DOCSLIB.ORG

In Vitro Propagation of Gastrochilus Matsuran (Makino) Schltr., an Endangered Epiphytic Orchid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Vitro Propagation of Gastrochilus Matsuran (Makino) Schltr., an Endangered Epiphytic Orchid plants Article In Vitro Propagation of Gastrochilus matsuran (Makino) Schltr., an Endangered Epiphytic Orchid Hyeon Jeong Kang 1, Kyung Won Kang 1, Doo Hwan Kim 2 and Iyyakkannu Sivanesan 2,* 1 Babo Orchid Farm, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do 472-831, Korea; [email protected] (H.J.K.); [email protected] (K.W.K.) 2 Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +8224500576 Received: 10 April 2020; Accepted: 17 April 2020; Published: 18 April 2020 Abstract: Gastrochilus matsuran (Makino) Schltr. (Orchidaceae) populations are declining quickly because of overexploitation, climatic changes, and deforestation; therefore, mass-production protocols are required for this orchid. Natural propagation of this species is often hampered by meager seed germination and slow growth. Thus, our aim was to establish an effective protocol for the in vitro propagation of G. matsuran and reduce the risk of its extinction. We investigated the impacts of culture media, coconut water (CW), and plant hormones (gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and thidiazuron (TDZ)) on asymbiotic germination, multiplication and conversion of protocorms, and plantlet development. Maximal seed 1 germination (93.3%) was achieved on 2 MS medium without vitamins plus 5% CW, 1 µM NAA, and 1 1.5 µM GA3. Secondary protocorm formation was best achieved on 2 MS medium without vitamins plus 2 µM TDZ. The conversion of protocorms into seedlings was maximized by supplementation with 2 µM IBA or 1 µM NAA. Acclimatized plantlets that exhibited exuberant growth on sphagnum moss were reintroduced to tree trunks in a natural habitat, with a 67% survival rate. This in vitro propagation procedure would be helpful for the mass production and conservation of this rare epiphytic orchid. Keywords: asymbiotic seed germination; protocorm; auxin; gibberellic acid; thidiazuron; coconut water; Orchidaceae 1. Introduction Gastrochilus matsuran (Makino) Schltr. (Orchidaceae), known as the purple-spotted gastrochilus, is a miniature epiphytic orchid native to Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. In Korea, G. matsuran is found on rocks and tree trunks in the low mountains of Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju-do. It has a high economic value in the ornamental industry. The natural populations of G. matsuran are declining quickly because of overexploitation, climatic changes, and deforestation. Therefore, the epiphytic orchid has been designated as a rare and endangered species, and it is regionally protected by the law [1]. Natural propagation of orchids is frequently hindered by meager seed germination and slow growth [2]. Therefore, tissue culture is a viable alternative technique for large-scale multiplication and conservation of this endangered orchid. Although mass propagation of orchids has been achieved through adventitious shoot regeneration [3], multiple shoot induction [4], and somatic embryogenesis [5], extensive large-scale propagation through protocorm-like bodies, induced from various explants (including seeds), is often preferred by orchid researchers [6–9]. The in vitro asymbiotic seed germination technique has been effectively used for the conservation and feasible production of endangered orchids such as Cypripedium lentiginosum [10], Gastrochilus calceolaris [11], Gastrochilus japonicus [12], Pecteilis radiata [13], and Thrixspermum japonicum [14]. Plants 2020, 9, 524; doi:10.3390/plants9040524 www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Plants 2020, 9, 524 2 of 10 Several group of factors, such as seed age, culture medium composition, environmental conditions, Plants 2020, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 10 and genotype, influence the rate of asymbiotic in vitro seed germination [10]. The composition of the cultureSeveral media group is a of significant factors, such factor as that seed aff ectsage, asymbioticculture medium seed germination. composition, Mineralenvironmental nutrients, carbohydrates,conditions, and vitamins, genotype, amino influence acids, growththe rate hormonesof asymbiotic and organicin vitro acidsseed aregermination necessary [10]. for inThe vitro asymbioticcomposition embryo of the development culture media and is a protocormsignificant formationfactor that affects [2]. Activated asymbiotic charcoal seed germination. (AC), natural additives,Mineral andnutrients, plant growthcarbohydrates, regulators vitamins, (PGRs) amino are included acids, ingrowth the culture hormones media and to enhanceorganic acids orchid are seed germinationnecessary andfor in