DOCSLIB.ORG

The Mauthausen CONCENTRATION CAMP COMPLEX World War II and Postwar Records

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

the mauthausen CONCENTRATION CAMP COMPLEX World War II and Postwar Records R E F E R E N C E I N F O R M A T I O N P A P E R 1 1 5 The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex: World War II and Postwar Records REFERENCE INFORMATION PAPER 1 1 5 National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 2008 Compiled by Amy Schmidt and Gudrun Loehrer United States. National Archives and Records Administration. The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex : World War II and postwar records / compiled by Amy Schmidt and Gudrun Loehrer.— Washington, D.C. : National Archives and Records Administration, 2008. p. ; cm.— (Reference information paper ; 115) Includes index. 1. Mauthausen (Concentration camp)—History— Sources— Bibliography—Catalogs. 2. United States. National Archives and Records Administration—Catalogs. 3. World War, 1939—1945—Concentration camps—Austria— Mauthausen— History—Sources—Bibliography—Catalogs. I. Schmidt, Amy. II. Loehrer, Gudrun. III. United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Front cover: (Top, from left) Heinrich Himmler, at left, and Ernst Kaltenbrunner (behind him) visit the Mauthausen camp, 1941. (USA Exhibit 904, RG 238) A top­secret German teletype circular provides instructions for transport of escaped and recaptured Allied POWs to Mauthausen for execution. (USA Exhibit 246, RG 238) A group of captured Yugoslav partisans after processing by Mauthausen’s Political Department, circa 1943. (Mauthausen Trial, Prosecution Exhibit 153, Box 345, RG 549) (Bottom) Mauthausen inmates welcome the U.S. Army’s 41st Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, 11th Armored Division, on May 5, 1945. Camp Gusen was liberated the same day, making these sites the last of the large German concentration camps to be liberated by advancing Allied forces. (111­SC­206395) c o n t e n t s Preface vii PART I: INTRODUCTION Background 1 About the Records 5 War Crimes Proceedings 6 Mauthausen War Crimes Records 7 Nontextual Records 8 Purposes of This Guide 9 How to Use This Guide 9 Acknowledgments 10 PART II: ORIGINAL MAUTHAUSEN RECORDS AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS Original Mauthausen Records 11 Camp Registers 11 RG 238, National Archives Collection 11 of World War II War Crimes Records RG 549, Records of United States Army, Europe 14 Francois Boix Photographic Collection 14 RG 153, Records of the Office of the Judge 15 Advocate General (Army) iii RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services 16 RG 238, National Archives Collection of 16 World War II War Crimes Records RG 549, Records of United States Army, Europe 17 Investigative Records of the Dawes Mission 18 RG 153, Records of the Office of the Judge 19 Advocate General (Army) RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services 22 PART III: TEXTUAL RECORDS RELATING TO THE MAUTHAUSEN COMPLEX RG 59, General Records of the Department of State 26 RG 84, Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the 28 Department of State RG 112, Records of the Office of the Surgeon 29 General (Army) RG 153, Records of the Office of the Judge Advocate 30 General (Army) RG 165, Records of the War Department General and 41 Special Staffs RG 220, Records of Temporary Committees, 43 Commissions, and Boards RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services 43 RG 238, National Archives Collection of World War II 52 War Crimes Records RG 242, National Archives Collection of Foreign 69 Records Seized RG 243, Records of the United States Strategic 75 Bombing Survey iv RG 260, Records of U.S. Occupation Headquarters, 76 World War II RG 331, Records of Allied Operational and Occupational 78 Headquarters, World War II RG 341, Records of the Headquarters United States 82 Air Force RG 407, Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1917– 84 RG 492, Records of Mediterranean Theater of 89 Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA) RG 549, Records of United States Army, Europe 90 PART IV: STILL PICTURES RG 111, Records of the Office of the Chief 289 Signal Officer RG 208, Records of the Office of War Information 293 PART V: MOTION PICTURES RG 111, Records of the Office of the Chief 295 Signal Officer RG 238, National Archives Collection of 298 World War II War Crimes Records PART VI: CARTOGRAPHIC RECORDS/ AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY RG 373, Records of the Defense Intelligence Agency 299 PART VII: MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS 302 v Appendix A: List of Mauthausen Defendants by Case 317 Appendix B: Catalogue of Mauthausen Records Held by 327 the International Tracing Service Appendix C: Repositories of Records Relating to the 339 Mauthausen Complex Index 349 vi p r e fa c e This reference information paper describes records relating to the Nazi­ operated Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex. These