DOCSLIB.ORG

With Freeman Dyson Interviewer: Masataka Fukugita

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
With Freeman Dyson Interviewer: Masataka Fukugita Interview with Freeman Dyson Interviewer: Masataka Fukugita Freeman Dyson visited the Kavli IPMU at Kashiwa from 15th to 19th of April, 2014, and at Kamioka from 20th to 22nd. Masataka Fukugita organized a special Q&A session with Freeman Dyson on 17th of April for 4 hours. This document excerpts this session, supplemented by an additional interview on 18th and another Q&A session held at Kamioka on 22nd. Fukugita: You were an advisor to the King. educated at the William of Wykeham was Winchester College. Would a capable administrator. you tell us about this He founded 6 foundations, legendary college? including New College Dyson: Winchester in Oxford. Students College was founded 650 are allowed to enter years ago by William of Winchester College at Wykeham, a Bishop of age 12 after a tough, very the Catholic Church and competitive competition. Freeman Dyson was educated as a professor emeritus) for 60 years. from 12 to 17 years of age at He has just passed 90 years of age, Winchester College, a famous but still actively engaged in science. elite high school of England. He During his long research life he then went to the mathematics has worked on an amazing variety department of Cambridge University, of subjects, often two or more where he was supervised by Abram subjects at the same time. Starting Samoilovitch Besicovitch. Afterwards with number theory, the subjects he he worked for the Royal Air Force, worked on include: while WWII was raging. A year Quantum electrodynamics – after the war ended he returned to foundations of quantum eld theory; Cambridge, and gradually switched Statistical mechanics and solid- to theoretical physics. He then went state physics; to Cornell University and worked Random matrices; under Hans Bethe. He visited the Stability of matter; Institute for Advanced Study in 1948, Adaptive optics; where his great work for QED was Nuclear engineering, nuclear completed. Quantum eld theory power as space propulsion; we learn today is the formulation Model for the origin of life; thanks to Dyson. His work serves as Time variation of the physical the best example of a mathematical constants; mind clearing up the mess of physics Carbon dioxide problem, to create a beautiful theory. He and also some others. was appointed as a professor at Now he is working on game Cornell University in 1951, and then theory, prisoner’s dilemma, besides invited as a professor in the School graviton detection, which was of Mathematics of the Institute for presented in his colloquia on the Advanced Study in Princeton in 1953, 16th of April at Kashiwa and on the where he served as a professor (now 21st at Kamioka. 22 Kavli IPMU News No. 26 June 2014 The exam is for ten or cooling. Education is subjects, including Latin carried on in a very free and Greek. There were style. In the top form we two for mathematics, one were in class only for pure math and the other 7 hours a week. So we applied math. The exam found ample time to learn also includes a modern whatever we wanted. language. My father was a Fukugita: Have you teacher at this college, so decided to be a I was already familiar with mathematician from it as a college brat from the time of Winchester the age of 3. The number College? of students is 70, 15 each Dyson: No. I was much year, boys only. This has younger. Mathematics not been changed until was born in me. I loved now. The college is still numbers and very much ourishing the same way enjoyed calculating from as in the old days. I still visit the time I was around it frequently. 3 years old. This is the The graduates are not same as with musicians necessarily academic; some who start playing piano become bankers and some at age 3. It is the same go to government ofces. for mathematics. I knew England is a very class that mathematics was divided society, commercial what I can do best. I was middle class for business already determined to be people and academic a mathematician when I middle class including entered the College at age university and government 12. people, and there is an In the college I found antagonism between “Cours d’Analyse” by them. We, the academic Camille Jordan in the middle class, considered library. It consists of 3 fat ourselves the top students volumes, containing the in the school and looked whole of 19th century down on the others. That mathematics. It is a classic tradition was intact, until work, written around 1900 Margaret Thatcher took and used in École Normale her revenge, putting the in France as a text book. commercial middle class It was a miracle that this rmly in power. book was in the library. We lived in the same building originally built in Masataka Fukugita is professor Interview . at the Kavli IPMU. He served as a the 14th century It has principal investigator at IPMU from thick walls, cool in summer October 2007 to March 2012. He is also a part-time member of School and warm in winter. It is of Natural Science of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton comfortable to live there, since 1988. So, he has got along not much need for heating with Freeman Dyson over 25 years. 