conversion vitro asymbiotic of seedlings embryo [2, 11development–14]. Successful and proceduresprotocorm formation for in vitro [2].regeneration Activated of taxonomicallycharcoal (AC), related natural species additives, such and as Gastrochilus plant growth calceolaris regulators[11 (PGRs)] and Gastrochilus are included japonicus in the culture[12] have beenmedia reported. to enhance However, orchid to seed the best germination of our knowledge, and conversion no information of seedlings is available[2,11–14].on Successful the in vitro propagationprocedures of forG. in matsuran vitro regeneration. In this study, of taxonomically we aimed to related develop species a procedure such as for Gastrochilus the micropropagation calceolaris [11] and Gastrochilus japonicus [12] have been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, no of G. matsuran and reintroduction to its natural habitat. To establish a reliable and efficient procedure information is available o for mass propagation of G. matsuran and reduce the risk of its extinction, seeds from mature capsules (Figure1a) were used to study the e ffects of growth media, coconut water (CW), and PGRs on the asymbiotic germination, multiplication and conversion of protocorms, and plantlet development of G. matsuran in vitro. Here, we have described an efficient technique for the rapid propagation of G. matsuran. This in vitro propagation procedure would be helpful for mass production as well as conservation of this rare epiphytic orchid. FigureFigure 1. In1. vitroIn vitropropagation propagation of G. of matsuran G. matsuran:(a) Seed: (a) Seed capsule; capsule; (b) Induction (b) Induction of protocorm; of protocorm; (c) Induction (c) ofInduction secondary of protocorms; secondary protocorms; (d) Emergence (d) Emergence of leaf primordia; of leaf primordia; (e) Elongation (e) Elongation of leaf; of (f )leaf; Seedlings (f) development;Seedlings development; (g) Plantlets (g acclimatized) Plantlets acclimatized in the greenhouse; in the greenhouse; (h) Reintroduced (h) Reintroduced acclimatized acclimatized plantlets on plantlets on the tree trunk. Scale bar: (a-e) 0.1 mm; (f and g) 1 cm. the tree trunk. Scale bar: (a-e) 0.1 mm; (f and g) 1 cm. Plants 2020, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 10 2. Results 2.1. Impact of Culture Media on Seed Germination Microbial contamination is one of the serious problems limiting the successful extrapolation of plant tissue culture practices. The successful initiation of in vitro culture mostly depends on surface sterilization of explants because this is the primary source. Numerous surface microflora atttached to plant surfaces, grow faster than the cultured explants and release phytotoxic substances into the culture media, hindering positive outcomes. The surface sterilization procedure produced 98% sterile G. matsuran seeds. Seeds isolated from the mature capsules of G. matsuran were inoculated on various media containing 0.05% AC, 1% banana pulp, 0.2% peptone, 3% sucrose, and 0.8% plant agar for germination. Asymbiotic in vitro seed germination of G. matsuran was affected significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by the culture medium (Figure 2). Seed germination was observed within seven weeks of incubation. AfterPlants 202010 , 9weeks, 524 of culture, pale green protocorms were produced (Figure 1b). Germination3 of 10 percentages of 11.9%, 21.1%, 30.9%, 43.4%, and 25.8% were observed after 12 weeks of incubation on Hyponex, Knudson C, Murashige and Skoog (MS) without vitamins, ½ MS without vitamins, and 2. Results Vacin and Went media, respectively (Figure 2). Among the five nutrient media, best seed germination rate2.1. was Impact achieved of Culture on ½ Media MS ( onwithout Seed Germination vitamins) medium. Therefore, ½ MS (without vitamins) medium was used for the subsequent seed germination experiments. Microbial contamination is one of the serious problems limiting the successful extrapolation of 2.2.plant Impact tissue of cultureCW and practices. PGRs on Seed The Germination successful initiation of in vitro culture mostly depends on surface sterilization of explants because this is the primary source. Numerous surface microflora atttached to plantThe surfaces,asymbiotic grow seed faster germination than the rate cultured of G. matsuran explants andwas releaseaffected phytotoxic significantly substances (p ≤ 0.05) intoby CW the andculture PGRs. media, Supplementation hindering positive of CW outcomes. and PGRs The (indole surface-3- sterilizationacetic acid (IAA procedure), α-naphthaleneacetic produced 98% sterile acid (G.NAA matsuran), and seeds.gibberellic Seeds acid isolated (GA from3) in ½ the MS mature (without capsules vitamins of G.) matsuranmedium werecontaining inoculated 0.05% on AC, various 1% bananamedia containingpulp, 0.2% 0.05% peptone, AC, 1%3% bananasucrose, pulp, and 0.2%0.8% peptone,plant agar 3% increased sucrose, andthe