records of both U.S. civil and military agencies include documentation developed through wartime intelligence and reconnaissance, captured during the camps’ liber­ ation, and generated through postwar military investigations and tribunals. They include textual, photographic, motion picture, and cartographic records, spanning the period 1938–ca. 1960, in the National Archives at College Park, Maryland. National Archives reference information papers are part of a comprehen­ sive descriptive program designed to help researchers find their way through the voluminous records in our holdings. Topics addressed in other recent volumes include four titles in the series Records Relating to Personal Participation in World War II: “The American Soldier Surveys” (RIP 78), American Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees (RIP 80), American Military Casualties and Burials (RIP 82), and Military Awards and Decorations (RIP 92); World War II Records in the Cartographic and Architectural Branch of the National Archives (RIP 79); and Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing­in­Action Personnel from the Korean War and During the Cold War Era (RIP 102). The National Archives has produced numerous microfilm publications of records pertaining to Nazi war crimes and war crimes trials, several of which are described in this volume. Other Holocaust­related publications include The Holocaust, Israel, and the Jews: Motion Pictures in the National Archives (1989) and Holocaust­Era Assets: A Finding Aid to Records of the National Archives at College Park, Maryland (1999). Additional materials relating to concentration vii camps in the European Theater of Operations are widely scattered through­ out the National Archives microfilm collection of World War II captured German records. These are described in Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, VA, Nos. 1–98, and in the volume Captured German and Related Records: A National Archives Conference (1974). As the nation’s record keeper, NARA safeguards records of all three branches of the Federal Government. NARA meets an almost unlimited range of information needs, ensuring access to records on which both the credibility of government and the accuracy of history depend. We welcome any comments you may have on the information products and services NARA provides. Use the “contact us” link on www.archives.gov. Allen Weinstein Archivist of the United States viii part i Introduction Background I.1 The National Archives at College Park, Maryland, is a major repository of records pertaining to several World War II Nazi concentration camps: Buchenwald, Dachau, Flossenberg, Nordhausen, and Mauthausen. This ref­ erence information paper focuses on one of these, the Mauthausen camp complex, describing materials found in over 95 series of textual, still picture, motion picture, and cartographic records. Among these are original camp records; records produced by U.S. Government agencies, both military and civilian; and captured German records, including evidence files assembled for war crimes proceedings. Appendixes describe related collections in the custody of the International Tracing Service and direct researchers to other U.S. and European repositories of Mauthausen materials. I.2 The Mauthausen main camp was constructed in 1938 at a site near the Upper Austrian town of Mauthausen, roughly 20 kilometers east of Linz. A sec­ ond, nearby camp, known as Gusen I opened in 1940. These two“main camps” were designated “Category III” or extermination camps, designed to eliminate enemies of the German Reich through a combination of overwork, starvation, and violence. Both camps used inmates as slave labor in the granite quarries, the most notorious being the Wiener Graben quarry at Mauthausen. During World War II, the Mauthausen complex expanded into a “ring” of some 50 sub­camps scattered throughout Austria, making it one of the largest and most profitable labor camp complexes in German­controlled Europe. Questions of 1 A hand­drawn map of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp System is part of the “Cohen Report” doc­ umenting alleged war crimes at Mauthausen and 13 of its sub­camps. The report was compiled on site by Maj. Eugene S. Cohen of the 514th Quartermaster Corps between May 6 and June 15, 1945. The Mauthausen complex expanded into a “ring” of some 50 sub­camps scattered throughout Austria, mak­ ing it one of the largest and most profitable labor camp complexes in German­controlled Europe. (Cohen Report, War Crimes Cases Tried, Box 334, RG 549) administration and command, as well as the subdivision of sub­camps into subordinate camps, work details, and assembly camps, make it difficult to establish a complete, precise list of the elements comprising the Mauthausen system.1 Place names of sub­camps, out­detail camps, and atrocity sites men­ tioned in this volume include Aafa, Aflens, Ausbau, Brettstein,
Recommended publications
  • 16. the Nuremberg Trials: Nazi Criminals Face Justice

