CANADA- PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CANADA-UKRAINE PROGRAMME PARLEMENTAIRE ÏÀÐËÀÌÅÍÒÀÐÍÀ ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÀ ÊÀÍÀÄÀ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ

Established in 1990, CUPP was Canada's First Program of Assistance to Ukraine AUTUMN 2012

In this issue... A Gorillia has joined the elephant in the room Why we don't like Ukraine Dictatorship will not lead to prosperity in Irkutsk CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

2012 CUPP NEWSLETTER

A "Gorilla" Has Joined the Elephant in the Room!...... 3 CUPP Interns...... 4 Why We Don't Like Ukraine...... 31 Is Ukraine's Youth Plunging Into Deep Career Individualism?...... 34 Implication of the Fact that a Significant Number of Ukraine's Population do not Consider Themselves Ukrainian Either in the National or Civic Sense...... 35 Etude About Post-crisis Ukraine: Seven Main Challenges – Opportunities...... 38 Wither the Bologna Process: The Coming Educational Crisis in Ukraine...... 42 The CUPP Alumni Planned a Series of Conferences to Create a new Model of Governance for Ukraine...... 44 Do Ukrainian Universities Need Autonomy?...... 46 Quo Vadis, Україно? – намагались On October 24, 2011, the first Ukrainian Day on the HILL took place in the House відповісти в Оксфорді...... 52 of Commons. Captioned are CUPP 2011 Interns who performed a concert in the Ukraine Loses Its Way...... 56 Rotunda of Centre Block for MPs, staff and visitors. Balcerowicz: Dictatorship Will Not Lead to Prosperity...... 57 Бальцерович: диктатура не призводить до процвітання...... 60 Orwell's 'Animal Farm" and Ukrainian Refugees...... 64 History of CUPP to work and in the Canadian Par- "Ukraine at the Crossroads"...... 65 th liament, and gain experience from which On July 16 , 1990, the Ukrainian generations of Canadian, American and Ukrainians of Irkutsk – A Part of Parliament adopted the Declaration of Multiethnic Siberian Society...... 68 West European students have benefit- Sovereignty which declared that Parlia- ed. On the basis of academic excel- Russian Youth's Pllitical Conderns...... 70 ment recognized the need to build the Electoral systerms in Ukraine. Our lence, knowledge of the English or based on the Rule of French and Ukrainian languages, and Experience and Our Prospects...... 72 Law. On August 24, 1991, the Ukrainian The Overbearing Governmental Regula- on interest in the parliamentary system tion of the Economy as an Inhibiting Parliament adopted the Declaration of of government, university students from Factor on Democratic Development of Independence, which the citizens of Ukraine can apply for a CUPP scholar- Ukraine...... 73 Ukraine endorsed in the referendum of ship. It is hoped that CUPP will contrib- The Value of a CUPP Internship in December 1, 1991. Also in 1991, Cana- Canada's Parliament...... 74 ute to the education of future leaders of dians celebrated the Centennial of Ukraine. A Century of PLAST...... 76 Ukrainian group immigration to Canada. In 2012, during the 22nd year of CUPP Alumni Updates...... 77 To mark the Centennial, organizations CUPP's operation, 33 students arrived Higher Education: East OR West...... 81 planned programs and projects to cele- from , and Ukraine to EURO 2012: Failure or Success?...... 82 brate this milestone in Canada's history. complete a two-month internship with CUPP Alumni Updates...... 83 The Chair of Ukrainian Studies Members of Parliament, Ministers and Foundation of Toronto decided to mark Where the Land Ends and the Sea Senators (please see Issue 1 of the Begins: the Case of Ukrainian Migration the Centennial by establishing the Can- Newsletter for complete list of CUPP In- to ...... 84 ada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program for terns). In the course of the Program, the university students from Ukraine. The Interns meet with political and social Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program opinion-leaders of Canada. Contact Us gives Ukrainian students an opportunity Chair of Ukrainian Studies Foundation 620 Spadina Avenue Toronto, Ontario, The image of the Canadian Parliament (Centre Block of the House of Com- Canada M5S 2H4 mons) is a 19th century engraving by an unknown artist. Photo Credit of the Tel.: (416) 234-9111 engraving to The Devil's Artisan: A Journal of the Printing Arts. Colour Fax: (416) 234-9114 separation design by Kristina Hicks a student at the Ontario College of Art and Design University of Toronto. Cover Design by Andrei Bezruchonak, www.KATEDRA.org CUPP 2012 Intern from Belarus.

 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

A "Gorilla" Has Joined the Elephant in the Room! "Education and Knowledge will ensure a future for an indpendent Ukraine" by Ihor BARDYN CUPP Director

Thanks for the great response to my Ukrainians ape their neighbours to the request for the lyrics to Horila Sosna. north and thereby distort their own lan- I must share with you a humorous guage. yet dim-witted & sad piece of informa- Is this "Gorilla" mind-set ever go- How do you suggest this issue of tion. ing to end or is Ukrainian youth oblivi- the pervasive influence of russification I wrote to CUPP 2012 Interns for ous to respect for its own language be approached? Or is this insignifi- help with locating the lyrics in both and culture? Oblivious to simple trans- cant, and as some would dismiss as Ukrainian and English to the song Ho- literation from Ukrainian to English? VSE RAVNO! rila Sosna. I was aware that there are varia- tions in the lyrics and although I like Stephan every version, the one from the Khmara Uzhorod-Karpaty region I find particu- speaking at larly charming. rally in Somehow, due to my lack of ex- support of pertise with computers, my request for . the lyrics was sent not only to the CUPP 2012 Interns who are coming to Ottawa in September, but also to CUPP Alumni and their friends. Among the replies, I received the lyrics with the title "Gorilla Sosna". I showed the letter to my office staff, one of who is from , who commented, "I didn't know that Ukraine had jungles and gorillas" I laughed, as did the others. Of course, Ukraine does not have jungles, or gorillas! Bottom: Kyiv rally in support of Ukrainian Well, maybe not jungles, but ap- language. parently it does have "Gorillas." To use a well-worn idiomatic ex- pression, "there is an elephant in the room." And it seems there is a gorilla in the room as well. But these ani- mals should not be allowed to survive in so many rooms in Ukraine. Too many of the minds of Ukraini- Andrijko ans, even the minds of well educated Zavialov from youth who strive for knowledge and Irkutsk at Kyiv rally in education, still carry a mind-set and support of the influence of a foreign language that Ukrainian although should be respected like ev- language. ery other language, should not make

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP Interns

ABDULTAIROVA Ediie BARKOV Yaroslav Born in: Gulistan, Uzbekistan Born in: Zhytomyr, Ukraine Hometown: Symferopol, Ukraine Hometown: Zhytomyr Intern to Claude Gravelle, MP, Nickel Belt, Ontario Intern to Peter Goldring, MP, Edmonton East, Alberta 2012 Senator Raynell Andreychuk Scholarship recipi- 2012 Ramon Hnatyshyn Scholarship recipient ent National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was Economic University of Kyiv, Crimean Institute established in 1615. Law School. at Symferopol was established in 1992. Faculty of Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna International Economics. (Lat). – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська академія «Здійснення вагомого вкладу у Motto of University: вічна. – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains суспільний розвиток через дослідження, генерування нових знань, їх поширення та підготовку конкурентних eternal. Foreign languages: German, English, Russian, Polish фахівців і креативних особистостей». – «Contributing to (basic). society development through research, generating and Head of the Secretariat of the Young Lawyers of Ukraine spreading new knowledge, training competitive specialists and creative personalities». Council at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine (www.krmjua. Foreign languages: Сrimean Tatar (native), English, org), an advisory body of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. Spanish (beginner level), Russian. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: th Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Yeni- depiction from 17 century of Kyiv Mohyla Academy. If you Kale (Crimean Tatar: Yeñi Qale) is a fortress on the shore get the chance to visit Kyiv you must visit the Kyiv-Mohyla of Kerch Strait. Yeni-Kale is situated in the territory of Academy (Mohylianka). The Academy was founded in Ukraine within the city of Kerch. It was built by Ottoman 1615 and is named in honour of the Metropolitan of Kyiv Turks in 1699-1706. Yeni-Kale had an important strategic Petro Mohyla. It is the first University in Eastern Europe. value for the , because the fortress is Academy has many interesting places such as the Church located in the narrowest part of the Kerch Strait and it was of Blahovishchennja Presviatoi Bohorodytsi, the oldest armed with powerful cannons. Nowadays, it is one of the Church on the Mohylianka campus, the Tetiana and sights of the . The fortress was given the status of Omelian Antonovych Library, the Petro Mohyla monument, a monument of architecture protected by the state. among them. Last book read: «The Age of Turbulence» by Alan Last book read: Lina Kostenko "Почему у Грузин Greenspan. получилось". Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: «Природа Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Олесь Гончар: прекрасного така, що чим більше на шляху до нього "Собори душ своїх бережіть, друзі... Собори душ!.."; трапляється перешкод, тим більше воно вабить, на Ліна Костенко: «Єдиний, хто не втомлюється, – час. А зразок того найшляхетнішого і найтвердішого металу, ми живі, нам треба поспішати». який чим більше треться, тим прекрасніше виблискує» Григорiй Сковорода. Favourite quote by foreign author: Mahatma Gandhi: “My Life is My Message”. Favourite quote by foreign author: «We must recognize My favourite musical recording: Володимир Івасюк: that as the dominant power in the world we have a special «Червона Рута». responsibility. In addition to protecting our national inter- ests, we must take the leadership in protecting the com- mon interests of humanity» George Soros. My favourite musical recording: Tim Tim – Crimean Tatar music, Claude Debussy – Clair de lune.

 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

BEZRUCHONAK Andrei BIDOCHKO Lesia Born in Barysaw, Belarus Born in , Ukraine Hometown: Barysaw, Belarus Hometown: Chervonohrad Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus, established Kyiv-Mohyla University (National University of “Kyiv- in 1921. Faculty of Geography, Department of Socio- Mohyla Academy”) was established in 1615. Faculty of Economical Geography of Foreign Countries. Social Sciences and Social Technologies. Department of Motto of University: “Education over the period of life”. Political Science. Foreign languages: English, Portuguese, Ukrainian, Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna. Polish, Russian. – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy is eternal. – Час 2012 Emil Telizyn Scholarship recipient плинний, Києво-Могилянська академія – вічна. Intern to Don Davies, MP, Vancouver Kingsway, British Foreign languages: English, German, Russian, Polish, Columbia; Glenn Thibeault, MP, Sudbury, Ontario. French. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: “The Intern to Robert SOPUCK, MP of Dauphin – Swan River Sarcophagus” (or the object “Shelter”), the concrete block – Marquette. that surrounds the Reactor No. 4 of Chernobyl Nuclear Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: On Power Plant, located in “The Zone”, or officially “Chernobyl Kontraktova Square, in the center of Podil, one of the Exclusion Zone” (also famous for such sites as Pripyat oldest parts of Kyiv, there is a bronze stature of Hryhoryi “ghost” town (and other abandoned settlements), a car Skovoroda erected in 1977. Skovoroda is a famous graveyard (trucks, tanks and helicopters used in cleaning Ukrainian philosopher, teacher, poet and composer of the up the contamination) and some others). It was erected to 18th century. Skovoroda turns his head towards the reduce the radiation release into the atmosphere. Esti- Staroakademichny campus of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, the mated figures show that 200 tons of radioactive corium, 30 first academic institution of higher education in Ukraine tons of highly contaminated dust and 16 tons of uranium and Eastern Europe. Skovoroda himself was a student at and plutonium are locked within the Sarcophagus. Spooky the Academy and later dedicated a great part of his life to rumors about its ongoing destruction, the expire of mainte- education in Ukraine and abroad. Day and night, year nance period (30 years approximately) and impossibility to after year he watches his alma mater as students come repair it from inside (due to high radiation levels) make the here to acquire knowledge and new experience. Its site one of the most outstanding attractions and monu- sculptor is Ivan Kavaleridze, who was nearly 90 when he ments to human stupidity and achievements on the pave created the monument. The first sketch of the monument of self-humiliation efforts. depicted Skovoroda barefoot, with the Bible under his arm Last book read: “The Geopolitics of Emotion: how and a dagger on his chest. Unfortunately, the original Cultures of Fear, Humiliation and Hope are Reshaping the sketch, which unmistakably described the thinker’s person- World” by Dominique Moпsi. ality and approach to life, was prohibited by the Soviet Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: “Нації вмирають authorities. Now Skovoroda proudly stands on the pedes- не від інфаркту. Спочатку їм відбирає мову.” – Ліна tal with a bag instead of the Bible and in straw sandals on Василівна Костенко. his feet. The straw sandals are believed to bring good luck Favourite quote by foreign author: “Twenty years from and it is said that by touching the sandals, the students now you will be more disappointed by the things that you assure themselves of a good mark on their exams! didn't do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy has a tradition to wash the monu- bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade ment on the day of the Academy, which is celebrated on winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.” – Mark October 15th. This deed symbolizes the beginning of a Twain. "I think I’m perfectly normal. It’s other people that rebirth and renewal by washing away all the wrongs, are weird" – Michael O’Leary. removing everything old and stagnant and starting anew My favourite musical recording: Django Reinhardt: by bringing new ideas and progressive thoughts, just as Minor Swing. Skovoroda did. On the 28th of June, the day of the

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER convocation, alumni put a bonnet on the head of Skovo- the few medieval constructions in Ukraine that is relatively roda. More than two centuries later this enigmatic person, well preserved. It is the most recognized landmark of the which managed to get away and that the world didn’t city and it serves as an important regional and national catch, still stays at the heart of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. tourist attraction. Last book read: Jean-Paul Sartre “Nausea”. Last book read: “Ben-Hur” by Lewis Wallace. Favorite quote by Ukrainian author: Держава це я, а Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Будь іскрою, як не те, що вони з нею зробили (Ліна Костенко). мрієш бачити багаття. (Іван Чир, гасло святкування 100- Favorite quote by foreign author: Education is a better ліття Пласту). Be a spark if you want to see the fire. (Ivan th safeguard of liberty than a standing army (Edward Ever- Chyr, motto of 100 anniversary of Plast). ett). Favourite quote by foreign author: Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure My favorite musical recording: Pink Floyd “Us and about the universe. (Albert Einstein). Them”.

BONDAR Olena BUCHAK Iuliia Born in: Boryspil, , Ukraine Born in Kozova, region, Ukraine Hometown: Kyiv Intern to Peter Julian, MP, Burnaby–New Westminster, Intern to Romeo Saganash, MP, Abiyini–Baie-James– British Columbia. Nunavik–Eeyou, Quebec. Tyrone BENSKIN, MP, 2012 John & Julia STASHUK Scholarship recipient Jeanne-Le Ber Montreal, Quebec. National University of Lviv was established Senator Martha Bielish Scholarship recipient in 1661. Faculty of International Relations. Kyiv-Mohyla University (National University of “Kyiv- Motto of University: «Patriae Decori Civibus Educandis» Mohyla Academy”) was founded in 1615. Faculty of «Освічені люди – окраса батьківщини». th – – «Educated Economics, Department of Finance, 4 year of Bachelor People are the decoration of their motherland». Program. Foreign languages: English, Bulgarian, German, Polish, Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna. Motto of University: Russian. – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська Академія вічна. – The Museum of Folk Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains eternal. Beautiful landmark in Ukraine: Architecture and Rural Life. The area around the museum Foreign languages: English, French, Russian, Czech. is known as Kaizerwald after a visit by one of the Austrian Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Kamianets-Podilsky Castle is a former Ruthenian-Lithua- Emperors. The Museum of Folk Architecture and Rural nian castle located in the historic city of Kamianets- Life parts are representing different Western Ukrainian Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province), in the historic areas: Boykivschyna, Lеmkivschyna, Hutsulschyna, region of in . Historical accounts Podillia and Polissia. The museum has examples of date the Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle to the early 14th residential, public and farming buildings – high altitude century, although recent archaeological evidence has houses of shepherds, wind and water mills, a forge, a shown human existence in the area from the 12th-13th sawmill, beehives, a school, etc. The museum is also a centuries. Initially the fortress was built to protect the site for a functioning Greek – Catholic . The bridge connecting the medieval town with the mainland. Museum of Folk Architecture and Rural Life covers an area Its location on a strategic transport crossroad in Podolia of 50 ha and is one of the largest in Europe. It was made the castle a prime target for foreign invaders who created in 1971. The Museum contains over 20,000 rebuilt the castle to suit their own needs, adding to its household articles and items of folk art. multicultural architectural diversity. In spite of many Last book read: Василь Шкляр «Чорний ворон». architectural and engineering changes to the original Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: ...Та неоднаково structure of the castle, the Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle still мені, / Як Україну злії люде / Присплять, лукаві, і в огні / constitutes a coherent architectural design, being one of Її, окраденую, збудять... / Ох, не однаково мені. (Тарас

 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Шевченко). Нації вмирають не від інфаркту. Спочатку operation. їм відбирає мову. (Ліна Костенко). Last book read: “Anarchy in the Ukr” by Serhiy Zhadan Favourite quote by foreign author: No price is too high Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Хіба це мало – to pay for the privilege of owning yourself. (Friedrich незабутня мить? Л. Костенко (Is it little – an unforget- Nietzsche). If you tell the truth, you don't have to remem- table instant?). ber anything. (Mark Twain). Favourite quote by foreign author: An investment in Favourite music recording: Океан Ельзи «Майже knowledge always pays the best interest. Benjamin весна»; Aerosmith “I don’t want to miss a thing”. Franklin. Favourite musical recording: The Posies – Love comes.

CHEKER Iaroslav Born in Luhansk, Ukraine Hometown: Kharkiv CHULITSKA Liliia Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine Intern to Brian Masse, MP, Windsor Ontario Hometown: Kyiv 2012 John & Myroslava Yaremko Scholarship recipient Intern to EVE ADAMS, MP, Mississauga–Brampton National University “ Law Academy South, Ontario. of Ukraine” was established in 1804. Institute of Training recipient Lawyers for Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine. 2012 Dr.Yuri & Dr.Oksana Fedyna Scholarship National university of “Kyiv-Mohyla academy” was Motto of University: Vivat Lex! – Long Live the established in 1615. Faculty of Social sciences and social Law! – Хай живе закон! technologies. Department of Sociology. Foreign languages: English, German, Russian. Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: In – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська Академія вічна. – Chinadiyevo, Zakarpattya region, there is a marvelously Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains eternal. preserved hunter’s castle of the Shenborns. It appeared on English, Russian, Spanish, and the place of the old hunter’s house built in the XVIII Foreign Languages: German. century. During numerous renovations this castle altered to a great extent and now can be bravely named one of Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: National Museum of Ukrainian pottery, Opishnya ( the most gorgeous castles of Ukraine. In the project of the region). This museum – is a great place, where every castle in neorenaissance style the architects put definite visitor can see deep folk roots of old pottery tradition. symbolic meaning. As matter of fact, the basic principle in Opishnyantsi (the name of people, who lived in the village, architecture of the castle is astronomic year. Here are 365 where the museum is situated) became famous worldwide windows as the quantity of days in a year, 52 rooms – the for the ceramics, which was ethnically typical for our same as the number of weeks in a year, and 12 exits culture. You can view open-air/outdoor sculptures and a correspond with months. On the territory of the castle of museum, with many different exhibits, made of clay and the Shenborns the artificial lake was created, which initially decorated by Ukrainian artists. On the walls of the four had a shape of Austrian-Hungarian Empire. The castle is small rooms in the museum there are many beautiful situated in the center of an admirable so-called English exhibits. And in the foyer of the museum each visitor park where decorative trees are gathered from a whole receives a small gift, a ceramic whistle in the form of a plethora of countries. The planning of the park is extreme- rooster (many years ago such gifts were common in ly successful; the trees are situated harmonically so that Ukrainian villages, they are especially interesting for each group of trees could underline the unique beauty of children – bright, tasty and utter sounds). There is always the next one. Since 1946 on the territory of the castle an old master potter in the museum, which teaches how to complex, the health resort “The Carpathians” has been in

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER make jugs from clay and allows visitors to try themselves Of course during all the occupations it was damaged much at pottery making. Visitors can buy pottery items to bring more than once. Nevertheless our patriots managed to home as gifts. This museum is worth visiting, because gather money for its reconstruction and now this monu- there is a creative climate, there you can experience the ment is an adornment of our town, history and patriotism. real spirit of Ukrainian artisans and it is an authentic Last book read: Василь Шкляр «Залишенець. Чорний Ukrainian heritage location, which maintains Ukrainian ворон». customs and traditions. (Photos by one of the users of the Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Хто звивається site fotofact.net). черв'яком, той не має права скаржитись, що його Last book read: “The remains of the day” by Kazuo топчуть. (Ольга Кобилянська). І все на світі треба Ishiguro. пережити, / І кожен фініш – це, по суті, старт, / І Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Хто вам сказав, наперед не треба ворожити, / І за минулим плакати не що я слабка, / що я корюся долі? / Хіба тремтить моя варт. (Ліна Костенко). Облиш забобони, обмий совість, рука, / чи пісня й думка кволі? (Леся Українка). а потім одежу, залиш усі свої хиби і підіймайся! Favourite quotes by foreign author: Everything is in our (Григорій Сковорода). hands, so we cannot drop them down (Coco Chanel). The Favourite quote by foreign author: Look at a day when road leading to a goal does not separate you from the you are supremely satisfied at the end. It's not a day when destination; it is essentially a part of it. (Charles de Lint). you lounge around doing nothing; it's when you've had Favourite musical recording: Andrea Bocelli & Hayley everything to do and you've done it. (Margaret Thatcher). Westenra – Vivo Per Lei. Don't go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first. (Mark Twain). Favourite musical recording: Mozart “Angel’s Music”, Океан Ельзи «Така як ти», Lara Fabian «Je t'aime», David Cook «Permanent».

DMYTRASH Olha Born in: Lviv, Ukraine Hometown: Lviv Lviv Polytechnic National University was established in FURDA Alona 1844. Department of Applied Linguistics. Born in Kyiv, Ukraine Motto of University: Litteris et Artibus. – Науками й Hometown: Kyiv мистецтвом. Through the Sciences and the Art. Intern to Linda Duncan, MP, Edmonton–Strathcona, Foreign languages: English, German, Polish, Russian. Alberta. recipient 2012 Walter & Joan Moroz Scholarship recipient 2012 Dr. Maria Fischer-Slysh Scholarship University of Kyiv ( National University Intern to Hon.Judy SGRO, MP for York West, Ontario. of Kyiv) was established in 1834. Faculty of Law. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: My Motto of University: Utilitas Honour et Gloria. – native town Lviv has an enormous number of landmarks Kорисність, честь та слава. – Utility, Honour and Glory. and architecture but almost all of them are well-known. Foreign languages: English, Russian, German. That is why I would like to focus my attention on one of Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: them which is not that known, which I am extremely proud University of Kyiv. It is not only a higher educational estab- of and want more people to know about. I was born in a lishment, that is said to be one of the most important small town Vynnyky, which is considered to be a part of centers of progressive thinking in modern Ukraine, it is Lviv. This tiny place has rich history and a part of this also a wonderful architectural monument which still charms history is the monument of Taras Shevchenko. It is the the citizens and the guests of the city with it’s unique first monument of Ukrainian genius in all the Western part beauty. It was founded in 1834 in order to allow polish students to plunge into the world of knowledge and of our country and one of the oldest in the whole country! enlightenment. Nevertheless this university became an It was built in 1913 by an architect Oleksandr Lushpynskyj.

 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade alma mater for prominent Ukrainian scholars and scientists which was inscribed on the World Heritage List. such as M. Kostomarov, M. Drahomanov, O. Palladin; Last book read: Henry Kissinger “Diplomacy”. specialist in medicine: M. Sklifosofsky, lawyers K. Nevolin, Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Юрій M. Ivanishev and many others. These people have made Андрухович, «Дезорієнтація на місцевості»: «Жива a worthy contribution to the development of science and людина невичерпна». political thinking in Ukraine. Favourite quote by foreign author: “Be realistic, de- Last book read: “Flowers for Algernon” by Daniel Keyes. mand the impossible!” slogan of the Situationists. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Захочеш – і будеш. В людині, затям, Лежить невідгадана сила. – О. My favourite music recording: Oleh Skrypka – Vesna Ольжи. Guns n roses – Knocking on the Heavens Door. Favourite quote by foreign author: If we open a quarrel between past and present, we shall find that we have lost the future. – Winston Churchill. Don't go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first. – Mark Twain. My favourite musical recording: Queen – “Don’t Stop Me Now”.

GRETTSEVA Anastasiia Born in Kyiv, Ukraine Hometown: Kyiv University of Kyiv (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv) was established in 1834. Faculty of Psychology. Department of Psychology. GASKEVYCH Oleksandra Moto of University: Utilitas Honour et Gloria. – Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine Корисність, честь та слава. – Utility, Honour and Glory Hometown: Kyiv Foreign languages: English, Russian. Intern to Randy HOBACK, MP, Prince Albert, Saskatch- Intern to Ed KOMARNICKI, MP, Souris–Moose Mountain, ewan. Saskatchewan. 2012 Stefan & Roma Franko Scholarship recipient 2012 Edward Schreyer Scholarship recipient University of Kyiv (Taras Shevchenko National University Outstanding landmark architecture in Ukraine: The of Kyiv) was established in 1834. Faculty of Journalism, Skew Caponier, built in 1844, is a part of New Pechersk Department of Journalism. Murray State University was fortress, and was used as a political prison with a particu- established in 1922. Faculty of Journalism, Department of larly strict regime, but since 1930 it became a museum. Business. Despite the fact it is located in a noisy center of the city, Motto of University of Kyiv: «Корисність, Честь та fortress gives you an opportunity to get into the atmo- Слава». – «Utility, Honour and Glory» – "Utilitas Honour et sphere of peace and tranquility, due to its vast calm Gloria". territory and beautiful architectural construction of it. You Foreign languages: English, Spanish, Russian. can also book a tour through the fortress and get into Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Historical Museum of the . Saint Sofia in Kyiv is a sanctuaryerected in 11th Last book read: Onore de Balzac – La Peau de chagrin / century. The first library, formed by Yaroslav the Wise, The Magic Skin of Wild Ass’s Skin. was located here. The Sofia Kyivska wall-paintings of 11th Favourite Quote by Ukranian author: Без бажання все century are of great cultural value nowadays. Also in the важче, навіть найлегше. Григорій Сковорода. cathedral you can find the unique graffiti with the ancient Favourite Quote by foreigh author: The mind is every- Slavic alphabet, which explains the Cyrillic alphabet's thing. What you think you become. Buddha. origin. As many as 260 sq. meters of the cathedral are Favourite musical recording: Led Zeppelin – Achilles decorated with intarsia and 300 sq. meters are occupied Last Stand. by frescos. Today Saint Sofia Cathedral is one of the city’s well-known landmarks and the first Ukrainian patrimony

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

GRYSHCHENKO Kateryna ILKO Ihor Born in Kirovohrad, Ukraine Born in , Ukraine Hometown: Kyiv Humber College Institute of Technology & Advanced Intern to Wayne MARSTON, MP, Hamilton East–Stoney Learning was founded in 1967. Business School, Interna- Creek, Ontario. tional Development Program. 2012 Alexandra&Eugene Sukniarsky Scholarship Motto of University: More for You (English). recipient. B.A. degree in Public Administration from the University National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” was of Saskatchewan, Canada. established in 1615. Faculty of Law. Motto of university: DeoetPatriæ (Latin) – For God and Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna. Country (English). – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська академія вічна. – Foreign languages: English, Russian. Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains eternal. Intern to Corneliu Chisu, MP, Pickering–Scarborough East, Foreign languages: English, Russian, Polish, German Ontario. (basic). 2012 Carpathia Credit Union Scholarship recipient Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Coryphaeus Theater was the first professional theater in Nevytsky Castle, located 12 km north of Uzhhorod, Ukraine. It was opened in 1882 in Yelysavethrad (today's Ukraine was once a mighty citadel of the Hungarian – Kirovohrad). Its founder Marko Kropyvnyckyi who was Drugeth family towering over river . It was founded in an actor, a composer, a dramatist, an artist and a teacher, the early 15th century and rebuilt in its present form in the is considered as the father of Ukrainian Theater (And I'm early 16th century. However, in 1644 Hungarian proud to live on the street named after him). The first prince George II Rákóczi ruined the castle, leaving it much theatrical company was mainly come from one family of as its stands today. Due to the remoteness and inacces- Tobilevychy, where four of six children were performing on sibility of the castle it was preserved from complete demoli- the stage. The performances of the theater were mainly tion. Today it is a popular tourist destination. self-created by its actors and were showing traditions and Last book read: “For Whom the Bell Tolls” by Ernest culture of then and there Ukraine. Such performances Hemingway. were syncretic, because they joined drama and comedy Favourite quote by foreign author: You must be the with choir and dancing. Today a lot of Ukrainian theaters change you want to see in the world – Mahatma Ghandi. steel keep up the traditions of our Coryphaeus Theater. Favourite musical recordings: Wish You Were Here – The building of the first Ukrainian theater has remained in Pink Floyd. Riders on the Storm – The Doors. Kirovohrad. Ihor was accepted into a two-year Erasmus Mundus Last book read: “An American Tragedy” by Theodore Master’s Program in Public Policy jointly offered by Inter- Dreiser. national Institute of Social Studies (ISS) of Erasmus Hі кроку зі Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: “ University Rotterdam (The ) and Institut шляху, ні думки назад. Ні хвилі даремне на місці.” (Олег d’Estudis Internacionals (IBEI) (). ISS is Ольжич). “Хто добре запалився, той добре почав, а an international graduate school of policy-oriented critical добре почати – це наполовину завершити.” (Григорій social science. It brings together students and teachers Сковорода). from the Global South and the North in a European Favourite quote by foreign author: “The one duty we environment. IBEI is an inter-university institute created as owe to history is to rewrite it.”(Oscar Wilde). a joint initiative between five public universities in the Favourite musical recording: Muse – Resistance. Barcelona metropolitan area to promote postgraduate training and research in politics and international relations. Ihor will focus his studies on Public Policy in International Development, with emphasis on Political Economy and Development. 10 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Favourite quote by foreign author: “Be the change that you wish to see in the world.” – Mahatma Gandhi. Favoutite musical recording: Дякую – Океан Ельзи.