23 My fellow classmate James It was a very lucky time to but to do two new subjects this was the cause of the Lighthill, who became a be a student. instead: molecular biology Japanese surrender, and famous mathematician, I was a student of and radio astronomy. so we were told. I recently discovered this book in the Besicovitch, expert on Martin Ryle brought read the book by historian library, and we both read measure theory. He came military radar equipment Hasegawa who claims that and talked about it. from Russia, spoke English and started receiving the real reason for the G.H. Hardy was with a very strong Russian signals from the sky. For surrender of Japan was already an old man in accent. Besicovitch gave radio-astronomy, English not the atomic bombs but Cambridge and the most me problems to work on. I weather doesn’t matter, the invasion of the Soviet famous mathematician liked the Russian language, whether it is cloudy or army from the north. Japan in England. He had been so we spoke in Russian. raining. He immediately could not defend against at Winchester College as We often went for long made great discoveries. Russians from the north a boy 40 years earlier. In walks in Cambridge, and In the molecular biology and Americans from the his autobiography“ Cours while doing so were not group Max Perutz and south. So the Japanese d’Analyse” appears, and allowed to speak English. John Kendrew became generals thought that it I strongly suspect that I was inuenced by the leaders. Both were was better to surrender to it was he who brought Besicovitch style: it is enormously successful and Americans, while keeping this book to Winchester architecture. Besicovitch Cambridge became the Russians out, using the College. I cannot imagine had the ability to build world leader in both the atomic bomb as an excuse anybody else bringing beautiful structures from two subjects introduced by for their dishonorable it. Unfortunately, I never simple components, Bragg. surrender. Now I agree asked him about this. which were used in his After two years at with Hasegawa and wish Fukugita: Then you went mathematical proofs. I Cambridge, I worked that we had not dropped to Cambridge? have used the same style for the Royal Air Force the bomb on Hiroshima. Dyson: In 1941 I came to for my calculations in (1943-1945). It was a The bomb was not as Cambridge. I entered the physics. grim time of the war. I important as we believed. mathematics department. After Rutherford died was a civilian scientist Fukugita: Cambridge Mathematics and in 1937 physics was at a at the headquarters of is the great place for physics were separate low ebb in Cambridge. In RAF Bomber Command, mathematical physics, with departments. Physics was physics, the only professor collecting information Newton, Maxwell and then still called Natural was Dirac. Dirac did not about the strategic Dirac. You were following Philosophy. Mathematics interact with anybody. bombing of Germany. in their footsteps. Why is was considered by the Eddington was also there, After the bombing of Cambridge so successful? physicists to be a French he was an astronomer. Germany stopped in April Dyson: The image is disease. We did not count him as a 1945, we still had a huge presented to school It was in the middle of physicist. bomber force. I would children that each country the war. There were very At the time I was there, have own to Okinawa, is good at one special few students in the class. Lawrence Bragg was in in order to bomb Japan thing: music in Germany, The others were ghting charge of the physics from there, but the war painting in France, and in the war. Lectures were department. He succeeded ended in August; so we England it is science. This given by Hardy, John Rutherford. Bragg said: did not need to bomb provokes gifted young E. Littlewood, Abram “Rutherford was the best any more. It was a great children in England to go Samoilovitch Besicovitch, physicist in the world and relief. We did not need to Cambridge and become but students were only I am not: so we should to kill more people. We scientists. The tendency a few.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Preliminary Acknowledgments
    PRELIMINARY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The central thesis of I Am You—that we are all the same person—is apt to strike many readers as obviously false or even absurd. How could you be me and Hitler and Gandhi and Jesus and Buddha and Greta Garbo and everybody else in the past, present and future? In this book I explain how this is possible. Moreover, I show that this is the best explanation of who we are for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is that it provides the metaphysical foundations for global ethics. Variations on this theme have been voiced periodically throughout the ages, from the Upanishads in the Far East, Averroës in the Middle East, down to Josiah Royce in the North East (and West). More recently, a number of prominent 20th century physicists held this view, among them Erwin Schrödinger, to whom it came late, Fred Hoyle, who arrived at it in middle life, and Freeman Dyson, to whom it came very early as it did to me. In my youth I had two different types of experiences, both of which led to the same inexorable conclusion. Since, in hindsight, I would now classify one of them as “mystical,” I will here speak only of the other—which is so similar to the experience Freeman Dyson describes that I have conveniently decided to let the physicist describe it for “both” of “us”: Enlightenment came to me suddenly and unexpectedly one afternoon in March when I was walking up to the school notice board to see whether my name was on the list for tomorrow’s football game.
