ALSACE-LORRAINE and Its Recovery

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ALSACE-LORRAINE and Its Recovery 1870 & 1914 THE ANNEXATION OP ALSACE-LORRAINE and its Recovery WI.1M AN ADDRESS BY MARSHAL JOFFRE THE ANNEXATION OF ALSACE-LORRAINE and its Recovery 1870 & 1914 THE ANNEXATION OF ALSACE=LORRA1NE and its Recovery WITH AN ADDRESS BY MARSHAL JOFFRE PARIS IMPRIMERIE JEAN CUSSAC 40 — RUE DE REUILLY — 40 I9I8 ADDRESS in*" MARSHAL JOFFRE AT THANN « WE HAVE COME BACK FOR GOOD AND ALL : HENCEFORWARD YOU ARE AND EVER WILL BE FRENCH. TOGETHER WITH THOSE LIBERTIES FOR WHICH HER NAME HAS STOOD THROUGHOUT THE AGES, FRANCE BRINGS YOU THE ASSURANCE THAT YOUR OWN LIBERTIES WILL BE RESPECTED : YOUR ALSATIAN LIBER- TIES, TRADITIONS AND WAYS OF LIVING. AS HER REPRESENTATIVE I BRING YOU FRANCE'S MATERNAL EMBRACE. » INTRODUCTION The expression Alsace-Lorraine was devis- ed by the Germans to denote that part of our national territory, the annexation of which Germany imposed upon us by the treaty of Frankfort, in 1871. Alsace and Lorraine were the names of two provinces under our monarchy, but provinces — as such — have ceased to exi$t in France since 1790 ; the country is divided into depart- ments — mere administrative subdivisions under the same national laws and ordi- nances — nor has the most prejudiced his- torian ever been able to point to the slight- est dissatisfaction with this arrangement on the part of any district in France, from Dunkirk to Perpignan, or from Brest to INTRODUCTION Strasbourg. France affords a perfect exam- ple of the communion of one and all in deep love and reverence for the mother-country ; and the history of the unfortunate depart- ments subjected to the yoke of Prussian militarism since 1871 is the most eloquent and striking confirmation of the justice of France's demand for reparation of the crime then committed by Germany. The territories annexed in 1871 were made up of all or part of four French de- partments ; In the Moselle department, they consti- tuted the " arrondissements " of Metz, Thionville and Sarreguemines ; In the Meurthe department, those of Sarrebourg and Chateau-Salins ; They comprised the whole of the Bas- Rhin department (with Strasbourg as its chef-lieu) and all the Haut-Rhin depart- ment {chef-lieu Colmar) with the exception of the Belfort district, which remained French. Under the old regime, the Moselle and the Meurthe departments were part of Ivorraine : the Haut-Rhin and the Bas-Rhin went to make up Alsace. Our purpose, in the present survey, is to give a summary of the documents whereby is demonstrated — incontrovertibly, in our' opinion —*- the injustice of the German annexation in 1870, and the necessity for the rescindment of that measure and the restitution pi the French departments to the mother-country ; it is our intention, while so doing, to quote liberally from the writings of nputrals, and likewise from a number of German publications that have appeared since the declaration of war on August 4th 1914. FIRST PART THE WAR OF 1870 AND THE GERMAN ANNEXATION CHAPTER I ALSACE AND LORRAINE DOWN TO THE WAR OF 187O It was about the middle of the Sixteenth Cen- tury that the land of Lorraine, became part and parcel of France. In 1551, at- the time of the conflicts brought about in Europe by the pre- tentions of the house of Austria, Maurice de Saxe, in his own name and in the name of the German Princes, recognised the sovereignty of Henry II, King of France, over the city of Metz, and the following year, April 10th 1552, the gates of that fortress were thrown open to the French. There- upon, the Emperor Charles V, at the head of an army of 80.000 men, provided with a force of artillery such as was almost unheard of at the time, laid siege to Metz. The resistance opposed by Frangois de Guise, of the house of Lorraine, 12 THE ANNEXATION OF ALSACE-LORRAINE successfully withstood the attack. ^ After sixty- five days of investment, during forty-five of which open trench operations were in progress, and 15 000 shells were fired at the defenders, Charles V raised the siege, at the end of the year 1552, having had one-third of his troops slain on the field of battle. Metz became French territory from that time forward. In the following century, the treaty of West- phalia, while putting an end to the Thirty Years' War by a general settlement of European affairs, ceded Alsace to France, as a reward for the pro- tection afforded by Richelieu and Mazarin to the Protestant Princes of Germany. The cession, made in 1648, was extended in 1681 to Strasbourg, which was then joined to France. Under the old regime, such transmissions of suzerainty were by no* means contrary to tho Iyaw of Nations* The so-called Holy German Empire was not a modern State ; still less did it constitute a nation. Under a common name, it was just a conglomeration of principalities, bishoprics, electorates and free cities, severally