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Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography. -
Issue 21 March 2019 : Ray Dolby Centre
MARCH 2019 ISSUE 21 EDITORIAL The construction of the New Cavendish Laboratory is underway in no uncertain terms, as recorded on these pages. These are very exciting and challenging times. As we keep emphasising, the future Ground-breaking for will be different from the past, but the opportunities for new areas of research and new collaborations are the New Cavendish to be greatly welcomed. At the same time, the show goes on with excellent Laboratory new science, generous benefactions and inspiring outreach. The formal start of the construction phase of the New Cavendish Laboratory took place on 10 January 2019 with a ground- It is with great sadness that we report breaking ceremony, hosted by the main contractor Bouygues. the loss of James Stirling, formerly The photograph shows the ground-breaking team led by Vice- Jacksonian Professor of Natural Chancellor Stephen Toope. Philosophy and Head of Department, whose early death robs us of an individual of outstanding academic and personal qualities. INSIDE Ground-breaking for the New Cavendish Laboratory 2 Opening of the Henry Royce Institute facilities in West Cambridge 4 P.C. Ho and the evolution of the Wilson cloud chamber 6 Dislocation plasticity and the Cavendish FIG 1 Laboratory 10 Making Quantum Mechanics work – The formal ground-breaking was followed by speeches in the nearby Interferometry with atoms 12 Maxwell Centre. Andy Parker, Head of Department of Physics, said 2018 Winton Symposium Machines: from cosmic to the nanoscale 14 ‘This is a great step in the development of physics research and learning at the University of Cambridge. We look forward to moving James Stirling 1953–2018 16 in to our new facilities and opening our doors to the wider research Aston’s Positive Ray Spectrograph community and the public to increase understanding and foster Chemistry Breakthrough Award 17 discovery’. -
Lew Kowarski
Lew Kowarski 1907-1979 Avant-propos ~~~'\ John B. Adams Les textes publies dans le present document sont ceux directeur de son Departement des sciences naturelles. des allocutions prononcees !ors d'une reunion a la me Denis de Rougemont, comme Lew Kowarski, a done pris moire de Lew Kowarski, qui s'est tenue au CERN a une grande part a la creation du CERN et s'est trouve en Geneve le 20 decembre 1979. contact avec Kowarski, tant a ce moment-la que pendant Ces allocutions couvrent les differentes phases de la vie Jes annees ou ce dernier a travaille au CERN. Leurs rela et de !'oeuvre de Lew Kowarski, et chaque orateur s'est tions se resserrerent encore apres que Kowarski eut pris sa trouve en association etroite avec lui a differentes epoques retraite. de sa carriere. Jean Mussard a egalement concouru a la creation du Jules Gueron a rencontre Kowarski avant la seconde CERN car, a l'epoque ou !'UNESCO entreprenait d'ela guerre mondiale alors qu'il travaillait au laboratoire de borer le projet d'un Laboratoire europeen de physique Joliot a Paris. Ensemble, ils entrerent a «Tube Alloys», nucleaire, ii etait directeur adjoint de la Division pour la nom de code pour le projet d'energie nucleaire en Angle cooperation scientifique internationale a l'UNESCO et terre, et se rendirent au Canada quand ce projet y fut Pierre Auger le chargea de cette elaboration. C'est ainsi transfere en 1943. Apres la guerre, tous deux devinrent qu'il entra en contact avec Lew Kowarski et ii resta en directeurs au CEA, en France, puis leurs itineraires se rapport etroit avec lui jusqu'au deces de celui-ci. -
David Olive: His Life and Work
David Olive his life and work Edward Corrigan Department of Mathematics, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK Peter Goddard Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA St John's College, Cambridge, CB2 1TP, UK Abstract David Olive, who died in Barton, Cambridgeshire, on 7 November 2012, aged 75, was a theoretical physicist who made seminal contributions to the development of string theory and to our understanding of the structure of quantum field theory. In early work on S-matrix theory, he helped to provide the conceptual framework within which string theory was initially formulated. His work, with Gliozzi and Scherk, on supersymmetry in string theory made possible the whole idea of superstrings, now understood as the natural framework for string theory. Olive's pioneering insights about the duality between electric and magnetic objects in gauge theories were way ahead of their time; it took two decades before his bold and courageous duality conjectures began to be understood. Although somewhat quiet and reserved, he took delight in the company of others, generously sharing his emerging understanding of new ideas with students and colleagues. He was widely influential, not only through the depth and vision of his original work, but also because the clarity, simplicity and elegance of his expositions of new and difficult ideas and theories provided routes into emerging areas of research, both for students and for the theoretical physics community more generally. arXiv:2009.05849v1 [physics.hist-ph] 12 Sep 2020 [A version of section I Biography is to be published in the Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.] I Biography Childhood David Olive was born on 16 April, 1937, somewhat prematurely, in a nursing home in Staines, near the family home in Scotts Avenue, Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey. -
D Rest Frame