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 65 Possibly Lost Orchid Treasure of Bangladesh
    J. biodivers. conserv. bioresour. manag. 3(1), 2017 POSSIBLY LOST ORCHID TREASURE OF BANGLADESH AND THEIR ENUMERATION WITH CONSERVATION STATUS Rashid, M. E., M. A. Rahman and M. K. Huda Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh Abstract The study aimed at determining the status of occurrence of the orchid treasure of Bangladesh for providing data for Planning National Conservation Strategy and Development of Conservation Management. 54 orchid species are assessed to be presumably lost from the flora of Bangladesh due to environmental degradation and ecosystem depletion. The assessment of their status of occurrence was made based on long term field investigation, collection and identification of orchid taxa; examination and identification of herbarium specimens preserved at CAL, E, K, DACB, DUSH, BFRIH,BCSIRH, HCU; and survey of relevant upto date floristic literature. These species had been recorded from the present Bangladesh territory for more than 50 to 100 years ago, since then no further report of occurrence or collection from elsewhere in Bangladesh is available and could not be located to their recorded localities through field investigations. Of these, 29 species were epiphytic in nature and 25 terrestrial. More than 41% of these taxa are economically very important for their potential medicinal and ornamental values. Enumeration of these orchid taxa is provided with updated nomenclature, bangla name(s) and short annotation with data on habitats, phenology, potential values, recorded locality, global distribution conservation status and list of specimens available in different herbaria. Key words: Orchid species, lost treasure, Bangladesh, conservation status, assessment. INTRODUCTION The orchid species belonging to the family Orchidaceae are represented mostly in the tropical parts of the world by 880 genera and about 26567 species (Cai et al.
    [Show full text]
  • PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(10): 1865-1887 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.217 PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids R. K. Pamarthi, R. Devadas, Raj Kumar, D. Rai, P. Kiran Babu, A. L. Meitei, L. C. De, S. Chakrabarthy, D. Barman and D. R. Singh* ICAR-NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim, India ICAR-IARI, Kalimpong, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Orchids are one of the highly commercial crops in floriculture sector and are robustly exploited due to the high ornamental and economic value. ICAR-NRC for Orchids Pakyong, Sikkim, India, majorly focused on collection, characterization, K e yw or ds evaluation, conservation and utilization of genetic resources available in the country particularly in north-eastern region and developed a National repository of Orchids, Collection, Conservation, orchids. From 1996 to till date, several exploration programmes carried across the Utilization country and a total of 351 species under 94 genera was collected and conserved at Article Info this institute. Among the collections, 205 species were categorized as threatened species, followed by 90 species having breeding value, 87 species which are used Accepted: in traditional medicine, 77 species having fragrance and 11 species were used in 15 September 2019 traditional dietary. Successful DNA bank of 260 species was constructed for Available Online: 10 October 2019 future utilization in various research works. The collected orchid germplasm which includes native orchids was successfully utilized in breeding programme for development of novel varieties and hybrids.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
    Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytogeographic Review of Vietnam and Adjacent Areas of Eastern Indochina L
    KOMAROVIA (2003) 3: 1–83 Saint Petersburg Phytogeographic review of Vietnam and adjacent areas of Eastern Indochina L. V. Averyanov, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, D. K. Harder Leonid V. Averyanov, Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Phan Ke Loc, Department of Botany, Viet Nam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Nguyen Tien Hiep, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of the National Centre for Natural Sciences and Technology of Viet Nam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Dan K. Harder, Arboretum, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] The main phytogeographic regions within the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula are delimited on the basis of analysis of recent literature on geology, geomorphology and climatology of the region, as well as numerous recent literature information on phytogeography, flora and vegetation. The following six phytogeographic regions (at the rank of floristic province) are distinguished and outlined within eastern Indochina: Sikang-Yunnan Province, South Chinese Province, North Indochinese Province, Central Annamese Province, South Annamese Province and South Indochinese Province. Short descriptions of these floristic units are given along with analysis of their floristic relationships. Special floristic analysis and consideration are given to the Orchidaceae as the largest well-studied representative of the Indochinese flora. 