KRYKUN Oksana Born in Kyiv, Kyiv region National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was established in 1615. Faculty of Economics. Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna (Lat). – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська академія вічна. – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains eternal. LETS Iurii Foreign languages: English, Russian, French, Polish. Born in: Kyiv 2012 Kathy Obal Scholarship recipient Hometown: Kyiv Intern to Scott Brison, MP for Kings-Hants, Nova . University of Kyiv (Vadym Hetman National Economic Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: University of Kyiv) was established in 1906. Faculty of lake is the biggest lake in the Carpathian Moun- Finances and Economics. Department of Finance and tains. It is a picturesque part of the “Synevyr National Credit. Preserve,” founded in 1989. This lake is very big and Motto of University: «Здійснення вагомого вкладу у beautiful. Moreover, its waters are as transparent as суспільний розвиток через дослідження, генерування diamond. The most popular legend about the creation of нових знань, їх поширення та підготовку конкурентних Synevyr goes back to a time when all the mountains used фахівців і креативних особистостей». – «Contributing to to belong to one Count, the father of a blue-eyed beauty society development through research, generating and known as Syn. One day, the Count went to see how his spreading new knowledge, training competitive specialists lumberjacks were working and Syn asked to accompany and creative personalities». him. The girl was wandering in the forest when she heard Foreign languages: English, Spanish, Russian. the sound of a reed pipe that Vyr, a shepherd, was playing. 2012 James & Louise Temerty Scholarship recipient She asked the young man to go on playing, and before Intern to Hon. Bal Gosal, MP for Bramalea–Gore–Malton, leaving she promised to come back again. The more Ontario; Minister of State (Sport). frequent their secret meetings, the gloomier became the Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The Count. Eventually, on one occasion when Vyr was expect- “” (or, Horodetsky House) is an ing his beloved by the forest, the Count’s servants rolled a architecturally Modern building located in Kyiv. The name huge boulder at him down the mountainside. When she of the House can be attributed to the sculptural decoration saw what happened, Syn embraced the stone and wept of the building's facade and interior, which depicts various bitterly. She cried and cried until her tears flooded the species of wildlife as well as fabulous creatures of the edge of the forest. Syn herself disappeared in the blue imagination: heads of rhinos, giraffes, lions, crocodiles, waters of her tears. In the middle of this lake of tears lies and antelopes line the walls; concrete trunks of elephants an island that marks the spot where Vyr died. The lake hanging over the sidewalks are used as drainpipes; huge was named «Synevyr» by combining the names of the two frogs, sea monsters, and Nereids with chains instead of lovers, Syn and Vyr. For me this place is very peaceful hair can be seen on the roof. The House takes the shape and inspiring. of a cube. It has three floors opening onto , Last book read: "Kaizen” by Masaaki Imai. and rises six floors above Ivan Franko Square. The Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Буває, часом building was built by architect of Polish-Ukrainian origin сліпну від краси. / Спинюсь, не тямлю, що воно за диво, Vladyslav Horodetsky in 1903. The Italian sculptor Elio – / оці степи, це небо, ці ліси, / усе так гарно, чисто, Sala decorated the facade and interiors with bizarre незрадливо, / усе як є – дорога, явори, / усе моє, все sculptures according to Horodetsky’s drawings. Legend зветься – Україна. / Така краса, висока і нетлінна, / що has it that the sea monsters on the facade pay tribute to хоч спинись і з богом говори. («Маруся Чурай», Ліна the architect's daughter who drowned in the sea. In 1913, Костенко). Horodetsky sold his estate. Later, ownership of the House

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 11 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER changed hands several times. After the October Revolu- lowski, finished his project, which he started in 1888 in less tion, the House with Chimaeras was nationalized by the than a year. The construction started in 1899 and lasted Worker-Peasant Government, and during Soviet rule the until 1904, when the train station was opened to the public. rooms were employed as communal . In 2003- Unfortunately, the Rail Terminal suffered extensive dam- 2004 the House with Chimaeras was restored. Now it is age during the World War II, including a completely used as the Small Residence for the President during destroyed trainshed. There was an open debate on high-level meetings. whether to restore the building or to dismantle the ruins Last book read: «The Godfather» by Mario Puzo. and build anew. Architect G.F. Domashenko managed to Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Не так тії вороги, bring both parties to agreement, and between 1949 and як добрії люди – / і окрадуть, жалкуючи, / плачучи, 1953 the old structure was given a contemporary interior, осудять, / і попросять тебе в хату, / і будуть вітати, / і whilst a full repair on the outside preserved its original питать тебе про тебе, / щоб потім сміятись, / щоб з тебе view. Nowadays the terminal handles over 1.2 million сміятись, / щоб тебе добити… (Тарас Шевченко). passengers and moves 16 thousand tons of freight on a Favourite quote by foreign author: You may be disap- monthly basis and during the Championship it will a way pointed if you fail, but you are doomed if you don't try. more. The Main Train Station has always been the entry (Beverly Sills). point to our beautiful city for hundreds and thousands of My favourite musical recording: Микола Мозговий – tourists and local residents and its halls and platforms Минає день, минає ніч... Tina Turner – Simply the best. have seen smiles and tears, happiness and sadness, excitement and regret. Every time I come there I am looking forward to new beginnings or coming back home and it makes me happy. Last book read: “The Prairie Bridesmaid” by Daria Salamon. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Немає мужності другої, / Як не боятися життя. Павло Тичина. Favourite quote by foreign author: Life is an opportu- nity, benefit from it. Life is a beauty, admire it. Life is a dream, realize it. Life is a challenge, meet it. Life is a duty, complete it. Life is a game, play it... Mother Teresa. My favourite musical recording: Олег Собчук та Марта Шпак – Осіння історія.

MYKYTYUK Ustyna Born in Lviv, Ukraine University of Lviv (Ivan Franko National University of Lviv) was established in 1661. Faculty of Economics, graduated with Master of Science in Economics. Motto of University: Patriae decori civibus educandis. – Для освіти громадян, на славу Батьківщині. – For the education of citizens, for the adornment of the homeland Foreign languages: English, Russian, German. 2011 Senator Martha Bielish Scholarship recipient Intern to Nina Grewal, MP for Fleetwood-Port Kells. 2012 Coordinator. 2012 Jerry Humeniuk Scholarship Scholarship recipi- NIKULOVA Oleksandra ent Born in Luhansk, Ukraine Intern to Robert Goguen, MP for Moncton-Riverview- Hometown Kyiv, Ukraine Dieppe, New Brunswick. National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: established in 1615. Law School. The Main Train Station in Lviv, Ukraine, is one of the most Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna notable pieces of architecture in former Gali- (Lat). – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська академія cia. It was opened to the public in 1904, and now being вічна. – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains more than hundred years old awaits to become a part of eternal. one more big event – Euro 2012 Football Championship. Foreign languages: English, Russian, German, Spanish, The author of a project, young architect Władyslaw Sad- Chinese.

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2012 Senator Paul Yuzyk Scholarship recipient Intern to Candice Hoeppner, MP for Portage-Lisgar, Manitoba. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Uspenskyy Cave Monastery, Bakhchisaray, Ukraine. The history of this monastery dates back to the 8th century A. D. It is believed that the monastery was founded where icon of Mother Mary miraculously appeared. The monas- tery is carved out of cliff and has a spring of healing water. In a gorge beneath the cliff there used to be an ancient greek village. Later it was called Maryam-dere, which means Mother Mary’s gorge. The monastery was one of few that survived Golden Orda’s attacks and OLIIARNYK Khrystyna became a centre of Crimean Christianity in the 15th Born in: Zhovty Vody, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine century. When Crimea became a part of , Hometown: Zhovty Vody the Uspenskyy Monastery was visited by emperor Olek- Intern to Hon.Gerald Keddy, MP, St. Paul’s Toronto sandr I in 1818. In 1921 the Monastery was officially Ontario. closed by soviet authorities. It’s modern history starts 2012 Walter Surma Tarnopolsky Scholarship recipient since 1993, when people started to rebuild it and to raise Kyiv-Mohyla University (National University of “Kyiv- Uspenskyy Monastery from the ruins. A dark silhouette of Mohyla Academy”) was founded in 1615. Faculty of Law. Mother Mary with a round light areola appeared on the Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna(Lat.).- Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська rock above the monastery at the same time. It is now one академія вічна. a functioning monastery and one of tourists’ and pilgrims’ – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla academy remains eternal. attractions. Foreign languages: English, Spanish, Russian. Last book read: Feng Menlong “The Sorcerers’ Revolt”. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Ти тільки гість в житті моїм, сонце, бажаний гість, – і коли ти відходиш, я monastery of Pochaiv in is considered to be a holy place for Ukrainians since the late 18th century. хапаюсь за тебе. Ловлю останній промінь на хмарах, In the works of Taras Shevchenko you can find evidence of продовжую тебе у вогні, в лампі, у фейєрверках, зби- this, as his poetry illustrates the religious beliefs of Ukraini- раю з квіток, з сміху дитини, з очей коханої. Коли ж ти ans. In such poems as “The Blind Woman”, “The Captive”, гаснеш і тікаєш від мене – творю твою подобу, даю “Petrus” a number of his heroes go to Kyiv and Pochaiv to наймення їй "ідеал" і ховаю у серці. І він мені світить. pray. According to legend, the monastery was founded in (Михайло Коцюбинський). 1240, when the monks of the Kyivan Cave Monastery Favourite quote by foreign author: Many that live settled on Pochaiv Mountain in order to hide from the deserve death. And some that die deserve life. Can you Tatars. Recorded historicalaccounts verify this chapter of give it to them? Then do not be too eager to deal out history. Anna Gojska – was an owner of Pochaiv and death in judgement. For even the very wise cannot see all founded a cloisterthere on Nov. 14, 1597, as attested by ends. (J.R.R. Tolkien). an historical document. In 1597 Anna Gojska ordered the My favourite musical recording: Скрябін «Танець transfer of a miraculous icon of the Holy Virgin to Pochaiv. Пінгвіна». The icon healed Anna’s brother, who was blind from birth. Today this icon is a sacred object of the monastery. Iov Zalizo who was a Hegumen of the Dubno Monastery of the True Cross played an important role in the establishment of the Pochaiv monastery. In the early 17th Iov left Dubno for unknown reasons and settled on Pochaiv Mountain. Iov Zalizo found wealthy Ukrainian landlords among Orthodox noble families, who made donations and helped to build Trinity Church on Pochaiv Mountain, where the Holy Virgin’s wonder-icon was placed. Another famous legend about the Pochaiv is the legendary tale about the Virgin Mary and how the Mother of God protected the mon- astery from an attack by the Turks in July 1675. As a legend recalls, Iov Zalizo, who by this time had died and had been canonized, appeared with the Virgin Mary over Trinity Church. The Holy Virgin diverted the Turkish arrows from the monastery, and the confounded invaders became frightened and left Pochaiv. This legendary event was Anatoliy Mintenko and Nazar Kuzma met on street. reflected in the songs “The Evening Star Has Risen” and

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“Shepherds Grazed the Sheep on the Hill” and other Ukrainian religious songs. Nowadays for millions of Ukrainians Pochaiv has become a “second Jerusalem”. The unremitting auraof holiness of Pochaiv makes ita special place for me. Last book read: Ерик Берн «Игры, в которые играют люди». Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Борітеся – поборите. (Тарас Шевченко). Favourite quote by foreign author: Success doesn't come to you…you go to it (Unknown). My favourite musical recording: Duran Duran – Who do you need. ROMANOVSKIY Roman Born in Kyiv, Ukraine Hometown: Kyiv Kyiv-Mohyla University (National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”) was founded in 1615. Faculty of Economics, Department of Economic Theory. Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna. – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська Академія вічна. – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains eternal. Foreign Languages: English, German, Russian. 2012 Christina Bardyn Scholarship recipient Intern to Mike Wallace, MP for Burlington, Ontario. Intern to Larry Miller, MP for Bruce-Grey-Owen Sound, Ontario. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The Fortress. The is situated on the PEDENKO Pavlo right bank of Dnister river near Khotyn village in western Born in: Cherkasy, Ukraine th Hometown: Kyiv, Ukraine Ukraine. It was built in 14 century and served as a border fortification of western Kievan Rus’. For centuries it was a National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Poly- technic Institute” was established in 1895. Faculty of trade, cultural and economic center and was protecting Machinery. Ukrainian lands from foreign invaders. Fortress symbol- Foreign languages: Russian, English. izes strength, indestructability and prosperity of Ukrainian 2012 William & Antonina Bazylewych Scholarship past. In 2007 this monument was named one of the 7 recipient wonders of Ukraine. Intern to Ted Opitz, MP for Etobicoke Centre, Ontario. Last book read: “Atlas Shrugged” by Ayn Rand. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Favorite quote by Ukrainian author: Нація без Cape Kazantyp is the nature reserve on the Sea of Azov. державності є покалічений людський колективний It is a unique place in Crimea where wilderness was організм. – В. Винниченко. preserved. Actually, it’s not very popular among tourists, Favorite quote by foreign author: Some see private so while walking the cape you can be the only person on enterprise as a predatory target to be shot, others as a 391 hectares of protected territory. You can have a picnic cow to be milked, but few are those who see it as a sturdy with an unforgettable nature around. If one wants to feel horse pulling the wagon. – Winston Churchill. forces of nature, to admire the boundless horizons of Favorite recording: Bob Dylan – The Times They are A- Ukrainian lands and seas, it is a correct place to spend a Changing. few hours during summer vacation. Last book read: Michael Roach «The Diamond Cutter: The Buddha on Managing Your Business and Your Life». Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: «Немає мужності другої, як не боятися життя» (Павло Тичина). Favourite quote by foreign author: “First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.” (Mahatma Gandhi). My favourite musical recording: Enter Shikari – Desta- bilise.

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and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.” Steve Jobs. Favourite musical recordings: Green Day With The 'Ameri- can Idior' Cast – 21 Guns. Flipsyde – When It Was Good. Adele – Someone Like You.

SHABARDIN Oleksandr Born in Mykolayiv, Ukraine Hometown: Mykolayiv Petro Mohyla State University was estab- lished in 1996 in Mykolaiv. Faculty of ecology and medi- cine (Department of medical equipment). Foreign languages: Russian, English, Spanish - basic. 2012 Volodymyr HRYNYK Scholarship recipient Intern to Mark Warawa, MP for Langley, British Columbia. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Maidan Nezalezhnostiis the main square of Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine, located on the Khreschatyk Street. SHAPOVAL Olena "Maidan" is originally a Persian word which means square. Born in: Velyki Budky, Ukraine Maidan Nezalezhnosti was completely rebuilt in 2002. The Hometown: Kyiv old look of the square with its many fountains was replaced University of Kyiv (Taras Shevchenko National University by a new, more modernist look with bronze compositions of Kyiv) was established in 1834. Institute of Journalism. featuring the statues of legendary founders of Kyiv Kiy, Motto of University: Utilitas Honour et Gloria. – Schek, Horiv and Lybid, folklore hero , the Корисність, честь та слава. – Utility, Honour and Glory. city's protector Archangel Michael, Berehynia and glass University of Kyiv (Vadym Hetman National Economic domes. A mostly underground shopping mall, the Globe, University of Kyiv) was established in 1906. Faculty of was built under Maidan Nezalezhnosti, part of a huge new Law. underground market complex built under the city center. Motto of University: Здійснення вагомого вкладу у The biggest protests of the Ukraine without Kuchma суспільний розвиток через дослідження, генерування campaign and the Orange Revolutiontook place in this нових знань, їх поширення та підготовку конкурентних square. Maidan Nezalezhnosti received global media фахівців і креативних особистостей. – Contributing to coverage in late 2004 during the OrangeRevolution, as society development through research, generating and hundreds of thousands of protesters gathered in the spreading new knowledge, training competitive specialists square and pitched tents for several weeks, enduring the and creative personalities. cold and snow. Foreign languages: English, Russian, Polish. Last book read: “I love America” by Mikhail Zadornov. 2012 Mazurenko Family Scholarship recipient Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: І чужому Intern to Hon. Carolyn Bennett, MP for St. Paul’s, научайтесь, / Й свого не цурайтесь. / Хтоматір не знає – Ontario. того Бог карає. / І на Січі мудрий німець / Картопельку Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: садить. (Тарас Шевченко). Ні, я жива, я вічно буду Princess Yaroslavna Monument is located in Putyvl, Sumy жити / Я в серці маю те, що не вмирає. (Леся Українка). region. Putyvl was founded in 989. This town is just one Любіть Україну у сні й наяву, вишневу свою Україну, year younger than Christianity in Kyivan Rus. Today красу її, вічно живу і нову, і мовуїїсолов'їну. (Володимир Putyvl is a small and quiet town, but with a long and Сосюра). glorious history. In the XII century there was the centre of Favourite quotes by foreign author: “I am not an Novhorod-Siversk Principality here. And in 1185 Prince Athenian nor a Greek, but a citizen of the world”. Socrates. Ihor went against polovtsy (nomadic people from Asia) “Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone from here. The oldest poem in Kyivan Rus “The Word else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma – which is living about Ihor’s Campaign” talks about this event. It was an with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the unsuccessful campaign, Prince Ihor was wounded and noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. captured. According to the legend his wife Yaroslavna was And most important, have the courage to follow your heart walking along the wall of fortress in Putyvl and was looking

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 15 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER out her Prince every day while he’d been away. She was dance of hot sulfuric springs in the area. All of them were singing and crying. Today this monument embodies her built in different times – approximately it the 17th-19th great sorrow and great love. Ukrainian poet Taras centuries. The oldest of them is the Irakli bath, which was Shevchenko has written the poem “Crying of Yaroslavna” an object of ownership arguments between the imperial about this faithful wife. family and Georgian princes in the 16th century. The most Last book read: “Quo Vadis” by Henryk Sienkiewicz. beautiful is the Orbeliani bath. From both sides it is Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Захочеш – і decorated with minarets and its lancet facade is lines with будеш. В людині, затям, лежить невідгадана сила. blue tiles. Most people call it the Blue bath. The bath (Олег Ольжич). Кожній нації є за що посипати собі interior is very clean and beautiful; the walls are adorned голову попелом. Тільки не треба тим попелом with the mosaic of green and white ceramic tiles. All baths запорошувати очі наступних поколінь. (Ліна Костенко). in Tbilisi are named after their former owners. Baths are Favourite quote by foreign author: You can cut all the built in classic oriental style. They are low stocky buildings flowers, but you cannot keep spring from coming. (Pablo covered from above by semicircular domes with glass Neruda). I cannot forget, but I can forgive. (Nelson apertures in the centre which served as windows lighting Mandela). the interiors because the baths themselves are below the My favourite musical recording: Ніна Матвієнко – ground level. Tbilisi baths were destroyed and restored “Cміються-плачуть солов’ї”, Brainstorm “Welcome to my many times. These baths exist now with small architec- country”. tural changes made in the 19th century. Today Tbilisi sulfuric baths are very popular not only with tourists but also local residents since they produce great healing effect. The baths consist of separate booths with individual small pool filled with hydro sulfuric water. Just sit in such water and all diseases will be gone. And after the special massage you will feel like you are born again. Last book read: “Naпve. Super” by Erlend Loe. Favourite quote by Georgian author: Tu adamians rwmena aqvs, igi uZlevelia uTuod (konstantine gamsaxur- dia). If person has a faith, for sure he’s undefeatable. (Konstantine Gamsakhurdia). moZraoba da marto moZra- oba aris qveynis Ronisa da sicocxlis mimcemi. (wm. ilia WavWavaZe). Movement and only the movement gives enormous amount of strength and life. (St. Ilia Chavcha- vadze). SHIUKASHVILI Giorgi Favourite quote by foreign author: "Not everything that Born in: Tbilisi, Georgia can be counted counts and not everything that counts can Hometown: Tbilisi be counted". (Albert Einstein). "I find that the harder I work Intern to John WESTON, MP for West Vancouver– the more luck I seem to have." (Thomas Jefferson). Sunshine Coast–Sea to Sky Country, British Columbia. My favourite musical recording: Damien Rice “I Re- 2012 East West Management Institute Scholarship member”. Katie Melua “No fear of heights”. recipient International Black Sea University was established in 1995. Faculty of Business Management. Motto of University: “International Education/Interna- tional Employment”. Ilia State University was established in 2006. Faculty of Arts &Sciences, Master Program in Public Administration. Motto of University: “Ligamus” – Latin inscription signifying “We Unite” i.e. the university’s aspiration to unite research and education, bring together existing knowl- edge, creating new understanding and passing it on to students and society. Foreign languages: English, Russian, Turkish. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Tbilisi, Georgia: Tbilisi Sulfuric Baths: In the old part of the city you can visit the well-known Tbilisi sulfuric baths. They are located near the river Kura (Mtkvari) embankment. The emergence of the baths was promoted by the abun- Roman Tychkivskyy and Volodymyr Sysak at EURO 2012.

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ness is great, the difficulties cannot be great – Niccolo Machiavelli. My Favourite Musical Recording: Andrea Bocelli – Vivo Per Lei.

SHUDRAK Olya Born in Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan Hometown: Lviv Humboldt University of Berlin was established in 1810. Centre for British Studies. University of Lviv (Ivan Franko National University of Lviv) was established in 1661. Faculty of Foreign Lan- guages, Department of Translation Studies and Compara- tive Linguistics. Motto of University: Patriae decori civibus educandis. – SHYSHKO Lesia Для освіти громадян, на славу Батьківщині. – For the Born in: Odesa, Ukraine education of citizens, for the adornment of the homeland. Hometown:Odesa, Ukraine Foreign languages: English, German, Spanish, Russian. University of Odesa was established in 1865. Institute of Intern to James Bezan, MP for Selkirk-Interlake, Mani- Social Sciences, International Relations Department. toba. Foreign languages: English, Russian, Greek, French – 2011 John and Julia Stashuk Scholarship recipient basic. Intern to Hon. Jason Kenney, MP for Calgary Southeast, Intern to Ryan CLEARY, St. John's South–Mount Pearl, Alberta. Newfoundland and Labrador. 2012 Daria Telizyn Scholarship Scholarship recipient 2012 Vasyl KERELIUK Scholarship recipient Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Kyiv Pecherska , also known as the Kyiv Monastery Odesa Opera Theatre was built in 1887. It is famous for its of the Caves, is a historic Orthodox Christian monastery which does not yield to the best which gave its name to one of the city districts where it is European theatres. Built on the example of Dresden located in Kyiv. According to the Primary Chronicle, in the Opera House, it has three floors abundantly decorated early 11th century, Anthony, an Orthodox monk with sculptures and columns on the outside. On the top of from Esphigmenon monastery on , originally the Opera House there is a sculpture of muse Melpomene from of the Principality of , returned in a chariot. A bit lower there are figures of Orpheus who to Rus' and settled in Kiev as a of monastic plays kithara for a centaur and the muse of dance Terpsi- tradition to Kievan Rus'. He chose a cave at the Berestov chore, dancing with a girl. The luxury internal decoration is Mount that overlooked the River and a community in rococo style, with beautiful pictures, sculptures and bбs- of disciples soon grew. Prince Iziaslav I of Kyiv ceded the reliefs. Amazing crystal chandelier adds charm to the hall. whole mount to the Antonite monks who founded a monas- On the theatre stage performed P. Tchaikovskiy, S. Krushel­ tery built by architects from . Since its nytska, A. Pavlova. It has an outstanding cultural signifi- foundation as the cave monastery in 1015 the Lavra has cance for the city and all of . been a preeminent center of the Eastern Orthodox Christi- Last Book Read: “The French Lieutenant’s Woman” by anity in Eastern Europe. Together with the Saint Sophia John Fowles. Cathedral, it is inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Favorite quote by Ukrainian author: Народ, що не знає Site. своєї історії, є народ сліпців. – Олександр Довженко. Book read: “The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People” Favorite quote by foreign author: Always bear in mind by Stephen R. Covey. that your own resolution to succeed is more important than Без ядра горіх Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: any one thing. – Abraham Lincoln. ніщо, так само як людина без серця. Григорій Сковоро- My favorite musical recording: Coldplay – Clocks. да. Favourite quote by foreign author: Where the willing-

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SMOLYAK Maryna TSELIKOVSKA Ganna Born in: Sevastopol, Ukraine Born in: Dniprodzerzhynsk National University "Yaroslav the Wise Law Academy Hometown: Dniprodzerzhynsk of Ukraine" in Kharkiv was established in 1804. Prosecu- Intern to Hon. Mark Eyking, MP for Sydney–Victoria, tor’s Training Institute, 2nd year. Nova Scotia. Motto of the University: Vivat Lex! Хай живе закон! Hon. Hedy Fry, Vancouver Centre, British Columbia. Long live the law! 2012 Dr. Roman & Barbara HUMENIUK Scholarship Foreign languages: Russian, English. recipient 2012 John SOPINKA Scholarship recipient University of Vaasa (Vaasa, ) was established in Intern to Megan LESLIE, MP, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 1966. Faculty of Business Studies. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: University of Dnipropertrovsk (Dnipropertrovsk National The Swallow's Nest (Ukrainian: Ластівчине гніздо) is a University named after Oles Honchar) was established in beautiful castle on the Crimean peninsula. It is located 1918. International Economy Faculty. near Yalta on the very edge of 40-metre high Aurora Rock, Motto of the University: Docendo Discimus – “Teaching hanging over the sea. It was designed by the Russian we study ourselves. – Навчаючи, ми навчаємося самі”. architect L. Sherwood and completed in 1911 and has Foreign languages: English, Russian, German, Finnish. become a true symbol of the Crimea. The castle is an Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: excellent example of the Gothic style. A luxurious restau- Dniprodzerzhynsk St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Church rant is situated in this castle now; you can taste various was built in 1895-1897 in Dniprodzerzhynsk (previously delicious dishes in the medieval interior and enjoy magnifi- named Kamianske). The church was designed for Polish cent sea views from the top of the cliff. workers of Dniprovskyi metallurgical plant. Plant’s director Last book read: “Faust” by J. Goethe. Ihnatiy Iasiukovych initiated the construction of the church. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: «Правду життя The author of the project was architect Marian Khorman- піднімати до рівня серца, а серце нести високо» – skyi. On December, 12, 1929 city’s authorities closed the Олександр Довженко. church. Instead they opened Polish club in the building. Favourite quote by foreign author: “Tact is the ability to Later the building was used as a gathering station of describe others as they see themselves.” A. Linkoln. military office, stables, marxism-leninism university branch, My favourite musical recording: Sergey Rahmaninov – planetarium, sea school, art fund workrooms, warehouse, The Song from a Secret Garden. cooperatives, sport and technical groups. The church was reopened in 1990s. On December, 6. 1997 at the church’s hundredth consecration anniversary the St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Church was consecrated for the second time. Last book read: Juoksuhaudantie (Battle Trench Avenue) by Kari Hotakainen. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Можеш вибирати друзів і дружину, Вибрати не можна тільки Батьківщину (Василь Симоненко). Favourite quote by foreign author: It's a funny thing about life; if you refuse to accept anything but the best, you very often get it. (W. Somerset Maugham). Favourite musical recording: Gotan Project – Santa Maria (Del Buen Ayre).

Roman Tychkivskyy and EURO 2012 volunteers.

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never become master, without being an apprentice (Kon- stantine Gamsakhurdia). Favorite quote by foreign author: Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, just remember all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had. (F. Scott Fitzgerald). The true mystery of the world is the visible, not the invisible. (Oscar Wilde). My favorite musical recording: Foo Fighters “Walking after you”. Ben E. King “Stand by me”.

TSITSAGI Ana Born in: Tbilisi, Georgia Hometown: Tbilisi Intern to Kennedy STEWART, MP, Burnaby–Douglas, British Columbia. 2012 East West Management Institute Scholarship recipient International Black Sea University was established in 1995. Faculty of Business Management. Motto of University: “International Education/Interna- tional Employment”. Ilia State University was established in 2006. Faculty of Arts &Sciences, Master Program in Public Administration. Motto of University: “Ligamus” – Latin inscription signify- TYCHKIVSKYY Roman ing “We Unite” i.e. the university’s aspiration to unite Born in:Lviv, Ukraine research and education, bring together existing knowl- Hometown: Rohatyn edge, creating new understanding and passing it on to Intern to Władyslaw Lizon, MP, Mississauga East– students and society. Cooksville, Ontario. Foreign languages: English, Russian, Spanish. 2012 Josef & Maria SIECINSKY Scholarship recepient Outstanding landmark or architecture in Georgia: National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (NaUK- Vardzia is a cave-palace-monastery with underground MA) was established in 1615. Faculty of Economics. halls dug out of the solid rock, built by Georgians in the Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna Caucasus for fabled queen Tamar. In the late 1100s of (Lat.) – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська Академія Georgia was fighting against the onslaught of the Mongol вічна. – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains hordes, the most devastating force Europe had ever seen. eternal. Queen Tamar ordered the construction of this underground Barcelona Graduate School of Economics (Barcelona sanctuary in 1185. When completed this underground GSE) was founded in July 2006. Economics of Science fortress extended 13 levels and contained 6000 apart- and Innovation Program. ments, an amazing throne room and a large church with Foreign languages: English, Spanish, Russian, Polish. an external . It is assumed that the only access Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The to this stronghold was via a hidden tunnel whose entrance National Reserve “Ancient ”is a visiting card of was near the banks of Mtkvari River. The outside slope of Opillya. ”Ancient Halych” is a complex of historical and the mountain was covered with the fertile terraces, suitable cultural monuments of ancient Halych and Halytch-Volyn for cultivation, for which an intricate system of irrigation state of XII-XIII centuries, most of which are located within was designed. With such defenses, natural and man- the modern village of Krylos and of Halych. The made, the place must have been all but impregnable to Reserve covers the historical part of prince’s city and human forces. Today the place is maintained by a small covers about 80 square km. Along with the magnificent group of monks. About three hundred apartments and ancient Church of St. Panteleimon (XII century) and halls remain visitable and in some tunnels the old irrigation RizdvoHrystove (XIV-XVI century), there are other monu- pipes still bring drinkable water. mental structures such as "Halych's grave", mentioned in Last book read: “The Name of the Rose” by Umberto the Halych-Volyn chronicle, legendary fountain of Princes, Eco. foundations of Uspenskyi Cathedral (XII century) with the Favourite quote by Georgian author: cxovreba is aris burial place of Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl and chapel of rac gaxsovs. danarCeni arsebobaa (Wabua amirejibi) – St. Vasylij (XV century). The life is what you remember, all other means existence Last book read: The Singapore Story.Memories of Lee (Chabua Amirejibi). vinc Segirdi ar yofila, verasodes Kuan Yew. gaxdeba ostati (konstantine gamsaxurdia) – The one can Favorite quote by Ukrainian author: «Людська душа і CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 19 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

друг, безсумнівно, цiннiшіза все інше.» (Григорій вмирають не від інфаркту, спочатку в них відбирають Сковорода). мову.» (Л. Костенко), «Cвою Україну любіть, Любіть її… Favorite quote by foreign author: “If one can do it, I can Bо время люте, В останню тяжкую минуту, За неї do it. If no one can do it, I must do it.” (Japanese folk). Господа моліть.» (Т. Шевченко). My favorite musical recordings: «Try porady» by Favorite quotes by foreign authors: “Be or not to be – OleksandrPonomariov, “I believe I can fly” by Rober Kelly. this is the question.” (W. Shakespeare), “Do not pity the dead, Harry. Pity the living, and, above all, those who live without love.” (Albus Dumbledore by J. Rowling). Favourite musical recordings: Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds – O, Children!. Armin van Buuren feat. Ana Criado – Suddenly Summer.

ZAVIALOV Andrei Born in: Irkutsk, Russian Federation Hometown: Irkutsk, Russian Federation Intern to Peggy NASH, MP, Toronto, Ontario. 2012 Anne MAZURENKO Scholarship recipient Irkutsk State University was established in 1918. Insti- tute of Social Sciences. 5th year student. Expected gradua- ZAVIALOVA Alisa tion date: 2013. Born in Mykolayiv, Ukraine Foreign languages: English, French, Russian. Hometown: Mykolayiv Outstanding landmark or architecture: The cathedral of Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University was estab- Epiphany in Irkutsk was founded in 1693. Originally it was lished in 1996 in Mykolayiv. Faculty of Foreign Languages wooden and named the Petropavlovsk church. The (Department of English and German Philology and World’s building burned down during the first fire in 1716 year. Literature). After two years it was decided to rebuild a cathedral, but Foreign languages: Russian, English, German, Spanish. this time build it with brick. Donations for building wer- 2012 Senator David TKACHUK Scholarship recipient emade by townspeople and guests of Irkutsk, who brought Intern to James Bezan, MP, Selkirk–Interlake, Manitoba. money and valuables. A bell tower was completed in Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The 1729. On the night of 23-24 April, 1804, an earthquake town of Kremenets, Ternopil region. Bona Hill. Kremenets happened. As a result: the cross of the cathedral was belongs to the most ancient Ukrainian cities and it is also blown away and the fifth dome damaged. After the one of the most beautiful towns of Ukraine. It is situated at October revolution the Cathedral of Epiphany was closed the foot of Bona Hill and there is an ancient fortress on the to believers. A bread-baking factory was located in the top of it. According to some sources Kremenets fortress building. In 1960 it was decided that the Cathedral Epiph- was built in about VIII-IX century. The first memory about any and Spas church must be destroyed. Galina Orans- Kremenets was connected with the battle between Volyn- kaya, an architect from Moscow, arrived to sign the orders. ian prince Danylo Romanovych and Hungarian king in the But instead of ordering the destruction, she took up the spring of year 1227. The first written references about reconstruction of the building. Then the cathedral got the Kremenets can be found in Polish books dated 1064. status of republican worth. In 1968 the bread-baking Kremenets castle became widely-known when Khan Batyi factory was liquidated, and the restoration of the cathedral attacked the city with Mongolian hordes, however did not started. In 1994 Cathedral of Epiphany was transferred to manage to conquer it. These days the Castle Hill is a the Irkutsk diocese and soon began to conduct divine tourist site of the Kremenets State-Historic Architectural services. reserve. Thousands of people come here to admire the Last book read: И. С. Кон «80 лет одиночества» (Igor fortress walls and wonderful panorama of the city. Kon “80 years of loneliness”). Last book read: “The Unbearable Lightness of Being” by Favorite quotes by Ukrainian authors: «Нації Milan Kundera.

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Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: В своїй хаті – there are 43 rooms and 57 windows. Gable roof was своя правда, / І сила, і воля. Тарас Шевченко. Мова – covered with copper sheet. And two floors on the east втiлення думки. Що багатша думка, то багатша мова. side and five levels of the building from the west make Любiмо ïï, вивчаймо ïï, розвиваймо ïï! Борiмося за building grand and unattainable. Before the Second World красу мови, за правильнiсть мови, за приступнiсть мови, War Observatory staff evacuated the most valuable за багатство мови... Максим Рильський. Народ, що не equipment to Budapest astronomical observatory, then to знає своєї історії, є народ сліпців. Олександр Vienna, Krakow and Warsaw. In 1939 Soviets became the Довженко. new owners of the observatory. Till June 1941 meteoro- Favourite quotes by foreign author: I am not an Athe- logical observations were carried out there. Later, the nian nor a Greek, but a citizen of the world. Socrates. Germans evacuated metal parts astrografs to Lviv, where There are no facts, only interpretations. Friedrich Ni- they were stored in the physical building of the Lviv etzsche. University until recently. Later the building was aban- My favourite musical recordings: Queen – “The Show doned, and the locals have took away all goods that were Must Go On”; Океан Ельзи – “Небо над Дніпром”; representing a value, in particular, copper sheets from a Coldplay “Clocks”. dome and roof of the observatory. Nowadays, Pip Ivan observatory is one the most famous and mysterious attraction in the Carpathian Mountains and that’s probably my one of the most interesting places I’ve visited in Ukraine. Last book read: Paramhansa Yogananda «Autobiogra- phy of a Yogi”. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Хіба може говорити про біле той, котрому невідоме, що таке чорне? (Григорій Сковорода). Favourite quote by foreign author: "Liberty means responsibility. That is why most men dread it." (George Bernard Shaw). My favourite musical recording: Bob Dylan – "Like a Rolling Stone".