    16. the Nuremberg Trials: Nazi Criminals Face Justice

    fdr4freedoms 1 16. The Nuremberg Trials: Nazi Criminals Face Justice On a ship off the coast of Newfoundland in August 1941, four months before the United States entered World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill agreed to commit themselves to “the final destruction of Nazi tyranny.” In mid-1944, as the Allied advance toward Germany progressed, another question arose: What to do with the defeated Nazis? FDR asked his War Department for a plan to bring Germany to justice, making it accountable for starting the terrible war and, in its execution, committing a string of ruthless atrocities. By mid-September 1944, FDR had two plans to consider. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. had unexpectedly presented a proposal to the president two weeks before the War Department finished its own work. The two plans could not have been more different, and a bitter contest of ideas erupted in FDR’s cabinet. To execute or prosecute? Morgenthau proposed executing major Nazi leaders as soon as they were captured, exiling other officers to isolated and barren lands, forcing German prisoners of war to rebuild war-scarred Europe, and, perhaps most controversially, Defendants and their counsel in the trial of major war criminals before the dismantling German industry in the highly developed Ruhr International Military Tribunal, November 22, 1945. The day before, all defendants and Saar regions. One of the world’s most advanced industrial had entered “not guilty” pleas and U.S. top prosecutor Robert H. Jackson had made his opening statement. “Despite the fact that public opinion already condemns economies would be left to subsist on local crops, a state their acts,” said Jackson, “we agree that here [these defendants] must be given that would prevent Germany from acting on any militaristic or a presumption of innocence, and we accept the burden of proving criminal acts and the responsibility of these defendants for their commission.” Harvard Law School expansionist impulses.
  • Holocaust : the Documentary Evidence / Introduction by Henry J

    Holocaust : the Documentary Evidence / Introduction by Henry J

    D 804 .3 H655 1993 ..v** \ ”>k^:>00'° * k5^-;:^C ’ * o4;^>>o° • ’>fe £%' ’5 %^S' w> «* O p N-4 ^ y° ^ ^ if. S' * * ‘/c*V • • •#• O' * ^V^A. f ° V0r*V, »■ ^^hrJ 0 ° "8f °^; ^ " ^Y> »<<■ °H° %>*,-’• o/V’m*' ( ^ »1 * °* •<> ■ 11 • 0Vvi » » !■„ V " o « % Jr % > » *"'• f ;M’t W ;• jfe*-. w 4»Yv4-W-r ' '\rs9 - ^ps^fc 1 v-v « ^ o f SI ° ^SJJV o J o cS^f) 2 IISII - ?%^ * .v W$M : <yj>A. * * A A, o WfyVS? =» _ 0 c^'Tn ft / /, , *> -X- V^W/.ov o e b' j . &? \v 'Mi.»> 'Sswr o, J?<v.v w lv4><k\NJ * ^ ^ . °o \V<<> x<P o* Sffli: "£? iiPli5 XT i^sm” TT - W"» w *<|E5»; •J.oJ%P/ y\ %^p»# j*\ °*Ww; 4?% « ^WmW^O . *S° * l>t-»^\V, ” * CTo4;^o° * * : • o°^4oo° • V'O « •: v .••gpaV. \* :f •: K:#i K •#;o K il|:>C :#• !&: V ; ", *> Q *•a- vS#^.//'n^L;V *y* >wT<^°x- *** *jt 1' , ,»*y co ' >n 9 v3 ^S'J°'%‘,“'" V’t'^X,,“°y°>*e,°'S,',n * • • C\,'“K°,45»,-*<>A^'” **^*. f°C 8 ^\W- A/.fef;^ tM; i\ ^ # # ^ *J0g§S 4'°* ft V4°/ rv j- ^ O >?'V 7!&l'ev ❖ ft r Oo ^4#^irJ> 1fS‘'^s3:i ^ O >P-4* ^ rf-^ *2^70^ -r ^ ^ ._ * \44\§s> u _ ^,§<!, <K 4 L< « ,»9vyv%s« »,°o,'*»„;,* 4*0 “» o°, 1.0, -r X*MvV/'Sl'" *>4v >X'°*°y'(• > /4>-' K ** <T ^ r 4TSS "oz Vv «r >j,'j‘ cpS'a" WMW » » ,©fi^ * c^’tw °,ww * <^v4 *1 3 V/fF'-k^k z “y^3ts.\N ^ <V'’ ^V> , '~^>S/ ji^ * »j, o a> ’Cf' Q ,7—-.
  • GMUNDEN - SALT, SPA & STADREGIOTRAM by Mike Bent