Durham E-Theses Semileptonic decays of heavy mesons and the standard model Wade, Michael Fairbairn How to cite: Wade, Michael Fairbairn (1990) Semileptonic decays of heavy mesons and the standard model, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6045/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Semileptonic Decays of Heavy Mesons and the Standard Model A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Michael Fairbairn Wade University of Durham Department of Physics October 1990 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. 1 7 OCT 1991 Abstract The formalism for a helicity amplitude analysis of the exclusive semileptonic decays of B mesons (B —» Dtv and B —• D*W for I = e, /i and T) is introduced. -
Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part One ISBN 0 902 198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART I A-J C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography. -
Physics 1978 PETER LEONIDOVITCH KAPITZA ARNO a PENZIAS And
Physics 1978 PETER LEONIDOVITCH KAPITZA for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics ARNO A PENZIAS and ROBERT W WILSON for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation 417 THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS Speech by Professor LAMEK HULTHÉN of the Royal Academy of Sci- ences. Translation from the Swedish text Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, This year’s prize is shared between Peter Leonidovitj Kapitza, Moscow, “for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics” and Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson, Holmdel, New Jersey, USA, “for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radi- ation”. By low temperatures we mean temperatures just above the absolute zero, -273”C, where all heat motion ceases and no gases can exist. It is handy to count degrees from this zero point: “degrees Kelvin” (after the British physicist Lord Kelvin) E.g. 3 K (K = Kelvin) means the same as -270°C. Seventy years ago the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh-Onnes succeeded in liquefying helium, starting a development that revealed many new and unexpected phenomena. In 19 11 he discovered superconductivity in mer- cury: the electric resistance disappeared completely at about 4 K. 1913 Kamerlingh-Onnes received the Nobel prize in physics for his discoveries, and his laboratory in Leiden ranked for many years as the Mekka of low temperature physics, to which also many Swedish scholars went on pilgrim- age. In the late twenties the Leiden workers got a worthy competitor in the young Russian Kapitza, then working with Rutherford in Cambridge, England. -
Report from the Chair by Robert H
HistoryN E W S L E T T E R of Physics A F O R U M O F T H E A M E R I C A N P H Y S I C A L S O C I E T Y • V O L U M E I X N O . 5 • F A L L 2 0 0 5 Report From The Chair by Robert H. Romer, Amherst College, Forum Chair 2005, the World Year of Physics, has been a good one for the The Forum sponsored several sessions of invited lectures at History Forum. I want to take advantage of this opportunity to the March meeting (in Los Angeles) and the April meeting (in describe some of FHP’s activities during recent months and to Tampa), which are more fully described elsewhere in this Newslet- look forward to the coming year. ter. At Los Angeles we had two invited sessions under the general The single most important forum event of 2005 was the pre- rubric of “Einstein and Friends.” At Tampa, we had a third such sentation of the fi rst Pais Prize in the History of Physics to Martin Einstein session, as well as a good session on “Quantum Optics Klein of Yale University. It was only shortly before the award Through the Lens of History” and then a fi nal series of talks on ceremony, at the Tampa meeting in April, that funding reached “The Rise of Megascience.” A new feature of our invited sessions the level at which this honor could be promoted from “Award” to this year is the “named lecture.” The purpose of naming a lecture “Prize.” We are all indebted to the many generous donors and to is to pay tribute to a distinguished physicist while simultaneously the members of the Pais Award Committee and the Pais Selection encouraging donations to support the travel expenses of speak- Committee for their hard work over the last several years that ers. -
Double Helicity Asymmetry for Charged Pion + Jet Production in P+P Collisions at Fa=200-Gev at STAR James Prewitt Hays-Wehle
Double Helicity Asymmetry for Charged Pion + Jet Production in p+p collisions at fa=200-GeV MASSACHU T TIU at STAR APR 6 by James Prewitt Hays-Wehle B.S., Physics, Carnegie Mellon University (2006) Submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2013 @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2013. All rights reserved. 7 Author.............................of .Physic f epartment of .P.hysi .c s December 12, 2012 . C ertified by ........................... .. Richard G. Milner Professor of Physics; Director, aboratory for Nuclear Science Ttesis Su pervisor Accepted by ................. John W. Belcher Associate Department Head for Education i q Double Helicity Asymmetry for Charged Pion + Jet Production in p+p collisions at vs=200 GeV at STAR by James Prewitt Hays-Wehle Submitted to the Department of Physics on January 25, 2013, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Inclusive measurements from polarized proton-proton collisions at RHIC have con- strained Ag, the polarized gluon distribution function of the proton. Correlation observables, such as this pion+jet measurement, allow for reconstruction of initial parton kinematics and are thus sensitive to the x dependence of Ag. By measuring charged pions opposite a jet, this particular measurement can be sensitive to the fla- vor of the struck parton. This measurement, which is dominated by the quark-gluon subprocess, can be divided into terms proportional to AuAg and AdAg. The rela- tively larger quark polarization amplifies the measured asymmetry thereby enhancing the statistical power. -