ZHEKA Oleksandr Born in: Yablunets, Ukraine Hometown: Kyiv, Ukraine National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was established in 1615. Faculty of Law. Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna (Lat). – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська академія вічна. – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains eternal. Foreign languages: Russian, English, Polish. 2011 Oleksii Soshenko CUPP-1995 Scholarship recipi- ent Intern to Lawrence Toet, MP for Elmwood–Transcona, Manitoba. 2012 Caisse populaire Ukrainienne de Montreal Schol- ZUBRYTSKA Iuliia arship recipient Born in: Boryslav, Lviv oblast’, Ukraine Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Pip Hometown: Drohobych, Lviv oblast’, Ukraine Ivan Observatory – an astronomic and meteorological Intern to Hon. Laurie Hawn, MP for Edmonton Centre, observatory on the Pip Ivan Mountain, is the highest Alberta. building in Ukraine, in which people were constantly living 2012 Antin Hlynka Scholarship recipient and working (2028 m above sea level). Operated between Kyiv Mohyla Academy (National University of Kyiv- 1938-1941. It is located in Verkhovyna district of Ivano- Mohyla Academy) was established in 1615. Kyiv-Mohyla Frankivsk region. Construction of the observatory began Law School. in the summer of 1936 and in July 1938 it was completed. Motto of the University: Час плинний, Києво- The thickness of the walls of this building is 1.5 meters, Могилянська академія вічна. – Time passes by. Kyiv-

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Mohyla Academy remains eternal. dera’s recognition by the Ukrainian authorities remains The Jagiellonian University (Uniwersytet Jagielloński) controversial. While Bandera’s contribution to Ukraine’s was founded in 1364. Faculty of Law and Administration struggle for independence was firmly recognized by (Wydział Prawa i Administracji). Western Ukraine’s regional and municipal governments, Motto of the University: Plus Ratio Quam Vis. – Let the Presidential Decree honoring Bandera was challenged reason prevail. by a District Court in Donetsk. Stepan Bandera’s son was Foreign languages: English, Polish, Russian, French. a founder of the newspaper "Homin Ukrayiny" (www. Outstanding landmark of architecture in Ukraine: In homin.ca) which is still published in Toronto. 2004 the monument to Stepan Bandera was erected in Last book read: "Exodus" by Leon Uris. Drohobych a city of 100,000+ inhabitants. On special Favorite quote by Ukrainian author: "І не знецінюйте occasions flowers are brought to the monument. One коштовне, не загубіться у юрбі. Не проміняйте непов- such occasion was my graduation from Drohobych Gram- торне на сто ерзаців у собі!" (Do not disparage the mar School. Stepan Bandera (1909-1959) was one of the precious; do not lose yourself in a crowd. Do not ex- leaders of OUN-UPA, which fought the invading Nazi and change what is unique in you for a hundred talons.) (Lina Communist armies. The Canadian Judicial Commission of V. Kostenko). Inquiry, chaired by Justice Jules Deschenes, after hearing Favorite quote by foreign author: "You are responsible, independent evidence, concluded that there was no forever, for what you have tamed. You are responsible for evidence of cooperation between OUN-UPA headed by your rose." (Antoine de Saint-Exupery). Bandera and the Nazis headed by Hitler. However Ban-

Celebration of Ukrainian Independence in Washington, USA. In attendance friends of CUPP as well as Kate Bondar, 2008 currently with World Bank.

22 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Ediie ABDULTAIROVA

Yeni-Kale (Crimean Tatar: Yeñi Qale) – fortress on the shore of Kerch Strait.

Yaroslav BARKOV Andrei BEZRUCHONAK

Depiction from 17th century of Kyiv Mohyla Academy. Chornobyl Sarcophagus a Soviet legacy.

Lesia BIDOCHKO Olena BONDAR

Bronze statue of Hryhoryi Skovoroda. Kamianets-Podilsky Castle.

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Iuliia BUCHAK Olha DMYTRASH

The Museum of Folk Architecture Monument of Taras and Rural Shevchenko in Life. Vynnyky (Lviv).

Iaroslav CHEKER

Castle of the Shenborns in Chinadi- yevo, Zakarpattya.

Liliia CHULITSKA

The National Museum of Ukrainian Poottery in Opishnya, Poltava region.

24 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Alona FURDA Anastasiia GRETTSEVA

University of Kyiv.

Oleksandra GASKEVYCH

The Skew Caponier – part of the New Pechersk Saint Sofia Cathedral in Kyiv. Fortress, built in 1844.

Kateryna GRYSHCHENKO Oksana KRYKUN

The Coryphaeus Theater. Synevyr Lake in Carpathian Mountains.

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Ihor ILKO

Nevytsky Castle – 12 km north of Uzhhorod.

Iurii LETS

The Horodetsky House in Kyiv.

Ustyna MYKYTYUK

The Main Train Station in Lviv. Left: The exterior of the Main Train Station. Right: The platforms as seen today.

26 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Oleksandra NIKULOVA

View on Uspensky Cave Monastery in Bakhchisaray, Ukraine from opposite side of the gorge.

Khrystyna OLIIARNYK Pavlo PEDENKO

The Monastery of Pochaiv in Ternopil oblast.

Kazantyp Highest Point – Mount Kazantyp (107 m). Roman ROMANOVSKIY

Cape Kazantyp: bird's eye view. The Khotyn Fortress on the right bank of Dnister River.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 27 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Oleksandr SHABARDIN Olena SHAPOVAL

The Maidan Nezalezhnosti in Kyiv. Princess Yaroslavna Monument in Putivi, Sum region.

Giorgi SHIUKASHVILI Olya SHUDRAK

The or the Monastery of the Caves.

Lesia SHYSHKO

Tbilisi Sulfuric Baths. Odesa's Opera Theatre built in 1887.

28 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Maryna Ana TSITSAGI SMOLYAK

The Swallow's Nest Castle on the Crimean peninsula.

Ganna TSELIKOVSKA

Cave-palace-monastery with underground halls in the Dniprodzerzhynsk St. Nicolas' Church. solid rock in the Caucasus.

Roman TYCHKIVSKYY

The National Reserve "Ancient Halych" in Opillya.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 29 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Andrei ZAVIALOV Alisa ZAVIALOVA

Cathedral of Epiphany in Irkutsk, Russia. The ruins of Bona's Castle in Kremenets.

Oleksandr ZHEKA Iuliia ZUBRYTSKA

View on the observatory on the top of Pip Ivan Mountain (2026 m).

Observatory in winter. The Monument of Stepan Bandera in Drohobych – erected in 2004.

30 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

"Не потоком шумних і галасливих фраз, а тихою невтомною працею любіть Україну!" (А. Шептицький)

"Today we must strive to educate an elite. To seek out able youth who have the wisdom to see the larger picture, and to support them and give them the opportunity to see the world – in order that they learn to compare and bring back home that which is best. That is what the Japanese learned in the last century. At that time, Japan was somewhat distant, a closed unto itself country which was halted in the development. And the Japanese leadership began to send its students out into the world – so they could experience the best of the world and bring it home. As a result of this policy, in the course of two generations Japan was transformed into a leading country. In other words the Japanese leadership acted wisely and in this way saved the country. And we, I believe, are not short of wise individuals – possibly, they do not hold positions of power, but they can educate other." (Archbishop Major Lubomyr Husar)

Why We Don't Like Ukraine Missing the empire is not just missing the territory; it's missing the history by Andrey ZORIN Professor of Russian History, Oxford University Republished with permission.

Arguments over the Empire them. And you always have to make hood is an irreversible reality. This is a There is a new New Year's lark in up for it in the New Year. The regular- painful process and it has certain Russia. In the last weeks of the old ity of those attacks and the broad pub- characteristic complexes associated year, it assails Ukraine over Cape Tu- lic support they received rule out the with it, such as a separation complex zla, which no one had ever heard of possibility that it was all just some- and infantile resentment. One of the before. We tried to make them ob- one's incompetence or greed. The reasons for this reaction is that the im- serve falsified election results and causes lie deeper. perial syndrome is rooted in the un- were sincerely nonplussed at their un- It seems that the Russian public, derstanding of history that has reigned willingness to do so. We nearly quin- right up to its political elite, is begin- supreme in our national conscious- tupled the price of natural gas for ning to realize that Ukraine's state- ness for the last 200 years.

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New Country, Old History It is not quite as bad to speak of pendence only at the beginning of the When Peter I turned the state he the Russian Empire as the successor 20th century. Relations between the ruled upside down, he was convinced of the Kingdom of Muscovy. Here three states are simple and calm to- that he was creating a completely new there was a dynastic and religious uni- day, and their geographical, cultural power. However, hi successors, still in ty. Between the Romanov Empire and and linguistic ties are underpinned by the 18th century, felt the need to prop the USSR it is impossible to see any a multitude of successfully functioning up their legitimacy with their ancient connection. A state that changes its institutions. And this is in spite of the origin and they began to propagate capital, symbols, borders, state reli- fact that refused to join the the myth of the single chain of historic gion, political system and name be- EU and did not join NATO. succession that connected Kievan comes another state. And the imperial past has not pre- Rus with the Moscow kingdom and the Of course, if some form of the vented Russia from building adequate St. Petersburg Empire. Karamzin's state from the past s close to our relations with Finland. History of the Russian State gave he heart, we can declare ourselves its Looking at the history of national Romanov pretensions canonicity. A successor. At various stages of histo- statehood as a chain of direct succes- quarter of a millennium of history, from ry, various Russian states traced their sion uniting a mythic past with the the fall of Kiev to the Standoff on the genealogy to ancient Rome, Byzan- present, we almost unavoidably exag- Ugra, was written off as Tatar and tium, classical Greece, Germanic gerate our own place in it. The King- Lithuanian-Polish occupation. Some tribes and even, as we recall from So- dom of Muscovy was enthralled with modern ideologues try to do approxi- viet textbooks, Urartu. that conceit, seeing itself as the Third mately the same thing with the Soviet There is nothing wrong with that. Rome and, maybe to a slightly lesser period. But it is a good idea to keep in mind extent, so was the Russian Empire After October 1917, the Bolshe- that our neighbors have rights of in- and, in hyperbolic proportions, the So- viks themselves tried to begin a "new heritance as well. They love to recall viet Union. The price for such ambi- era" with a clean slate. But soon the etymological meaning of "Ukraine" tions was huge every time. enough Stalin restored the traditional ("on the edge") in Russia today. But historical mythology, setting the USSR the question of who is on the edge and The entire Article in Russian as of on the timeline of Russian history – who is in the center of Rus is all and Jan. 25, 2006 from Kievan Rus to the Land of the only a matter of where you are looking http://www.kommersant.com/page. Soviets. The founding fathers of the from. About a year before the Orange asp?idr=527&id=643367 Russian Federation do not even try to Revolution, a Kiev taxi driver, an ar- portray themselves as founders of a dent fan of Yushchenko, told me that new state. They prefer to play the role he felt that he was more Russian than of princes, kings, emperors and gen- people who live in the Urals. eral secretaries all at the same time. The result is that today Russian citi- The Burden of Conceit zens are convinced that they are the Unfortunately, these are not ab- direct and sole bearers of a thousand- stract considerations. In the con- year-old tradition, a powerful shoot sciousness of the modern Russian, surrounded on all sides by dried up Ukraine is increasingly taking the branches. place of as the unfaithful broth- er, betraying its Slavic origins for the Rights of Inheritance West. We see what that perception There have been many Russian has led to in Russian-Polish relations. states and each one of them had its The past is not primogeniture passing own history, and not one of them fol- to the single lawful heir. It is a sym- lowed another directly. Great bolic resource that everyone can use Novgorod, the , the when they need it. It cannot be mo- Great Principality of (other- nopolized, and attempts to do so can wise known as Lithuanian Rus) were be ruinous. all Russian states, and there were Fortunately for states and peo- Tom Zapletal and Olya Shudrak, many more. Moscow was no more the ples, there is another way. Norway chairpersons of Masaryk University's successor of Kiev than Vilna or Ka- was first a province of Denmark, and (Brno, Czech Republic), Model United zan. then of Sweden, and obtained its inde- Nations Security Council Meeting.

32 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

The Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies (IERES) at the Elliott School of International Affairs and The Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program (CUPP), the Chair of Ukrainian Studies Foundation and Katedra Foundation are pleased to invite you to: Washington MODEL UKRAINE Conference "The Identity, Rights and Responsibilities of a Ukrainian Citizen Today and Elections, Politics, History and Culture in a Renewed Ukraine"

The aim of the Conference is to discuss and develop a model for Ukrainian development as envisioned by young people who are eager to contribute to the future of the country. Among them are alumni of the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program (an internship program in the Canadian House of Commons) who have completed an internship within the period from 1991 to 2009 and earned a graduate degree at a Western university. These alumni will discuss current issues in Ukrainian domestic and foreign policy and possible methods for development in Ukraine, focusing on the identity, rights and responsibilities of an individual in a model Ukraine. The conference will also cover several other timely issues, including the ongoing Presidential election in Ukraine, foreign aid to Ukraine, political alienation in Ukraine and Ukrainian identity.

Friday, February 12 and Saturday, February 13, 2010 Lindner Family Commons, Room 602 1957 E Street, NW Please RSVP to [email protected] by Wednesday, February 10.

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Is Ukraine's Youth Plunging Into Deep Career Individualism?

Evhenia VIATCHANINOVA CUPP Intern 2009 & CUPP Coordinator 2010 2009 Vasyl & Antonina Bazylewych Scholarship recipient 2010 Senator Tkachuk Scholarship recipient Intern to Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism Hon. Jason Kenney Public Diplomacy Candidate 2013, Syracuse University, USA Fulbright Foreign Student Program US election 2009 has become un- wards. "My personal belief that some- versity students who account for 6% precedented not only because of thing may get better has decreased to of the population are mainly concen- the victory of Barack Obama, the a 'zero' point. Our politicians will never trated in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Lviv re- first man of color to be elected cease to tear apart and divide up the gions: all three geographically and President. It has been the first time bearskin before the bear is shot," Ru- ideologically diverse parts of the coun- in years, when college students diak speaks allegories about politi- try. According to the most recent De- partook en masse in political cam- cians' zeal to power. cember poll by Kharkiv-based New paigning on university and college Year of 2009 proclaimed 'the Year Image Marketing Group, the capital is campuses and Internet social net- of Youth' is nearly gone, and the gov- in favor of Tymoshenko, Yatseniuk works, thus contributing to the suc- ernment did nothing to stir young and Tyhipko, the latter two specifically cess of the Democratic nominee. Ukrainians' interest in politics, arisen aiming for the share of "young" votes On the day of election, the turnout at the post-revolution stage. On the with their "pro-change" and "pro-re- among people aged 18-29 reached contrary, it seems everything possible form" campaigns. Lviv residents and 51%, unseen in the Bush era. This has been made to keep youth passive Western Ukraine are going to vote for percentage sustained by the in- and uneducated in a civic sense. In Tymoshenko and Yatseniuk, while creasing number of other underrep- particular, the government removed Kharkiv and South-Eastern parts of resented demographic groups the obligatory course of political sci- the country are most supportive of Ya- (such as women and people of col- ence off curricula of all higher educa- nukovych, whose headquarters in or) ultimately ensured Obama`s tion institutions, implications of which Donetsk are especially active at re- presidency. will be disastrous, claims Yuriy Shay- cruiting young people to campaign for Unlike U.S., Ukrainian students horodskyi, President of Ukrainian Cen- the leader of the opposition. seem to be politically active as long ter for Political Management. "The The short-cut election campaign as they are getting at least some- current level of political culture is very and a long-term flu quarantine stirred what remunerated – researchers low, which eliminates any ideological creativity in young people, which the claim. Frozen to death, yet enthusi- content for youth participating in poli- Party of the Regions has taken a big- astic about their country's future, tics. The judgement calls they make ger advantage of, if compared to other today's Maidan activists unleash are emotional rather than objective. If political forces. Olha Aivazovska, their frustration with domestic poli- the young voters do not turn out at the Head of Civil network OPORA: "Yanu- tics, and are often reluctant to even elections, it will, first of all, affect the kovych campaign grants more free- cast their vote. generation of the so-called 'young pol- dom to foster youth creativity offering 'Apathy' is a key word, Natalia Ru- iticians' they emotionally lean to, in many local events, such as: motor ral- diak explains, why she would observe contrast to Tymoshenko, Yanukovych, lies." the presidential elections on the TV and other 'old' politicians they disasso- Even though Tymoshenko man- rather than go vote. Staunch Orange ciate themselves from." aged to recruit nearly all of the Ukrai- revolution supporters in the past, the Although no research has been nian celebrities for her "With Ukraine marketing student of Kyiv Economics conducted to evaluate electoral pref- in heart" music movement, unlike Ya- University and her family, small drug- erences of Ukrainian youth, KyivPost nukovych, the Prime-minister will not store owners from Western Ukraine, compared the demographic data and be able to lure many young people`s strongly disapprove of the authoritari- electoral preferences in various parts votes. "This particular form of cam- an direction the country is drifting to- of Ukraine. These data show that uni- paigning is not effective under current

34 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade circumstances. It would be effective, if make a change, their Russian peers unlikely to possess one under the people were at least somewhat satis- are totally oblivious of the civil rights Medvedev-Putin tandem rule. In this fied with their lives and were expect- granted by the Constitution. "They regard, it is high time young Ukraini- ing their lives to gradually change for have plunged in 'deep career individu- ans ask themselves: will they enjoy better. Today, a lot of people realize alism'," says Irina Khakamada. An ex- more rights and opportunities to influ- that not all of those artists are agitating politician representing official opposi- ence the life of their country, if they for Tymoshenko right from the heart," tion to and now radio stay coach potatoes and watch the says Shayhorodskyi. anchor and writer, Khakamada admits elections the older generations will If young Ukrainians are less con- that young people in Russia do not make a decision about? scientious of how to use their power to have any political positioning and are

Implication of the Fact that a Significant Number of Ukraine's Population do not Consider Themselves Ukrainian Either in the National or Civic Sense

Pavlo SHOPIN CUPP 2006, 2008 Walter Tarnopolsky Scholarship recipient, Mazurenko Family Scholarship recipient MP: Michael Ignatieff, Ontario (Etobicoke–Lakeshore) MP: Andrew Telegdi, Ontario (Kitchener–Waterloo) B.A. and M.A. in English from Taras Shevchenko National University of Luhansk in 2008 Fulbright Visiting Researcher at UC Berkeley in 2009-2010 Internt in the German Bundestag in 2011 M.Phil. in European Literature and Culture at the University of Cambridge

The Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary lenges have appeared. Now the Ukrai- amount of time in a small room trying Program Washington "Model Ukraine" nian language is being ridiculed by to answer all those numerous queries. Conference, which took place at the Prime-Minister, and Minister Tabach- One of the older ladies was having George Washington University on nyk's Ukrainophobia is an outrageous trouble with the question about identi- Feb. 12-14, 2010, was a perfect op- disgrace for Ukraine. ty, a foreign word to any Ukrainian, as portunity for CUPP Alumni to discuss Recently I have been to the Con- you may probably know. She did not their vision of Ukraine and see if they sulate General of Ukraine in San Fran- hesitate to ask a young man beside can arrive at common goals and val- cisco to cast my vote in the first round her, "What is "identychnist" [identity]?" ues which could be shared by every of the Presidential Election, and no- "Well, being identical, being similar, I Ukrainian. I am very grateful to Mr. ticed two things. I saw that all the elec- think." "You know, that's what makes Ihor Bardyn, Director of the Program, tion committee members were wear- you Ukrainian," another helpful Ukrai- and all the organizers of the confer- ing traditional Ukrainian shirts and nian prompted. The CUPP Alumni ence and believe that the meeting was not surprised at all. But when I gathered to try to find an answer to a there was both rewarding and useful left the Consulate, I wondered if Ger- similar question and I hope that we for all the participants. Here I present mans would wear their Trachten for have achieved at least an under- my address to the participants of the the same occasion. standing of the initial (or ultimate?) Washington Conference. Sadly, the Secondly, people who came to question and will work towards further problems discussed in this paper have vote were asked to complete a ques- interpretation of what it means to be been only exacerbated by the current tionnaire compiled at Oxford Universi- Ukrainian. I would like to believe that government, and many more chal- ty and we spent a considerable our generation of Ukrainians, having

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 35 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER experienced the governance, civil so- 2009 World Chess Cup Sergey was ic sense. For me a Ukrainian is some- ciety, education abroad and the reality asked how the Ukrainian side let him one who lives in Ukraine because be- of life in Ukraine can work towards de- go and here is what he said, "My col- ing Ukrainian in a civic sense is what veloping a better if not new Commons leagues understood my decision. We makes a society. Ukrainian national- and Commonweal for Ukraine. still have very good relations. As for ists claim that a lot of Ukrainians are In my paper I would like to pres- the chess authorities of the Ukrainian not real Ukrainians. These "fake" ent some of my deliberations on why Chess Federation, they were indiffer- Ukrainians do not speak Ukrainian many Ukrainians do not have the iden- ent to my change of citizenship. They and live in the "imaginary" internation- tity we expect them to have and what did not truly support us in Ukraine: no al post-Soviet world. I must admit that it means not to identify with "typical coaches, no help. That is why I left". I belong to this group of "fake" Ukraini- Ukrainians", living in Ukraine. What he also said was, "A lot of my ans. Oleksandr Kramarenko calls us At the very outset of this short relatives are and they live in "пануючий в нашій країні внаслідок presentation, I would like to state that Russia. I have just come back home тяжкої хвороби українців інтерна­ for me the national and civic senses of and I don't consider it to be a radical ціонал" ("as a result of a grave dis- being Ukrainian are the same. If you change". Some nationalists may say ease of Ukrainians a ruling internatio- are a citizen of Ukraine, you are Ukrai- "Good riddance!" but I absolutely dis- nale") (Kramarenko 2009). He also nian. Ukrainian citizenship is what de- agree with them and this difference of calls us a minority and he is mistaken. fines me as a Ukrainian in the modern opinion is crucial. If to paraphrase Mi- It is the Ukrainian nationalists who are sense. I speak Russian as my native chael Ignatieff, current leader of the a marginal minority. Nationalists are language, celebrate the Victory in Eu- Liberal Party in Canada, "I believe that "Schwarzfahrer" (remember the Os- rope Day, denounce heroization of a Ukrainian is a Ukrainian, is a Ukrai- car winning German short film) on the Stepan Bandera and Roman Shukhe­ nian, is a Ukrainian". Every citizen of Ukrainian tram but they manage to vych and still feel Ukrainian. It is quite Ukraine has equal rights and should make a lot of Ukrainians feel uncom- natural. However, the attempts to be equally important for the state and fortable and doubt whether we are make me and millions of Ukrainians even more so for the whole society. Ukrainians. feel not Ukrainian, feel alienated from We all know about Ukrainians, Looking back at the question the state have not been in vain. Many leaving their country to seek better fu- which I have to address I can see that Ukrainians do not consider themselves ture. Millions of Ukrainians have left a lot of Ukrainians do not consider Ukrainian because of the economic Ukraine since the independence. themselves being Ukrainian in the and social conditions in Ukraine. It is Why? This is the question I will try to sense worked out by a nationalistic legitimate to posit an important ques- answer in a nutshell. During my sec- minority. The idea of a mono-ethnic tion, "What are the implications of the ond visit to Canada, I learnt from my state seemed to prevail during the fact that a lot of Ukrainians do not con- hosts that they "defected" to Canada presidency of . sider themselves Ukrainian?" because as Ukrainians they did not Consequently, a lot of Ukrainians did Let me start with a salient exam- feel comfortable in Poland. However, I not feel "Ukrainian" in the sense the ple. Having spent several months on did not see any prejudice towards the President wanted to promote. As a re- my own abroad, I understood a lot on their side. They had Polish sult, the President lost like no one had about my being Ukrainian and also friends and never actually mentioned lost before him. It was poetic justice. grew addicted to chess, playing it on- any hardships they faced in Poland. The vast majority of Ukrainians do not line with my brother and discussing They expressed long-nourished ha- consider themselves to be victims of every move in the Skype. No matter tred towards Russia but no animosity the and they do not have what you think of chess, the game is to Poland. Some of my relatives left any ill feelings towards Russia. The popular in Europe and all over the Ukraine for Russia and to do so they President failed to understand this. world. There are prestigious chess also had to tell the Russian authorities A lot of Ukrainians are led to be- tournaments in the EU, Russia and that they "felt uncomfortable" in lieve that being "really" Ukrainian China. Last year a Ukrainian grand- Ukraine. They still plan to return to means being xenophobic and nation- master Sergey Karjakin "defected" to Ukraine some day but right now it alistic. These Ukrainians do not wel- Russia. This 19-year-old prodigy holds makes no sense to them because ec- come the decorations of Stepan Ban- the record for the youngest grandmas- onomically Ukraine is a worse place to dera and Roman Shukhevych and feel ter in history, achieving the title at the live in. These people consider them- that Ukraine has become a hostile age of twelve years and seven months. selves Ukrainian, but they may not land to them. There are numerous im- Now he lives in Moscow and at the come back and be Ukrainians in a civ- plications of this state of affairs in

36 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Ukraine but I will mention only several grounds when defining one’s identity. concept has failed with President of those. But in my view, the Ukrainian citizen- Yushchenko's loss and future cultural Firstly, these Ukrainians may ship is to unite a great abundance of politics of the state will take into ac- leave the country for good. Ukraine various mentalities which constantly count the view of a majority of Ukraini- has lost millions of people but the rea- interact and form the new concept of a ans. The majority of Ukrainians will son may appear to be different. The Ukrainian, create the new cultural fac- decide the future of the state and ev- majority of Ukrainians left Ukraine be- ets of being Ukrainian. Otherwise, a ery minority should be well-integrated cause they could not live a decent life lot of Ukrainians will not feel at home into Ukrainian society to feel an inte- here. It means they saw that they and what we can see today is that a gral part of it. were let down in a civic sense, they vocal nationalistic minority manages In conclusion, the gruesome fact were let down as Ukrainians by Ukrai- to impose ideas not accepted by the that a significant number of Ukrainians nians. Thus, the social-economic is- majority of Ukrainians. do not consider themselves Ukrainian sues need to be addressed by the There is no way back to the rustic either in a national or civic sense is whole society and every individual charm of traditional Ukrainian culture not arbitrary and the implications of it should be involved. These issues in- and identity. The Ukrainian "Bourbon are not mere trifles that can be ig- clude both living wages and the lan- Restoration" is not possible. Ukraine nored. It is common sense that neither guage you speak, and they constitute is not a mono-ethnic nation and every the language nor the traditional shirt social life of an ordinary Ukrainian. citizen of Ukraine is Ukrainian in the defines the Ukrainian citizenship. Citi- It is clear that Ukrainians who do most authentic sense. Ukrainians are zens of Ukraine have the right to live not consider themselves Ukrainian are a tolerant, multicultural, multilingual, in a democratic country where the in opposition to any government in well-educated society and we cannot principles of tolerance and multicultur- Ukraine. These Ukrainians play a go back to the days of serfdom, illiter- alism can be acted upon and they powerful destructive role in the state acy and "enlightened" elites. This does should demand recognition as Ukraini- politics. Their aim is to express their not mean we have to forsake our ans in every conceivable sense. discontent but the more alienated they past. References are from Ukraine the more counter- Ukraine is in the midst of a pro- Kramarenko, Oleksandr. 2009. 'Tak zhiti productive their political activism is. found transformation and much recon- ne mozhna', Maidan Website, 11 Decem- These Ukrainians also become ciliation and understanding of each ber [accessed 10 May Ukraine, which gives way to passivity as possible. Ukrainians are plagued 2012] and indifference in their attitude to- by the wild capitalist globalization. The wards the Ukrainian politics. I believe Ukrainian oligarchs decide our future, that passivity and indifference are the plundering the country. The Ukrainian worst symptoms of civic alienation in identity is not worth much in this soci- Ukraine. ety. Ukrainians have become obsequi- Finally, being not part of the Ukrai- ous consumers and the trends are nian society leads these Ukrainians to alarming. However, these challenges misery and unhappiness. Homeless at cannot be met by the obsolete world- home, they refuse to see the light at view. On the terrains of Ukraine there the end of the tunnel and turn back to is to be created a strong nation which the Soviet past. The unhappy con- can survive the capitalist progress. sciousness leads to such extremes as There are crucial premises, such as protests or apathy. the independence, unique ideas and It could be presumed that citizen- walks of life for the process to com- ship is what unites all Ukrainians. mence. We shall perceive that and toil Moreover, the Ukrainian citizenship is to develop and nurture unifying ten- evidently a liaison opportunity for most dencies rather than provoke protests of us due to the immense diversity of and confrontation. It is our common cultures, beliefs, attitudes, lifestyles, responsibility to find ways for mutual views etc. It is overt that such an as- understanding when all Ukrainians will sumption may seem diabolical for feel at home. Hopefully, the current Roman Tychkivskyy CUPP 2012 those who prefer cultural and political monopolization of the national identity at EURO 2012 Fan-Zone, Kyiv.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 37 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Etude About Post-crisis Ukraine: Seven Main Challenges – Opportunities

Lyubomyr REGUSH University of Antwerp, M.A. in Economics of International Trude and European Integration Staffordsire University, UK Ukrainian State University of Finance and International Trade

The aim of this article is to analyse the current path. tiatives support by majority of popula- current transformation processes In this article I present the analy- tion). Although due to the impact of within Ukrainian socio-political envi- sis of the challenges that were bringed the global economic downturn, politi- ronment and civil society evolution in up by the crisis towards different seg- cians had been able to link the terms of globalisation and current de- ments of social life accompanied with Yuschenko's liberalism to the crisis lays in the economic recovery or risk the new opportunities Ukraine can ex- spillowers; the current Yanukovych's of new depression impact. plore and exercise as the results of reforms approach is actually based on There is no country or even family real reformative approach. the image of the strong President who unaffected by the recent Global eco- has to rule the country to stabilise the nomic recession. A lot of economists Challenge 1: democracy – centrali- situation (public call for increasing ef- had been forecasted absolutely mod- sation – civil society ficiency; he is the symbol of power for est and relatively manageable impact One of the noteworthy features of population) instead of letting market of it on Ukrainian economy (and espe- the recent crisis outcome was the high economy to maintain itself by allowing cially standards of life) as by its origin pressure on business to monopolise it economic agents to run the business it has been financial and stock market under the umbrella of the strongest freely. This recent governmental cen- crisis (so called 'artificial crisis'). They enterpreneurs/holdings and actually tralisation proved that the strong politi- had explained it by not much involve- the current government stakeholders. cal opposition can't exist under the ment of Ukrainian business in to the It is seen as the efficient 'natural se- model (repressions, corruption as well global financial markets and much lection' approach in management by as legislation which is not working are lower securitisation (relatively minia- using all the possible legislative tools the preventive measures to remain ture stock market) comparing to the and barriers to entry/exit business in- this strong government status). Under other developed countries. There stead of liberalisation and search for these circumstances medium busi- were arguments on possible reper- the most efficient management model ness (the potential source of liberalism cussion effects, but some views were and flexibilities. To obtain those, the approach in the country) is experienc- rather optimistic that this will force do- political groups manipulate on the so- ing high pressure. The weak political mestic sectors growth and innova- cial disagreements being the incredi- opposition is not really enough to have tions, especially in case of Ukrainian bly generous in their promises about the democracy working; the strong op- post-election liberal approach to re- reforms, employment etc; voters are position can't exist by its definition. In- forms. mislead with their hope about new so- dependent media and civil society in- The real economic performance cial consensus. During these periods stitutions (including demonstrations, gave us the evidence to state that there is a huge social necessity of initiatives and feedback to legislations Ukraine is in the list of economies avoiding autocracy on the top of state etc) are the real keys to prevent au- which suffered from the crisis the machine or anarchy at the local level. tocracy at the top and anarchy at the most, when reforms were largerly af- This is vitally important for the coun- local level of government. Only through fected by corruption: after the eco- tries on transition or where the politi- their activities society can control effi- nomic downturn caused by transition cal culture of population can be char- ciency of authorities' service prevent- in 90s (analogical to the post-war out- acterised as marginal. ing from too much discretion and elim- put gap), the country ended up in the Liberalism and free-market propo- ination of opposition from political life; Great Depression linked to the last nents politicians were highly popular protection of human rights; values and years of Orange government and on the stage of rapid growth and when interests of minority, call for true anti- manual economy governing on the the economy was booming (victory of corruption measures. The opportunity Yuschenko in 2004 and his policy ini-

38 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade here lies in the permanent control of mance. At the same time, crisis condi- new 'working places for tomorrow' the society for the public institutions, tions entail itself tough preconditions (and not just welfare redistribution). increasing call for government effi- on running business, which affect Investments into infrastructure im- ciency; local elites to impact the na- higher business sustainability and provement and public jobs creation in tional policy for the efficiency improve- flexibility of entrepreneurs operations. labour-intensive sectors may be con- ment; to demand new governmental Hence, economy becomes more inno- sidered as the possible clever solu- solutions, liberal legislation, evaluation vative in its solutions and more com- tion, which may be really beneficial of policy and monitoring special niche petitive goods are supplied to the during the upcoming economic turn- for civil society. world markets. around.