    GMUNDEN - SALT, SPA & STADREGIOTRAM by Mike Bent

    Locomotives International August 2017 Nr. 209 GMUNDEN - SALT, SPA & STADREGIOTRAM by Mike Bent Introduction Tram 8 pauses at the Tennisplatz stop in Gmunden. Author Gmunden lies on the northern shore of the Traunsee, to the east of the Salzkammergut district and Salzburg, in the northern to have been in existence by 1210 in Mühlpach (Hallein), to the foothills of the Austrian Alps. In addition to being near the termini south of Salzburg. of the both world’s oldest industrial pipeline and Europe’s second The Archbishop of Salzburg between 1587 and 1612, Wolf oldest public railway, the town, since 1862 a ‘Kurstadt’ (spa Dietrich von Raitenau, encouraged the use of ‘solution mining’ resort), has a 145 year old operational paddle steamer, and one techniques to augment the supply of brine, water being injected of the steepest, shortest urban tramways in Europe, now being into the salt-bearing rock through adits, resulting in the salt expanded into a modern Stadt RegioTram interurban network. being dissolved, and the brine being channelled into salt pans for evaporation. The end result was the production of massive White Alpine Gold quantities of salt. The consequent revival of the salt mining industry and huge sales of the end product resulted in Salzburg Exploitation of the rock salt deposits in and around Salzburg becoming a powerful trading community, the wealth being and the Salzkammergut dates back possibly as far as the 12th displayed in the abundance of Baroque architecture which has century BC at the Hallstatt mine, claimed to be the oldest in the earned the city the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Germany Key Words

    Germany Key Words

    Germany Key Words Anti–Semitism Hatred of the Jews. Article 48 Part of the Weimar Constitution, giving the President special powers to rule in a crisis. Used By Chancellors to rule when they had no majority in the Reichstag – and therefore an undemocratic precedent for Hitler. Aryan Someone who Belongs to the European type race. To the Nazis this meant especially non– Jewish and they looked for the ideal characteristics of fair hair, Blue eyes... Autobahn Motorway – showpieces of the Nazi joB creation schemes Bartering Buying goods with other goods rather than money. (As happened in the inflation crisis of 1923) Bavaria Large state in the South of Germany. Hitler & Nazis’ original Base. Capital – Munich Beerhall Putsch Failed attempt to seize power By Hitler in NovemBer 1923. Hitler jailed for five years – in fact released Dec 1924 Brown Shirts The name given to the S.A. Centre Party Party representing Roman Catholics – one of the Weimar coalition parties. Dissolves itself July 1933. Chancellor Like the Prime Minister – the man who is the chief figure in the government, Coalition A government made up of a number of parties working together, Because of the election system under Weimar, all its governments were coalitions. They are widely seen as weak governments. Conscription Compulsory military service – introduced by Hitler April1935 in his drive to build up Germany’s military strength (against the terms of the Versailles Treaty) Conservatives In those who want to ‘conserve’ or resist change. In Weimar Germany it means those whose support for the RepuBlic was either weak or non–existent as they wanted a return to Germany’s more ordered past.
  • Running Head: the TRAGEDY of DEPORTATION 1