With Freeman Dyson Interviewer: Masataka Fukugita
Interview with Freeman Dyson Interviewer: Masataka Fukugita Freeman Dyson visited the Kavli IPMU at Kashiwa from 15th to 19th of April, 2014, and at Kamioka from 20th to 22nd. Masataka Fukugita organized a special Q&A session with Freeman Dyson on 17th of April for 4 hours. This document excerpts this session, supplemented by an additional interview on 18th and another Q&A session held at Kamioka on 22nd. Fukugita: You were an advisor to the King. educated at the William of Wykeham was Winchester College. Would a capable administrator. you tell us about this He founded 6 foundations, legendary college? including New College Dyson: Winchester in Oxford. Students College was founded 650 are allowed to enter years ago by William of Winchester College at Wykeham, a Bishop of age 12 after a tough, very the Catholic Church and competitive competition. Freeman Dyson was educated as a professor emeritus) for 60 years. from 12 to 17 years of age at He has just passed 90 years of age, Winchester College, a famous but still actively engaged in science. elite high school of England. He During his long research life he then went to the mathematics has worked on an amazing variety department of Cambridge University, of subjects, often two or more where he was supervised by Abram subjects at the same time. Starting Samoilovitch Besicovitch. Afterwards with number theory, the subjects he he worked for the Royal Air Force, worked on include: while WWII was raging. A year Quantum electrodynamics – after the war ended he returned to foundations of quantum eld theory; Cambridge, and gradually switched Statistical mechanics and solid- to theoretical physics. -
Freeman J. Dyson – Bibliography (As of May 2013)
Freeman J. Dyson – Bibliography (as of May 2013) “Disturbing the Universe,” book commissioned by the Science Book Program of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and published by Harper and Row, New York and London, 1979. Parts of the book published in The New Yorker, August 6, 13, 20, and in the Observer, October 28, 1979. "Weapons and Hope," book published by Harper & Row, New York and London, 1984. Parts of the book published in The New Yorker, February 1984. "Origins of Life," New revised edition published by Cambridge University Press, September 1999. (Original edition published 1986) "Infinite in All Directions," (New York, Cornelia and Michael Bessie Books, 1988), Gifford Lectures given at the University of Aberdeen in 1985. Paperback edition in Pelican Books (1989), Penguin Books (1990). "From Eros to Gaia," published by Pantheon Books, 1992. "Imagined Worlds" an expanded version of the 1985 Harvard-Jerusalem lectures, published by Harvard University Press, April 1997. "The Sun, the Genome and the Internet," published by Oxford University Press, April 1999. "The Scientist as Rebel," a collection of book reviews published by the New York Review of Books, 2006. "A Many-colored Glass: Reflections on the Place of Life in the Universe," a collection of lectures published by University of Virginia Press, July 2007. Technical Books by Dyson: "Symmetry Groups in Nuclear and Particle Physics," a collection of reprints by various authors, with three introductory lectures given by Dyson at New York University in 1964, published by W.A. Benjamin, 1966. "Selected Papers of Freeman Dyson with Commentary," a collection of technical papers selected by Dyson, with commentary telling how they came to be written, published by the American Mathematical Society, 1996. -
John Ward: Memoir of a Theoretical Physicist
Submitted to Biographical Memoirs of the Royal Society John Ward: Memoir of a Theoretical Physicist Norman Dombey De partment of Physics and Astronomy University of Sussex Brighton UK BN1 9QH August 4 2020 To the Memory of Kate Pyne and Freeman Dyson who encouraged me to write this memoir of John Ward but were not able to see it. Abstract A scientific biography of John Ward, who was responsible for the Ward Identity in quantum electrodynamics; the first detailed calculation of the quantum entanglement of two photons in electron-positron annihilation with Maurice Pryce; the prediction of neutral weak currents in electroweak theory with Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam, and many other major calculations in theoretical physics. 1 2 SECTION HEADINGS Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Early Years 4 3. Oxford and Quantum Entanglement 5 4. Quantum Electrodynamics and the Ward Identity 9 5. Salam and Gauge Theories 14 6. An Itinerant Physicist and Statistical Physics 19 7. Macquarie 20 8. Fermi, Ulam and Teller 22 9. Epilogue 37 10. Acknowledgements 41 3 1) Introduction John Clive Ward was a theoretical physicist who made important contributions to two of the principal subjects in twentieth century elementary particle physics, namely QED (quantum electrodynamics) and electroweak theory. He was an early proponent of the importance of gauge theories in quantum field theory and their use in showing the renormalisation of those theories: that is to remove apparent infinities in calculations. He showed that gauge invariance implies the equality of two seemingly different renormalised quantities in QED, a relationship now called the Ward Identity.