possessed of their own laws, customs and indi- vidual existence. The inhabitants did not belong to themselves. They were made over from one master by another by contract, by inheritance, or by, marriage. As a matter of fact, neither under Louis XIV, nor under Louis XV, $id any demonstration take place against the authority of the French Kings. JxtL^Kj V h,j\. Y ^ On the occasion of a solemnity helcL at Stras- bourg University, Jean-Daniel Schoepflin voiced the sentiments of the Alsatians in the following words : « Nature has been bountiful to Alsace ; but of all the benefits showered upon her, the most precious in my opinion is that Alsace, Gallic by her origins, should have reverted to France. » And in confirmation of these words, uttered by the historian of Alsace, we have the most unimpeachable testimony, that of the Prussian Ambassador Schmettau, who wrote in 1701 (27 years after the French marched into Stras- bourg) : « We cannot take back Alsace, because it is a 'Well-established fact that the Alsatians q,re even more French than the Parisians. We must needs, therefore, leave the Alsatians to their beloved v France, or at most deprive her of the land and the revenues, for the only means of capturing their hearts would be a chain two hundred years in length. Even if taken by force, the land of Alsace will remain a smouldering furnace of love fbr France. » In. 1744, when the « Pandours » from beyond the Rhine invaded Alsace ; King Louis XV him- self took command of his troops, declaring that he would not « have his kingdom nibbled away ». The threatened provinces gave him a triumphal reception; the sickness by which the monarch was struck down at Metz cheated as great a i4 THE ANNEXATION OF ALSACE-LORRAINE stir as any national calamity might have caused. In 1781, the city of Strasbourg celebrated the centenary of her Union with France by great solem- nities, in the course of which the chief magistrate gave expression to the grateful attachment of all ranks, and of the private citizens, who for one hundred years had enjoyed a tranquillity and happiness such as their ancestors had never known. A few years later the influence of the principles of liberty and equality set forth by the French philosophers of the Eighteenth Century, Mon- tesquieu, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and others, led in France to the Revolution, which proclaimed the rights of individuals and nations in Europe ; Alsace and Iyorraine were among the first to take part in that patriotic movement, nor was their loyalty shaken at any moment during the upheaval caused by internal conflicts and the coalition of Europe against France. The young Republic was never confronted by any separatist tendencies on the part of the Eastern pro- vinces. As early, indeed, as the constitution in 1787, of the Provincial Assemblies — the forerunners of the States-General of 1789 — the Alsatian Commission had recorded in an official document the very charter of modern times : « Everything that belongs to the feudal system is character- ised by a spirit of thraldom that cannot be tole- rated in a properly constituted society. And no later than July yth 1789, the citizens of Stras- AND ITS RECOVERY —• 15 bourg declared that « in the most distant part of the country they shared in the general rejoicing caused by the binding together of the representatives of the French nation in one body full of power and light. » , On July 14th, in Paris, the first man to lead tjie Gardes Frangaises into the Bastille, that sym- bolic stronghold of the arbitrary power of kings, was an Alsatian officer, Elie, of the Queen's Regiment ; though he had set out in civilian garb, h£ presently donned his glittering uniform, boldly proclaiming his quality to the foe as well as to his own party. A week later the popula- tion of Strasbourg rose in their turn ; the old aristocracy left the municipal power in the hands of an administrative body chosen from among every degree of the bourgeoisie. The life of the old regime in Strasbourg was at an end. The very next year the National Assembly abolished that regime in Alsace ; the question of the feudal Princes' rights was settled in accordance with the declaration of Merlin de Douai, proclaiming the statute of the French populations : « The time is no longer when kings could dispose as they listed of what they called their flocks; the Alsatian people, last year, clearly expressed their desire to be united with France, their will alone consummated or legitimised that union, and they became French because « such was their good plea- sure ». J That same year, 1790, the National Guards, 16 THE ANNEXATION OF ALSACE-LORRAINE at Metz, in an address sent by them to the Na- tional Assembly, declared that the new Consti- tution left them nothing to regret, but that on the contrary their fathers would no doubt have envied them, had they been able to witness their felicity.