    Running Head: the TRAGEDY of DEPORTATION 1

    Running head: THE TRAGEDY OF DEPORTATION 1 The Tragedy of Deportation An Analysis of Jewish Survivor Testimony on Holocaust Train Deportations Connor Schonta A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2016 THE TRAGEDY OF DEPORTATION 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David Snead, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Christopher Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Mark Allen, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Brenda Ayres, Ph.D. Honors Director ______________________________ Date THE TRAGEDY OF DEPORTATION 3 Abstract Over the course of World War II, trains carried three million Jews to extermination centers. The deportation journey was an integral aspect of the Nazis’ Final Solution and the cause of insufferable torment to Jewish deportees. While on the trains, Jews endured an onslaught of physical and psychological misery. Though most Jews were immediately killed upon arriving at the death camps, a small number were chosen to work, and an even smaller number survived through liberation. The basis of this study comes from the testimonies of those who survived, specifically in regard to their recorded experiences and memories of the deportation journey. This study first provides a brief account of how the Nazi regime moved from methods of emigration and ghettoization to systematic deportation and genocide. Then, the deportation journey will be studied in detail, focusing on three major themes of survivor testimony: the physical conditions, the psychological turmoil, and the chaos of arrival.
  • M1928 1945–1950

    M1928 1945–1950

    M1928 RECORDS OF THE GERMAN EXTERNAL ASSETS BRANCH OF THE U.S. ALLIED COMMISSION FOR AUSTRIA (USACA) SECTION, 1945–1950 Matthew Olsen prepared the Introduction and arranged these records for microfilming. National Archives and Records Administration Washington, DC 2003 INTRODUCTION On the 132 rolls of this microfilm publication, M1928, are reproduced reports on businesses with German affiliations and information on the organization and operations of the German External Assets Branch of the United States Element, Allied Commission for Austria (USACA) Section, 1945–1950. These records are part of the Records of United States Occupation Headquarters, World War II, Record Group (RG) 260. Background The U.S. Allied Commission for Austria (USACA) Section was responsible for civil affairs and military government administration in the American section (U.S. Zone) of occupied Austria, including the U.S. sector of Vienna. USACA Section constituted the U.S. Element of the Allied Commission for Austria. The four-power occupation administration was established by a U.S., British, French, and Soviet agreement signed July 4, 1945. It was organized concurrently with the establishment of Headquarters, United States Forces Austria (HQ USFA) on July 5, 1945, as a component of the U.S. Forces, European Theater (USFET). The single position of USFA Commanding General and U.S. High Commissioner for Austria was held by Gen. Mark Clark from July 5, 1945, to May 16, 1947, and by Lt. Gen. Geoffrey Keyes from May 17, 1947, to September 19, 1950. USACA Section was abolished following transfer of the U.S. occupation government from military to civilian authority.
  • Operation Reinhard: Death Camps What’S Included

    Operation Reinhard: Death Camps What’S Included

    World War Two Tours Operation Reinhard: Death Camps What’s included: Hotel Bed & Breakfast All transport from the official overseas start point Accompanied for the trip duration All Museum entrances All Expert Talks & Guidance Low Group Numbers “Amazing time, one of those ‘once in a life time trips’. WelI organised, very interesting and thoroughly enjoyable. I would recommend the trip to any enthusiast.” Operation Reinhard (German: Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard) was the code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews in the General Government, and marked the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the use of extermination camps. During the operation, as many as two Military History Tours is all about the ‘experience’. Naturally we take million people were murdered in Bełżec, Sobibor and Treblinka, almost all of whom were Jews. care of all local accommodation, transport and entrances but what By 1942, the Nazis had decided to undertake the Final Solution. sets us aside is our on the ground knowledge and contacts, established This led to the establishment of camps such as Bełżec, over many, many years that enable you to really get under the surface of Sobibor and Treblinka which had the express purpose of killing your chosen subject matter. thousands of people quickly and efficiently. These sites differed By guiding guests around these from those such as Auschwitz-Birkenau and Majdanek because historic locations we feel we are contributing greatly towards ‘keeping they also operated as forced-labour camps, these were purely the spirit alive’ of some of the most killing factories. The organizational apparatus behind the memorable events in human history.
  • Mauthausen-Gusen Concentration Camp System Varies Considerably from Source to Source