Challenge 2: Economic liber- Challenge 3: Long term loans Challenge 4: Economy of the fu- alism and openness vs. tendency (IMF, VTB, Gazprom etc), employ- ture and science clusters for control and monopolization ment and infrastructural invest- Companies need to run for and Ukraine accession to the WTO ments implement innovations and other pos- was really a long process, which last- Global economic recession and sible technological improvements to ed about 10 years and was finished reductions in the number of actual be competitive on the world market just before global economic recession transactions, negative trade balance and keep the leading position on do- occurrence. Some economists argue for the last several years, increase in mestic one. The Universities and labo- that it was really very bad timing for the price level of energy resources ratories are the place for the discover- the accession. as the importation of were in the list of unfavourable eco- ies to be invented and projected. Busi- cheap products had a negative impact nomic changes, which Ukrainian econ- ness shall link to the academies and on employment in Ukraine; and some omy suffered the most. In order to research has to become more practi- businesses closed down because of avoid possible default, Ukraine was in cal and real life applicable: it is time the new wave of competition. A lot of the list of first countries, which claimed for switch from theories-based school discussion was devoted to the neces- to IMF for a long term tranche as the to the 'millions of case-studies'. These sity of re-establishing domestic market possible restoration measure. It was types of clusters are possible only protection measures, some temporar- really helpful for proceeding with pay- through permanent producer-inventor ily instruments were put in place. Dur- ments in time for supplied energy re- association and mediation role of the ing this period many small and medi- courses from Russia and this in turn state (changing of educational pro- um firms went under administration helped to save some working places grams and objectives, main focus on and there were some evidence to con- into some highly energy – intensive research at the universities). Crisis clude about steadily sector's monopo- goods sectors (stimulus measure). phase is the good time for high school lisation by 'national champions’ (be- However, this was done only by reform, investment into education and cause of stronger lobby sometimes). 'loaning from the future' and probably science. Probably this is correct area As always devil here is in details: was kind of short-sighted policy on for deeper integration into world econ- competition boost the efficiency funds accommodation. It helped to omy and cooperation with the leading growth and reduction in the price lev- save some working places into the schools in developed countries and el; but during recession periods we sectors which are not the most com- this is the key for the 'industries of the care about employment either. Hence, petitive quite likely and highly depen- future'. it makes sense to implement some dent on energy-recourses (thus, it was This period is also a great chance stimulus packages for small and me- stimulus for foreign economies) and it for financial and stock market devel- dium business (governmental guaran- was not oriented towards the inter- opment, investment climate improve- tees, credit resources, tax allowanc- structural changes and reemployment ments by liberalisation. By the time, es), but at the same time do not step into the sectors, which are more la- when new paradigm of financial mar- away from accepted WTO rules. At bour-intensive or where Ukraine is ket is going to be created, Ukrainian this point special attention has to be abundant in factors of production. Un- companies may adopt the most pio- paid to the role of anti-trust authority, der these circumstances, new debt neer financial instruments and hence standardisation agency and audit was the only short-time survival kid, force up the growth of the other sec- chamber, which for the best practise but definitely it was not the most effi- tors of economy. has to be under the leadership of the cient way for injections to the econo- my. The opportunity here is not here Challenge 5: Eurointegration and opposition representatives to control multivectoral diplomacy and influence governmental perfor- so much about ability taking 'loans from the future', but also in creation The discussion on the EU expan-

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 39 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER sion is not really in place and econom- supporter of true liberal reforms within mind-blowing impact on the social val- ic crisis is one of the reasons for it. At a country. ues and ways of public preferences the same time there are few different allocation. There was a dramatic de- dimensions of the integration and suc- Challenge 6: Security and defence parture from the society of consumers cess on each integration layer may Collective defence agreement on (based on easy access for credit funds bring partners closer to each other on NATO was founded for protection of and loans), to the reconsideration of the different level of 'marble cake'. its members from different kind of demand for necessary (and less luxu- There are plenty of issues where inte- threats with the costs reduction for it ry) goods, demand for public products gration processes may move on and (including economic security at the era such as an infrastructure. On the oth- there are still not so many clear an- of globalism, conflicting interests, and er hand, there was a change in the at- swers about political will to go further limited access to the natural resourc- titude to work: people start to care with it. The agreement on free-trade es). Hence, discussion about Ukraine's about their jobs and there is less room and association with the EU (which is participation in the military alliance for shirking; a lot of people use their going to be signed soon) can be the gets new wave of support (naval forc- free time for improving their skills and real step forward in political and eco- es are imperfectly equipped, under- invest in their education (actually, it is nomic cooperation; the bilateral rela- funded, insufficiently competitive). At the way to raise labour skills and pro- tions on the issues of migration and the same time, there are political costs ductivity, appreciate good working en- intra-sectoral cooperation may also which country needs to pay of in case vironment). Workers' savings are the develop further after on. Although po- of such participation: cooperation with excellent potential source of infra- litical association with a West is rather the other countries, contributions to structural investment in the future and important here. the alliance activity etc. Therefore the the way for economic recovery. The Closer economic cooperation and opportunity here is in the closer mili- growing group of very rich people may institutional collaboration development tary cooperation and common train- also be a good source of reinvest- may be among the factors, which will ings with both NATO and other neigh- ments to Ukrainian economy in case speed up the economic recovery, bours military forces, which can be of proven liberalism, country with the broad intercultural dialogue. Accep- crucial for the euroatlantic integration observed European future, which has tance of EU-styled norms and rules in the future and saving good-ties of reobtained its European identity, be- can be also a good sign of stability and cooperation with the other partners lief in its social and economic capabili- quality for the other partners, it may (which is definitely conflicts avoiding ty during Euro 2012. The opportunity also open new windows for mutual co- and risk reducing foreign policy). here lies in the new social compro- operation on issues (e.g. environment, Challenge 7: Socio-cultural chang- mise, oriented towards transformation energy etc), joint projects. Thus, es of population values to the new knowledge-based econo- Ukraine has to position itself as the re- Crisis and Euro 2012 have really my. liable partner, initiatives maker and In conclusion, I need to underline that 7 main challenges-opportunities are crucial for the roadmap of Ukraini- an future. The way government and society respond to them will affect the niche Ukraine obtains in the interna- tional division of labour, global mar- kets, new world order. Current eco- nomic s is the great opportunity for Ukraine to make the necessary re- forms, adopt the innovations and set up the background for the prosperous European-oriented future. There is no issue about crisis-management style and personalities in charge; there is a subject of public choice and new so- cial compromise, which can be delib- erated as the Ukrainian Dream and 2010 Interns Solomiya Borshosh (Lviv), Stacy Tsarkova (Kyiv), everyone's desire to improve. Liliia Ibadova (Kharkiv).

40 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

20th THE CHAIR OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES year of CUPP

The Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program (CUPP), the Chair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Ottawa, Katedra Foundation and CUSF

are pleased to invite you to:

Ottawa MODEL UKRAINE Conference: The Politics of Education and Elections in Ukraine

November 12 & 13, 2010 Desmarais Hall, Room 12102 (12th Floor) 55 Laurier Ave East, University of Ottawa campus

Public lecture, in english. Free Admission. PleAse register, As seAting is limited.

CHAIR OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES Please RSVP to < [email protected] > before Wednesday, November 10, 2010. 613 562-5800 ext. 3692

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 41 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program Presentation Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 12 November 2010 Wither the Bologna Process: The Coming Educational Crisis in Ukraine

Phylissa D. MITCHELL Fulbright Scholar, Ukraine, 2008-10 University of Richmond, Virginia, USA

PHYLISSA MITCHELL BIO Phylissa D. Mitchell received a Fulbright grant in law in 2008 to teach at the Institute of Journalism at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Her grant was renewed for an additional nine months in 2009. Thought based at the Institute, she traveled ex- tensively throughout Ukraine, attending conferences and lecturing in American First Amendment law, international press law and journalism skills in Simferopol, Alushta, Odessa, Sumy, Kharkiv, Lviv and Zaphorzia. She has spent the last year writing a cre- ative nonfiction travelogue/memoir comparative analysis of the American and Ukrainian civil rights movements. Mitchell is native of the state of Virginia. She graduated from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville with a Bachelor's of Arts in Religious Studies and a minor in Government. She received a J.D. from the Washington & Lee University School of Law in Lexington, Va. Mitchell has taught journalism at Washington & Lee, West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Va., and the University of Richmond. She has joined the faculty of Missouri State University in Springfield, Missouri teaching broadcast journalism and First Amendment law.

If you have ever seen or been in Taras Shevchenko University con- ucation. For the most part, students an automobile accident then you are veyed the two years that I taught at were content with the changes. What probably familiar with the injury known the Institute of Journalism. they were disgruntled about was the as "whiplash." Whiplash, according to In the , we would process of changing from the old sys- the internationally renowned Mayo say that students felt "jerked around." tem to what's now become the old Clinic, is "a neck injury that can oc- One student wrote, "Seismic "new" system. cur... when your head suddenly moves changes to a sensitive area like edu- Let's think what about what one of backward and then forward – similar cation ought to be slow, careful and those students said about slow, care- to the motion of someone cracking a incremental. But that's not how our ful and incremental change. The stu- whip. These extreme motions push politicians approached it." Another dent meant the human need for stabil- your neck muscles and ligaments be- student was in the third year of sec- ity, of consistency: of knowing with yond their normal range of motion." ondary school when the Bologna pro- some degree of certainty that when Whiplash can sometimes cause a cess was implemented. That student you wake up in the morning your life concussion, when the brain bumps said, "Grading became very confusing will not be significantly different than it around inside the skill and disrupts because no one could explain it. All was the day before... unless you brain function, according to the United students passed exams whether they choose to change it. States Centers for Disease Control. had studied during the semester or It's axiomatic that we humans Perhaps you are thinking: how not. The overall quality of students de- thrive in stable environments. This is very interesting, but how does this tu- creased." Other students reported why we become educated, find mates, torial in neurology relate to education problems with grades, graduation and create homes, have children. As par- reform in Ukraine? the ability to study abroad. ents we do everything in our power to It does not. But in my academic Those students were talking about ensure our children's safety. Films, disciplines, law, and journalism, we the Bologna System and it's important television dramas and mystery novels teach by analogy. Analogous to that to note what they were not complain- are rife with tales of adult psychopaths physical sensation of a head being ing about. They were not bemoaning with chaotic, deeply flawed child- suddenly moved "backward and for- standardized testing. They were not hoods. The entertainment industry is ward – similar to the motion of some- testy about an additional year in sec- absolutely right about that. The re- one cracking a whip" is the psycho- ondary school. They were not criticiz- searcher in child psychology, Naomi logical sensation some students at ing the promise of equal access to ed- Burgess (1998), found that adults who

42 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade perceive themselves as psychologi- deep cynicism. They often said they many African-Americans in the late cally healthy reported that their child- did not think they were learning what 1960s and early 1970s (and I certainly hoods were spent in stable families in they ought to be learning. Many did count myself as one of them) was fi- stable neighborhoods. not feel that the educations they were nally getting the right to access a first That said, it is also true that stabil- receiving would help them negotiate rate education. That wasn't easy. ity has not been a staple in the history the world outside of Ukraine. In my childhood in my home state of Ukraine. Like many post-Soviet na- The problem with those percep- of Virginia and throughout the Ameri- tions, independence came with a great tions is that Ukraine is connected to can South, education was two-tiered. deal of pain. In 2003 the demographer the rest of the world, and unless things There was one primary through sec- Brienna Perielli-Harris vastly under- have changed dramatically, Ukraine ondary school system for Caucasian stated the point when she wrote that planned to plant seeds to grown deep- students and another school system in Ukraine, "The transition from a com- er roots with the rest of the world. for African-American students. The munist to capitalist economic system, But those roots cannot flourish if systems were decidedly unequal. The along with the associated processes the Ukrainian educational system con- Supreme Court of the United States of democratization and changing so- tinues to abruptly snap back and forth held the dual systems unconstitutional cial environment, has required mas- as if someone's cracking a whip... on the year I was born. But dismantling sive adjustment." the backs of the students for whom it and merging those separate and un- Perielli-Hurt also notes that the is ostensibly designed to instruct. "Oh, equal systems took years to achieve. I educational system badly suffered in so the Ukrainian government is trying was 13 years old when it finally hap- the transition. She writes about cuts in to keep students dumb so that they pened in my locality. funds, low teacher salaries, textbook can't leave," was one commentator's That was a change too slow and shortages, no access to western tech- perception of the social change in too incremental but here's the thing. nology; that the curriculum and meth- Ukraine when I mentioned the Bolo- We knew it would come. And we knew ods of teaching did not rely on prob- gna Process had been abandoned. that our lives would be better. lem-solving but on rote memorization. It seems to me that in order to And that is something students in And she writes that for a short period serve its students, Ukrainian higher Ukraine do not know. things began to change. That Ukraine education should separate the pro- recognized that the demands of a new cess of educating from polemics and economy mandated new specializa- politics. This might begin with depriv- tions in law, business and market eco- ing the bulky, top heavy intensely po- nomics. litical Ministry of Education of some of And Ukraine and its education its power. The power should be shared system heeded that mandate. Univer- with rectors, provosts and directors. sity enrollment doubled in a dozen And they ought to encourage bottom years and 22 percent in the traditional up leadership – ask faculty what they college age demographic. Things need, rather than ordering them to do. were getting better... until the financial This might give faculty the time and crisis of 2008. creative freedom to actually reach and I went to Ukraine in August of teach…rather than standing on a podi- 2008 as a Fulbright Scholar lecturing um reading a lecture written two or in press law and journalism. I stayed five or, in one particularly egregious until July of 2010 and lectured all over case, ten years ago. Permit faculty, the country. And what I found was ex- rather than the Ministry, to select the actly... what Perielli-Hurt wrote nearly textbooks they will use in the class- a decade ago. room. And of course, pay them what Faculty is still poorly paid. Text- they are worth. books are still hard to come by. Ac- In 2007 I applied for a Fulbright cess to technology is improving, but grant to teach in Ukraine because of too often, it's the students who under- the Orange Revolution. I saw analo- Professor Oxana Pachlovska stand the technology, not the faculty gies between Ukraine in 2004-05 and (University of Rome) with daughter who are supposed to teach it. And I my history growing up African-Ameri- Jaroslava at CUPP Oxford Model also found deep ennui in students. A can at the cusp of the Civil Rights Ukraine Conference, New College, sense of helplessness. And a bone- Movement. What changed the lives of Oxford University. CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 43 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

The Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program (CUPP) Alumni Planned a Series of Conferences to Create a New Model of Governance for Ukraine

Oleksandr PANKIV University of Lviv BA Boston University School of Law graduate 2010 CUPP 2010 Coordinator

The conferences would bring together statements of the Prime Minister con- spoke about the incompatibility or non- academics , diplomats, journalists and cerning democracy, human rights, de- acceptance of foreign degrees in politicians as well as CUPP alumni to mocracy and freedom of speech in Ukraine due to bureaucratic policies address areas of culture, economy, Ukraine. and the quality of higher education in education, elections, history, politics The first session of the Ottawa Ukraine. and current events in Ukraine. The Conference dealt with education in In the second session Roman first Model Ukraine Conference took Ukraine, and the speakers were Dep- Tashlitskyy of Ostroh Academy opined place at the Elliott School of Interna- uty Minister of Education of Ukraine that Ukrainian higher education needs tional Affairs of George Washington Prof. Iryna Zaytseva, Dr. Phylisse D. serious reforms in order to survive. He University in February, 2010, and dealt Mitchell from the University of Rich- was critical of the government's priori- with the issues of human rights, histo- mond, who lectured in Ukraine for two ties which focused on spending money ry, culture and politics of Ukraine. years in 2008-2010 and, Inna Viriaso- on sports facilities ahead of educa- The Second Model Ukraine Con- va from the University of Western On- tion. ference "The Politics of Education and tario. Iryna Zaytseva reviewed the re- CUPP Alumnus Pavlo Shopin of Elections in Ukraine" took place at the cent resolutions of the government on the University of Luhansk spoke on University of Ottawa on November 12- education issues and announced that whether Ukrainian Universities need 13, 2010. Speakers from , the new law which is in the process of autonomy. He reviewed the constitu- Portugal, Ukraine, the USA and Cana- being drafted would grant greater au- ent elements of the concept of autono- da met to address the issues of edu- tonomy to the Universities in the areas my and defined it through dialectical cation, elections, Ukrainian language of program planning and appoint- unity with accountability. He conclud- and self identification. ments. The Deputy Minister also stat- ed by saying that University autonomy The Conference was opened by ed that many of the components of the is as necessary as democracy in the Dominique Arel, the holder of the Bologna System would be implement- public sphere for Ukraine. Chair of the Ukrainian Studies at the ed in Ukraine. Iryna Zaytseva opined Ayshe Memetova, a student at University of Ottawa. Opening re- that possibly the regions should be Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, criticized the marks were made by Ambassador of provided with the opportunity to set admission system at Ukrainian Uni- Ukraine to Canada Ihor Ostash and language priorities to be implemented versities. Memetova proposed to com- CUPP Director Ihor Bardyn. Ambas- by local governments. The Deputy bine in the admission process both sador of Canada to Ukraine Daniel Minister stated "I want to stress that aptitude and achievement tests, con- Caron delivered the key note address the state language is under no pres- sidering personal achievements and in which he outlined the difficulties in sure and the necessity of state lan- interests of the applicants, their moti- the areas of business and governance guage is under no debate in Ukraine." vation to pursue particular degrees, in contemporary Ukraine. He also Phylisse Mitchell was critical of carrier goals, etc. She also stressed spoke about the future of Canada- Ukraine's authorities for the changes that Ukrainian education is in deep Ukraine relations, negotiations of the in the educational system which ap- crisis and there is an urgent need of Canada-Ukraine Free Trade Agree- peared to be reverting back to the reformation of the education system ment, the newly announced Youth practices of the Soviet Union and the as a whole. Mobility Agreement which allows for failure to implement the Bologna sys- Conference participants dis- mobility of travel for youth to Canada, tem standards in Ukraine. cussed the issues of language and as well as the recent visit of Prime CUPP Alumnus Inna Viriasova of identity in Ukraine during the third Minister Harper to Ukraine and the the University of Western Ontario session. Oksana Tyshchenko-Monas-

44 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade tyrska of the Potebnya Institute of Lin- speech addressed the problems of The Canada Ukraine Parliamenta- guistics in Kyiv, and delivered an ad- democratic governance in Ukraine in ry Program was established in 1991 in dress about the Crimean Tatar Lan- light of European and global princi- order to assist the development of guage as an indicator of the existence ples. democratic governance in post soviet of an ethno cultural group in Ukraine. Jeffrey Kuhner, a columnist at The Ukraine. There are only 3 official In- CUPP Alumnus Andriy Olenyuk of Washington Times, stood up to Rus- ternship programs in the Canadian Georgetown University Law Centre sia and Russian leaders' attacks on House of Commons. The Canadian characterized the Constitutional frame­ Ukraine and its independence. He Program for students of Canadian Uni- work for language policy in Ukraine. stressed that Ukrainians need to pro- versities, the Canada-USA Program Olenyuk stressed that the Ukrainian tect their identity and the integrity of for university students from the USA, Constitution provides for one official their country. He quoted Churchill that and the Canada-Ukraine Program for state language in the country, which is 'freedom is never free' and challenged university students from Ukraine. Stu- Ukrainian. young Ukrainians to choose the west- dents of Ukrainian origin from Arme- Maksym Klyuchar, Muskie Fellow ern/democratic or pro-Russian/auto- nia, Azerbaijan and Georgia are also at the University of Texas, advocated cratic path of development. eligible for the Program. CUPP has for the implementation of a plurivocal ap- The third Kyiv Model Ukraine Con- the past 20 years provided Ukraine's proach to Ukrainian history. Such ference is planned for the Fall of 2011. students with a lifetime opportunity to methodology would train Ukrainian Program Director Ihor Bardyn an- work in the office of a Member of Par- students to think critically, analyze nounced the possibility of holding an- liament, observe Canadian democratic Ukrainian history and reach their own other Conference in the cycle of Model processes, meet with Diplomats, Cabi- understanding and interpretation of Ukraine Conferences, possibly in net Ministers, Senior Government Of- the historical facts and not the one Western. In 2011 CUPP Alumni ex- ficials and ordinary Canadians. Regret- learned from the school books ap- pect to prepare a MODEL Ukraine fully, due to the lack of funding, the proved by the government. The dis- proposal based on the conferences CUPP Program may terminate its ex- cussants of the Conference concluded and present these to the Government istence in 2011. that such an approach (known in the of Ukraine. western academia as Socratic meth- od) where students are taught to think critically and illuminate ideas should be implemented not only with regard to history, but other academic disci- plines and areas. The fourth session of the Confer- ence dealt with the issues of elections and democracy in Ukraine. Oley Prosy, Senior Research As- sistant at European Centre for Minori- ty Issues, Germany put Ukraine's predicament in the context of global problems and came to a conclusion that Ukraine does not need regional- ization but rather has every reason to introduce policies towards national in- tegration. Yaroslavl Kovalchuk, a PH.D. Stu- dent at the University of Algarve, ana- lyzed the evolution of the electoral system in Ukraine and concluded that the Ukrainian election system still needs to be reformed to reflect con- temporary situation in Ukraine. Yaryna Kobel of the University of Lviv in her Fan-Zone at EURO 2012, Kyiv.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 45 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Do Ukrainian Universities Need Autonomy?

Pavlo SHOPIN CUPP 2006, 2008 Walter Tarnopolsky Scholarship recipient, Mazurenko Family Scholarship recipient MP: Michael Ignatieff, Ontario (Etobicoke–Lakeshore) MP: Andrew Telegdi, Ontario (Kitchener–Waterloo) B.A. and M.A. in English from Taras Shevchenko National University of Luhansk in 2008 Fulbright Visiting Researcher at UC Berkeley in 2009-2010 Internt in the German Bundestag in 2011 M.Phil. in European Literature and Culture at the University of Cambridge

The following speech on the Ukrainian will make them accountable to society. ingless small institutions and it will not education system was presented be- The European Commission, the Coun- damage the education system but fore the CUPP Alumni and participants cil of the and a lot of rather improve its efficiency and ac- of the Ottawa Model Ukraine Confer- European governments stress upon countability. ence on Nov. 12, 2010. the need for improved autonomy and It is clear that the University Au- The current Ukrainian higher edu- accountability. Absence of shared tonomy as a concept is really impor- cation system is the product of the governance or rather only its formal tant for the progress of the Ukrainian post-Soviet education politics. As Mr. presence at Ukrainian universities is a education system. Autonomy means Frances Cairncross, rector of Oxford huge setback to higher education in freedom and what it means to be free University's Exeter College, put it Ukraine. In the EU higher education has been a controversial issue for a "Ukrainian education is too inward- institutions "are, traditionally, decen- very long-time. In my talk I will briefly looking, too corrupt, and too poor to do tralized institutions where most of the mention some of the major ideas be- a good job" (Popova 2010). decisions are prepared at the "base"" hind the term "autonomy" and will The Bologna process is viewed in (Weber 2006). However, Ukrainian highlight the procedural practical ap- Ukraine as the necessary set of re- universities suffer from centralization proach, following the latest 2009 re- forms to upgrade Ukrainian higher ed- of power, rigid hierarchy and authori- search by the European University ucation to meet the standards of the tarian management. It is difficult to Association (Esterman and Nokkala European community but this reform speak of our universities as decentral- 2009). I will try to look at organization- concerns only the academic side of ized institutions. Consequently, there al structures and institutional gover- education process and certainly does is much more drastic need for autono- nance, financial issues, staffing and not solve the problems of mismanage- my at Ukrainian universities than in academic matters in Ukraine and oth- ment, corruption and lack of funds. the EU. At the same time, it is crucial er European countries to see if Ukrai- The Bologna Process is meant to inte- to understand what kind of autonomy nian higher education differs in some grate our education system within the Ukrainian universities need in order to key respects. European academic framework which achieve democratic management, According to the research study is only a formal correspondence to the high quality education, forefront re- done by the European University As- existing standards and is not enough search and innovative knowledge- sociation "the terminology used to de- for the essential organizational and based socio-economic development fine elements of institutional autonomy functional progress of Ukrainian edu- for the community. We do not agree as well as the perspectives from which cation. One of the major and existen- that any kind of autonomy is useful. they are viewed and evaluated vary tial problems Ukrainian universities For instance, Ukraine has too many greatly across Europe" (Esterman and face today is the conception of Univer- universities. This problem could be Nokkala 2009: 4). Autonomy means sity Autonomy and we would like to fo- solved by uniting some of those small freedom and if we follow the cognitiv- cus on this problem in our presenta- inward-looking institutions, integrating ist tradition, in terms of embodied phi- tion. them within larger universities and losophy "freedom of action is under- Firstly, we strongly believe that thus eliminating these institutions. The stood metaphorically as freedom of University Autonomy (UA) realized in process, just described, actually motion... anything that blocks that mo- a proper way will improve the man- means the loss of autonomy for sev- tion is a constraint on one's freedom” agement of Ukrainian universities and eral hundred autonomous but mean- (Lakoff and Johnson 1999: 305). Ac-

46 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade cepting such simplistic minimalist in- ogy may vary quite significantly, but it by the European academic communi- terpretation is dangerous because does not mean that the essence of ty, can also be useful for the Ukrainian freedom is not just absence of con- university autonomy is radically differ- higher education. straints but rather "the consciousness ent in every country. If we adopt the Let us now look at some of the key of necessity" (K. Marx). University Au- cognitivist approach and not the clas- aspects of the University Autonomy in tonomy is not arbitrary and when we sical analytic tradition in categoriza- Ukraine and the EU. Organizational look at the global picture of the educa- tion, the concept University Autonomy Autonomy among many other things tion system we see that narrow tech- can be viewed as a radial category or includes "the universities' ability to es- nical definitions can often miss the an umbrella term which unites con- tablish their structures and governing context and misrepresent or simplify crete prototypes of its realization. bodies, and to define the modalities of the concept. The EUA research study Such categories are "structured radi- its leadership model" (Esterman and focuses on the definition of "institu- ally with respect to a number of its Nokkala 2009:11). According to the re- tional autonomy" which refers to "the subcategories: there is a central sub- cent findings of the research done by constantly changing relations between category...; in addition, there are non- the EUA, in European countries the the state and higher education institu- central extensions which are not spe- design of internal academic and ad- tions and the degree of control exerted cialized instances of the central sub- ministrative structure is mostly under by the state, depending on the nation- category, but rather are variants of it… university control, whereas gover- al context and circumstances" (Ester- These variants are not generated from nance structures and leadership are man and Nokkala 2009:6). This defini- the central model by general rules; in- often strongly shaped by national leg- tion avoids simplification but it blurs stead, they are extended by conven- islative frameworks (Esterman and the term completely and it is difficult tion and must be learned on by one… Nokkala 2009:17). Ukrainian universi- to understand what autonomy is meant the extensions are by no means ran- ties appear to be organizationally very to be. The scholars who were conduct- dom" (Lakoff 1987:91). Unfortunately, close to the European standards but ing the study of University Autonomy the goodness of example has not been the functioning of the organizational across Europe understood that "the defined for University Autonomy yet, framework maintained in Ukraine variety of situations... reflects the mul- mostly because of political correct- leaves a lot to be desired. The most tiple approaches to the ongoing quest ness issues when variety is more im- recent example is the way several for a balance between autonomy and portant than graded categorization. rectors were fired by Minister Dmytro accountability in response to the de- However, we will adopt a dialecti- Tabachnyk and the fact that the posi- mands of society and the changing cal materialistic approach according tion of Rector of Donetsk National Uni- understanding of public responsibility to which categories do correspond to versity was retained by Volodymyr for higher education" (Esterman and things in the world and we can define Shevchenko for 24 years. It only dem- Nokkala 2009: 6). These researchers those categories with precision. We onstrates the strong hierarchy which came to the conclusion that "there is believe that University Autonomy is an exists at Ukrainian Universities and no ideal model of autonomy, but rather inextricable principle of democratic absence of any real functional autono- a set of basic principles that constitute education system where universities my within their organizational struc- crucial elements of autonomy, and serve the society and are meant to ture. The Ministry of Education and that, when implemented in the context support the cultural, economic and so- Science of Ukraine is literally above of a given system, support universities cial basis of the community. University every university and can interfere in a in carrying out ever more complex Autonomy is dialectically synonymic to lot of the aspects of any university’s missions" (Esterman and Nokkala university accountability, responsibility functioning while rectors, who should 2009:7). We can hardly agree that ex- and "consciousness of necessity". be "primus inter pares", in fact exert istence of "the variety of situations" Thus, Ukrainian universities can only extreme powers over all the faculty. means there is no ideal model of au- become autonomous when they work For instance, Prof. Vitaly Kurylo, Pres- tonomy. Variety does not cancel basic for the good of the public and are not ident of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko principles and key elements do consti- just independent from any external in- National University, personally ap- tute the model of autonomy and not fluences. The present plight of things proves every faculty member to be just some abstract disconnected enti- in the Ukrainian higher education calls employed and literally rules the uni- ties, as positivists would argue. Au- for much more democratic university versity where I am doing my PhD right tonomy as a concept may be under- organization and management and now. Rectors at Ukrainian universities stood differently across Europe and University Autonomy as an operational are elected by the faculty but these associated perceptions and terminol- concept, relatively well implemented elections are often influenced by the

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 47 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER regional or central state executive programs, as well as on their roles and the global university system is not just bodies. It is true that in European responsibilities with regard to the a Ukrainian problem (Umpleby and countries "small executive manage- quality assurance of programs and Burdina 2005). Most unfortunately, ment groups, comprising the rector degrees, and finally the extent to Ukraine appears to be reluctant to use and other staff from the top manage- which they can decide on student ad- the opportunity of European integra- ment, can have broad competences missions (Esterman and Nokkala tion in the sphere of education and in and are therefore considered to be a 2009:32). Here Ukrainian universities this case there is a lot of counterpro- powerful body" (Esterman and Nokka- do not differ very much from the rest ductive autonomy which manifests it- la 2009:17). But being a powerful body of Europe but still the European inte- self in such things as not accepting and exerting authoritarian powers "are gration processes such as the Bolo- European education qualifications. In- two big differences", as they say in gna process have not had such a tegrating into the global community, Odesa. strong impact on academic autonomy we do lose external autonomy and Speaking about financial autono- in Ukraine yet. There is considerable agree to combat corruption and privi- my, having a line-item budget, being state control of the academic and re- leges shared within a close circle of constantly under-funded and overreg- search work at universities. It is im- educators and have to meet interna- ulated Ukrainian universities have possible to view academic freedom of tional standards. It should be benefi- very little financial freedom which universities as absence of state con- cial for the Ukrainian education sys- could include such things as accumu- trol. If there were no state control and tem but it poses risks as well. Although lating reserves and keeping surplus no regulations, Ukrainian universities Ukrainian higher education is inward- on state funding, borrowing money on would probably degrade into ever looking, poor and corrupt, it is still ac- the financial markets, investing in fi- smaller defunct autonomous units cessible and we cannot afford to com- nancial products, issuing shares and without any accountability to society. promise accessibility in favor of quali- bonds. And "if there is not a certain Still the existing regulations are inter- ty. Diamonds are only valuable be- freedom to act independently in terms preted differently for every institution cause there are so few of them. If we of financial issues," – which is the case and so those rectors who know the close enough universities, we can in Ukraine, – "then the other dimen- right people in the Ministry can carve make Ukrainian higher education quite sions of autonomy may well only exist out nice privileges for their universi- expensive, profitable and elite but its in theory" (Esterman and Nokkala ties not because of their performance quality will not be improved. There 2009:40). but due to corrupt management of the should be an important balance be- Staffing autonomy includes salary education system in Ukraine. tween integration and autonomy in the levels, which are defined by state leg- Having looked at several kinds of global context. islation in Ukraine, and the process of University Autonomy we would like to Within the state University Auton- employing faculty members, which state that these kinds are not clear-cut omy is all about democratic govern- has become a sphere of corruption sides of a concept but rather elements ment of the education system. It is not and nepotism for Ukrainian higher ed- integrated together, interdependent easy to find the right way to make uni- ucation institutions. In our view, the and complementing each other. Staff- versities accountable to society: "while situation in Ukraine is mostly different ing autonomy involves financial auton- there is broad acceptance of the con- from the EU with respect to salary lev- omy and financial autonomy shapes cept that autonomy requires account- els which are terribly low in our case. every facet of the concept of Universi- ability as a counterbalance and that University faculty members have rath- ty Autonomy. there needs to be a framework for uni- er low salaries and it becomes an in- It is quintessential to keep in mind versities in which they can operate, centive for bribery and corruption that Ukrainian universities face many debate on the exact nature and extent which afflicts the relations between more problems than just University of accountability is fierce" (Esterman students and professors at Ukrainian Autonomy but the debate about the and Nokkala 2009:39). Epistemically, universities. nature of University Autonomy is vital the exploration study by the EUA does Finally, academic autonomy em- for the future of Ukrainian higher edu- not answer the question of what either braces universities' ability to deter- cation in the framework of European autonomy or accountability is, despite mine their own institutional strategy, higher education. Autonomy does not listing a lot of the relevant features of their academic profile, in particular; mean absence of accountability to the both concepts. We posit an assump- their ability to introduce or terminate state and society. It does not mean in- tion that these two concepts are dia- degree programs, to decide on the dependence from global community lectically synonymic. Organizational, structure and content of these degree and global challenges. Strengthening academic and financial freedom in

48 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade higher education is ultimately account- tween the rich and the poor. This axi- Excellence. Presentation made at the ability to society, it is a necessary con- om concerns not only education but conference 'Institutional Autonomy Revis- dition for excellence and progress and every other sphere of our life. Univer- ited: National Dimensions, Cross-Regional it is based on the principles of demo- sity Autonomy and integration of Ukrai- Experiences", International Association of cratic government. nian universities in the global univer- Universities Website, December 8-9, [accessed ties certainly need autonomy to fulfill ance of powers and become important 10 May 2012] their social, cultural and academic steps towards shared governance and Esterman, T. and Nokkala, T. 2009. "Uni- functions. Higher education institu- democratic education. The battle over versity Autonomy in Europe I: Exploration tions in Ukraine already have reason- Ukrainian education may not be over Study', European University Association able organizational and academic yet and a lot can be done to improve Website [accessed 10 May 2012] versities are highly dependent upon ans need democracy and accountabil- Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. 1999. Philoso- the state. The organization of power in ity of government institutions to the phy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Ukraine in general seems to be demo- public. Its Challenge to Western Thought. NY: cratically structured but the function- Basic Books. Lakoff, G. 1987. Women, Fire and Danger- ing of these democratic structures is References Popova, Y. 2010. 'Education problems ous Things: What Categories Reveal all wrong, full of hypocrisy and corrup- deeper than language', The Kyiv Post, 2 about the Mind. Chicago and London: The tion. Institutions which are supposed April, [accessed 10 May Umpleby, S. and Burdina, S. 2005. Ukraine in fact exert unlimited powers 2012] 'Strengthening The Global University Sys- over ordinary people. Likewise, Ukrai- Weber, L. 2006. 'University Autonomy: A tem', Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko Na- nian education hierarchy, being struc- Necessary but Not Sufficient Condition for tional University of Luhansk, 2:10-6. tured according to democratic stan- dards, as a matter of course provides accountability of the faculty members to the rector, responsibility of the rec- tor to the Ministry of Education and Science but not vice versa. The power distribution is essentially wrong in the Ukrainian education system and to change this situation we need to change power distribution in the coun- try. When there is no shared gover- nance in Ukraine, and Ukrainian politi- cians feel they are above ordinary people and their needs, all we can have is a medieval education system or some parody of modern education. Jan Amos Komensky, the father of modern education, said that education should not be for the rich or the elite but for everyone. If Ukraine succeeds in providing accessible quality higher education for everyone, it can meet the global challenge to create a knowl- edge-based economy. If we fail to rec- ognize the importance of democratic education for everyone, elitism and lumpenization will destroy Ukrainian society, creating a cultural chasm be- Fan-Zone at EURO 2012, Kyiv.