    [Show full text]
  • Richard Phillips Feynman Physicist and Teacher Extraordinary
    ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Richard Phillips Feynman Physicist and Teacher Extraordinary The first three decades of the twentieth century have been among the most momentous in the history of physics. The first saw the appearance of special relativity and the birth of quantum theory; the second the creation of general relativity. And in the third, quantum mechanics proper was discovered. These developments shaped the progress of fundamental physics for the rest of the century and beyond. While the two relativity theories were largely the creation of Albert Einstein, the quantum revolution took much more time and involved about a dozen of the most creative minds of a couple of generations. Of all those who contributed to the consolidation and extension of the quantum ideas in later decades – now from the USA as much as from Europe and elsewhere – it is generally agreed that Richard Phillips Feynman was the most gifted, brilliant and intuitive genius out of many extremely gifted physicists. Here are descriptions of him by leading physicists of his own, and older as well as younger generations: “He is a second Dirac, only this time more human.” – Eugene Wigner …Feynman was not an ordinary genius but a magician, that is one “who does things that nobody else could ever do and that seem completely unexpected.” – Hans Bethe “… an honest man, the outstanding intuitionist of our age and a prime example of what may lie in store for anyone who dares to follow the beat of a different drum..” – Julian Schwinger “… the most original mind of his generation.” – Freeman Dyson Richard Feynman was born on 11 May 1918 in Far Rockaway near New York to Jewish parents Lucille Phillips and Melville Feynman.
    [Show full text]
  • Disturbing the Memory
    1 1 February 1984 DISTURBING THE MEMORY E. T. Jaynes, St. John's College, Cambridge CB2 1TP,U.K. This is a collection of some weird thoughts, inspired by reading "Disturbing the Universe" by Freeman Dyson 1979, which I found in a b o okstore in Cambridge. He reminisces ab out the history of theoretical physics in the p erio d 1946{1950, particularly interesting to me b ecause as a graduate student at just that time, I knew almost every p erson he mentions. From the rst part of Dyson's b o ok we can learn ab out some incidents of this imp ortant p erio d in the development of theoretical physics, in which the present writer happ ened to b e a close and interested onlo oker but, regrettably, not a participant. Dyson's account lled in several gaps in myown knowledge, and in so doing disturb ed my memory into realizing that I in turn maybein a p osition to ll in some gaps in Dyson's account. Perhaps it would have b een b etter had I merely added myown reminiscences to Dyson's and left it at that. But like Dyson in the last part of his b o ok, I found it more fun to build a structure of conjectures on the rather lo ose framework of facts at hand. So the following is o ered only as a conjecture ab out how things mighthave b een; i.e. it ts all the facts known to me, and seems highly plausible from some vague impressions that I have retained over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
    Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography.