    Mauthausen-Gusen Concentration Camp System Varies Considerably from Source to Source

    Mauthausen-Gusen concentrationCoordinates: 48°15camp′32″N 14°30′04″E From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mauthausen Concentration Camp (known from the summer of 1940 as Mauthausen- Gusen Concentration Camp) grew to become a large group of Nazi concentration camps that was built around the villages of Mauthausen and Gusen in Upper Austria, roughly 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the city of Linz. Initially a single camp at Mauthausen, it expanded over time to become one of the The Mauthausen parade ground – a view largest labour camp complexes in German- towards the main gate controlled Europe.[1][2] Apart from the four main sub-camps at Mauthausen and nearby Gusen, more than 50 sub-camps, located throughout Austria and southern Germany, used the inmates as slave labour. Several subordinate camps of the KZ Mauthausen complex included quarries, munitions factories, mines, arms factories and Me 262 fighter-plane assembly plants.[3] In January 1945, the camps, directed from the central office in Mauthausen, contained roughly 85,000 inmates.[4] The death toll remains unknown, although most sources place it between 122,766 and 320,000 for the entire complex. The camps formed one of the first massive concentration camp complexes in Nazi Germany, and were the last ones to be liberated by the Western Allies or the Soviet Union. The two main camps, Mauthausen and Gusen I, were also the only two camps in the whole of Europe to be labelled as "Grade III" camps, which meant that they were intended to be the toughest camps for the "Incorrigible Political
  • Indictment Presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945)

    Indictment Presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945)

    Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945) Caption: On 18 October 1945, the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg accuses 24 German political, military and economic leaders of conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Source: Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal sitting at Berlin on 18th October 1945. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, November 1945. 50 p. (Cmd. 6696). p. 2-50. Copyright: Crown copyright is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office and the Queen's Printer for Scotland URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/indictment_presented_to_the_international_military_tribunal_nuremberg_18_october_1945-en- 6b56300d-27a5-4550-8b07-f71e303ba2b1.html Last updated: 03/07/2015 1 / 46 03/07/2015 Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945) INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS — AGAINST — HERMANN WILHELM GÖRING, RUDOLF HESS, JOACHIM VON RIBBENTROP, ROBERT LEY, WILHELM KEITEL, ERNST KALTEN BRUNNER, ALFRED ROSENBERG, HANS FRANK, WILHELM FRICK, JULIUS STREICHER, WALTER FUNK, HJALMAR SCHACHT, GUSTAV KRUPP VON BOHLEN UND HALBACH, KARL DÖNITZ, ERICH RAEDER, BALDUR VON SCHIRACH, FRITZ SAUCKEL, ALFRED JODL, MARTIN BORMANN, FRANZ VON PAPEN, ARTUR SEYSS INQUART, ALBERT SPEER, CONSTANTIN VON NEURATH, AND HANS FRITZSCHE,
  • 7. Early October 1945