1. Background The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, comprising the largest area in the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, is situated along the southeastern margin of the Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species from Lao PDR
    A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas, Mark Newman Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa & Sounthone Ketphanh June 2006 A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas1 Dr Mark Newman1 Dr Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa2 Mr Sounthone Ketphanh3 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2 National University of Lao PDR 3 Forest Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Lao PDR Supported by Darwin Initiative for the Survival of the Species Project 163-13-007 Cover illustration: Orchids and Cycads for sale near Gnommalat, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, May 2006 (photo courtesy of Darwin Initiative) CONTENTS Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations used in this report Acknowledgements Summary _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) - background ____________________________________________________________________ 1 Lao PDR and CITES ____________________________________________________________ 1 Review of Plant Species Listed Under CITES Appendix I and II ____________ 1 Results of the Review_______________________________________________________ 1 Comments _____________________________________________________________________ 3 1. CITES Listed Plants in Lao PDR ______________________________________________ 5 1.1 An Introduction to CITES and Appendices I, II and III_________________ 5 1.2 Current State of Knowledge of the
    [Show full text]
  • Gastrochilus Deltoglossus (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), a New Species from Taiwan
    Taiwania 63(4): 360-365, 2018 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2018.63.360 Gastrochilus deltoglossus (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), a new species from Taiwan Tian-Chuan HSU1, Szu-I HSIEH2,*, Jin-Hua WU3 , Hsin-Chieh HUNG4 1. Botanicial Garden Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nanhai Rd., Taipei 10066, Taiwan. 2. Department of Forestry, The Affiliated Taichung Agricultural Vocational Senior High School of National Chung Hsing University, No. 283, Taichung Rd., Taichung City, 401, Taiwan. 3. Nantou Forest District Office, Forestry Bureau, No. 456, Shiguan Rd., Caotun Town, Nantou 542, Taiwan. 4. Dr. Cecilia Koo Botanic Conservation and Environmental Protection Foundation, No. 31, Tongsing Rd., Gaoshu Township, Pingtung County 906, Taiwan. *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 9 August 2018; accepted 16 October 2018; online published 30 October 2018) ABSTRACT: A new species, Gastrochilus deltoglossus, is described and illustrated from Taiwan. This species is characterized by the presence of pendulous stems, leaves without awned apex, 3.5–4.0 mm tall subconical hypochile, and broadly deltoid, ciliate, adaxially sparsely short-hairy epichile that are approximately as wide as hypochile. Notes on its distribution, ecology, conservation status and taxonomic affinities are presented. KEY WORDS: Gastrochilus ciliaris, Gastrochilus raraensis, Orchidaceae, Taiwan, Taxonomy. INTRODUCTION Gastrochilus without flowers in a mid-altitudinal mixed forest of central Taiwan. As Gastrochilus species are Gastrochilus D. Don (Orchdaceae: Aeridinae, typically hardly identifiable without flower, these plants Vandeae, Epidendroideae,) is a monopodial orchid were regularly monitored by the third author in field until genus comprising ca. 65 species widely distributed June 2018 when some blooms were observed.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2019 Newsletter Issue 2 August Meeting 2019, Hoghton Village Hall in This Meeting We Were Lucky Enough to See Two Stanhopea Orchids