Recommended publications
  • Stephen Griffin – Research Trip to Nancy, France May 2017 I Was Fortunate Enough to Receive Funding from the AHSS Postgraduate
    Stephen Griffin – Research Trip to Nancy, France May 2017 I was fortunate enough to receive funding from the AHSS Postgraduate Research Committee which allowed me to embark upon an extended research trip to Nancy, France between 7-21 May. Nancy was formerly the capital of the old duchy of Lorraine and this trip was undertaken as a requirement of my PhD research, which examines the life of one Owen O’Rourke, an Irish soldier, agent, chamberlain and counsellor of state to the dukes of Lorraine between 1698 and 1727. O’Rourke having lived in Lorraine for almost thirty years, it is crucial that I should be able to visit Nancy to conduct research on his time there. Much of my time was spent firstly at the Archives départmentales de Meurthe-et-Moselle and afterwards at the Bibliothéque Municipale de Nancy both of which house many important documents regarding Lorraine’s past and the history of the dukes. In particular, I examined ducal correspondence, wages and pension books and additional financial documents from the old ducal court at Lúneville, located a few miles south of Nancy. (The gardens at Lúneville with the ducal court in the distance. Author’s own image.) Lorraine itself was situated between France and the Holy Roman Empire. In particular, in times of war the duchy was subject to occupation by French forces (Lorraine would eventually be annexed by France in 1766). Warfare and famine led to a decline in the populace of the duchy in the seventeenth century, which led to the dukes encouraging immigration to repopulate their lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Social and Solidarity Economy: Challenges and Opportunities for Today’S Entrepreneurs
    Social and Solidarity Economy: Challenges and Opportunities for Today’s Entrepreneurs UNITEE Strasbourg, 21st March 2014 The European-Turkish Business Confederation (UNITEE) represents, at the European level, entrepreneurs and business professionals with a migrant background (New Europeans). Their dual cultural background and their entrepreneurial spirit present a central asset which can facilitate Europe’s economic growth. FEDIF Grand Est is the Federation of French-Turkish Entrepreneurs of the French Great East region. It represents trade and industry entrepreneurs of the East of France. The first objective of FEDIF Grand Est is to contribute to the economic development of the region by promoting entrepreneurship and supporting the regional enterprises. CONFERENCE REPORT On Friday, 21st March 2014, UNITEE and FEDIF Grand Est organised the panel discussion “Social and Solidarity Economy: Challenges and Opportunities for Today’s Entrepreneurs” in UNITEE’s Strasbourg Office. Catherine Trautmann, MEP, and Pierre Roth, Managing Director of the Regional Chamber of the Social and Solidarity Economy of Alsace, were invited to this event to discuss the topic of social and solidarity economy (SSE), a major issue in the context of economic crisis. SPEAKERS Moderator: Mme Camille Serres, Project Manager Catherine Trautmann, MEP, Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament Pierre Roth, Managing Director of the Regional Chamber of the Social and Solidarity Economy of Alsace (CRESS Alsace) 2 CONFERENCE REPORT Aburahman Atli, Secretary General of FEDIF Grand Est and head of UNITEE’s Strasbourg Office, opened the conference with a welcome speech in which he underlined the challenges and opportunities of this new form of economy in our worrying economic climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Bulletin D'information Communal
    ERNOLSHEIM-LES-SAVERNE N° 18 – OCTOBRE 2018 Le Bulletin d’ Information Communal Chères concitoyennes, chers concitoyens, « J’ai une bonne nouvelle à t’annoncer et une mauvaise ! » Qui n’a pas déjà entendu cette phrase. Elle est applicable dans la vie de chacun et de chacune et cela dans tous les domaines. Elle vaut aussi en matière de gestion communale. Dans le dernier BIC j’avais évoqué la « mauvaise herbe, le « Drack » et son traitement. La bonne nouvelle pour les personnes sensibles à l’environnement était la suppression des désherbants et, la mauvaise, l’arrachage beaucoup plus long et plus pénible. Quand le service Technique Territorial (CD67) nous informe qu’il va rénover la rue principale, c’est une bonne nouvelle. Quand il ajoute qu’il va mettre de l’enrobé fin dans la partie Ouest du village, on peut considérer que c’est une très bonne nouvelle. Mais la mauvaise nouvelle induite est le report de la mise en place des chicanes. Il est vrai que dans ce cas cette mauvaise nouvelle sera de nouveau une bonne pour ceux qui sont contre la mise en place d’un tel dispositif ! Prenons le cas des subventions. Lorsque des investissements sont éligibles à une subvention, c’est une bonne chose. Une bonne nouvelle. Mais lorsqu’il faut attendre parfois quatre à six mois pour connaître la décision du financeur et si en plus la subvention est refusée c’est une mauvaise chose vu le temps et l’énergie perdus. Un autre exemple : la suppression de la TH (taxe d’habitation). C’est incontestablement une bonne nouvelle pour ceux qui ne la paieront plus.