    [Show full text]
  • Freeman Dyson, Visionary Technologist, Is Dead
    2/28/20, 12:42 Page 1 of 10 https://nyti.ms/2TshCWY Freeman Dyson, Visionary Technologist, Is Dead at 96 After an early breakthrough on light and matter, he became a writer who challenged climate science and pondered space exploration and nuclear warfare. By George Johnson Feb. 28, 2020 Updated 3:30 p.m. ET Freeman J. Dyson, a mathematical prodigy who left his mark on subatomic physics before turning to messier subjects like Earth’s environmental future and the morality of war, died on Friday at a hospital near Princeton, N.J. He was 96. His daughter Mia Dyson confirmed the death. His son, George, said Dr. Dyson had fallen three days earlier in the cafeteria of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, “his academic home for more than 60 years,” as the institute put it in a news release. As a young graduate student at Cornell University in 1949, Dr. Dyson wrote a landmark paper — worthy, some colleagues thought, of a Nobel Prize — that deepened the understanding of how light interacts with matter to produce the palpable world. The theory the paper advanced, called quantum electrodynamics, or QED, ranks among the great achievements of modern science. But it was as a writer and technological visionary that he gained public renown. He imagined exploring the solar system with spaceships propelled by nuclear explosions and establishing distant colonies nourished by genetically engineered plants. “Life begins at 55, the age at which I published my first book,” he wrote in “From Eros to Gaia,” one of the collections of his writings that appeared while he was a professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study — an august position for 2/28/20, 12:42 Page 2 of 10 someone who finished school without a Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Lew Kowarski
    Lew Kowarski 1907-1979 Avant-propos ~~~'\ John B. Adams Les textes publies dans le present document sont ceux directeur de son Departement des sciences naturelles. des allocutions prononcees !ors d'une reunion a la me­ Denis de Rougemont, comme Lew Kowarski, a done pris moire de Lew Kowarski, qui s'est tenue au CERN a une grande part a la creation du CERN et s'est trouve en Geneve le 20 decembre 1979. contact avec Kowarski, tant a ce moment-la que pendant Ces allocutions couvrent les differentes phases de la vie Jes annees ou ce dernier a travaille au CERN. Leurs rela­ et de !'oeuvre de Lew Kowarski, et chaque orateur s'est tions se resserrerent encore apres que Kowarski eut pris sa trouve en association etroite avec lui a differentes epoques retraite. de sa carriere. Jean Mussard a egalement concouru a la creation du Jules Gueron a rencontre Kowarski avant la seconde CERN car, a l'epoque ou !'UNESCO entreprenait d'ela­ guerre mondiale alors qu'il travaillait au laboratoire de borer le projet d'un Laboratoire europeen de physique Joliot a Paris. Ensemble, ils entrerent a «Tube Alloys», nucleaire, ii etait directeur adjoint de la Division pour la nom de code pour le projet d'energie nucleaire en Angle­ cooperation scientifique internationale a l'UNESCO et terre, et se rendirent au Canada quand ce projet y fut Pierre Auger le chargea de cette elaboration. C'est ainsi transfere en 1943. Apres la guerre, tous deux devinrent qu'il entra en contact avec Lew Kowarski et ii resta en directeurs au CEA, en France, puis leurs itineraires se rapport etroit avec lui jusqu'au deces de celui-ci.