    North of England Orchid Society December 2019 Newsletter Issue 2 August Meeting 2019, Hoghton Village Hall In this meeting we were lucky enough to see two Stanhopea orchids. This is quite a rarity at shows due to the flowers being very short lived, lasting on average 3 to 4 days. This genus comprises of around 55 species and 5 natural hybrids spreading from Mexico to Trinidad. The Stanhopea flowers travel down through the bottom of the containers in which they grow, lending themselves to culture in baskets that have enough open space for the inflorescence to push through. In the wild they are pollinated by euglossine bees which use the flowers perfume to attract a mate. Nearly all Stanhopea as a result have extremely strong perfumes which can often fill a greenhouse. Table showing all orchids awarded a first price in their categories Class Exhibitors Name Orchid Name Class 4 D Crook Pleurothallis Gracillima Class 5 G Barnes Stanhopea Graveolens Class 9 G Barnes Paphiopedilum Lady Isabel Class 10 M Birks Cattleya Forbesii X Lealia Alaorii Class 11 M White Lockhartia Oerstedii Class 12 N Gillam Odont Bictoniense semi-alba Class 13 K Smith Phalenopsis Chi Yueh Cow Class 14 D Crook Dendrobium Christy Dawn Class 15 M White Stanhopea Tigrina X Shuttleworthii Class 17 G Barnes Miltonia Sunset Class 19 G Barnes Vanda Truant Cuco Class 22 D Crook Pleurothallis Gracillima August Meeting 2019 Hoghton Village Hall Stanhopea Graveolens Stanhopea Tigrina X Shuttleworthii By G Barnes By M Whte Miltonia Sunset, By G Barnes Pleurothallis Gracillima, By
    [Show full text]
  • Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An Annotated Checklist
    Banko Janakari, Vol 29 No. 2, 2019 Pp 28‒41 Karki & Ghimire https://doi.org:10.3126/banko.v29i2.28097 Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An annotated checklist S. Karki1* and S. K. Ghimire1 Suspa-Kshamawoti area of Dolakha district covers diverse vegetation types and harbors many interesting species of orchids. This paper documents 69 species of orchids covering 33 genera based on repeated field surveys and herbarium collections. Of them, 50 species are epiphytic (including lithophytes) and 19 species are terrestrial. Information regarding habit and habitat, phenology, host species and elevational range of distribution of each species are provided in the checklist. Keywords : Bulbophyllum, Nepal, Orchidaceae rchids are one of the most diverse and contributions on documentation of orchid flora are highly evolved groups of flowering made by Bajracharya (2001; 2004); Rajbhandari Oplants, and orchidaceae is the largest and Bhattrai (2001); Bajracharya and Shrestha family comprising 29,199 species and are (2003); Rajbhandari and Dahal (2004); Milleville globally distributed (Govaerts et al., 2017). Out and Shrestha (2004); Subedi et al. (2011); of them, two-third belong to epiphytes (Zotz and Rajbhandari (2015); Raskoti (2015); Raskoti and Winkler, 2013). In Nepal, orchidaceae is one of Ale (2009; 2011; 2012; 2019) and Bhandari et al. the major families amongst the higher flowering (2016 b; 2019). Suspa-Kshamawoti, the northern plants and comprises 502 taxa belonging to 108 part of the Dolakha district covers diverse genera, which forms around 8 percent of our flora vegetation and harbors some interesting species (Raskoti and Ale, 2019). The number of species of orchids. Bhandari et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Scan Data
    Selbyana 26(1,2): 236-239. 2005. ORCHID SANCTUARY RAJA RANI (MORANG DISTRICT), EAST NEPAL: AN EFFORT TOWARD HABITAT CONSERVATION LOKESH R. SHAKYA* AND DEVENDRA M. BAJRACHARYA Amrit Campus Thamel, Tribhuvan University, P.O. Box 4407 Kathmandu, 331740 Nepal. Email: [email protected] ABsTRACT. Raja Rani occupies a small area in eastern Nepal. The area is a w~tl~d, sUIToun~ed by sal (Shorea robusta) forest, situated in Bogatini Village of Letang VDC, Morang DIstnct of Koshi Zone. Of the three ponds, Raja Pokhari, Rani Pokhari, and Rajkumari Pokhari, Rani ~okhari has 1 mi' of dense forest growing up from the water, and its orchid-rich habitat is a center of att:actlOn. The present~rs r~corded 45 species of orchids in what appears to be a natural orchid san~tuary, ':"Ith most o~ the specIes m good numbers. The study is an effort to contribute to habitat conservation. Dunng a field tnp, local people were enlisted to help conserve this orchid-rich habitat, and as a result, they are now conscious of the need to conserve this habitat, which can be considered the first orchid sanctuary of Nepal. Key words: orchid sanctuary, Raja Rani, habitat conservation INTRODUCTION 26,970 km2 or only 18.32% of the country (HMGNIMFSC 2002). Other areas do not pro­ Nepal is rich in orchid flora with ca. 386 or­ vide adequate management for protection of chid species in 102 genera (Bajracharya & habitat and thus are vulnerable. Conservation of Shakya 2002). The nation's first published flo­ orchids outside the protected areas is a difficult ristic work (Don 1825) was based on the plant task in Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Tricks for Making Orchids and People Bloom