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Yuri Lukanov (Kyiv) and Anton Krasun (Oxford). CUPP Oxford Model Ukraine Conference Work Crew setting up registration desk at New College, Oxford University.

Oxford University Ukrainian Society members with Ambassador Leigh Turner (British Ambassador to Ukraine) and Volodymyr Khandogiy (Ukrainian Ambassador to the ) during CUPP Oxford Model Ukraine Conference, Oxford University.

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Quo Vadis, Україно? – намагались відповісти в Оксфорді

Роман ТАШЛІЦЬКИЙ Оксфорд – Рівне

В Оксфорді відбулася конференція верситетах по світу, так і видатні по­ добре (Україна може показати, що є "Модель України". Це вже третя кон­ літики, науковці, громадські діячі. альтернатива авторитаризму). Лі ференція з цієї серії (дві попередні Наприклад, виступали екс-міністр Тернер охарактеризував власне ба- відбулися у Вашингтоні і Оттаві), во­ закордонних справ Борис Тарасюк, чення ситуації в Україні, починаючи на називалася "Внутрішні і зовнішні завідувач кафедри українознавства від економіки і закінчуючи свободою справи України: Quo Vadis?" Конфе- в Римському Університеті "Ла Сапіен­ слова. Особливу увагу він приділив ренція організована Канадсько-Ук- за" Оксана Пахльовська чи ведучий питанню підписання угоди про пог- раїнською Парламентською Програ- ток-шоу "Свобода слова" Андрій Ку- либлену і всебічну зону вільної тор- мою за сприяння Українського Това­ ликов. А також Микола Рябчук, Енд- гівлі з ЄС. Пан посол висловив на­ риства Оксфордського Університе- рю Вілсон, Андреас Умланд та ба- дію, що президент і прем'єр таки ту. гато інших. дотримаються заявленого раніше Один із найстаріших у світі уні­ Перший день конференції від- курсу на євроінтеграцію, і ця угода верситетів, мабуть, і не пам'ятає, ко­ крив посол Великобританії в Україні буде підписана. На думку Лі Терне- ли ще приймав таку кількість гостей Лі Тернер. Він, зокрема, зазначив, ра, це буде значним кроком у набли- з України, а також зацікавлених чому Україна є важливою країною: женні України до Європи. Україною з різних країн світу. Адже, по-перше, це важливий сусід (країна Як завжди, цікавим і метафорич­ окрім українців, у конференції взяли розміром із Францію має протяжний ним був виступ Богдана Вітвіцького участь більше сотні учасників із кордон з Росією і чотирма членами з американського Департаменту юс­ США, Канади, Німеччини, Австрії, ЄС); по-друге, це країна, чия ста- тиції. Темою його виступу було вер- Італії, Нідерландів, Польщі, Португа­ більність впливає на стабільність у ховенство права. На початку висту- лії і Великобританії. Це були як зви­ регіоні; і по-третє, вона може стати пу на прикладі гри в футбол він по- чайні українські студенти, що навча­ прикладом для інших пострадянсь- казав, для чого потрібно верховенс- ються або навчалися в різних уні­ ких країн, якщо справи у неї підуть тво права: у футболі не так важливо, кому належить м'яч чи хто подає, але ситуація міняється кардиналь- но, коли рефері дозволяє одній ко- манді грати з п'ятнадцятьма грав- цями, в той час як інша має одинад- цять або коли правила не зовсім чіт- кі. Тоді цю гру вже й футболом не назвеш. Те саме стосується держав і демократії. В Україні поки що, на жаль, відбувається гра не за прави- лами, а з правилами. Микола Рябчук у своїй доповіді зазначив, що добре відомо, яким має бути демократичне суспільство, невідомо лише, як саме суспільство привести до такого стану. Зокрема, він навів приклад, як в Україні де- сять років тому був виданий укра­ їнський переклад класичної книжки Виступає колишній міністр закордонних справ України Борис Тарасюк. з основ демократій Роберта Патне-

52 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

ма "Становлення демократії". Нещо- давно пан Рябчук помітив, що книга все ще наявна у книгарні. Коли він запитав у видавців, яким був тираж, ті відповіли, що всього тисяча при- мірників. Тобто при тому, що в Укра­ їні тисячі громадських організацій, не кажучи вже про депутатів різних рівнів, ця книга не користується по- питом. Інший момент, який відзна- чив Микола Рябчук, це те, що не слід переоцінювати вплив покаран- ня за корупцію і в той же час недо- оцінювати гарний взірець для наслі- дування. Він привів приклад Києво- Могилянської Академії, в якій сту- денти і викладачі пишаються тим, що в них нема корупції (при тому, що рівень зарплат досить низький). Завершальним першого дня став виступ заступника міністра юстиції Під час конференції. Грузії Георгія Вашадзе. У своїй блис­ що допоможе демократії утвердити- ворив ще Леонід Кучма під час відві- кучій презентації доволі молодий чи­ ся в Україні, і, нарешті, молодь. Цей дин Ізраїлю у 2000 році. Понад де- новник "розклав на полички" рефор- останній елемент вніс особливе пож- сять років минуло, але такого цент- ми, які вдалося провести в Грузії за вавлення серед присутніх молодих ру все ще не існує... останні роки. Внаслідок цього з най- українців, адже, на думку Оксани Мартін Нанн, експерт з міжна- більш корумпованої країни колиш- Пахльовської, саме молодь, яка має родної комунікації з Фонду "Спочат- нього СРСР Грузія перетворилася у можливість отримати західну освіту, ку люди", який вже 18 років працює країну, де рівень корупції впав до може мати надзвичайний вплив у в Україні, завершив останню секцію 0.5%. У принципі, питання, чому ж розвитку демократичного суспільс- провокаційною промовою "Уряд з Україні не вдалося піти схожим шля- тва. еліти, створений елітою і для еліти". хом після Помаранчевої революції в Дмитро Каневський з українсь- У ній він спробував розвіяти деякі 2004 році, залишилося відкритим... кого бюро "Німецької хвилі" в Бонні міфи про Україну. По-перше, що Ук- Другого дня конференції Окса- надзвичайно цікаво розповів про ук- раїна – демократична держава. Мар­ на Пахльовська виступила з допо­ раїнську діаспору в Ізраїлі. Зокрема тін Нанн вважає, що це не так: 60% віддю про культурні аспекти шляху про те, що українці там чомусь на- усіх депутатів походять з Києва. України в Європу, який часто недо- магаються не виділятися із загаль- Більшість купує свої місця у парла- оцінюється порівняно з політичним. ної маси "радянських людей", і на- менті. Чи можна вважати Україну де­ Пані Пахльовська спрогнозувала, що віть ті, що приїздять із Західної Ук- мократичною державою, коли в ній коли демократія зазнає невдачі в раїни, воліють переходити на росій- відсутній будь-який зв'язок між на- Україні, можливі два варіанти роз- ську. Всі етнічні спільноти в Ізраїлі родом і обраними ним представни- витку подій: дефолт або остаточне мають свої ЗМІ: німці, поляки, угор- ками? Другий міф: вертикальна сис- перетворення України у країну тре- ці, не кажучи вже про росіян, які ма- тема влади забезпечить стабіль- тього світу. При цьому вона запро- ють десятки газет, дві радіостанції ність. Мартін Нанн не погоджуєть- понувала п'ять елементів на шляху і цілодобовий телеканал. Українці ж ся. Партія регіонів – це консорціум недопущення такої ситуації: поши- мають лише газету, яка передруко- п'яти впливових економічних груп, рення знання про Європу в Україні і вує матеріали з інших російських га- які мають ризик внутрішнього проти­ про Україну в Європі, моніторинг за- зет. З поширенням інтернету ситуа- стояння. Якщо це протистояння пе- хідними країнами ситуації в Україні ція трохи покращилася. Та все ж по­ реросте у розкол, вертикаль влади (як би там не було, а влада змушена трібно щось більше. Наприклад, розвалиться на очах. Міф третій: прислухатися до критики Заходу), український інформаційно-культур- економіка України розвивається. На­ рух вздовж англо-саксонської осі, ний центр, про утворення якого го- справді ж, серед інших проблем, ос-

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 53 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

таннім часом з українського подат- али мають спочатку розвинутись саме ці люди, які сьогодні виступа- кового реєстру зникло близько 44% зсередини, аби народ спершу зро- ють і дискутують, поведуть за со- малого та середнього бізнесу, що зумів та прийняв ці ідеали як власні. бою решту суспільства, і тоді вони може мати катастрофічні для країни У завершальному слові ініціатор самі зможуть застосувати рішення, наслідки. Міф четвертий: Україна і головний організатор конференції сформовані на конференціях. розділена на дві частини. Проте про­ Ігор Бардин зауважив, що українські Завершальна конференція має ведені фондом "Спочатку люди" до- студенти, як і решта учасників кон- відбутися у грудні 2011 року в Киє- слідження доводять, що це тверд- ференції, не настільки наївні, щоб во-Могилянській Академії. Напевно, ження безпідставне. Люди в усіх ре­ думати, ніби українська влада враз саме та конференція буде найціка­ гіонах України поділяють однакові проникнеться ідеями, сформовани- вішою і найпродуктивнішою, адже пріоритети: діти і освіта, охорона ми на цій та інших конференціях цієї вона спиратиметься на здобутки по- здоров'я, економічна стабільність, а серії (адже за задумом конференції передніх обговорень і відбувати- проблеми розколу сфабриковані по­ сформована Модель України має бу­ меться в епіцентрі обговорюваних літиками. Що можна зробити? Пан ти передана саме українській владі). подій. Тому з нетерпінням чекаємо Нанн вважає: щоб демократія запра­ Проте головне навіть не це: головне, зустрічі в Києві. цювала в українських реаліях, її іде- що коли настане час робити зміни,

Top: Anatoliy Mintenko with parents at graduation.

Top: Oleksandr Shabardin CUPP 2012 at EURO 2012. Bottom: Admiral Krasun at the helm. Bottom: Liliia Ibadova, Illya Symonenko, Stacy Tsarkova, Artem Golubchak, and Slava Vlasov who left Mykolaiv for Toro, Spain on a volumteer-project.

54 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Inner Courtyard of New College, OXford University.

Top: Oxford Conference participants at dinner.

Left: Facade of New College, OXford University.

Ambassador Volodymyr Khandogiy (London), CUPP Oxford Model Ukraine Conference Work Crew Olena Seminog (Oxford), Andriy Kulykov (Kyiv). setting up (again) registration desk at New College, Oxford University. CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 55 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Ukraine Loses Its Way

Václav HAVEL, Desmond TUTU, and Richard von WEIZSÄCKER Republished with permission.

PRAGUE – Since the election of Pres- (very clean). Efforts to combat corrup- to the ruling Party of Regions. Valery ident in 2010, tion are at best half-hearted and are Khoroshkovsky's continued ownership Ukraine has experienced a significant not bringing any apparent results. of Inter Media Group, in addition to his and alarming deterioration in its demo- Corruption cripples the country´s in- roles as head of the country's security cratic framework. Fundamental tenets stitutions and the government´s inac- service and as a Council Member of of a democratic society, such as free- tion on this problem is also having an the , is an ob- dom of expression, freedom of assem- economic impact. vious conflict of interest. Overall, there bly, and freedom of the press are in- Increased Security Service is clear evidence of a decline in media creasingly coming under pressure. (SBU) activity. Evidence of increased pluralism since President Yanukovych And the prosecution of opposition SBU activity with political motives was came to power. members, which has now culminated presented in various human rights A weak civil society. While ob- in the arrest and detention of former groups´ reports. Individuals, NGOs, servers believe that further harass- Prime Minister Yuliya Tymoshenko – and journalists have been either overt- ment of NGOs is constrained by the during an ongoing trial that most of the ly threatened or placed under surveil- administration's wariness of interna- West has deemed political – seems to lance. For example, in July 2010, Nico tional reaction, particularly from the confirm that the rule of law is being Lange, the head of the Ukrainian of- EU, the operating environment for civ- brushed aside. fice of the Konrad Adenauer Founda- il-society organizations remains ex- Given Ukraine's strategic impor- tion, was detained at the Kyiv airport tremely difficult, and they have no op- tance, the country's fate has become after publishing a critical report on the portunities for genuine inclusion in an urgent matter of concern not only process of Ukrainian regional elec- policymaking. for Europe, but for the entire interna- tions (the incident was subsequently Ukraine has reached a cross- tional community. Among the most presented as a "misunderstanding"). roads. One signpost points towards worrying factors underlying Ukraine's In September, SBU searched the of- democracy; the other towards autoc- anti-democratic turn are the following: fices of organizations funded by phi- racy. The former path leads to mem- Consolidation of power. After lanthropist George Soros; in October bership in the European Union; the Viktor Yanukovych's election last year, 2010, the offices of the Vinnitsa Hu- latter would take Ukraine to a darker the Constitutional Court rescinded man Rights Group were also searched and more dangerous destination. Mil- constitutional changes made in 2004 by police without a court order. lions of Ukraine's citizens favor EU as part of the settlement that brought Harassment of opposition par- membership, but their enthusiasm is about a peaceful end to the Orange ties and independent media. The tempered by the absence of a clear Revolution. By doing so, a consensus ongoing criminal proceedings against EU policy towards Ukraine. was reversed that aimed to reduce the opposition politicians, including Ty- Meanwhile, the administration of presidency's powers and move toward moshenko, together with the impact of President Yanukovych proclaims its a more parliamentary system. Instead, changes in the electoral law to favor willingness to join the EU, but has Ukraine's president is now increasing- the president and his supporters, are failed to introduce the changes need- ly consolidating his total control over weakening opposition forces. ed to meet the qualifying criteria. As a the executive, the legislature, and the Harassment of the independent result, Ukraine is unlikely to be invited judiciary. media ranges from administrative ob- to start membership negotiations any- Endemic corruption. Corruption struction to much worse. The disap- time soon. is widely believed to be endemic in the pearance of Vasyl Klymentyev, the It is in the EU's vital interest to country's police, secret service, ad- editor-in-chief of Novyi Styl, a news- strive for a far more active policy to- ministration, government, and Prose- paper which focuses heavily on cor- wards Ukraine than it has so far. The cutor's Office. On Transparency Inter- ruption in the Kharkiv region, has nev- current Polish EU presidency should nationals Corruption Perceptions In- er been fully investigated. Most televi- hark back to the origins of Poland’s dex 2010, Ukraine scored 2.4 on a sion channels are in the hands of four thriving democracy, and recall the es- scale from zero (highly corrupt) to 10 groups, most of which have close links sential support that it received from

56 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade the West a generation ago. A similar André Glucksmann is a philos- the Federal Republic of Germany; effort is needed for Ukraine today, and opher and essayist; Václav Havel Grigory Yavlinsky is Chairman of that effort should not be set aside for was President of the Czech Re- the Russian United Democratic reasons of political expedience, or, for public; Michael Novak is a Roman Party Yabloko; H.R.H. El Hassan that matter, pursued for reasons of Catholic theologian; Yohei Sa- Bin Talal is Chairman of the West simple economic self-interest. We sakawa is President of the Sa- Asia-North Africa Forum; H.H. the urge the EU and its member states to sakawa Peace Foundation; Karel Dalai Lama. All signatories are insist that the rule of law is respected. Schwarzenberg is Foreign Minis- members of the Shared Concern At the very least, the EU should de- ter of the Czech Republic; Des- Initiative. mand that Tymoshenko and the other mond Tutu is Archbishop Emeri- Copyright: opposition leaders are set free on bail tus of Cape Town and a Nobel Project Syndicate, 2011. so that they can more vigorously de- Peace Prize laureate; Richard von www.project-syndicate.org fend themselves in court. Weizsäcker is former President of

Balcerowicz: Dictatorship will not Lead to Prosperity

Jakub PARUSINSKI KyivPost staff writer

Poland's most divisive political figures, Polish economist Leszek Balcerowicz but Poland was one of Europe's most is credited with the "shock therapy" resilient economies. that stimulated Poland's fast and suc- When Balcerowicz delivered a cessful transition from a socialist to a keynote speech at the investment Sweden's Foreign Minister Carl Bildt, market economy. – Kostyantyn Cher- bank Dragon Capital's annual invest- who said that as long as opposition nichkin ment conference on March 22, it was leaders remain in jail, ratification of not to talk about the intricacies of mon- free trade and association agreements In 1989, Poland was on the brink of etary policy or overcoming financial with the European Union would not economic collapse. crises. happen. Under the current policies in Some politicians wanted to slow Instead, his lesson focused on the Ukraine, Balcerowicz said, a free trade down the pace of reforms, trying to basics: why democracy is essential to area agreement with the EU "will nev- ward off popular discontent. Leszek market economics and prosperity. er come." Balcerowicz, the respected Polish "There was no good example of This chimes in with recent state- macroeconomist, decided the solution socialism," Balcerowicz said. "And ments by Poland's Foreign Minister was to move faster. there are very few good dictator- Radoslaw Sikorski, who said that pull- "We have to end this false game, ships." ing Ukraine out of Russia's sphere of in which people pretend to work and The professor pointed out that, influence takes priority over relations the state pretends to pay them," he barring some exceptions like Singa- with Russia. "Ukraine remains our said back then, when he was serving pore, countries with a lack of freedom most important non-Atlantic strategic as deputy prime minister. are unable to secure property rights partner. We are still ready to support In academia and politics alike, and rule of law. Without this, non-po- it, if it really chooses a European Balcerowicz has not tried to candy- litically connected businesses are un- path," Sikorski has said. coat the truth, or tried to avoid unpop- able to develop as there is no merit- In his speech, Balcerowicz ular measures. After three years as based competition. In turn, such crony stressed the importance of rule of law Poland's finance minister and six as capitalism is a recipe for stagnation. and property rights, without which a the central bank head, he was one of The speech echoed the words of country is doomed to economic stag-

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 57 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

forms. It was a tough pill to swallow, Is the country caught up in crony capi- with many lost jobs in the public sec- talism? tor. But an escalating debt crisis and Leszek Balcerowicz: So far hyperinflation, topping 50 percent a Ukraine, according to all the informa- month, needed a prompt response. tion I have, is more democratic than "You can't put a fire out slowly," Russia. The big question is: Is Ukraine Balcerowicz said at the time. under the current leadership going in It was also immensely effective. [Russian President-elect Vladimir] Pu- Not only was Poland the first economy tin's direction, or in a Central Europe- to recover from the post-socialist an direction? This is a very big ques- slump, it also has the best growth re- tion for Ukraine and also for Europe. Leszek Balcerowicz cord and was the only European state The 'Putin direction' is bad, both to escape the 2009 recession. from the point of view of quality-of-life nation. Looking back at the reforms five and also for the economy. The experi- Without a clear separation be- years later, Jeffery Sachs, the Har- ence of Central European countries tween business and politics, the coun- vard economist who advised many shows that you can combine a shift to- try falls into so-called crony capitalism, transition governments, found that the ward full fledged democracy and mar- Balcerowicz said. This divides busi- most radical reformers had "gone the ket economy without crony capitalism. ness into a privileged minority and an furthest in restoring stability and lay- When comparing the Central Eu- oppressed majority, "in which an indi- ing the foundations for rising living ropean experience with that of most vidual can succeed but the economy standards." Those who chose gradual former-Soviet countries except for the can't," the chief crime from a macro- reform, like Ukraine, saw only stagna- Baltics, one of the differences is that economist's eye. tion. there is capitalism but not crony capi- "It's not only unjust. It's also ineffi- While political obstacles in some talism. There is a clear separation be- cient," he said. countries are greater than others, dis- tween politics and business. Deputy Prime Ministers Valeriy parities in development are not due to We don't have the privileged mi- Khoroshkovsky and Sergiy Tigipko cultural reasons or specific conditions, nority and oppressed majority of busi- along with newly appointed Economy Balcerowicz asserted. nessmen, while in most former Soviet Minister were sup- The first reason is how far coun- countries, barring the Baltics, there is posed to participate in a debate with tries went to implement market re- crony capitalism. There is a lot of ex- Balcerowicz. forms and ensure the protection of pri- perience, including that of Latin Amer- Khoroshkovsky came four hours vate property rights and rule of law. ica, which shows that crony capitalism later. By then, the Polish professor The second culprit is the extent to is much worse for economic growth. was on a flight back to Warsaw. Tigip- which economies suffered booms and KP: In your speech, you referred to ko and Poroshenko didn't show up at busts. These can be fueled by splurg- political persecutions taking place in all. ing public money or excessive private Ukraine. How important is it for They missed hearing Balcerowicz credit growth, as was the case in Ukraine to solve this issue? say: "When countries are poor it is of- Ukraine during the 2004-2008 boom LB: It evokes very unpleasant ten not because of natural disasters years. memories – especially in Eastern Eu- and natural reasons, but because of "The crash in 2009 was prodded rope – of show trials, of the [Josef] bad regimes and bad macroeconomic by policies. This was not a natural di- Stalin type. This is not to say that policies." saster," Balcerowicz said. there is Stalinism in Ukraine. But the Few are better placed to know. In a Kyiv Post interview during the associations are like that, very vivid, Author of the "Balcerowicz Plan" to re- Dragon Capital investment confer- and reactions are very strong. form Poland's ravaged socialist econo- ence, Balcerowicz shared in more de- Secondly, it's clearly targeted in my after independence, he set up the tail his views and concerns about the case of [imprisoned ex-Prime Min- system that brought the country pros- Ukraine and its future. ister Yulia] Tymoshenko and [impris- perity and European Union member- Kyiv Post: Your speech was almost oned ex-Interior Minister Yuriy] Lut- ship. like a beginning lesson in market eco- senko. It's clearly targeted and I don't Known as shock therapy, the plan nomics and democracy. It seems the think one can even call it targeted jus- was based on the simultaneously im- country still hasn't made the final shift tice, but rather targeted injustice. plementing of major economic re- to a market economy and democracy. Thirdly, the claim that this is the

58 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade decision of the courts is not credible. And when you read what Carl Bildt mal market economy. Nobody believes it. And rightly so. said together with Radek Sikorski, that Good competition means you win Personally, I don't believe it. it 'would be a political suicide to pro- on merit not on political connections Fourth, if this continues, if this tar- pose the ratification of the trade agree- and informal links to the repression geted injustice is not reversed, I don't ment in a national parliament' given apparatus and tax apparatus. see any chance for the ratification of what has been happening. something that is very important for KP: Can wealthy businessmen make Ukraine economically speaking: the KP: If you were the leader or prime good politicians? Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade minister of Ukraine, what would be the LB: Why not? Some of them may Agreement with the European Union. first 5 or 10 steps you would take? be better than professors of econom- There is no chance that this will not be LB: For a long time there has ics, especially the Marxists and the stopped in some national parliaments. been a list of recommendations [of Keynesians (laughing). So I would not One should remember that economic reforms] with respect to rule it out. Ukraine is not the only country which Ukraine. It is not a lack of advice but a The point is to be an ex-business- has been offered. is waiting, lack of political will behind the policies man; meaning that you make your and so is Georgia. which produce the situation I de- money, which is good, if you make it scribed. honestly, then you retire from busi- KP: If Ukraine fails this test, could the I do not want to deny that for the ness, and you act in politics. But if you door to Ukraine's European future be first year and a half there were some combine the two there is a risk of con- closed for 5 or say 10 years? reforms: postponing the retirement flict of interests. LB: I don't see any possibility that, age, removing some licenses, unbun- In Poland it is completely unimagi- judging by the responses I've read, dling the energy sector. But the most nable that you could be active in big that without the reversal of these po- important fundamental weaknesses business and at the same time head a litical trials or the continuation of this remain. ministry or government agency. Gen- sort of policy there would be any read- First, the unequal treatment of erally in Western Europe this is un- iness on behalf of European nations to business and close links between fa- imaginable. sign the treaty. vored business and power. Second, But being an ex-businessman or And there would be a great regret, which is related to the first, limited putting your business on hold, you can particularly in Poland, because in Po- competition. If you are a privileged be even better because some good land we are very sympathetic to the businessman, you usually enjoy better businessmen, who were good not be- positive changes in Ukraine, because protection and your competitors are cause of political connections but be- of a difficult history, and because we discriminated against. cause they were clever, persistent, are neighbors and we understand that Third, a fiscally fragile situation re- etc., may be better than economists. what happens in Ukraine is of geopo- lated to a high level of spending to They are usually more energetic and litical importance. An independent, GDP, which induces waste. Why is successful. democratic Ukraine is an indispens- Ukraine so dependent on Russia? Be- able part of the new European order, cause it's wasting a lot of energy. Even KP: One of the reasons why this sys- which is much better than the one that with low prices this contributes to fis- tem of crony capitalism persists is a existed under the Soviet Union. What cal fragility. sort of social pact. Ukraine spends a is happening in Ukraine is not only im- huge amount of money of social portant for Ukraine, but much more KP: Would you qualify Ukraine as a spending. How can Ukraine transform broadly. market economy? its social policy? There are a lot of supporters of LB: Certainly compared to the LB: First of all, social policy is Ukraine, but they have been deprived Soviet system it is hugely more mar- anti-social in Ukraine because it’s of arguments because of what has ket-based. But it is a distorted market badly targeted. If you subsidize fuel, happened in respect to Tymoshenko economy because of these political who gets more? Rich people because and Lutsenko. Deprived of the argu- connections, and this inequality pro- they use more fuel. People who have ments for closer cooperation of duces very uneven levels of protection palaces are much more subsidized as Ukraine with the European Union, of private business. You also have this they use more gas compared to peo- even for the most ardent supporters phenomenon of using informal ties to ple living in small apartments. like Poland. the state apparatus for your benefit as Secondly, other types of social There are many of them in Po- a private businessman – raiding. So spending are very poorly targeted. So land. it's nothing normal. This is not a nor- it is not true that this large social

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 59 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER spending protects mostly the poor. It massive protests by the younger gen- Avensis. benefits the richer people most of all eration, mobilized by . But then when I retired from the and undermines economic growth. public sector, and I could earn more In order to change you should not KP: In Ukraine, many top officials money – because in Poland if you be afraid of your own population. If you drive the most expensive of cars, like work in government you don't earn are very afraid and you postpone Bentleys, even if their official salaries much – then (three years ago) I bought change, then you may end up with are very low. What car did you drive an Audi A4. when you where in government? massive protests. This is the paradox Kyiv Post staff writer Jakub Pa- of leaders that are afraid of their own LB: When I was at the central bank, we had a seven-year old but rusinski can be reached at parusins- people. [email protected]. In Egypt they were afraid of re- very good Audi. Back in 2001 I found it moving fuel subsidies under [Hosni] very good so I didn't want to have a Read more: Mubarak. There are huge fuel subsi- newer car. Why should I? http://www.kyivpost.com/news/busi- dies in Egypt. But this did not prevent For a time being I had a [Soviet] ness/bus_focus/detail/125563/ the downfall of Mubarak because of Lada, but then I switched to a Toyota #ixzz1rFfn9Xox

Бальцeрович: Диктатура не призводить до процвітання

Якуб ПАРУСІНСЬКІ дописувач Київ Пост

прем'єр-міністра. танні: демократія як запорука ринко­ Аналогічна позиція Бальцерови- вої економіки та процвітання ча простежувалася і в викладацькій "Позитивного прикладу соціа­ діяльності, а також в інших політич- лізму не існує", сказав пан Бальце­ З іменем польського економіста Ле­ них питаннях, коли він не підсолод- рович. "Проте є ціла низка прикладів шека Бальцеровича пов'язують «шо­ жував гіркої правди, а також не оми- справжніх диктатур". кову терапію», що стимулювала шви­ нав непопулярних заходів. Після Професор наголосив, що окрім дкий та успішний перехід Польщі від трьох років на посаді Міністра фі- певних винятків як-от скажімо Сін­ соціалістичної до ринкової економі­ нансів Польщі та шести років на по- гапур, країни, в яких бракує свобо­ ки. – Костянтин Чернічкін саді голови центрального банку, він ди, нездатні забезпечити ані реалі­ У 1989 році Польща була на межі став одним із найбільш винахідливих зацію майнових прав, ані верховен­ економічного дефолту. політичних постатей Польщі, сама ж ства права. А без цього ті суб'єкти Деякі політики мали намір упо­ Польща мала одну із найбільш гнуч- господарювання, які не займаються вільнити реалізацію реформ, нама­ ких економічних систем у тогочас- політикою, просто неспроможні роз­ гаючись не допустити громадського ній Європі. виватися, оскільки вони позбавлені невдоволення. Авторитетний поль­ Центральна доповідь щорічної справедливої конкуренції. В свою ський макроекономіст Лешек Баль­ конференції інвестиційного банку чергу, такий клановий капіталізм – церович убачав вирішення проблеми "Dragon Capital", виголошена паном передумова стагнації. у пришвидшенні реформ. Бальцеровичем 22 березня, не сто­ Зазначена доповідь корелює із "Необхідно припинити цю не- сувалася ані питань фіскальної полі­ сутністю слів Міністра закордонних чесну гру, в якій люди вдають, що тики, ні заходів подолання фінансо­ справ Швеції Карла Більдта, який вони працюють, а держава вдає, що вої кризи. вважає, що ратифікації договорів вона оплачує таку роботу", – сказав Натомість, його тезис був зосе­ про вільну торгівлю та асоціацію він, перебуваючи тоді на посаді віце реджений на фундаментальному пи­ України з ЄС не буде доти, доки