    [Show full text]
  • Iasinstitute for Advanced Study
    IAInsti tSute for Advanced Study Faculty and Members 2012–2013 Contents Mission and History . 2 School of Historical Studies . 4 School of Mathematics . 21 School of Natural Sciences . 45 School of Social Science . 62 Program in Interdisciplinary Studies . 72 Director’s Visitors . 74 Artist-in-Residence Program . 75 Trustees and Officers of the Board and of the Corporation . 76 Administration . 78 Past Directors and Faculty . 80 Inde x . 81 Information contained herein is current as of September 24, 2012. Mission and History The Institute for Advanced Study is one of the world’s leading centers for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry. The Institute exists to encourage and support fundamental research in the sciences and human - ities—the original, often speculative thinking that produces advances in knowledge that change the way we understand the world. It provides for the mentoring of scholars by Faculty, and it offers all who work there the freedom to undertake research that will make significant contributions in any of the broad range of fields in the sciences and humanities studied at the Institute. Y R Founded in 1930 by Louis Bamberger and his sister Caroline Bamberger O Fuld, the Institute was established through the vision of founding T S Director Abraham Flexner. Past Faculty have included Albert Einstein, I H who arrived in 1933 and remained at the Institute until his death in 1955, and other distinguished scientists and scholars such as Kurt Gödel, George F. D N Kennan, Erwin Panofsky, Homer A. Thompson, John von Neumann, and A Hermann Weyl. N O Abraham Flexner was succeeded as Director in 1939 by Frank Aydelotte, I S followed by J.
    [Show full text]
  • David Olive: His Life and Work
    David Olive his life and work Edward Corrigan Department of Mathematics, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK Peter Goddard Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA St John's College, Cambridge, CB2 1TP, UK Abstract David Olive, who died in Barton, Cambridgeshire, on 7 November 2012, aged 75, was a theoretical physicist who made seminal contributions to the development of string theory and to our understanding of the structure of quantum field theory. In early work on S-matrix theory, he helped to provide the conceptual framework within which string theory was initially formulated. His work, with Gliozzi and Scherk, on supersymmetry in string theory made possible the whole idea of superstrings, now understood as the natural framework for string theory. Olive's pioneering insights about the duality between electric and magnetic objects in gauge theories were way ahead of their time; it took two decades before his bold and courageous duality conjectures began to be understood. Although somewhat quiet and reserved, he took delight in the company of others, generously sharing his emerging understanding of new ideas with students and colleagues. He was widely influential, not only through the depth and vision of his original work, but also because the clarity, simplicity and elegance of his expositions of new and difficult ideas and theories provided routes into emerging areas of research, both for students and for the theoretical physics community more generally. arXiv:2009.05849v1 [physics.hist-ph] 12 Sep 2020 [A version of section I Biography is to be published in the Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.] I Biography Childhood David Olive was born on 16 April, 1937, somewhat prematurely, in a nursing home in Staines, near the family home in Scotts Avenue, Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey.
    [Show full text]
  • Works of Love
    reader.ad section 9/21/05 12:38 PM Page 2 AMAZING LIGHT: Visions for Discovery AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 90TH BIRTHDAY YEAR OF CHARLES TOWNES October 6-8, 2005 — University of California, Berkeley Amazing Light Symposium and Gala Celebration c/o Metanexus Institute 3624 Market Street, Suite 301, Philadelphia, PA 19104 215.789.2200, [email protected] www.foundationalquestions.net/townes Saturday, October 8, 2005 We explore. What path to explore is important, as well as what we notice along the path. And there are always unturned stones along even well-trod paths. Discovery awaits those who spot and take the trouble to turn the stones. -- Charles H. Townes Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................. 3 Welcome Letter................................................................................................................. 5 Conference Supporters and Organizers ............................................................................ 7 Sponsors.......................................................................................................................... 13 Program Agenda ............................................................................................................. 29 Amazing Light Young Scholars Competition................................................................. 37 Amazing Light Laser Challenge Website Competition.................................................. 41 Foundational
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Information on the Nobel Prize in Physics, 5 October 2004
    Advanced information on the Nobel Prize in Physics, 5 October 2004 Information Department, P.O. Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Phone: +46 8 673 95 00, Fax: +46 8 15 56 70, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.kva.se Asymptotic Freedom and Quantum ChromoDynamics: the Key to the Understanding of the Strong Nuclear Forces The Basic Forces in Nature We know of two fundamental forces on the macroscopic scale that we experience in daily life: the gravitational force that binds our solar system together and keeps us on earth, and the electromagnetic force between electrically charged objects. Both are mediated over a distance and the force is proportional to the inverse square of the distance between the objects. Isaac Newton described the gravitational force in his Principia in 1687, and in 1915 Albert Einstein (Nobel Prize, 1921 for the photoelectric effect) presented his General Theory of Relativity for the gravitational force, which generalized Newton’s theory. Einstein’s theory is perhaps the greatest achievement in the history of science and the most celebrated one. The laws for the electromagnetic force were formulated by James Clark Maxwell in 1873, also a great leap forward in human endeavour. With the advent of quantum mechanics in the first decades of the 20th century it was realized that the electromagnetic field, including light, is quantized and can be seen as a stream of particles, photons. In this picture, the electromagnetic force can be thought of as a bombardment of photons, as when one object is thrown to another to transmit a force.