    [Show full text]
  • Krafft to Niderviller
    Panache Classic Alsace & Lorraine Cruise Krafft to Niderviller ITINERARY Sunday, Day 1 Krafft Guests are met in Strasbourg** and transferred by private chauffeured minibus to Panache for a Champagne welcome and the first opportunity to meet your crew. Perhaps there is time for a walk or cycle ride before dinner on board. Monday, Day 2 Krafft to Strasbourg Our day starts with a morning cruise, across the Gran Ried wetlands and home to an abundance of birdlife, to arrive at the historic city of Strasbourg. Later, we enjoy a tour of the beautiful ‘capital city of Europe’ including, of course, a visit to the 12th century Gothic pink sandstone cathedral, home to an astronomical Renaissance clock and soaring spire. We visit Place Gutenberg and explore La Petite France, a pedestrian area brimming with half-timbered houses, boutique shops and cafés. Dinner on board. Tuesday, Day 3 Strasbourg to Waltenheim-sur-Zorn After breakfast, our cruise takes us past the impressive European Parliament building on the outskirts of Strasbourg and on through the Brumath Forest to our picturesque mooring at Waltenheim-sur-Zorn. This afternoon we enjoy a scenic drive into the rolling Vosges hills on the Route des Grands Vins, where the finest wines of Alsace are produced, and a private tasting of Gewürztraminer, Pinot Noir and Riesling wines at a long-established winemaker, such as Domaine Pfister. Dinner ashore this evening at a traditional Alsatian restaurant. Wednesday, Day 4 Waltenheim-sur-Zorn to Saverne This morning, for any guests who are interested we can arrange a guided tour, with an optional beer tasting, of the Meteor Brewery, the last privately-owned brewery in Alsace.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany (1950-2018)
    Germany Self-rule INSTITUTIONAL DEPTH AND POLICY SCOPE Germany has two-tiered regional governance consisting of sixteen Länder and (Land)Kreise. Several Länder have a third tier between these two, Regierungsbezirke (administrative districts). Two Länder have a fourth tier of regional governance, Landschaftsverbände in North-Rhine Westphalia and Bezirksverband Pfalz in Rhineland-Palatinate.1 The 1949 Basic Law of the German Federal Republic granted eleven Länder extensive competences, which include legislative powers for culture, education, universities, broadcasting/television, local government, and the police (C 1949, Art. 74; Council of Europe: Germany 1999; Hrbek 2002; Swenden 2006; Watts 1999a, 2008). Länder also exercise residual competences (C 1949, Art. 70). In addition, the Basic Law states that Länder are responsible for the implementation of most federal laws (C 1949, Arts. 83–85). The federal government may legislate to preserve legal and economic unity with respect to justice, social welfare, civil law, criminal law, labor law, and economic law (C 1949, Art 72.2), and it has authority to establish the legislative framework in higher education, the press, environmental protection, and spatial planning (C 1949, Art. 72.3; Reutter 2006). The federal government exercises sole legislative authority over foreign policy, defense, currency, and public services (C 1949, Art. 73; Council of Europe: Germany 1999; Hrbek 2002; Swenden 2006; Watts 1999a, 2008). It also has exclusive authority over immigration and citizenship (C 1949, Arts. 73.2 and 73.3), though Länder administer inter-Land immigration and have concurrent competence on residence (Bendel and Sturm 2010: 186-187; C 1949, Arts. 74.4 and 74.6).2 However, this is not enough to qualify for the maximum score on policy scope.β The constitutional division of authority was extended to the five new Länder after unification in 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Canal De La Marne Au Rhin
    CANAUX ET VÉLOROUTES D’ALSACE Wasserwege und Fernradwege im Elsass Waterways and Cycle routes in Alsace Waterwegen en Fietspaden in de Elzas 5 Sarre-UnionLe canal de la Marne au Rhin | 86 km 3.900 KM 4 km EUROVÉLO 5 : Harskirchen (Section Réchicourt > Strasbourg)(Abschnitt Réchicourt > Straßburg) 17 km (Section Réchicourt > Strasbourg) Sarrewerden Der Rhein Marne Kanal Ecluse 16 /Altviller 16 The Rhine-Marne canal(stuk Réchicourt > Straatsburg) 5 Marne-Rijnkanaal PARC NATUREL 2H30 Diedendorf RÉGIONAL 13 km 14 ALSACE BOSSUE DES VOSGES DU NORD HAGUENAU Mittersheim 13 Fénétrange Schwindratzheim 10,7 km 64 Mutzenhouse Bischwil St-Jean-de-Bassel 11,5 km 6 H 20 km Niederschaeffolsheim