29 New taxon Skull 01/26/08 Felidae Oncifelis geoffroyi Extant 3.59 16 34.00 17 Bead Felidae Otocolobus manul Extant 3.50 16 34.47 17 Bead Felidae Panthera tigirs Extant 162.56 16 278.66 17 Bead Felidae Panthera atrox Fossil 206.38 PBDB 459.87 New taxon Skull 01/26/08 Felidae Panthera augusta Fossil 96.77 PBDB 272.66 New taxon Skull 01/26/08 Felidae Panthera leo Extant 161.50 16 223.63 17 Bead Felidae Panthera onca Extant 100.00 16 151.41 17 Bead Felidae Panthera pardus Extant 52.04 16 125.21 17 Bead Felidae Prionailurus bengalensis Extant 3.30 16 29.37 17 Bead Felidae Prionailurus rubignosa Extant 2.77 16 18.92 17 Bead Felidae Prionailurus viverrinus Extant 9.14 16 46.53 17 Bead Felidae Profelis aurata Extant 10.65 16 57.97 17 Bead Felidae Pseudaelurus validus Fossil 24.80 52 71.79 New taxon Skull Felidae Puma concolor Extant 51.60 16 125.21 17 Bead Felidae Smilodon californicus Fossil 225.60 53 385.61 New taxon Skull Felidae Smilodon fatalis Fossil 225.60 53 345.91 New taxon Skull Felidae Smilodon gracilis Fossil 82.80 53 184.88 New taxon Skull Felidae Uncia uncia Extant 44.17 16 101.49 17 Bead Herpestidae Atilax paludinosus Extant 3.30 16 28.50 17 Bead Herpestidae Bdeogale crassicaudata Extant 1.55 16 16.95 17 Bead Herpestidae Crossarchus obscursus Extant 1.25 16 9.78 17 Bead Herpestidae Cynictis penicillata Extant 0.84 16 10.49 17 Bead Herpestidae Galerella pulverulenta Extant 0.80 16 11.02 17 Bead Herpestidae Galerella sanguinea Extant 0.55 16 8.76 17 Bead Herpestidae Helogale parvula Extant 0.30 16 4.76 17 Bead Herpestidae Herpestes vitticollis Extant 2.58 16 25.79 17 Bead Herpestidae Herpestes edwardsii Extant 1.32 16 10.49 17 Bead Herpestidae Herpestes ichneumon Extant 5.18 16 23.34 17 Bead Herpestidae Herpestes javanicus Extant 0.74 16 7.24 17 Bead Herpestidae Herpestes lemanensis Fossil 3.48 54 24.79 New taxon Skull Herpestidae Herpestes naso Extant 3.00 16 25.53 17 Bead Herpestidae Herpestes smithii Extant 1.78 16 13.74 17 Bead Herpestidae Herpestes urva Extant 1.86 16 20.91 17 Bead Herpestidae Ichneumia albicauda Extant 3.50 16 24.29 17 Bead Herpestidae Mungos mungo Extant 1.93 16 10.49 17 Bead Herpestidae Paracynictis selousi Extant 1.64 16 15.80 17 Bead Herpestidae Phyncogale melleri Extant 2.50 16 16.95 17 Bead Herpestidae Suricata suricata Extant 0.73 16 10.28 17 Bead Hyaenidae Adcrocuta eximia Fossil 70.00 29 178.25 New taxon Skull Hyaenidae Crocuta crocuta Extant 63.00 16 144.03 17 Bead Hyaenidae Hyaena brunnea Extant 32.20 16 106.70 17 Bead Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena Extant 41.71 16 97.51 17 Bead Hyaenidae Crocuta sivalensis Fossil 56.88 55 186.18 New taxon Skull Hyaenidae Hyaenictitherium hyaenoides Fossil 23.16 56 90.99 New taxon Skull Hyaenidae Hyaenictitherium wongi Fossil 35.00 29 77.43 New taxon Skull Hyaenidae Ictitherium viverrinum Fossil 18.00 29 61.31 New taxon Skull Hyaenidae Lycyaena chaeretis Fossil 40.00 29 152.82 New taxon Skull Hyaenidae Palinhyaena reperta Fossil 20.45 57 74.69 New taxon Skull Hyaenidae Proteles cristata Extant 10.00 16 35.16 17 Bead Hyaenidae Thalassictis hipparionum Fossil 18.96 58 77.63 New taxon Skull Hyaenidae Tungurictis spocki Fossil 4.05 59 19.37 New taxon Skull Nimravidae Barbourofelis loveorum Fossil 134.67 PBDB 162.88 New taxon Skull 01/29/08 Nimravidae Barbourofelis morrisi Fossil 70.33 PBDB 121.65 New taxon Skull 01/29/08 Nimravidae Dinictis cyclops Fossil 12.85 60 63.49 New taxon Skull Nimravidae Dinictis felina Fossil 21.02 61 70.44 New taxon Skull Nimravidae Hoplophoneus occidentalis Fossil 55.10 PBDB 150.30 New taxon Skull 01/29/08 Nimravidae Hoplophoneus primaevus Fossil 11.00 PBDB 62.71 12, 25 New data Endo, Skull 1/29/08 Nimravidae Hoplophoneus sicarius Fossil 21.87 PBDB 99.83 New taxon Skull 01/29/08 Nimravidae Nimravus brachyops Fossil 36.53 PBDB 96.10 New taxon Skull 01/29/08 Nimravidae Pogonodon platycopis Fossil 46.60 60 112.53 New taxon Skull Prionodontidae Prionodon linsang Extant 0.70 16 8.50 17 Bead Prionodontidae Prionodon pardicolor Extant 0.51 16 9.03 17 Bead Viverridae Arctictis binturong Extant 9.88 16 40.85 17 Bead Viverridae Arctogalidia trivirgata Extant 2.25 16 21.98 17 Bead Viverridae Civettictis civetta Extant 12.00 16 36.97 17 Bead Viverridae Cynogale bennetti Extant 4.50 16 29.96 17 Bead Viverridae Genetta angolensis Extant 1.65 16 15.49 17 Bead Viverridae Genetta tigrina Extant 2.23 16 15.18 17 Bead Viverridae Genetta genetta Extant 2.00 16 14.01 17 Bead Viverridae Genetta servalina Extant 1.06 16 15.03 17 Bead Viverridae Hemigalus derbyanus Extant 2.12 16 18.92 17 Bead Viverridae Paguma larvata Extant 4.30 16 30.88 17 Bead Viverridae Paradoxurus hemaphroditus Extant 3.16 16 18.50 17 Bead Viverridae Paradoxurus zeylonensis Extant 2.78 16 17.81 17 Bead Viverridae Viverra megaspila Extant 9.25 16 36.60 17 Bead Viverridae Viverra tangalunga Extant 8.68 16 24.05 17 Bead Viverridae Viverra zibetha Extant 9.50 16 36.97 17 Bead Viverridae Viverricula indica Extant 2.91 16 16.78 17 Bead Original data indicates original measurements of molar dimensions for body mass estimates. PBDB indicates measurement data taken from the Paleobiology Database (http://www.pbdb.org) on the date provided. Endocranial volume proxy types as follows: Bead, volume determined by decanting beads in cleaned specimens; Endo, volume measured from fossil endocast; Skull, estimate of volume from morphometric model of external skull measures 14; CT, volume computed from a virtual endocast digitally constructed from computed tomography scans. *Suborder of Carnivora.