    7. Early October 1945

    Chapter 7 Early October 1945 fter my assignment to Dachau, Gen. Frank Keating, CO of A the 102nd Division, advises Gen. Lucian Truscott, CO of the Third Army—through a hand-carried message—that I will be delayed in arrival due to my trying a murder case. The order states that I will report to Dachau on October 1, 1945. I see the judge advocate general (JAG) of the Third Army head- quarters in Munich and am told I will replace a lieutenant colonel who has left for home. The JAG is Col. Edward Cheever, about 50, my size, a quiet speaker who gets quickly to the point. I am only a captain in the JAGD, and I ask how I can replace a higher-ranking officer. He says this will be no problem because the ten officer-lawyers on the staff at Dachau are lieutenants. He notes the ob- vious: rank and qualifications do not always coincide in a war-time army. 91 Witness to Barbarism He looks at my personnel file, then says my experience with courts-martial law in Europe—war-crimes investigation for the Ninth Army, my assisgnment as trial judge advocate for the XVI Corps head- quarters and the resulting Bronze Star Medal, as well as my six years as a felony prosecutor before enlistment—qualifies me for this post. He says he will communicate my background to the staff at Dachau and that my title will be chief prosecutor, as used by my predecessor. He personally takes me to Dachau, introduces me to the staff, and sees to my living quarters, a mansion formerly occupied by the German camp kommandant.
  • &lt;K&gt;EXTRACTS from the REPORT on the TRIPARTITE

    <K>EXTRACTS from the REPORT on the TRIPARTITE

    Volume 8. Occupation and the Emergence of Two States, 1945-1961 Excerpts from the Report on the Potsdam Conference (Potsdam Agreement) (August 2, 1945) The Potsdam Conference between the leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States, and Great Britain was held at Cecilienhof Palace, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 17 to August 2, 1945. The Soviet Union was represented by Josef Stalin; the U.S. was represented by President Harry S. Truman, who had only been in office for a few months, having succeeded Franklin Delano Roosevelt on April 12, 1945. Winston Churchill represented Great Britain at the start of the conference, but after the Labor Party won the elections of July 27, 1945, he was replaced by the new prime minister, Clement R. Attlee, who signed the agreement on behalf of Great Britain on August 2, 1945. The agreement reached by Stalin, Truman, and Attlee formed the basis of Allied occupation policy in the years to come. The provisions with the most far-reaching consequences included those concerning borders. It was agreed, for example, that the Oder- Neisse line would be established as Poland’s provisional western boundary, meaning that Poland would undergo a “western shift” at the expense of German territories in Pomerania, Silesia, and Eastern Prussia. It was also agreed that the territory around East Prussian Königsberg would be ceded to the Soviet Union. In addition, the conference settled upon the “transfer” of Germans from the new Polish territories and from Czechoslovakia and Hungary. These measures constituted an essential basis for the division of Germany and Europe.
  • Training Support Activity Europe a Year in Photos 2018 U.S

    Training Support Activity Europe a Year in Photos 2018 U.S

    TRAINING SUPPORT ACTIVITY EUROPE A YEAR IN PHOTOS 2018 U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR) Seventh Army Training Training Support Activity Command (7thATC) Europe (TSAE) U.S. Army Europe is the operation- » Maintains the critical logistical, » Readiness is our #1 priority; » 7th Army Training Command, al-level Army force assigned to U.S. communications, intelligence, we deliver ready, trained, and Training Support Activity Europe European Command. medical and transportation equipped forces for operational (TSAE) provides home-station, infrastructure needed to support demands. expeditionary, rotational, and » Shapes the U.S. European operations and contingencies. contingency training support » Resource training readiness for Command area of operations across the EUCOM and AFRICOM » Serves as a logistical hub to all of USAREUR’s assigned and in order to support operations, Areas of Responsibility in order move equipment, supplies and allocated forces throughout the develop relationships, assure to build readiness and increase personnel, including vehicles and EUCOM area of operations. access, build partner capacity and interoperability of all U.S. equipment forward-positioned in deter adversaries while provid- » Lead the Army in developing assigned, attached, regionally Europe. ing mission command capability Allied and partnered nation aligned forces, our Multi-Na- that can set the theater and » Conducts more than 1,000 theater interoperability; provide the tional Partners, and Allies. execute Unified Land Operations security cooperation events each Army with an active learning, On behalf of USAREUR, TSAE in support of Combatant year, including more than 50 near peer environment to press manages the Training Support Commander requirements. scheduled multinational exercises modernization initiatives. System management process and dozens of unscheduled and the theater Visual Informa- » Provides a visible symbol of U.S.