    [Show full text]
  • The Matter-Antimatter Dipole Ray Fleming 101 E State St
    The Matter-Antimatter Dipole Ray Fleming 101 E State St. #152 Ithaca NY 14850 Physicists have known that mechanical forces can be described by a set of equations that are similar to Maxwell’s equations since Oliver Heaviside first proposed it in 1893.[1] His and most subsequent theories attempt to combine gravity with electromag- netism, but run into difficulties because there is no negative mass or negative gravity to form a dipole analogous to the electric charge dipole. Gravity also works in the wrong di- rection. In 1930 Paul Dirac interpreted the solutions to the equation bearing his name as forms of positive and negative energy, even though there is no negative energy in stand- ard physics theory. A few years later these were identified as matter and antimatter. His speculative thoughts on the behavior of this positive and negative “energy” were analo- gous to the characteristics of a dipole.[2] In the years that followed we have learned that all forms of matter exhibit short-range repulsion, which is normally attributed to the Pauli exclusion principle. Additionally, matter and antimatter can be thought to have a strong short-range attraction just prior to annihilation. As such, matter and antimatter are known to participate in force interactions consistent with a dipole, and this paper examines some of our scientific knowledge that supports the existence of the matter-antimatter dipole. 1. Introduction was the birth of the theory of gravitomagnetism, which has since been developed by numerous other While mechanical forces are not normally listed as scientists.[3][4][5][6] It has, however, never achieved one of the four fundamental forces of the standard mainstream acceptance due to two major inherent dif- model, physicists have nonetheless attempted to unify ficulties.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture: April 1, 2020 the Matter of Antimatter: Answering the Cosmic
    Lecture: April 1, 2020 The Matter Of Antimatter: Answering The Cosmic Riddle Of Existence: Brian Green and then Discussion with Brian Greene as a the moderator Quantum Field Theory (QFD) – The Ultimate Theory of Quantum Particles Firstly, trying to picture electron as a wave causes lot of headaches... These waves are clearly not ordinary waves – they are not like ripples on the surface of water... Despite all this, Schodinger¨ wave theory or its relativisic version, Dirac theory, has been very successful. However, at end of 1920, physicist realized that it told only part of the truth... (a) It only describes how particles move. It cannot handle physics when particles are created and destroyed, as happens when a radioactive element decays or when electron and positron annihilate each other, creating photons.... (b) Recall the g- factor : e e ~ Magnetic moment of an electron is µ = g m S = g m 2 . Dirac theory predicted g = 2. This was good to explain all the spilling of energies. Shelter island conference in 1947 Organizer was Robert Oppenheimer. The cost of the conference was about 890 dollars. All well known physicists were invited... 1 . Physicist Rabi’s precise measurement of g-factor showed that g is ONLY APPROXIMATELY equal to 2. He found the g value to be equal to g = 2:00244 He know the precise error bars of his experiment and was certain that g equal to 2 is only an approximation. This led to the notion of Quantum Fields. (1920)s: Particles are described by Wave Equations. This cannot describe creation and annihilation of particles (1930)s : Particles are described by Fields: Quantum Field Theory– It can describe creation-annihilation of particles.
    [Show full text]