60 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

опозиційні лідери залишатимуться причини, причина в неефективних цифічних умов. позбавленими волі. Зважаючи на режимах та поганій макроекономіч- Першою причиною є те, наскіль­ ситуацію, що склалася сьогодні в ній політиці. Коли країни бідні – то ки країни пройшли вперед по шляху Україні, за словами пана Бальцеро­ причини цьому не природні катак- імплементації ринкових реформ та вича, договір про вільну торгівлю з лізми та не природні ресурси; дійс- забезпечення захисту майнових ЄС "ніколи не буде укладений". ною причиною є неефективні режи- прав та верховенства права. Така позиція узгоджується із ми та погана макроекономічна полі- Другим показником є обсяг, в твердженнями міністра закордонних тика. якому країни зазнавали економічних справ Польщі Радослава Сікорського, Декому це добре відомо. Як ав­ злетів та падінь. Коливання такого який стверджує, що у відносинах із тор "Плану Бальцеровича" з рефор­ обсягу можуть пришвидшуватися за­ Росією пріоритетну роль займає мування соціалістичної економіки лежно від вливань державних коштів діяльність із виокремлення України Польщі після здобуття незалежності, чи надмірного зростання особистого із зони російського впливу. "Україна пан Бальцерович створив систему, кредитування, що спостерігалося – найважливіший позаатлантичний яка принесла країні процвітання та впродовж 2004-2008 років в Україні. стратегічний партнер. Ми все ще сприяла її членству в ЄС. «Криза 2009 року була зумов­ готові підтримувати її, у разі якщо План, відомий як шокова тера­ лена економічних курсом політикою. нею буде справді обрано європей­ пія, полягає в одночасній реалізації Це не була природна катастрофа», ський шлях", – зазначив пан Сікор­ найбільших економічних реформ. Бу­ сказав Бальцерович. ський. ло складно: люди були змушені звіль­ У інтерв'ю газеті "Kyiv Post" під Наголос у промові пана Бальце­ нятися із громадського сектору, про­ час конференції з питань інвестицій, ровича поставлений на важливості те наростаюча боргова криза та гі­ організованою компанією "Dragon верховенства права та майнових перінфляція, що наближалася до Capital", Бальцерович ґрунтовніше прав, без яких країна приречена на 50% в місяць, потребувала активної поділився своїми поглядами та стур­ економічну стагнацію. протидії. бованістю про Україну та її перспек­ Без проведеної чіткої межі між "Неможливо повільно загасити тиви. бізнесом та політикою, країна потра­ вогонь", казав тоді пан Бальцеро­ пляє до так званого "кланового капі­ вич. "Kyiv Post" (KP): Ваша промова талізму", зазначив пан Бальцерович. Обрана тактика видалася над­ була ніби оглядовий урок із ринкової За таких умов бізнес поділений на звичайно ефективною. Польща ста­ економіки та демократії. Здається, привілейовану меншість та пригніче­ ла не лише першою країною, котра що країна все ще не здійснила пе­ ну більшість, "коли індивід, а не вся подолала пост-соціалістичне потря­ реходу до ринкової економіки та де­ економіка, має можливості досягти сіння, мала найкращі показники зро­ мократії. Чи вважаєте Ви, що країна успіху", що є найбільшим промахом стання, але й стала єдиною євро­ опинилася в умовах кланового (ко­ із макроекономічної точки зору. пейською країною, котрій вдалося румпованого) капіталізму? "Це не просто несправедливо. уникнути рецесії 2009 року. Лешек Бальцерович: Україна, Це також неефективно", зазначив Аналізуючи ці реформи після відповідно до наявної в мене інфор­ він. спливу п'яти років, гарвардський мації, є демократичнішою від Росії. Заступники прем'єр-міністра економіст Джефрі Сахз, який був Основне питання: чи піде теперішнє України Валерій Хорошковський та радником багатьох перехідних уря­ керівництво України [президентом Сергій Тігіпко разом із новопризна­ дів, зазначив, що найрадикальніші РФ обраний Володимир Путін] на- ченим міністром економіки Петром реформатори "досягли найбільше на прямком Путіна, чи центральноєв- Порошенком мали брати участь у шляху до стабільності та зростання ропейським напрямком? Це важли- дебатах із паном Бальцеровичем. стандартів життя". Водночас, ті, хто ве питання для України та Європи. Пан Хорошковський спізнився обрав поступове реформування, як "Напрямок до Путіна" є невда- на 4 години. На той час польський скажімо Україна, спостерігають ли­ лим вибором, і з точки зору якості професор був у літаку дорогою до ше стагнацію. життя, і з точки зору економіки. До- Варшави. Пан Тігіпко та пан Поро- В той час, як політичні перешко­ свід центральноєвропейських країн шенко взагалі не з'явилився на за- ди в деяких країнах є найбільшими ілюструє, що можна комбінувати пе- хід. у порівнянні із іншими проблемами, реміщення у напрямі до повного ут- Вони так і не почули слова Баль- пан Бальцерович переконаний, що вердження демократії та ринкової церовича: "Причина бідності країн відмінності розвитку не залежать економіки без кланового (корумпо- не природні катаклізми чи природні від культурних особливостей чи спе­ ваного) капіталізму. При порівнянні центральноєвро-

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 61 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

пейського досвіду із найбільшими юзом. Шанси такі, що вибіркове не­ мендацій [по відношенню до еконо- колишніми-радянськими країнами правосуддя неодмінно буде зупине­ мічних реформ] стосовно України. (за винятком Балтійських країн), но у окремих національних парла­ Це не брак порад, але брак політич- однією із відмінностей є те, що там ментах. Кожен повинен пам'ятати, ної волі, що повинна стояти за полі- є капіталізм, але не клановий (ко- що Україна є не тільки країною яка тиками, що викликають описану румпований) капіталізм. Є чіткий подається (до ЄС – перекл.). Мол­ мною ситуацію. розподіл між політикою та бізнесом. дова чекає, а також і Грузія. Я не хочу заперечувати, що пер- У нас немає привілейованої мен- ші півтора року будуть окремі ре- шості та пригнобленої більшості біз- KP: Якщо Україна не складе цього форми: відкладення підвищення несменів, в той час, як в більшості іспиту, чи закриються двері до пенсійного віку, відміна окремих лі- колишніх радянських країн, за ви- українського європейського майбут­ цензій, роздроблення енергетич- нятком Балтійських країн, процвітає нього закритися на 5 чи 10 років? ного сектору. Але найбільш важливі клановий (корумпований) капіталізм. ЛБ: Я не бачу жодної можли­ основоположні слабкі сторони зали- Можна скористатися при цьому без- вості, що держави ЄС підпишуть цю шаються. цінним досвідом багатьох країн Угоду, якщо не будуть скасовані Насамперед, нерівноправне ста­ (включно із Латинською Америкою), політичні судові процеси та буде влення до бізнесу і тісні зв'язки між який ілюструє, що клановий (корум- продовжено таку модель політики. привілейованим бізнесом та владою. пований) капіталізм є набагато гір- І це стане величезним розчару­ По-друге, що пов'язане із першим, шим за економічне зростання. ванням, особливо у Польщі, оскільки це обмежена конкуренція. Якщо Ви в Польщі ми дуже симпатизуємо по­ привілейований бізнесмен, Ви завж- KP: У своїй промові Ви підсумували, зитивним змінам в Україні, через ди будете краще захищені, а Ваших що в Україні існують політичні пе­ важку історію та зважаючи на факт конкурентів будуть дискриміновані. реслідування. Наскільки важливо того, що ми є сусідами і ми розуміє­ По-третє, нестабільна фіскаль- для України вирішити цю пробле­ мо, що події в Україні є важливими в на ситуація, пов'язана із високим му? геополітичному контексті. Незалеж­ рівнем витрачання ВВП, що включає ЛБ: Це викликає дуже небажані на, демократична Україна є не­ розтрачанням. Чому Україна така спогади – особливо у Східній Європі від'ємною частиною нового Європей­ залежна від Росії? Тому що витра- – про показні судові процеси ста­ ського порядку, який набагато кра­ чає велику кількість енергії. Навіть лінського типу. Не можна сказати, щий, ніж той, що існував під час Ра­ із низькими цінами це сприяє неста- що в Україні є сталінізм. Проте асо­ дянського Союзу. Те, що відбуваєть­ більній фінансовій ситуації. ціативний ряд є саме таким яскра­ ся в Україні є важливим не тільки і вим, а реакції є сильними. не стільки для України, як у більш КP: Ви вважаєте Україну країною із По-друге, зрозуміла вибірковість широкому сенсі. ринковою економікою? випадку [ув'язненої екс-Прем'єр-Мі­ Існує багато прихильників, що ЛБ: Звичайно, порівняно зі ра­ ністра Юлії] Тимошенко та [ув'язне­ підтримують Україну, але вони по­ дянською системою вона більш рин­ ного екс-Міністра внутрішніх справ збавлені аргументів, коли мова йде кова. Проте це спотворена ринкова Юрія] Луценка. Це зрозуміла вибір­ про Тимошенко та Луценко. Позбав­ економіка через ці політичні зв'язки, ковість і я не думаю, що хтось може лені аргументів для тіснішої співпра­ а ця нерівність породжує дуже різні навіть назвати це вибірковим право­ ці України із Європейським Союзом, рівні захисту приватного бізнесу. Ви суддям, але швидше вибірковим не­ навіть для найревніших, як Польща. також маєте цей феномен викорис­ правосуддям. Є багато із цих прихильників у тання неформальних зв'язків у дер­ По-третє, існує твердження, що Польщі. жавному апараті для своєї вигоди саме рішення судів у вищенаведених І тоді Ви читаєте, що Карл як бізнесмена – рейдерство. Отже, справах не викликають довіри. Ніхто Більдт сказав із Радеком Сікорським, це ненормально. Це не нормальна у це не вірить. І це правильно. Осо­ що "пропонувати ратифікацію торгі­ ринкова економіка. Хороше змагання бисто я в це не вірю. вельної угоди у національних парла­ означає виграш за здібностями, а По-четверте, якщо це вибіркове ментах – це політичний суїцид", зва­ не за політичними зв'язками та не­ неправосуддя не скасують, я не ба­ жаючи на те, що трапилося. формальними діями щодо репресій чу жодного шансу для ратифікації державного та податкового апара­ чи чогось такого, що є важливим для KP: Якщо б Ви були лідером чи ту. України, говорячи в економічній пло­ Прем'єр-Міністром України, які б щині: повна та зрозуміла Угода про були Ваші 5 чи 10 кроків? КP: Чи можуть багаті бізнесмени вільну торгівлю із Європейським Со­ ЛБ: Довгий час була низка реко­ стати хорошими політиками?

62 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

ЛБ: Чому ні? Окремі з них мо­ переваги насамперед більш забез­ ЛБ: Коли я працював у цент- жуть бути кращими, ніж професори печеним людям та сповільнюють ральному банку, ми мали семирічну, економіки, особливо марксисти та економічне зростання. але дуже добру "Ауді". Тоді у 2001 кейнсіанці (сміється). Я це не оціню­ Для того, щоб робити зміни, Ви році, вона здавалася мені дуже доб- ватиму. Питання, щоб бути колиш­ не повинні боятися власного насе­ рою, тому мені не хотілося новішого німи бізнесменами, означає, що ви лення. Якщо Ви дуже боїтеся і від­ авто. Для чого мені щось інше? заробляєте свої гроші, що добре, кладатимете реформи, то Ваша ка­ Раніше у мене була [радянська] якщо Ви заробляєте їх чесно, потім р'єра може закінчитися масовими Лада, проте потім я перейшов на Ви відходите від бізнесу і заробля­ протестами. Це є парадоксом ліде­ "Тойоту Авентіс". єте їх у політиці. Але якщо Ви поєд­ рів, що бояться свого власного наро­ Але коли я вийшов на пенсію піс- нуєте обидва заняття є ризик кон­ ду. ля публічної служби та отримав мо­ флікту інтересів. У Польщі повністю У Єгипті вони боялися відібрати жливість заробляти більше грошей не можна уявити, що Ви можете пра­ субсидії на пальне у [Хосні] Мубара- – оскільки у Польщі якщо ти пра- цювати у великому бізнесі та у цей ка. У Єгипті висока ставка субсидій цюєш в уряді – ти не заробляєш ба- самий час очолювати міністерство на пальне. Але це не вберегло па­ гато – потім (три роки тому) я купив чи урядове відомство. Та й взагалі у діння Мубарака, завдяки масовим "Ауді". Західній Європі таке уявити немо­ протестам молоді, зорганізованої Штатний дописувач Київ Пост жливо. Але будучи бізнесменом у через Фейсбук. Яків Парузінський. Звертатися за минулому чи передавши Ваш бізнес адресою: [email protected]. комусь, Ваші шанси стати добрим по­ KP: В Україні, багато високопоса­ літиком зростають, оскільки деякі довців їздять на найдорожчих авто, Читати більше: хороші бізнесмени, які були хороши­ як-от "Бентлі", навіть за умов коли http://www.kyivpost.com/news/ ми не через політичні зв'язки, а їхні офіційні зарплати дуже низькі. business/bus_focus/detail/125563/ оскільки вони були розумними, напо­ Яким було Ваше авто, коли Ви пра- #xzz1rFfn9Xo легливими тощо, можуть бути кра­ цювали в парламенті? щими за економістів. Вони зазвичай енергійніші та більш успішні.

KP: Однією із причин функціону­ вання цієї системи кланового (корум­ пованого) капіталізму є так званий соціальний договір. Україна витра­ чає велику кількість коштів на захо­ ди соціального забезпечення. Як Україна може змінити свою соціаль­ ну політику? ЛБ: Перш за все, соціальна по­ літика є антисоціальна за сутністю в Україні, оскільки в неї неналежні пріоритети. Якщо Ви субсидуєте па­ ливо, хто отримує більше державної підтримки? Забезпечені люди, оскільки вони використовують біль­ ше палива. Власники палаців є більш субсидійованими, оскільки вони ви­ користовують більше газу в порівнян­ ні із мешканцями невеликих квар­ тир. По-друге, та сама проблема пріоритетів стосується інших типів соціальних витрат. Неправда, що ве­ ликі соціальні витрати захищають здебільшого бідних. Вони надають Anatoliy Mintenko sitting at table with Olivier Ballou and father Heorhiy.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 63 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Orwell's 'Animal Farm' and Ukrainian Refugees

by Brigid McCARTHY April 3, 2012, Post a Comment http://www.theworld.org/2012/04/orwell-animal-farm-ukrainians/ http://www.facebook.com/crocodilerivertour many years ago. I'm 76 now. But defi- any royalties, and even agreed to write nitely this book made a splash." a preface for the Ukrainian edition, In fact, Animal Farm was required and it remains the most detailed and reading in some DP camps. personal description of how he came George Orwell wrote his l945 master- to write the book that made him world piece, "Animal Farm", to expose what The First Orwell Fans famous. he called "the Soviet myth". Orwell an- After the war, there were nearly "I am aware that I write for read- gered many of his friends on the left three million Ukrainian refugees in ers about whom I know nothing, but with his allegorical novel about Stalin western Europe. Most, like Keis' fami- also that they too have probably never and the . ly, came from the Soviet Union. had the slightest opportunity to know But "Animal Farm" was an instant "I would say we were the first Or- anything about me," Orwell began. classic with an unexpected group of well fans," he said, laughing. “He basically said, please let me readers – Ukrainian refugees from the Because Orwell's story described introduce myself and humbly tell you Soviet Union. One of them was Vitalij what they'd lived through – from the how I feel about your government and Keis. idealism of the Russian Revolution to the events that you recognize in Ani- When Keis was a kid, he spent six Stalin's forced collectivization, famine, mal Farm,” Chalupa said. years in a Displaced Persons camp and mass arrests. Orwell told his Ukrainian readers for Ukrainians right after World War II. "This was right after World War II, that he was a Socialist, more out of The camp was on a former military and was very fresh in memory," Keis sympathy for the plight of the working base in West Germany. said. "My family, one fifth of my family poor than out of any theoretical fond- One day, his teacher recommend- was exiled to Siberia, and we never ness for a centrally planned economy. ed a brand new book by the British found any trace of them." He then explained how in l936, af- writer George Orwell. It was "Animal Andrea Chalupa is Vitalij Keis' ter the outbreak of the Spanish Civil Farm." niece. She's also the author of a new War, he went to fight with the Commu- "This was in Ukrainian, not in Eng- e-book, "Orwell and the Refugees: nists against the Fascists. He didn’t lish," Keis said. The Untold Story of Animal Farm." realize there were warring factions He had picked up translation of She said a young Ukrainian schol- among the Communists, and that he Orwell's novel at the camp commis- ar named Ihor Shevchenko wrote to had, more or less by accident, joined sary. Several thousand copies had Orwell in l946, after reading "Animal the Communist militia that wasn’t con- been printed by hand at another Ukrai- Farm" in English. According to Chalu- trolled by Moscow. nian DP camp. pa, he wrote that he'd love to translate "And he goes on to tell the story in "From what I understand, it was the novel. the preface of being in Spain on the the first translation," he said, in any "The message of your book reso- frontlines, of almost being killed, of be- foreign language. It was l947. Keis nates with me and I translated it out ing with his wife and running for their vaguely remembers discussing the loud to Ukrainian refugees here, and lives from the Stalinists, and how that book with his mother, who read it too. they love it, and we want to make cop- opened his eyes for the first time to "You have to remember, this was ies and give it out to people." the horror of Stalin," Chalupa said. Orwell was delighted. He refused

64 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade "On my return from Spain I thought of In l945, Stalin demanded the re- stuffed cabbage," Chalupa said, "I was exposing the Soviet myth in a story patriation of all Soviet citizens in west- telling them what I'd been up to, and that could be easily understood by al- ern Europe. Most of the Ukrainian ref- about Orwell and the refugees and most anyone and which could be eas- ugees were rounded up from DP "Animal Farm". And my uncle just ily translated into other languages." camps, and sent back to the Soviet looks at me and says, "Oh yeah, I have Orwell said he wrote "Animal Union, with help from the British and a copy of that book." Farm" so that people in Western Eu- American authorities. It was his copy of "Animal Farm" rope would see the Soviet regime for Vitalij Keis's family escaped repa- from the DP camp. He'd kept it all what it really was. triation. They moved to the United these years. "In my opinion, nothing has con- States in l951, when Keis was a teen- He then gave it to his niece as a tributed so much to the corruption of ager. He later became a professor of gift. the original idea of Socialism as the comparative literature and writing at Andrea Chalupa keeps it in a belief that Russia is a Socialist country Rutgers University. glass case at her parents' house. The and that every act of its rulers must be A couple of years ago, Keis' niece cover shows large, menacing pig excused, if not imitated," Orwell wrote Andrea came over for dinner. Even learning against a fence, clutching a in the preface. though she'd been working on a proj- whip. Boxer, the story's long-suffering "So Orwell was moved to say ect about Ukrainian and Soviet history, workhorse, is in the background, pull- that's not socialism everybody, stop she'd only just learned about the ing a heavy wagon up a hill. just blindly supporting it. The Russian Ukrainian edition of "Animal Farm". Revolution, that spirit is over, it's dead. "And over dinner, which was of Stalin's killed it," said Chalupa. course and vareniky and

"Ukraine at the Crossroads" 2011 – A Year in Review. "Ukraine at the Crossroads" Conference

by James SHERR Senior Fellow, Royal Institute of International Affairs Chatham House, March 8, 2012, Ottawa

[Dorohi Druzhi] revolution in thinking and practice I will have the temerity to open by takes place, Russia's governing elites noting that this is my fourth visit to Ot- will continue to regard Ukraine's inde- ple'. This sentiment is not confined to tawa. I feel privileged to be back and pendence as an historical aberration the current regime or President-elect delighted to be among so many old and an anti-Russian geopolitical proj- Putin, although he (and President acquaintances. I also feel gratified to ect. This is my first point. Medvedev) feels these things with be introduced by my good friend Rob- Ukraine is seen as a part of Rus- particular intensity. That intensity is ert Amsterdam whom I see often at sia's identity.The notion that "St. Pe- shared by a number of liberals who various diplomatic roundtables at tersburg is the brain, Moscow is the despise Putin and Putinism. Ver- Chatham House. heart and Kyiv is the 'mother' of Rus- nadsky's axiom "democracy in Russia Given my topic, I suspect that the sia" is deeply embedded in the psyche ends where the question of Ukraine question foremost on your minds is of Russians across a broad spectrum begins", is as relevant as it was 100 the following: "What will we be able of opinion. Those who hold these years ago. It was Alexey Navalny who expect from Russia-Ukraine relations views regard the charge of neo-impe- said recently in Ukraine on public TV after Putin's election 'victory'?" rialism with incomprehension; they re- that "we are, practically speaking, one Let us first understand what is not gard Ukrainians, Byelorussians and and the same narod". going to change. Unless and until a Russians as branches of a single 'peo- With respect to Ukraine, Putin has

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 65 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER been pursuing 'identity politics'. His integrity but patron-client relation- knows that the next presidential term approach has been multidimensional, ships, opaque 'understandings' [po­ is not going to be like the last one. focused and intense. This dimension nyatiya] and privileged relations be- First, "the teflon has worn off"; the il- of policy (unlike energy policy or CIS tween business structures and power lusions are gone. Second, whilst Rus- integration) has aroused no reaction structures on every level. It is also sia is not in bad economic shape to- or defiance from the current authori- based on money – lots of money – day, the trends and dynamics are not ties in Ukraine, and it has attracted lit- which is used not only to maintain favorable. Thirdly, the entire economic tle notice abroad. Identity politics will these patron-client networks internal- construct/model will find itself under not diminish. Had the Orange Revolu- ly, but also to expand them abroad, threat if, as is quite possible in the tion produced a transformation of the outside the former Soviet Union, so as next five years, the price of oil falls be- socio-political order in Ukraine – and a to undermine the ethos and regulatory low 80 dollars a barrel and stays new relationship between Ukraine and structures and mechanisms of the Eu- there. the rest of Europe – the reality today ropean Union. And therefore, this re- So the initial question is: When would have been very different. The lationship – between these two very will these strains become apparent to statist-'civilisational' defence of Rus- different models of economics – is not those who today feel so strong? sia's 'distinctiveness', the rejection of simply confined to bilateral relations The second question is: how the liberal democracy, would appear in- with Ukraine; it affects all of Europe. system will react when it is under creasingly false and hollow. Russians As Moscow sees it, the European strain? And this is something to worry would naturally ask, 'if Ukraine can Union is building not only an economic about because in response to pres- prosper under this "Western" model, frontier, but a new 'Iron Curtain' that is sure, Russia's power structures rarely then why is it inappropriate for us?’ moving east. They seek to move it retreat in orderly, linear fashion. They The myth of a ‘common identity' – west. And the fact that , manoeuvre obliquely, launch counter- rightly or wrongly conceived – would and Lithuania are part of EU and offensives on other fronts and in zones make 'Ukraine in Europe' a challenge NATO is not seen by them, at this of weakness, try to change the rules to the legitimacy of the current socio- point, as much of a deterrent. and the game. Putin has been brought political order in Russia. For this rea- Today, the post-Soviet economic up in this world and thrives in it. Soask son alone, Ukraine's future is a vital system is Ukraine's economic system. yourself what the reaction would be in Russian interest: certainly under Putin The failure of the Orange tandem to Washington, Brussels, Ottawaif, at the and possibly under his successor. understand, to address it – indeed to end of this year, Dmitry Medvedev My second point is that, in the make it the top priority – preserved having shown himself to be palpably perception of the current Russian au- Ukraine's greatest vulnerability when incapable of managing the national thorities, the the geopolitical frame- the tandem was in power; now, Yanu- economy, is thanked for his services work has become darker, tougher and kovych is strengthening the construct. and Alexey Kudrin, a very principled more Darwinian. In the 1990s, the au- Is he strengthening it to help Russia? person, is brought in as his successor. thorities in Moscow had a positive No! He is strengthening it to help him- He is indeed a principled individual view of the European Union because self. President Yanukovych would pre- and a consummate professional. He is they saw the European project as fer that Ukraine have an Association also a very robust critic of current a counter to the dominance of NATO Agreement with the EU than join the macro-economic policy. But he has al- and the United States. But over the Russian – dominated CIS Customs ways been‘a korporativniy chelovyek’, last ten years, they have come, cor- Union. But he would rather be presi- as has his original patron, Anatoliy rectly, to appreciatethat the EU, be- dent of a Ukraine that is joining the Chubais. He has not directed his eco- fore all else, is a mechanism of inte- Customs Union than not be president nomic critique, let alone anger, against gration on the basis of a political and of a Ukraine that is joining EU. And the real sinews of the system: the hid- socio-economic model strikingly at this scheme of priorities needs to be den web of privileges and preroga- variance with that which has arisen in understood. tives that link money and power in Russia and. for that matter, most of Now, let's look forward. On the Russia. If Kudrin had carte blanche to the post-Soviet space. morrow of his election victory, Vladimir do as he pleased, it is certain that his That model is network- driven Putin feels very strong – in the so- reforms would be good, but it is not rather that market-driven; it is not mo- called 'near abroad' and at home. And certain that they would be truly sys- tivated by an ethos of competitiveness whileI hate to say it, the present wave temic. Yet even if [he returns with lim- but an ethos of monopoly; it is not of opposition has crested. ited powers, it is almost inevitable that founded on property rights and judicial But, at the same time, even Putin leading decision-makers in the West

66 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade would breathe a sigh of relief and de- dent has built upon his predecessor's factors today that cushion this truth clare that Putin, at long last, is return- record of malpractice in an energy and divert the attention of Russia's ing to his 'original' reformist path. At sector which could be a source of leaders from it: not least, the Euro cri- that point, what will the people in this profit and influence to Ukraine, but sis and the debilities of its own neigh- room do or say, and who will be listen- which instead has become one of its bours. The premonition that one is ing to them? greatest liabilities. That liability is rep- strong today but will be weak tomor- These uncertainties should re- utational as well as economic. It has row is a dangerous influence on an mind us of a basic truth. The 'system' enabled Russia to present a commer- ambitious power. Yet that is where in Russia is bigger that Putin, and it cially outlandish project, South Russia finds itself at the beginning of can get rid of him. Today, there are Stream, as necessary and viable. what some are calling Putin's fourth approximately one hundred billion- When we add to this Putin's relent- term. Predictions are rash for experts. aires in Russia. If you look at the orga- lessness, willingness to brave risk and But I will close with one. In this fourth nizational charts of power provided by sheer force of will, it looks increasingly term, Putin will go for closure with Russian political scientists, you will likely that this 'virtual project' will be Ukraine. Who is ready for this possi- see 50 to 100 individuals at the core of built. bility? Who is even considering it? the system. At least half of them are The fact is that in the energy My time is up, ladies and gentle- people who never feature in Western sphere as in others, Russia's strategic men, and rather than make recom- discussions, and a large part of them assets are diminishing, not increasing. mendations, I think this might be a are simply unknown beyond a tiny cir- When it comes to prolonging the life of gracious moment for me to close and cle of experts. Yet they are 'the sys- an outmoded system, Russia has unri- turn the floor over to my friend and tem' as much as Putin is. So are hun- valled expertise. When it comes to sometime colleague, Andrey Andreyv- dreds, perhaps thousands, in the sec- abandoning outmoded thinking, it is ich Piontkovski. Thank you very much ond and third echelons, all of whom poorer than most. There are many for your attention. exercise power in the same way. So are security and intelligence profes- sionals, many of whom are sophisti- cated enough to know that if the sys- tem does not reform itself, it will not survive. And then there is the mental- ity of the system, which shapes mil- lions. These people and this mentality define the status quo, and we should not underestimate the creativity of those who seek to preserve it. Since Tsarist times, that creativity was not only directed at suppressing oppo- nents, but co-opting, penetrating and dividing them. Where are today's lines of division, and who are today's oppo- sition 'projects'? What do the changes in Russia mean for Ukraine? We know several things perfectly well. First, the energy issue is not going away. Ukrainians understand better than most that Gaz- prom is not a business, but a power. Profit, geo-economics, geopoli- tics, security and intelligence are inex- tricably intertwined in its operations. Yet Russian energy policy has dam- aged Ukraine less than Ukraine has James Sherr with CUPP Interns and Alumni damaged itself. Each Ukrainian presi- at CUPP Oxford Conference, April 2011.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 67 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Ukrainians of Irkutsk A Part of Multiethnic Siberian Society

Andrei ZAVIALOV Irkutsk State University Intern to Peggy Nash, MP for Toronto, Ontario 2012 Anne Mazurenko Scholarship recipient

1764), part of the Ukrainian kozak Innocent (Kulchytsky) descended from Мы всё те же украинцы, starshyna (public administration) was the Chernihiv governorate by birth and Хоть уже сибиряки, exiled to Cis-Baikal. Prior to this, fol- studied at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. К дружбе мы давно стремимся, lowers of Maksym Zaliznyak during St. Innocent (Nerunovych) and St. So- Это дело нам с руки. the Koliyivshchyna (a Ukrainian peas- frony (Krystalevsky) were also from ant revolt in Right-Bank Ukraine, Ukraine. Главное – всем быть нам вместе, against the Polish-Lithuanian Com- A mass exodus of Ukrainian peas- Речь родную не забыть, monwealth) were convicted to katorha ants began at the end of the 1860s. It Чтоб запеть «чарівні» песни – penal servitude – in the region. Zal- was foremost the result of a shortage И Украину любить! iznyak, however, never served his of soil in Ukraine. At the time, settle- (Олександр Іванюк) punishment. ments with characteristic names such At the beginning of the nineteenth as Kyivka, Chernihivka, Poltavka, The Irkutsk region is historically home century, Ukrainian decemberists, Volynka, and Besarabka arose. The to various ethnic groups, including members of the United Slavs, revolu- Tsarist government encouraged the Russians, Buryats, Belarusians, Ger- tionary populists, social democrats, voluntarily exploitation of Siberia: low mans, Tatars, and Ukrainians. Over participants of peasant revolts, and taxes and the possibility to acquire a the course of four-and-a-half centuries some public and cultural figures were big piece of land. An 1897 Russian each ethnic group has come to share exiled to Siberia by court order. Many census of the empire showed that this territory with their neighbours. Ukrainians were forced into the Sibe- 2,177 Ukrainians lived in Irkutsk. However, few are aware of the reason rian kozak armies. When the 1906 Stolypin reform passed why Ukrainians first began to migrate In Cis-Baikal Ukrainians succeed- in Russia, there came the largest im- to this land. ed in obtaining positions amongst the migration of Ukrainians to the region The first Ukrainians arrived in Cis- higher echelons of power. Some in the pre-revolution period. Baikal in 1642. In that year the Mos- Ukrainians even joined the Siberian The Russian Revolution ignited cow government exiled 188 kozaks administration. Nikolay Sulima, gover- the political activity of almost all the from Sloboda-Ukraine to the Lena Riv- nor general of East Siberia, for exam- population of Siberia, especially in er. At the end of 1650 the supporters ple, was an ethnic Ukrainian. Ukraini- Cis-Baikal. Due to the revolution, con- of hetman Ivan Vyhovsky were exiled ans also participated in the building, siderable possibilities opened for the to Irkutsk as well. In 1660 the oppo- development, and management of the Ukrainian settlers and military, aided nents of hetman Ivan Briukhovetsky region's factories and plants. by the formation of cultural organiza- and in 1670 the , During the eighteenth and nine- tions and newspapers. Demian Mnohohrishny and all his rela- teenth centuries, Ukrainians engaged The population of the Irkutsk re- tives faced the same fate. Mnohohrish- in the exploration and research of Si- gion did not suffer heavy losses in the ny was held in an Irkutsk prison, was berian and Far Eastern lands. Grigory civil war-period nor the revolution and released in 1688, and later became a Novitsky, for example, was the author famine of 1921-1922; and yet the in- monk. of the first ethnographic monograph in flow of immigrants from other parts of After the Battle of Poltava in 1709 the , "A Short De- the former empire all but ceased. In some supporters of hetman Mazepa scription About the Ostyak Ethnic this period a policy of "nativization" were also exiled to Irkutsk. Half a cen- Group". (korenizatsiya) was practiced. Schools tury later in 1768, as a result of liqui- Ukrainians occupied a special where the languages of different dating the Zaporizhian Host (or, Kozak place in the church life of Cis-Baikal. USSR ethnic groups were taught be- Hetmanate, an autonomous body in The first ruling bishop of East Siberia gan to appear. In Cis-Baikal a few the Ukrainian region during 1654- – bishop of Irkutsk and Nerchinsk – St. schools that instructed in Ukrainian