    GREATER NORTH TEXAS ORCHID SOCIETY FEB out all of her daughter. In the interval since she plants, lead- has returned to Texas she has been Next Meeting: Essential Tricks for Making ing her to get Training Director and then Center February 7 Orchids and People Bloom her first green- Chair for the Dallas Judging Cen- house, an 8' x ter as well as a past President of Speaker: Judy describes her life as fairly nor- 12', under the GNTOS. Her current greenhouse Dr. Judy Cook mal until she was 37 when she was tutelage of Nancy and Rayo Mc- is 35' x 60' feet (2,100 sq feet), in San Antonio to do a psychiatry Cullough who belonged to the so- containing a few thousand plants. residency and decided to go to the ciety. This was added to a few years Although her collection is mostly Orchid Society Show in a local later with a 12' x 20' addition to Cats, Paphs/Phrags and Bulbos, mall not far from the her house. she has a wide array of many dif- medical school. Those When she was in private prac- ferent genera, some of which she sweet white-haired ladies tice of psychiatry, orchids became had the opportunity to collect She found out told her how easy it was an integral part of her office décor, in the wild in South America or to grow orchids; she was first with living plants and later in- import while judging shows out that ‘resistance is awed by the beauty of cluding her photos as well.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) 7 5 Inferred from Multiple Nuclear and Chloroplast Regions
    YMPEV 5128 No. of Pages 8, Model 5G 28 February 2015 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 1 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev 2 Short Communication 6 4 A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) 7 5 inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions a,b,1 a,1 b a,b,c,⇑ a,⇑ 8 Long-Hai Zou , Jiu-Xiang Huang , Guo-Qiang Zhang , Zhong-Jian Liu , Xue-Ying Zhuang 9 a College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 10 b Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of 11 Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China 12 c The Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China 1314 15 article info abstract 1730 18 Article history: The subtribe Aeridinae, which contains approximately 90 genera, is one of the most diverse and 31 19 Received 12 August 2014 taxonomically puzzling groups in Orchidaceae. In the present study, the phylogenetic relationships of 32 20 Revised 6 January 2015 Aeridinae were reconstructed utilizing five DNA sequences (ITS, atpI-H, matK, psbA-trnH, and trnL-F) from 33 21 Accepted 17 February 2015 211 taxa in 74 genera. The results of the phylogenetic analyses indicate that Aeridinae is monophyletic 34 22 Available online xxxx and that the subtribe can primarily be grouped into 10 clades: (1) Saccolabium clade, (2) Chiloschista 35 clade, (3) Phalaenopsis clade, (4) Thrixspermum clade, (5) Vanda clade, (6) Aerides clade, (7) Trichoglottis 36 23 Keywords: clade, (8) Abdominea clade, (9) Gastrochilus clade, and (10) Cleisostoma clade.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete List of the Native Orchids of Taiwan and Their Type Information
    Taiwania 61(2): 78 ‒ 126, 2016 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2016.61.78 Complete list of the native orchids of Taiwan and their type information Tsan-Piao LIN1, Ho-Yih LIU2, Chang-Fu HSIEH3 and Kuo-Hsiung WANG3* 1. Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan. 2. Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. 3. Institute of Ecology and Evolutional Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan. *Corresponding author. Tel: +886-2-33662474; Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 1 December 2015; accepted 11 May 2016) ABSTRACT: This is a comprehensive name list of native orchids of Taiwan identified since the publication of Flora of Taiwan Vol. 5, second edition (2000). The 330 species, subspecies, varieties and natural hybrids of native orchids reported in that publication increases to 455 in the current list. Type information and selected references, diagnostic notices for each species are reported herein for reference. KEY WORDS: Flora of Taiwan, Orchid, Taxonomy, Typfication. INTRODUCTION This is the first publically available comprehensive name collection since the aforementioned Flora of Given that a voucher specimen serves as a piece of Taiwan publication. In this list, most information about supporting evidence vouching for the validity of scientific voucher type specimens is referenced from the Plants of records, knowing the collection, origin, and status changes Taiwan (PoT) database (http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw) and the of these specimens is crucial. The Herbarium of National TAIF (http://taif.tfri.gov.tw/taif_en/).
    [Show full text]