68 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade were opened. However, by the mid- al figure of the musical theater, took head of the Ukrainian cultural center. 1930s "nativisation" had become "rus- the first step to organizing a Ukrainian In 2007, the Ukrainian cultural sification". As a result, most of the eth- community in Irkutsk. He invited to his center Dnipro celebrated its 15th an- nocentric schools were closed. In 1926 informal gatherings those who desired niversary with a concert that show- and 1939 two censuses of the popula- to preserve their Ukrainian culture and cased Ukrainian culture. tion were officially conducted. Accord- language. In 2008, library #13 was renovated ing to the 1926 census, 3,959 Ukraini- The Irkutsk ethnic-center for and Dnipro needed to find a new ans resided in the Irkutsk region; and Ukrainians, "Klekit", was registered in "home". For a short while, the center's by 1939, this number had grown to 1992. The preservation and develop- property was stored in the chairman's 47,110 persons. ment of the Ukrainian language and garage. In the same year, a Ukrainian At the onset of World War II many culture became the primary goal of Saturday school opened at the center. plants and factories were dismantled the center, assisting the development At the school students study Ukrainian in Ukraine, a few of which were rebuilt of international relations in the region. language, literature and culture, and in the Irkutsk region. The Soviet power Klekit was situated in library #13 is attended by students aged 12 to 57. had brought many Ukrainians accused of Irkutsk. Kyiv donated books from On average, there are seven students of being involved with the Ukrainian the first library of Ukrainian literature per class. Insurgent Army from Western Ukraine to the center. Exhibitions of folk-art In 2009, students of the Musical to Siberia and the internment camps were recorded and holidays celebrat- College of Irkutsk performed Semen of the Gulag. ed. Members of the center worked Hulak-Artemovsky's "A Zaporozhian In 1950 an intensive migratory ex- closely with the library staff to draft a Kozak Beyond The Danube" (Запоро­ change with the Irkutsk region began constitution. The creation of such an жець за Дунаєм) and the singers of with Ukraine. Enormous numbers of organization in the Irkutsk region re- Dnipro's Slavyane choir were invited students, laborers, and workers from sulted in the establishment of numer- to assist in the teaching of correct the Baikal-Amur Mainline and other ous contacts, both with Ukraine and Ukrainian pronunciation. Performed developmental giants arrived in the Ir- the Ukrainian diasporas from around before an audience the opera met with kutsk region. the world. Klekit's members even par- great success. Between 1959 and 1989 the Ukrai- ticipated in world conventions and At the beginning of 2011, Yerofey nian presence in Cis-Baikal began to competitions. One of Klekit's perma- Vasiliev met with the mayor of Irkutsk, show "wave dynamics" – a cycle of di- nent exhibitions is titled "Голос Victor Kondrashov, and reported to minishing and increasing figures. Ac- України" (Voice of Ukraine) and ac- him about Dnipro's fundamental prob- cording to a 1959 census, 97,184 quaints visitors with books and peri- lem – a lack of space. The mayor as- Ukrainians resided in the Irkutsk re- odicals donated by institutions in Kyiv, sisted the center in procuring an gion at the time; by 1970 this number Dnipropetrovsk, Melitopol, Sumy, Lviv, . All the property of Dnipro fell to 84,356, rose to 90,767 by 1979, and other cities of Ukraine. was transported there by March. and fell again to 97,405 by 1989. The In 1995, Klekit's "Slavyane" choir In the beginning of 2012 Natalia fall in population was initially due to was formed, singing in both Ukrainian Vitt became the head of Dnipro. consequences of World War II – and Russian under the direction of Irkutsk Ukrainians annually par- plants, factories, and peoples being Stepan Ilyashenko. In 1996, Nikolay ticipate in their city and regional cul- transferred back to Ukraine alongside Sribnyak departed for Ukraine, where ture – from participating in the cele- a settling economy; the following he became the bishop of Sumy, in the brations of Ivana Kupala and Trinity, growth came from the Ukrainian pop- Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Kyiv to those of Russia Day and Victory ulation's mastering of Siberia's re- Patriarchy. That day, Nikolay Silves- Day. They also celebrate Christmas, sources in 1970-1980s; and the re- trov has taken Sribnyak's place as Easter, Shevchenko Day, Ukrainian newed depletion of population by 1989 chairman of Klekit. Activity at the cen- Independence Day, and Ukrainian can be attributed to the disintegration ter has had a great influence on the Language Day, to name a few. of the USSR. Peoples began to seek cultural life of the region in recent Irkutsk Ukrainians involve them- out their historical "Motherlands". Ac- years. selves in all spheres of society – in cording to a 2002 census, only 53,631 In 2000, on the initiative of Vitaly politics, culture, health, defense, and Ukrainians remained in the Irkutsk re- Rogal, a celebrated Russian folk-art- science. They also actively participate gion, 10,000 of whom resided in Ir- ist, "Klekit" was renamed "Dnipro". in the development of the Russian kutsk city. And in 2001, Yerofey Vasiliev, another state. In 1991 Nikolay Sribnyak, a cultur- celebrated Russian artist, became the of Cis-Baikal are

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 69 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER primarily descendants of those mi- 1917, 263 years after the Treaty of Як здасться, що втратив життєвий grants who in the past were subjected Pereyaslav. Since then, Ukrainians рушій, to oppression and coercive adminis- have contributed their diaspora to І буде чужим все, що є навкруги: trative policies. Today, Ukrainians as many countries, especially Russia; Всі речі навколо – твої вороги. an ethnic group are in no way different they have made a home on Siberian Лише посміхнися і спробуй from the other ethnic groups in the re- land, preserving Ukraine in their згадати, gion – they earn a living, grow rich, hearts; and they have contributed to Що долю не можемо ми обирати. become poor, and raise families like the vast and rich multiethnic mosaic of Доля від дому, буває, закине, anyone else. their region. Slava Ukraini! Та де ти живеш, там і є Україна! The Ukrainian state was formed in Як сумно стане і тяжко в душі, (Олександр Дмитрів)

Russian Youth's Political Concerns Two Interviews with Russian Young People

Ganna TSELIKOVSKA University of Vaasa (Finland) Intern to Hon. Mark Eyking, MP, Sydney–Victoria, Nova Scotia 2012 Dr. Roman & Barbara Humeniuk Scholarship recipient [email protected]

Interview with Alena Lazuk (23), Mas- G: – Do you see any hope for changes someone", not "for someone". Or, it ter's student in Intercultural Studies in in the political situation? can be called "for whatever it will be, Communication and Administration, A: – Frankly speaking, I do not; I but not this one". Moreover, in the cur- University of Vaasa, Finland. believe we are now in the political rent opposition there all the parties gridlock. Well, probably, there could except one (the United Russia), and Ganna: – What is your attitude to- have been sort of a revolutionary way they do not have a leader or coordina- wards the last parliamentary elections out.Although; I personally do not be- tor capable of uniting people and in Russia? lieve it is possible in the current situa- changing the way things are. Alena: – I cannot say that I have a tion in Russia. Fortunately because definite opinion on the last parliamen- the outcomes of such revolution can G: – What is your attitude towards tary elections. On one hand, they be unpredictable, especially in such Ukraine and the Ukrainians? seem to be rigged till some point, on big country as Russia.Also, noone is A: – I have normal attitude to- the other, the United Russia still has sure for the moment, that the country wards Ukraine and Ukrainians. I have the parliamentary majority. However, needs big changes. The truth is there no special opinion about Ukrainians in it does not have the constitutional ma- is no clear alternative for what we general, except for those I know. I jority anymore, so parties have to form have now. Probably, this uncertainty guess, the fact that we have been coalitions to approve any document. comes from lack of information, of links linked for centuries in different ways is At the same time the final decision is between people and power. a fact, and it is quite stupid not to rec- still made by the United Russia be- ognize it. I do not really like the degree cause even if all the others form a co- G: – How would you assess the ac- of nationalism in Ukraine, though I alition, they do not have the necessary tions of Russian opposition? Do you have never lived in a newly indepen- minimum of votes to pass the law. think it has bright personalities able to dent country, so I cannot judge here; So, I cannot say that I am satisfied take power? and again, it refers only to Ukrainians or dissatisfied the elections results. I A: – Basically, I have already re- whom I know personally. I cannot say do not have a common opinion on the plied above. I would not call all those anything about all the others. subject. people a real opposition. It has a very What really hurts me is to see how big weakness – it is more "against some young Ukrainians treat veterans

70 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade and the degree of neofascism in some I would like to say that one cannot among the opposition. There are some parts of the country, but it is not only stay noninvolved, it is necessary to worthy personalities. However, to my Ukrainian problem, unfortunately. make a commitment. To my mind, at mind, they are not a part of the direct the Russian political arena we lack a opposition. G: – What is the reason that in 2004 new strong player who would pursue the Orange Revolution happened in national interests. G: – What is your attitude towards Ukraine, while in 2011 the revolution in Ukraine and the Ukrainians? Russia failed? G: – Do you see any hope for changes E: – Ukraine is certainly a beauti- A: – Well, I do not know the rea- in the political situation? ful country with rich history, culture, sons for the Ukrainian Orange Revolu- E: – I hope that the changes will and traditions. It appeals to me. I love tion at all, not only why it was success- come. It is the only thing I can say. the Ukrainian language. Many of my ful. As for Russia, I would not say friends and good friends in one way or there was even something close to the G: – How would you assess the ac- another connected with Ukraine. In revolution. There was nothing to fail, tions of Russian opposition? Do you this context I do not want to talk about basically. There is a possibility that it think it has bright personalities able to politics because it destroys the friend- has not been over yet, in March we take power? ship. have presidential elections. Though, I E: – Russian opposition does not hope it will proceed as quietly as pos- walk its talk. People need the result G: – What is the reason that in 2004 sible in the current situation. not empty promises. It was this way the Orange Revolution Happened in before. Today there are new figures at Ukraine, while in 2011 the revolution in the Russian political arena. They Russia failed? Interview with Elena Albutova (25), come out of hiding, and someone is E: – I do not think that the 2011 Media worker, Multilingual newspaper likely interested in this process. revolution in Russia failed. It was the Borders off (www.bordersoff.ru), Uly- The most important thing is that first step, we can see it from the re- anovsk, Russia. the power should be taken not for the cent events. It can be rightly said that Ganna: – What is your attitude to- sake of itself but for sake of people. this is not a civil revolution, but an or- wards the last parliamentary elections So far I do not see such persons ange one. in Russia? Elena: – Nowadays it is more and more difficult to distinguish truth and justice. This mainly refers to politics, and the elections are not the excep- tion. It is difficult to talk objectively about the last parliamentary elections in Russia because the media, Inter- net, word of mouse, movements and activities – many "platforms" were overflown with misleading information. It turned out the other day that many videos about falsifications were edited and broadcasted from an U.S.-regis- tered server. Unfortunately, media does not destroy stereotypes. On the contrary they promote spread of ste- reotypes. I cannot but mention one more point – globalization. Elections always were the national concern. However, nowadays they have international fea- tures and geopoliticians are trying to decide issues of the country, which L to R: Dmytro Kondratiuk (Oxford), British Ambassador to Ukraine, they are not citizens of. I always sup- Leigh Turner and Ukrainian Ambassador to the UK, port fair choice and fair elections. Volodymyr Khandogiy at Oxford Conference.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 71 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Electoral Systems in Ukraine. Our Experience and our Prospects

Alona FURDA Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Intern to Linda Duncan, MP, Edmonton–Strathcona, Alberta 2012 Dr. Maria Fischer-Slysh Scholarship reciepient

What can be interesting, exciting for the existing systems in Ukraine. society and, at the same time, profit- The electoral system, which was didates was the significant drawback able for political scientists and sociolo- used during the first parliamentary that led to extensive debates. It was gists? Elections. Firstly the institute of elections, was majoritarian. It is the clear that the entrance to Verkhovna elections was used in ancient Greece oldest electoral system, dating back at Rada was open to unpopular, obscure, and Rome, and throughout the Medi- least to the 12th century, and also the and sometimes incompetent politi- eval period in order to select rulers simplest. Consequently, a worldwide cians. and prevent revolts. Nowadays it is a survey found that 83 out of 150 coun- Dissatisfaction in society and formal decision-making process by tries were found to use this system. forthcoming elections resulted in ac- which a population chooses an indi- We applied majoritarian electoral sys- tive discussions in Parliament. Finally, vidual to hold public office. In contrast tem with absolute majority, which in 2006 the president agreed with the with ancient Athens, elections are no means that candidate who gets 51% deputies to apply proportional repre- longer an oligarchic institution, but a of votes in his constituency occupies sentation during the next parliamen- universal tool for people all over the the place in the parliament. In my tary elections. Unfortunately the idea world to influence the future develop- opinion, this system was disastrous of open lists didn't get the support, so ment of their countries, to choose rep- for because for most voters could only select the party. I resentatives whom they trust to make candidates it was quite impossible to hope you will agree with me when I laws and govern. The recent elections get enough votes. So, we didn't re- say that close list is like a pig in a poke in Russia and the last one in Ukraine ceive the full composition of the parlia- because in this way political parties showed that elections are also the in- ment and it was disable to respond to determine the positions of candidates dex of the level of democracy in mod- the difficult situations in the country in the list without taking into consider- ern society. and to make some important laws. On ation the wishes of voters. In this case The whole world was observing the other hand, this system allowed we can support the party as a whole the elections in our neighboring coun- voters to get acquainted with all candi- but do not encourage some members try. Due to the dramatic events in Rus- dates; therefore we knew the politi- of it. sia and our future decision-making cians we voted for. It is universally acceptable that process in November; I decided to an- After the election campaign in there is no perfect electoral system, alyze our parliamentary elections and 1994, legislators made an attempt to but we should do our best to create electoral systems as vital parts of this implement a new electoral system that one which would be suitable for process. would reduce the number of indepen- Ukraine in this period of development. To start with, during the time of dent deputies and ensure the effec- All things consider I came to the our independence Ukraine has expe- tive work of the parliament. As a result conclusion that proportional system is rienced almost all common electoral we got mixed system. Half the mem- nowadays the best variant for parlia- systems that have ever existed in the bers of Verkhovna Rada were elected mentary elections in Ukraine. This theory and practice of constitutional- by all voters; this part of elections was system focuses on the inclusion of mi- ism. However, we are still looking for based on a proportional representa- nority voices that will prevent from los- the best version, which will help us to tion. The remaining MPs were elected ing them. Secondly, we should pre- realize the interests of majority and to from closed party lists in each region. serve the existing system with its pos- build democratic society. The appliance of this system contrib- itive attributes but bring it up-to-date. In order to find out the best ac- uted to the structuring of parliament First of all, our task is to ensure the ceptable electoral organization for us, provided the fair value of votes and influence of voters on the election of we should analyze all pros and cons of seats. However, the closed list of can- candidates, and resume a close rela-

72 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade tionship between the deputies and the will be able to build his political career Rada. Only this parliament will be able voters. The open list will help us to do with the only help of his hard work and not only to provide professional inter- it. It will empower voters to influence ability to succeed. It will also decrease action with a government, but also to the ranking of candidates in the list, the number of breaking pre-election find possible ways to pull the country which will lead to increased responsi- promises. out of crisis. Anyway, this fall we will bility elected deputies for their work. I strongly believe that proportional be able to make our judgments about Moreover, it can be the reason of ap- system with open lists will ensure the the renewed mixed system. Let's take pearance the competition within the effectiveness of elections and provide a chance and hope for the best! party. This means that each candidate the formation of acting Verkhovna

The Overbearing Governmental Regulation of the Economy as an Inhibiting Factor on Democratic Development of Ukraine

Iaroslav CHEKER National University "Yaroslav the Wise Law Academy" Intern to Brian Masse, MP for Windsor, Ontario 2012 John & Myroslava Yaremko Scholarship recipient

Have you ever thought of a direct con- on gas, oil, rental fees, transportation ticularly from Vienna economic school nection between democratic develop- expenses, etc., the distribution of and from the USA, such as Ludwig ment and free market economy? Usu- these goods and strong but simultane- von Mises (who was born in Lviv), ally, when thinking about democracy, ously unfair anti-monopoly legislation, Friedrich von Hayek, Vernon Smith, the first thoughts that come to mind in their short-sighted purposes. Of Murray Rothbard, David Boaz and oth- are fair electoral legislation and its ef- course the situation was different in ers have argued that governmental ficient and honest implementation, fair Ukraine where communist ideas were regulation of the economy is harmful trials and a vibrant civil society. But the state ideology, but, nonetheless, to the greatest extent and is the factor evidently the idea of free market econ- having gained the cherished indepen- which slows down technological break- omy and the inhibiting governmental dence, Ukrainian government did back through and advancement as well as regulations of the current government away from strong governmental regu- efficient competition. But how do these are not among the priorities, which are lation of the economy in the fields of findings affect democracy? The an- evident in the government's policies. price control, oppressive taxation and swer is complex. In this article I will try to demonstrate leaving undisturbed a majority of mo- First of all, our attention should be the importance of a free market econ- nopolies in the area of state property. drawn to the fact that only societies omy in cultivating a democratic coun- What is more, that in Ukraine's with a strong and large middle class try. Constitution the functions of Govern- managed to build a true democracy. A Since the World War II many dem- ment are not limited, since throughout free market economy, which gives op- ocratic countries have moved away the document one can read "and oth- portunities for all to earn money ac- from the laissez-faire market economy ers", "if other is not written down in cording to their abilities, insight and and decided that government in order legislation" and in such a way our Con- knowledge and without reliance on to boost economic growth and come stitution stops being an agreement their connections with government of- closer to a fair distribution of goods between the state and civil society but ficials or through corruptive dealings, and capital should exercise some con- transforms into legislation allowing is indisputably an integral part of so- trol over the economy. It should be government officials and the state it- cial relations in societies where peo- mentioned that some businesses, that self to intervene and make changes ple's property rights are protected, mostly were ineffective, supported the as their priorities require. without fear of losing that property or idea of government regulated prices Many libertarian economists par- business. Only such people will be

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 73 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER able to protest in the streets, vote for portunities for businesses to create government managers does not de- their candidate of choice and not the new jobs, increase salaries, amelio- pend proportionally on their effective- candidate who pays bribes, initiate rate purifying systems for the sake of ness, and the government can always referendums and organize efficient ecology, etc. give their own ineffective enterprises non-governmental organizations which And the last but not least argu- subsidies from the state budget which will serve as 'watch dogs' of govern- ment is that private business initiative is accumulated from collection of taxes ment for the good of society. in Ukraine is far more effective than from tax paying citizens. Secondly, providing that we speak governmental initiatives, since private In such a way we can see that about human rights, we should take entrepreneurs economize on time and ideas of free market economy and into consideration that property rights money when producing goods by us- freedom of enterprise go hand in hand are primary, equal to the rights on life ing up-to-date technologies and with democracy because in such a and health. A person deprived of his searching for business partners who system people can make their own property cannot stay humane, he, as are ready to propose lower prices and decisions, earn for their living fairly a matter of fact, loses his self-esteem better quality of goods. On the other and be independent from state and dignity, and that is why a free hand in governmental initiatives, busi- whims. market and deregulation of the econo- ness practice incentives and stimuli my in Ukraine will result in more op- are diminished, since the salary of

The Value of a CUPP Internship in Canada's Parliament (Interview with CUPP Alumni)

Ediie ABDULTAIROVA Crimean Economic Institute of Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University Intern to Claude Gravelle, MP, Ontario 2012 Senator Raynell Andreychuk Scholarship recipient

CUPP is a unique program which Judy Wasylycia–Leis, Winnipeg North professional contacts and made great, helps to open your mind and develop Centre, Manitoba faithful friends. your leadership skills. Moreover, while Michael & Anna Bardyn Scholarship My favourite CUPP memories are participating in CUPP you are getting (2002) visits to the Embassy of Ukraine and a great experience, which will be use- Dennis Mills, Toronto–Danforth, On- to the Embassy of the United States of ful for you and your country! tario America in Canada as well as a visit to It was very interesting for me to Wasyl Loboda Scholarship the Department of Foreign Affairs and conduct interviews with several CUPP CUPP '03 Ukrainian Coordinator International Trade. Alumni and ask those questions about (2003) I consider my CUPP experience their experiences, meetings, assign- Participation in Canada-Ukraine immensely invaluable for it enriched ments and the value of an internship Parliamentary Program has, undoubt- me with new knowledge about Cana- in a foreign country's Parliament. Here edly, become an experience of a life- dian political system, gave me a new are some of their answers: time for me. It was a great opportunity perspective of Ukrainian cultural and to develop professionally, learn about political conditions and truly became a Anna Taranenko CUPP '02 & '03 Canadian political system, receive a springboard for my further career de- University of Luhansk hands-on experience and get exposed velopment. (Taras Shevchenko National Peda- to the Western culture and democracy. gogical University of Luhansk) Besides, I established a network of VyacheslavTomenko CUPP 2004

74 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

International Christian University, with the Supreme Court and Canada's Hi! I am CUPP 2011. In our CUPP Kyiv central bank. Assignments from CUPP year we had a lot of meetings with pol- Brian Fitzpatrick, Prince Albert, Sas- were typical – read an article etc. and iticians, often it were MP's of our stu- katchewan provide a brief description on the top- dents. We also had meetings with Mazurenko Family Scholarship ic. Assignments in the office were Senator RaynellAndreychuk, Ethics I cannot emphasize the personal mostly administrative tasks (get mail, Commissioner, representatives from impact CUPP had on me. I wouldn't scan/fax documents etc.) with some Ukrainian Diaspora in Canada, ambas- be lying if I said that CUPP program research assignments. In terms of per- sadors (Russian, Polish, British, Amer- actually changed me and who I am. I sonal experience, it was great to meet ican). We also had a meeting with became open-minded and accepting, very interesting people and hear their Daniel Caron - a former Canadian am- it taught me to welcome cultural differ- stories. It was also very helpful to learn bassador to Ukraine. Many of the ences and broadened my horizons (it how a real democracy should function. meetings were formal, some informal happened on many different levels, Value? I think it helps in terms of mak- (mainly with Ukrainian Diaspora in but, to be honest, Ukraine is a very ing it easier to communicate with se- Canada). We had an informal meeting homogeneous society with the set of nior, influential people. in the house of Paul Migus. Every time believers and values that are embed- when we had a meeting with one of ded in the core of who we are. CUPP Daryna Shevchenko CUPP 2011 the officials we had to write a report shifted my perception of having one National University "Yaroslav the about the meeting and every time it set standard of values and attitudes). Wise Law Academy of Ukraine" was a new intern who wrote about it. After participating in CUPP, my mind 2011 Walter Surma Tarnopolsky We wrote CUPP 2011 Diary and arti- was set on my career path: I knew I Scholarship cles, compounded bios. Also assign- wanted to work in the multi-national di- Intern to Mauril Belanger, MP for Ot- ments on political themes continued to mension of non-profits. tawa-Vanier come from Pan Bardyn. We also orga- Now going to the question about So the meetings we had: nized and participated in the perfor- whether or not the program will still be Visits to the embassies (Polish, Rus- mances in Ukrainian embassy and there in 10 or 20 years. As far as I sian, US, UK, Ukrainian) other places. know, there's this financial uncertainty Meetings with MPs, the Speaker, Au- It was an interesting, fascinating; that's been surrounding the program ditor General, Ethics Commissioner full of many events 2 months intern- for several years. But...taking into con- The value of the programme is im- ship that got acquainted Ukrainian stu- sideration the impact the program had mense, no doubts! I will name just few dents with real democracy. It showed on CUPP-ers, I believe that the pro- that personally influenced me. Being a how to live in the democratic country. gram MUST remain functioning. Think law student it was great to finally find Language practice, experience to live about the recent graduates that were out what civil society was and how it in the foreign country and work in Ca- able to receive the valuable work ex- worked in reality. This question was nadian Parliament broadened under- perience that made them more em- tormenting me for a while, this "civil standing of Canadian society and its ployable in the tight Ukrainian job mar- society" has always been so abstract people. Although we - all the CUPP ket. Think about the impact that the for me... until I went to Canada. 2011 interns – were together and did young professionals were able to Second thing is that now I feel us internship in one place, but our experi- make in the economy of Ukraine. And Ukrainians are Europeans. It´s inter- ence differs, because every one of us again, I cannot overemphasize the cul- esting how one needs to go to North has taken something inherent only to tural exchange that was oh so impor- America to realise that.. And I lived in him/her. tant in my personal history. Spain for some time, so I can tell you... Arriving at a conclusion, we can we have much more in common with say that each of CUPP Alumni has re- AndriyYastreb CUPP 2004 the Spanish, Germans or English than ceived his own certain experience, the National Agrarian University, Kyiv with Canadians. new vision of the world and in general Paul Forseth, New Westminster--Co- his own world-view, but all CUPP quitlam, British Columbia Iryna Pushchyk CUPP 2011 Karpenko-Karyy National University of Alumni, without an exception, have re- Paul Yuzyk Scholarship ceived that knowledge which will be We had a number of meetings Performing Arts 2011 Senator David Tkachuk Scholar- invaluable in all their undertakings and with members of parliament – individ- lifeline! ual MPs, one senator, and the speaker ship of the House. We also had meetings Intern to Mark Warawa, MP for Lang- with other government institutions – ley, British Columbia

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 75 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

A Century of PLAST

Olena BONDAR National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Intern to Mr. Romeo Saganash, MP, Abitibi–Baie-James–Nunavik–Eeyou, Quebec; Tyrone Benskin, MP, Jeanne–Le Ber, Montreal, Quebec 2012 Senator Martha Bielish Scholarship recipient

selfish work for society is encouraged. mankind. This Great Game has lasted for Each "plastun" is encouraged to 100 years. It began on April 12th, 1912 sacrifice part of his time to celebrate in Lviv at the Academic gymnasium this 100-year PLAST anniversary. when 40 students pledged the First Through daily activities plastuny are "Be the spark" PLAST Oath. The word that replaced working at becoming leaders and to That brings light to the world" the word "Scout" was the word set an example for others. Everyone is (Motto of 100th Anniversary of PLAST) "PLAST". The word comes from a expected to act as the spark that lights Stepan Bandera – one of the lead- name for Kozak-scouts called "Plastu- the country and the world. ers of Ukrainian liberation movement ny". Since its establishment PLAST During the past hundred years in Western Ukraine () and head experienced wars, prohibition, under- special educational systems and meth- of the Organization of Ukrainian Na- ground existence, suppression, revival ods were developed in order to achieve tionalists (OUN). Bohdan Hawrylyshyn abroad (in diaspora), and finally rebirth PLAST's goals. A number of books – an economist, member of the Club of in Ukraine. dedicated to these methods of educa- Rome, and an economic advisor to the Thanks to the Ukrainian diaspora, tion in PLAST were published. The Ukrainian government. Lubomyr Hu- after the prohibition of PLAST in most basic among them is Oleksandr sar – Major Archbishop Emeritus of Ukraine, it was able to survive, devel- Tysovsky's manual "Life in PLAST" the Ukrainian Catholic Church. Mykola op and revive after so many years of which serves a guide for all members Kolessa – prominent Ukrainian com- prohibition outside of Ukraine. More- of PLAST. poser and conductor. Orest Subtelny over, PLAST was one of the ways for PLAST membership is structured – Canadian historian (author of Ukrainian emigrants to maintain and along 4 conventional Age groups Ukraine: A History (1988)). Heidema- save their culture, traditions and lan- (known as "Ulad"): rie Martha Stefanyshyn-Piper – an guage. And it is still a way to hold to- 1) Cub Scouts – the youngest age American naval officer and a former gether and to raise children in small group. It includes children age 6-11. NASA are all leaders. Ukrainian societies on foreign lands. Cub Scouts, are prepared by council- You may ask yourself what do all Sadly, PLAST was resurrected in lors for mature PLAST activities. these individuals have in common. Ukraine only in 1990. And during last 2) Rover Scouts – includes youth Yes, they are all of Ukrainian ancestry, twenty years it has grown rapidly – not ages 11-18. Mature PLAST life begins and their names can be found in ency- only numbers of members but also the at this stage 3) Older PLAST mem- clopaedias. As well, they either were quality of the membership. PLAST's bers. It is an educative community of or are participants of the "Great Game" activities and projects have increased Ukrainian youth age 18-30. This Ag called PLAST. significantly. If in 1990s the concentra- 3) The Older Scouts (Starshy The goal of PLAST is to contribute tion of PLAST activities was the work Plastuny) group consists of PLAST to the education of a well-rounded and inside the organization, now it has members who were previously Rover patriotic Ukrainian youth, on Christian broadened its concentration to pro- Scouts. It also welcomes those who principles. To serve as responsible mote changes in society. joined the Older Scouts Age group, and valuable citizens and leaders of lo- In the 100 year history since through active contribution and at least cal, national and world community. To PLAST's establishment – the have 6 months membership. achieve this goal, PLAST promotes people changed, the circumstances 4) Senior PLAST members (Se- the moral, spiritual, social and physical are different, and Ukraine is indepen- niorat). This Age group unites people abilities of its members and urges dent. But the founding principles of who are beyond the ages of Older youth to respect their ancestors' tradi- PLAST have remained: respect for Scouts and remain and work within tions and culture. Volunterism and un- God and country, family, friends, and PLAST, to help in the education of Cub

76 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Scouts, Rover Scouts and Older tained during the year at weekly stud- and activities, leading a group of little Scouts in various spheres of PLAST ies. Among the biggest events carried girl Cub Scouts, organization of train- activities. In this way, the Older Scouts out by PLAST on a country-wide level ings and camps – this has all become and seniors are given the opportunity are: intellectual-art competition "Or- a pivotal part of my life. Here I found to assist in the education the two lykiada", creative festival "Den Plastu- my best friends, and what matters younger branches of PLAST. na", sporting event "Spartakiada", the most is that I found myself and the During weekly meetings, gather- country-wide relay and distribution of place where I am able to self-develop. ings, walking tours and group-travels the "Light of Peace" from Bethlehem When in the "real" world more and of Plastuny, a member becomes famil- during the Christmas season, tourist- more frequently I face the absence of iar with PLAST methodology, and pro- visitors contests called "Stezhkamy the basic human values that are the grams. Outdoor activities are strongly herojiv" and "Osinniy reyd". On a local fundamentals in PLAST, e.g. good- emphasized and respect for Nature is level, PLAST councils conduct many ness, love, truth, I begin to wish that all taught and practised. Sporting activi- social-cultural and educational events. people became scouts. ties and participation in the arts are In addition to Ukraine, PLAST also 100 years anniversary for plastuny also greatly encouraged. officially exists in eight countries, is not only the occasion to celebrate One of main achievements of plas- namely: Australia, Argentina, Canada, but also to reach new heights such as tuny is development of different spe- Germany, Poland, , the United the installation of the first monument in cializations of "plastuvannya". For ex- Kingdom and the United States. Ukraine to "Scouts, who did not break ample, water specialization, sport PLAST organizations from all nine their oath" (Ivano-Frankivsk) and an training, aviation, hiking, equestrian, countries are united into the worldwide establishment of 100 years of PLAST winter sports, travelling by bicycle, al- Conference of Ukrainian PLAST Orga- peak in Antarctica. pinism etc. nizations (KUPO), headed by PLAST So, what will be PLAST in 100 Throughout the year PLAST in Head (known as "Nachalniy Plastun"). years? I cannot give the precise an- Ukraine conducts over 100 educational The tenth decade of PLAST's his- swer but I believe that it will be new outdoor camps with various special- tory and half of my life are strongly in- time for everyone – plastuny, Ukraine izations: sporting, marine, aeronauti- terwoven. Now I cannot imagine my and Ukrainian nation as a whole. I cal, arts, skiing, alpinist, archaeologi- life without scouting because it is plas- would like to end with the words of Dr. cal, horse-riding, ecological, etc. At tuvannya that gave me one of the best Oleksandr Tysovsky (a PLAST co- these camps PLAST members master and most useful experiences in my founder): "I would describe scouting their knowledge and practical skills ob- life. Participation in dozens of camps very briefly – it is the joy of life".

CUPP Alumni Updates

Kateryna BONDAR Don't underestimate the experience of My MP: Maria Bulte Toronto Ontario CUPP 2008 living in a truly multicultural environ- Law Degree from Ivan Franko Nation- Hometown: Kyiv ment and at the same time meeting al University of Lviv in 2001 CUPP Scholarship: Governor-General people from high political and academ- Graduate studies at Oxford Uni- Edward Schreyer Scholarship ic communities. Be happy with every versity in Criminal Justice in 2004. My MP: Peggy Nash, NDP, Toronto, day of your internship, with the new Works as a Staff Attorney for U.S. De- Ontario friends you make, events you can con- partment of Justice Project on Reform Undergraduate and graduate de- tribute to and new places you visit." of Criminal Justice, based in U.S. Em- grees in Law from the National Univer- bassy in Kyiv. sity of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in 2009 Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: "At and 2010. LL.M. degree from Harvard first you may feel a bit lost: you are far Law School in 2011. Nazar FEDORCHUK away from your home, family and Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: CUPP 2000 (Fall Program) friends, in a big city of a foreign coun- "Make your CUPP experience really Hometown: L viv try with a group of total strangers. unforgettable and invaluable. Be ac- CUPP Scholarship Dr.Yuriy Fedyna & Soon enough you will get to know very tive during the program. Meet people. Dr.Oksana Fedyna well most of your Ukrainian colleagues

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 77 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER and your hosts. And this is extremely Yaryna KOBEL Washington University Law School in important because some of them will CUPP 2008 2010 become your best friends. However, Hometown: Lviv Fulbright Scholar 2009 at the same time, don't fall into the trap CUPP Scholar- Works as a Research Officer at the In- of talking and communicating only with ship: John and ternational Monetary Fund, Washing- Ukrainians! It is easier to stay in a Mary Yaremko ton, DC, USA "comfort zone". But try to talk to ordi- Scholarship Advice to CUPP 2012 interns: "Be nary Canadians and learn more about My MP: Peter open to everything you see around them and their country, and you will Goldring, Edmon- you. You never know where you find it extremely interesting. Be open ton East, Alberta will find your inspiration. Try to minded and what you learn there will Bachelor and Master in Law Degree participate in as many activities as stay with you for a very long time. from the University of Lviv in 2009 possible, it is a truly once-in-a- Have a good time!" and 2010 lifetime opportunity. Be also will- Visiting Researcher in Tax Law at the ing to share your thoughts and University of Alberta in 2010 Alberta ideas with fellow CUPP interns Chevening Scholar 2011 and other people, during and after Anton HORSHKOV LLM in Commercial Law from the Uni- the Program. CUPP is a unique ex- CUPP 2000 versity of Edinburgh in 2012 perience, be sure to implement it Intern to Dan McTeague, MP for Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: "Try accordingly!" Pickering-Ajax-Uxbridge, Ontario to become an active member of CUPP CUPP Scholarship: John & Mary community. Communicate with other Yaremko Scholarship interns and people whom you will be CUPP Scholar 2002 at University of able to meet in Parliament or at one of Bonn, Germany. many events during your stay. They Oleh Graduate of University of Lviv in are intelligent and ambitious people. KRYKAVSKYY 2002 (law) and the Center for Euro- You will be able to learn useful things CUPP 2003 pean Integration Studies at Bonn Uni- or get ideas for your future." CUPP Scholar- versit (EU law and economics). Cur- ship: Michael Star rently working as an advisor for telecom Scholarship regulation and competition law at Slo- My MP: Hon. Dan vak Telekom, in Bratislava (Slovakia). McTeague, On- Best CUPP experience: field tario campaigning for my MP Dan Mc- Olya KROYTOR Specialist and Bachelor in Law from Teague in the elections of 2002. CUPP 2007, 2008 University of Ostroh All of us who participated in cam- Hometown: Yalta Master Degree in Law from Kyiv-Mo- paigns for our MPs had a unique CUPP Scholar- hyla University opportunity to personally experi- ship: Walter Eastern Europe Studies certificate ence the level of engagement of Surma Tarnopol- from Warsaw University ordinary Canadians with repre- sky Scholarship; LLM in Energy Law and Policy from sentative democracy, and to ob- John & Julia the Centre for Energy, Petroleum, serve the approach to evaluating Stashuk Scholar- Mineral Law and Policy/University of policymakers' performance and ship Dundee, Scotland general level of scrutiny Canadi- My MPs: Michael Ignatieff, Toronto, Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: ans place on their politicians. Thus Ontario; Borys Wrzesnewskyj, "Don't think what you will be doing in whenever there is an opportunity Toronto, Ontario Ottawa, think what you will do after- for the CUPP intern to observe live Bachelor and Specialist Degrees wards and make your Canadian expe- interaction between a politician in Law from Yaroslav the Wise Nation- rience as the first and important step and the voters, it should never be al Law Academy of Ukraine (currently to your future. For majority of CUP- missed. National University "Yaroslav the Wise Pers Canada was a start, not a finish Law Academy of Ukraine") in 2007 and – continue this. And remember – you 2008 probably will get no other chance like LL.M. Degree in International and this. Be active, be part of it, be happy Comparative Law from The George there."

78 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Aryna KRYZHANOVSKA plore both the proper way of gov- cide to make your contribution to (Anderson) ernance on the Parliament Hill and changes in our homeland." CUPP 2002 everyday life of Canadians. Volun- Hometown: Odesa teer. Be pro-active. Enjoy the pro- 2002 Scholarship: Mazurenko Family gram – it will leave you with a lot of Scholarship bright memories, as well as good Andriy My MP: Peter Goldring, Alberta friends. And keep in touch with MAKSYMOVYCH Undergraduate Degree from Odesa CUPP alumni upon your return to CUPP 2004 Economic University, in Finance in Ukraine." Intern to David 2003 Kilgour, MP for Graduated from Seattle University Edmonton- School of Law and works with Wash- Beaumont ington State Attorney-Generals De- 2004 Ethel Rose partment. Active in Slavic Bar Associ- Tamara NEFEDOVA and Michael ation of Washington and Seattle Chap- CUPP 2001 Makuch Scholar- ter of Washington Women Lawyers. Hometown: Odesa ship recipient Married to Peter J. Anderson in 2003. 2001 Volodymyr Hrynyk Scholarship Graduated from University of Lviv Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: Intern to the Hon. Joe Clark, Alberta in 2006 with MA degree in Internation- "Use your time wisely. My 3-month in- Undergraduate degree in Economics al Economic Analysis and Finance. Al- ternship in the Canadian Parliament (2002) and Master's Degree in so holds a MA Degree in Law and Eco- just flew by. In retrospect I definitely Banking and Finance (2003) from nomics from Erasmus University wish I was more active during the in- Odesa State (now National) Economic Rotterdam, Ghent University and Uni- ternship, which is a once in a lifetime University versity of Bologna. experience & opportunity. Volunteer Master's Degree in International Worked at Parliament of Ukraine, with CUPP events, meetings, the Finance (2005) from University of Invest Ukraine (Ukraine's investment newsletter. It is a great experience, Nice, promotion agency) and OSCE Parlia- which you will treasure, in later years. Lecturer in Economics and Man- mentary Assembly. Currently works It will empower you and make you agement subjects at the University of as an analyst at the European Bank strive to achieve and help Ukraine." Nice from 2005. Research and teach- for Reconstruction and Development ing assistant in Finance at the Univer- in London, where he is also a member sity of Lugano, Switzerland. of President's Task Force on Policy PhD in Finance from the Swiss Fi- Dialogue. Yuri KUSHNIR nance Institute (forthcoming 2012) Member of the Board of Trustees CUPP 1998, 2005 Post-doctoral research fellow at of the Institute of Ukrainian Studies, Hometown: Lviv New York University's Leonard N. President of the Young Diplomacy 1998 & 2005 Stern School of Business (from 2013). Centre in 2004-2006. Michael Luch- Married to Laurent Caillol in 2009. In 2006 initiated and organized kovych Scholar- Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: "Be Race for Children together with Mykola ship recipient ready for probably the most sig- Pekh ('06), Alla Myshalova ('07) and My 1998 MP: Ian nificant experience in your life. Nataliya Salo ('04). Ran 1,500 km McClelland, You might not consider it as such across Ukraine with a friend in 41 days Edmonton Southwest, Alberta immediately, and you will likely and raised more than 50,000 USD My 1998 MPP: Alvin Curling, Scarbor- come to realize it a year or so af- for equipment for maternity hospitals ough North, Ontario ter. But believe me you will feel the in Lviv. Nominated by Nataliya Salo My 2005 MP: Borys Wrzesnewskyj, butterfly effect of this internship ('04) and Ivan Skrypka ('04) was se- Toronto, Ontario or event for years and years to lected by the Lloyds TSB, a National Undergraduate and Master's degrees come. Be open, live and enjoy ev- Presenting Partner of the Olympic in Law from Ivan Franko National ery day of your internship. Every Torch Relay, to be a Torch Bearer dur- University of Lviv in 1999. event and meeting will become ing the 2012 Olympic Games in Lon- LLM (Master of laws degree) from the more meaningful to you with time. don. University of Virginia in 2003. They are thoughtfully organized to Scholar of the , Partner at Kushnir, Yakymyak and show you from the inside how a US Department of State, European Partners law firm (Kyiv). democratic society functions and Commission. Student of the Year Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: gives you the opportunity and wor- (2005). In 2006 was recognized by the "Take the most out of this once-in- thy standard to keep in mind and for particular a-lifetime opportunity to intern for emulate in the future when you de- achievements of youth in development a Canadian MP – be ready to ex- of Ukraine.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 79 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Advice for CUPP participants: "My Michael SHAPIRO (Etobicoke-Lakeshore), Andrew MP David Kilgour's Executive Assis- CUPP 1996 Telegdi, Ontario, (Kitchener-Waterloo) tant had a saying for each day. One of Hometown: Chernivtsi, Ukraine B.A. and M.A. in English from Taras them was: "The past is the history, the Current Residence: London, UK Shevchenko National University of future is the mystery, now is the pres- 1996 Roman Hnatyshyn Scholarship Luhansk in 2008. ent, a precious present." Use every CUPP MP – Hon. Jean Augustine, Fulbright Visiting Researcher at minute of that precious present while University of California - Berkeley in you’re in Canada. CUPP is the most Etobicoke-Lakeshore, Toronto, exciting program that I had attended Ontario 2009-2010. and everyone in our 2004 Program – Education: – University of Chernivtsi Intern in the German Bundestag in from doctors to lawyers – returned (Yuriy Fedkovych National University 2011. home with invaluable experience. Find of Chernivtsi); – Amsterdam School of M.Phil. In European Literature and what you're passionate about and get International Relations, University of Culture at the University of Cam- involved. If there is nothing you are Amsterdam, Netherlands – MA in bridge in 2012. passionate about – still get involved; it International Relations; – European Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: is in action that you'll define your true Commission, Brussels, Belgium – "Look around you and understand interests." Internship with the Financial Services what culture you are living in. Try Directorate General to avoid stereotypes in your per- Current Employment: – Bank of ception of Canadians. Enjoy your America Lynch, London, UK stay in Canada." Mykhaylo Advice to future CUPP Interns: PALAHITSKYY "CUPP was a great opportunity for CUPP 2010 me to explore Canada and Western Intern to Gerald way of life including multicultural- ism, freedom of expression and Keddy, MP for Roman STASIV social cohesion. Looking back I South Shore - St. CUPP 2002 can probably say that my CUPP in- Margaret's, Nova Hometown: Morshyn ternship almost 15 years ago Scotia CUPP Scholarship: Humeniuk Family 2010 Christina played a huge role in determining Scholarship Bardyn Scholar- who I am now. I would like to en- My MP: Randy White, British Colum- ship recipient courage CUPP 2012 interns to take bia (Langley–Abbotsford) After the CUPP internship in the the most out of their experience in Undergraduate and Master's degree House of Commons, Mykhaylo earned Canada. Above all, think what the in Law from Ivan Franko National Uni- his BA in History (2011) and Interna- most important lessons the intern- versity of Lviv in 2003 tional Development (2012) from the ship in the Canadian Parliament Graduate degree (Magister Juris) University of Vienna. Since last can give you and how it can help from the University of Oxford in 2005 March Mykhaylo is pursuing MA in you to get where you want to be in Works as Senior Associate at Clifford Global Studies that is a bilingual pro- 10 years from now." gram (German and English) at the Chance law firm (Kyiv office) University of Vienna. As part of his Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: "Do graduate studies Mykhaylo will spend not forget that only a fraction of Ukrai- the coming fall semester at the Con- nian applicants were given the privi- cordia University in Montreal, re- lege to do the internship at the Cana- searching for his future MA thesis on Pavlo SHOPIN dian parliament and that only a frac- multiculturalism and learning French CUPP 2006, 2008 tion of countries have the privilege to language. Hometown: send their interns to Canadian parlia- Advice to future CUPP Interns: Luhansk ment. You are lucky, folks!." "attend as many as possible meet- CUPP Scholar- ings and events on Parliament Hill ship: Walter – it is a chance to learn from peo- Tarnopolsky ple who already achieved a lot. Scholarship, Spend time with your CUPP col- Mazurenko Family leagues – you learn from people who will achieve a lot in the fu- Scholarship ture." My MPs: Michael Ignatieff, Ontario

80 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade

Higher Education: East OR West

Alisa ZAVIALOVA Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University Intern to James Bezan, MP, Selkirk–Interlake, Manitoba 2012 Senator David Tkachuk Scholarship recipient

After I graduated from high school, employment as well as education over- there was only one reasonable next seas? What prospects does Ukraine step for me- I wanted to enroll at a Uni- hold for future home-educated youth currently lives and works in London, versity. And when I finally did, I felt on and western educated youth? And UK, got his higher education first in the top of the world. While attending what's the solution for those who don’t Ukraine and then in Netherlands. His college, I felt enlightened, but as the want to leave Ukraine, but work for the answer to my questions was: "I believe years passed, I realized that it was benefit of their country? that the quality of the Western educa- only the first step in the long journey Let's ask the former CUPPers tion in general is a way better than called life. about it! What do they think? in Ukraine. This does not however Being a graduate student today, I had a chance to ask some of the mean that it would automatically give I'm starting to face such problems as previous CUPP alumni to comment on you better opportunities in your career. job security, career planning a lot of the quality of Ukrainian higher educa- It is hardly possible to pursue a career uncertainty. The job market is a lot tion and to compare it to the Western abroad having just a Ukrainian degree more competitive then it was in one. but to succeed in Ukraine one does the1990's, and a college degree at the Andriy Khomenko, CUPP’ 95 not necessarily need to graduate from bachelor's level is no guarantee of a alumni says: "Що у 95му, що зараз, а Harvard or Cambridge. There may be profitable job. Nowadays more and тепер напевно ще більше, впевнений cases whereby obtaining a good basis more ambitious and socially conscious що навчатися краще за кордоном. education in some subjects (like maths, Ukrainian students decide to travel Вищу освіту так точно. Проблема physics, chemistry, Ukrainian literature abroad and study in some European or тільки в тому, що мало хто поверта­ and language, Slavonic history etc.) North American university. In many ється, після того як "відкриваються may be better and preferential in cases this leads to the student finding очі". Але відповідь все одно та сама, Ukraine even if one is seeking to go a job and livelihood in the host country вчитися потрібно за кордоном". abroad to study, teach or work than and building their lives abroad. Lev Kozakov, CUPP'97 alumni: say in the Netherlands whereas other But I personally see a Ukrainian "Home education is necessary in some subjects such as European law may be tragedy at this point. Those who apply areas (law) and useless in others better in Europe". for studying abroad are bright, ex- (MBA)". On the other hand, Roman Diden- tremely intelligent and broad-minded Oksana Myshlovska, CUPP'2000 ko, CUPP'96 believes, that "the best young professionals. Ukraine no doubt isn't that optimistic as well: "The gap is a combination of educational experi- needs (and has always needed) such between Ukrainian and western uni- ences from the home country and from people in order to build a new demo- versities is huge. In Ukraine, there is abroad". cratic Civil society, country, nation with not a single educational institution in a Yuriy Dzera, CUPP'96 is a bright a strong economic infrastructure and a global top ranking. Our universities do example of a person who graduated sense of occupational loyalty. Howev- not teach critical thinking and analytical from a Ukrainian university, managed er, due to the scarcity of jobs and edu- skills. Funding for research, new cur- to make a successful career and found cational advancement, they keep leav- riculum development and publications his own place under the sun. "I gradu- ing their homeland. And I understand for the faculty is very limited. My ad- ated from Lviv University named after their reasons, because I find myself in vice to Ukrainian students is to do at I.Franko, Faculty of International Eco- the same situation at the moment. least some studies abroad. Almost ev- nomic Relations. The biggest advan- The question then becomes: is ery foreign university has a scholarship tage of my education was following: there a way out? Does home educa- program. Then it is much easier to find studying of foreign languages (English, tion give the same opportunities for a job either in Ukraine or abroad." Polish, Spanish, Arabic); lectures of the future career development and Michael Shapiro, CUPP'96 who professors from abroad; possibility to

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 81 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER participate at different international quite good and mentally rewarding. I be stupid not to admit that Ukrainian programs and organizations (like may be mistaken, because I cannot educational system is far from being CUPP, AIGEE etc.); network of con- judge objectively. I may state that I’m perfect and there are still many as- tacts with future specialists (students)". mostly satisfied with the way they pects to be changed and updated. He currently works as UEFA repre- teach in my university and that I don’t I am entirely sure that when our sentative in Western Ukraine in the feel that I am deficient of knowledge. bright students travel abroad, take sphere of promotion and sales of Hos- In making this statement, I realize that part in various cultural exchange pro- pitality packages for EURO-2012 tour- the types of teaching and information grams, speak foreign languages or win nament and in parallel he is a co-owner acquired vary significantly from Uni- the scholarships of American, British, of a consulting company "PROconsult" versity to University. German, French or Canadian universi- in Lviv. The only problem I can see is that ties, they can easily break the existing As you can see, opinions differ our diplomas and academic degrees prejudices. I have the only dearest and so do the experiences of these are not in most cases eligible neither hope that all those bright and brilliant people. Some of them graduated from in Western Europe nor in North Amer- will come back home and work for the both Ukrainian and European universi- ica. I believe that it's all about the ste- benefit of Ukraine. ties, and the others achieved their reotype that exists in many Western One's success doesn't totally de- goals having only a domestic educa- countries about post – Soviet Ukraine. pend on the country where he got his tion. When I analyzed the replies of my Although this is a biased assumption education. Somebody wise once said interviewees, I got upset and confused in which one concludes that success that education doesn't grant you with at the dissatisfaction with the Ukraini- depends on the country where they intelligence, it only enlightens the lat- an higher education system. In my received their education. I find this as- ter. Remember it. mind a Ukrainian higher education is sumption to be false. However, it would

EURO 2012: Failure or Success?

Roman ROMANOVSKYY National University of "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy" Intern to Mike Wallace, MP, Burlington, Ontario Inter to Larry Miller, MP, Bruce–Grey–Owen Sound, Ontario 2012 Christina Bardyn Scholarship recipient

of salt. According to Ukrainian authorities, Just in a few weeks Ukraine is about to One of the first things which comes government allocated for about 4.4 bil- open its doors in front of tourists from to mind regarding the Ukrainian prep- lion US dollars to finance the tourna- all over the world, as Euro 2012 Cham- aration process for Euro 2012 is the ment, while press and opposition lead- pionship starts. Back in 2007, when amount of money spent on stadiums, ers claim that costs were twice the Poland and Ukraine won the right to airports and other infrastructure proj- abovementioned sum. The biggest host one of the most popular interna- ects. At first, it was planned that major problem is that nobody can guarantee tional sport competitions, almost ev- part of the costs would be covered by that these costs were spent efficiently, eryone was talking about the huge private investments. However, due to as in the 2010-2012 no tender proce- benefits, which this event might bring: politic and economic instability, along dures were conducted during public improvement of national image, era- with bureaucracy and corruption pro- purchases. Vice Prime Minister Boris sure of cultural and economic borders, cesses, which are widely spread in Kolesnikov explained that tender pro- foreign direct investments and huge Ukraine, not many investors decided cedures were canceled because of profits for local businesses. However, to risk with their funds. As a result, tight deadlines and lack of time, how- after analyzing recent events, it be- Ukrainian government had to finance ever this explanation seems rather comes clear, that such optimistic pre- the tournament without an additional doubtful, as such procurement pro- dictions should be taken with a pinch support, increasing its national debt. cesses created possibilities for various

82 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade shadow schemes, money laundering concern on this issue. Clearly, only few that many European officials might and other frauds. The reconstruction fans and tourists are ready to pay such boycott the Euro 2012 soccer matches of the main stadium of the tournament, money for overestimated accommoda- taking place in Ukraine because of the NSC Olimpiyskiy, serves the brightest tions, and, hence, hotel owners may country's handling of its jailed former evidence to that. Surprisingly, it has lose their clients and ruin the reputa- prime minister, . become one of the most expensive tion of their country. Ordinary football Several European opinion formers and stadiums in Europe – its final recon- fans from UK and other European official representatives also expressed struction cost varies around 470 mil- countries also argued that they will similar statements. lion Euros, despite the fact the cost of have to give up their hopes to visit Taking into account the fact, that it the labor force in Ukraine is one of the Ukraine, as this visit might be too cost- is the first time, when such important lowest in Europe. World stadiums, ly. All in all, Ukrainian hotel owners international event is taking place in similar to NSC Olimpiyskiy, cost much should redefine their pricing policies, if the Eastern Europe, Ukraine holds a less: Alianz Arena (Munich) - 340 mil- they want to avoid misunderstanding huge responsibility in front of the soci- lion Euros, Soccer-City (Johannes- and empty rooms during football cham- ety. It is very important to create a burg) – 190 million Euros, Donbass pionship. good impression and prove that Arena (Donetsk) – 320 million Euros. Tough political situation is one Ukraine is capable of conducting such Clearly, the government spending in more factor that seems to worry inter- responsible events as EURO 2012, as Ukraine is not efficient at all, and, prob- national deputies and opinion formers. this tournament might be a starting ably, these infrastructure projects Prosecution of opposition leaders, se- point of new relations between Europe serve just as the source of illegal pri- lective justice, and limitation of free- and Ukraine, and it is up to us to make vate enrichment. We might only guess dom of speech - all these factors raise this relations move in the right direc- how much money was wasted down deep concern among European politi- tion. However, all abovementioned the drain. cal leaders. In March, 2012, a group of facts worsen Ukrainian image in the The second major problem which European deputies appealed to UEFA eyes of international community and might influence the image of Ukraine president Michel Platini to pay atten- put under question Ukraine's compe- during the championship is the accom- tion to the state of democracy and hu- tence and effectiveness. Therefore, modation costs. Starting from January man rights in Ukraine. Germany's inte- benefits of EURO 2012 for Ukraine be- 2011, Ukrainian hotels were exempt rior minister Hans-Peter Fridrich noted come rather vague. from income tax for the 10 years. This step was made by the Ukrainian gov- ernment in order to stimulate the de- velopment of hotel industry and force hotels to improve the quality of their services, as according to the new tax code, only hotels, which are rated with CUPP Alumni Updates 3-5 stars may be exempted from tax- es. Unfortunately, these tax discounts didn’t stop the greed of the Ukrainian Alexandre KRAYNYUKOV hotel owners. It seems that during CUPP 1997 Euro 2012, which will last 20 days, Hometown: Donetsk they want to earn an annual income. In 1997 CUPP Scholarship: Humeniuk Family Scholarship some hotels price for a double room My MPs: Gerry Philips, M.P.P., Scarborough–Agincourt, rose by 1335%. According to the Ukrai- Legislative Assembly of Ontario nian Association of Hotels and Restau- Hon.Allan Rock, Etobicoke Centre, Ontario rants prices for accommodation in- B.A. in sociology & economics from Kyiv-Mohyla University, creased on average by 400-500% Ukraine times. They also state that normal in- M.A. in management of distribution network at University crease in prices during such kinds of of Dunkerque, France events should not exceed 200%, and MBA from INSEAD, France & Singapore that is the world’s practice. Represen- Works as Regional Sales Director at ArcelorMittal Strasbourg. France tatives of European countries and Advice to CUPP 2012 Interns: "Take everything new like a sponge. Be open- UEFA had already expressed their minded and live the moment. This is a unique experience that will stay with you and will guide you many years down the road”.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 83 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

Where the Land Ends and the Sea Begins: The Case of Ukrainian Migration to Portugal

Andrei BEZRUCHONAK Belarusian State University Intern to Don Davies, MP for Vancouver Kingsway, British Columbia 2012 Emil Telizyn Scholarship recipient

immigrant groups into Portugal. That low cost transportation and immigra- th FARO, PORTUGAL – On May 9 , is why the case of the Ukrainian dias- tion assistance, to attract Ukrainians while standing in Faro Airport's Ry- pora is special for Portugal, as accord- to Portugal. The image of Portugal (a anair gate, and hearing yet another ing to the 2011 Census, the Ukrainians faraway country with lower wages "one more on-time landing" announce- are Portugal's second-largest foreign than in Germany or the UK, yet sev- ment, one could readily observe the community behind the Brazilians. Ac- eral times higher than in their home multicultural atmosphere and hear nu- cording to SEF (Portuguese Immigra- country) and with affordable legislative merous languages. And then those, tion and Border Control Office) statis- base for migrants was also an attrac- who arrived from a non-EU country tics, approximately 52 000 have legal tion. (likely Eastern Europe) can recall the landed status and the majority are well 3. EU funds apportioned to Portu- queue at the embassy during the visa integrated into the Portuguese soci- gal led to an increase in demand for application procedure. These travel- ety. foreign workers in such economic sec- lers can "thank" their own countries' The migration from Ukraine to tors, as construction and . For authorities for "simplifying" their citi- Portugal started after the collapse of example, Portugal was host to Euro zen's life and then reflect closely on the Soviet Union in the early 1990-s. 2004; Football Competition and con- the meaning and reality of Europe for But the peak occurred from 2001 to struction projects needed a cheap but foreigners. 2004. The surveys conducted by the professional labor force for the above- This note is about immigration Center of Social Studies (Viseu Uni- mentioned 3D jobs. from Ukraine to Portugal, on the edge versity, Portugal) characterized the 4. Development of legislative base of Europe where "the land ends and migration to Portugal as an employ- for immigrants. A substantial part of the sea begins". After some time ment seeking movement. The mi- the migrants entered the country le- spent on the Erasmus Mundus pro- grants (many of them with high educa- gally and overstayed their visa status gram in Portugal I have studied some tion) accepted work in low-status or in Portugal. To alleviate this situation aspects of the migration processes low skilled sectors and in the construc- a solution had to be found. The Portu- from the states of the former Soviet tion industry or the so-called 3D jobs guese government, acting out of self- Union to the EU. Particularly, as I have (dirty, dangerous and difficult). There 0interest enacted legislation to facili- had and still have good friends from are several pull or attraction factors tate the Ukrainian groups remaining in Ukraine, I used to meet and talk to that help to explain, why thousands of Portugal. Since 2000s it has became many of them about their long journey Ukrainians chose Portugal as the land easier to obtain legal status and then from home to Portugal. Each story, of new opportunities: to bring family from Ukraine to Portu- whether sad or happy, is unique, and 1. Economic and social conditions gal. the whole process is worth revisiting. in Ukraine. Industrial crisis that led to The pull or attraction factors were Until the 1980s Portugal had been an absence of job opportunities com- availability of jobs, better prospects a country of emigration (to the US or bined with rampant corruption. Lead- for the future and family reunion. It is Canada for example), and the number ing experts to conclude that this was the combination of all these macro and of immigrants into Portugal was mainly not the typical migration movement micro level factors that explains the from the Portuguese-speaking coun- but "an evacuation movement" fuelled sudden and massive inflow from tries (the Cape Verdeans were the by deperation and insecurity for the Ukraine to Portugal that essentially first group to arrive in the late 1960's, future. took place during the year 2001. Leon- followed by the Brazilians in 1990s). 2. The promotion by organizations ardas Rinkevicius, a professor from But in the early 2000s for the first time that benefited by recruitment of Ukrai- Kaunas University of Technology, has Ukrainians emerged among the main nian hard working labourers, offering described the phenomenon of mass

84 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade migration as, "not a normal migration, Some believe that they will not stay in Canada, for the most part. This 3rd but a mass evacuation". The result is Portugal forever and sooner or later wave is dying in Canada and the vari- that after the wave of immigration will return to Ukraine with money and ous waves are destined to remain and flows from the Eastern Europe Portu- experience to make the country a bet- form as yet an unknown permanent gal "had realized that it was the coun- ter place. But the politics of the Ukrai- Diaspora in Canada, fighting to sur- try of immigrants". nian authorities (for instance, regard- vive and avoid assimilation. Is this the An interesting fact is that nowa- ing the social protection of labor mi- fate of the Portuguese Ukrainians, Ital- days the Ukrainians (unlike the other grants or support of small-scale busi- ian Ukrainians and Greek Ukrainians, migrant groups) are geographically ness initiatives) raise many questions Irish Ukrainians, British Ukrainians, concentrated not only in such cities as that remain without answers. and 4th Wave American and Canadian Lisbon, Oporto, Aveiro, Setubal, Bra- The future of the Portuguese Ukrainians? The current Portuguese ga, Coimbra, and Faro and their met- Ukrainians can be compared with the Ukrainian Diaspora can be considered ropolitan areas but also in rural areas. destiny of 4 waves of migrations into to be well integrated but far from be- Personally, I have had an oppor- Canada. The 3rd wave of Ukrainian im- ing assimilated, but who can forecast tunity to meet Ukrainians in Faro the migrants to Canada, also believed that the situation in 20, 50 or 100 years? largest southern city, located in the someday they would return to Ukraine. And what about the fate of the Rus- province of Algarve. During the teach- But most have remained in Canada sian Ukrainians, who comprise the ing internship at a Secondary School I and only their children travel to single largest Ukrainian Diaspora in had a chance to observe the results Ukraine in any numbers, but return to the world? of their integration into the Portuguese society. The approach towards educa- tion is probably the best indicator: Ukrainian students due to specifics of Portuguese educational traditions adapt to the curriculum material fast- er, they earn higher grades and then it is easier for them to enter University (without paying bribes or relying on connections). One of the interesting conse- quences of the Ukrainian presence in Portugal was the increase in civil ac- tivities in the "host" country – there are four Ukrainian public organizations (The Union of Ukrainian Portugal is considered as the largest one), sever- al newspapers, Saturday Ukrainian School for migrants' kids. According to official claims, that increase had cre- ated a base for economic and cultural Top: Oxford cooperation between the two coun- Conference in St. tries. For example, on June, 23rd 2008 Anthony's College. Avenida da Ucrânia (Ukraine Avenue) was inaugurated by Viktor Yushchen- ko in Lisbon, and the event was de- scribed as a "sign of respect and grati- tude from Portuguese nation to Ukrai- nians contribution into city and country Left: Maryna development". Iaroshevych After settling in Portugal many (Mastricht University) Ukrainians visit relatives left in Ukraine interviewing Brigid regularly and help them financially. McCarthy (Washington).

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 85 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER

CUPP 2011 Interns in Rotunda of Centre Block.

CUPP 2011 Interns with Parlimanet buildings in background.

CUPP 2011 Interns after Terry Fox Run.

86 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM

PARTICIPATING UNIVERSITIES, CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 2012

Jagiellonian University, 1364 Kyiv-Mohyla University, 1615 University of Lviv, 1661 Iuliia ZUBRYTSKA Yaroslav BARKOV, Lesia BIDOCHKO, Olena BONDAR, Liliia Iuliia BUCHAK, Ustyna CHULITSKA, Kateryna GRYSHCHENKO, Khrystyna OLIIARNYK, MYKYTYUK, Olya SHUDRAK Oksana KRYKUN, Oleksandra NIKULOVA, Roman ROMANOVSKIY, Roman TYCHKIVSKYY, Oleksandr ZHEKA, Iuliia ZUBRYTSKA

Yaroslav the Wise National Humboldt University University of Kyiv, 1834 International Black Lviv Polytechnic Law Academy, 1804 of Berlin, 1810 Alona FURDA, Oleksandra Sea University, 1996 National University, Iaroslav CHEKER, Maryna Olya SHUDRAK GASKEVYTCH, Anastasiia Giorgi SHIUKASHVILI 1844 SMOLYAK GRETTSEVA, Olena Ana TSITSAGI Olha DMYTRASH SHAPOVAL

University of Odesa, Kyiv Polytechnic Vadym Hetman National University of 1865 Institute, 1898 Economic University of Kyiv, Saskatchewan, 1907 Lesia SHYSHKO Pavlo PEDENKO 1906 Ihor ILKO Ediie ABDULTAIROVA, Iurii LETS, Olena SHAPOVAL

Irkutsk State University, University of Belarusian State Murray State University, 1922 1918 Dnipropetrovsk, 1918 University, 1921 Oleksandr GASKEVYCH Andrei ZAVIALOV Ganna TSELIKOVSKA Andrei BEZRUCHONAK

University of Vaasa, 1966 Ilia State University, 2006 Petro Mohyla Black Sea Humber College, 1967 Ganna TSELIKOVSKA Giorgi SHIUKASHVILI State University, 1996 Ihor ILKO Ana TSITSAGI Oleksandr SHABARDIN, Alisa ZAVIALOVA