Albeschaux Steinbourg Waltenheim 5 H Hochfelden 87 2H 44 sur Zorn Henridorff 37 Rhodes Langatte 41 en cana SAVERNE 4,3 km Brumath nci l 4,8 km A liger Ka ma na 5 km 1 SARREBOURG e er can l 8,2 km 4 h rm al 20 3 H 30 11 km e o F 31 Zornhoff Dettwiller 3H30 6,5 km Monswiller Lupstein Wingersheim Niderviller Vendenheim Kilstett 10 km 5 H Houillon Lutzelbourg Mittelhausen Reichstett Arzviller Saint-Louis 5 km GONDREXANGE 2H45 Guntzviller Marmoutier 2H30 Plaine-de-Walsch Souffelweyersheim 18 Hesse Hohatzenheim 3,8 km Xouaxange Bischheim La Landange 1H15 RÉCHICOURT Schiltigheim KOCHERSBERG 51 15,8 km 15,8 5 km 15,8 Kehl 6 9 km 857 Offe STRASBOURG 85 Bas-Rhin 1 2 3 5 6 7 LORRAINE (F) 9,2 km LOTHRINGEN 2H30 Neuried (D) PFALZ (D) Lauterbourg 6,7 km BAS-RHIN Plobsheim ALSACE 1H Réchicourt Strasbourg LORRAINE 3 km 80 BADENKrafft Colmar SCHWARZWALD (D) Fribourg (DE) Mulhouse
    [Show full text]
  • Zones PTZ 2017
    Zones PTZ 2017 - Maisons Babeau Seguin Pour construire votre maison au meilleur prix, rendez-vous sur le site de Constructeur Maison Babeau Seguin Attention, le PTZ ne sera plus disponible en zone C dès la fin 2017 et la fin 2018 pour la zone B2 Région Liste Communes N° ZONE PTZ Département Commune Région Département 2017 67 Bas-Rhin Adamswiller Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Albé Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Allenwiller Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Alteckendorf Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Altenheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Altwiller Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Andlau Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Artolsheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Aschbach Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Asswiller Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Auenheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Baerendorf Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Balbronn Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Barembach Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bassemberg Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Batzendorf Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Beinheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bellefosse Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Belmont Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Berg Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bergbieten Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bernardvillé Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Berstett Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Berstheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Betschdorf Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bettwiller Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Biblisheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bietlenheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bindernheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Birkenwald Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bischholtz Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bissert Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bitschhoffen Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Blancherupt Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Blienschwiller Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Boesenbiesen Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bolsenheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Boofzheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin Bootzheim Alsace C 67 Bas-Rhin
    [Show full text]
  • Déclaration D'intention De L'eptb Meurthe Madon
    Déclaration d’intention de l’EPTB Meurthe Madon - Projet de lutte contre les inondations et de restauration du Madon L’Établissement Public Territorial de Bassin (EPTB) Meurthe Madon est un établissement créé en 2011, ses membres sont les intercommunalités, la Région Grand Est et les conseils départementaux de Meurthe-et-Moselle et des Vosges. Son rôle est de créer, structurer et animer une stratégie globale de prévention des inondations sur son territoire. Son périmètre d'action couvre le bassin versant de la Meurthe (293 communes pour 505 000 habitants) ainsi que le bassin versant du Madon (67 communes pour 65 000 habitants) et ceci jusqu'à la confluence avec la Moselle. Les objectifs de ce syndicat mixte sont de promouvoir une gestion intégrée des risques d'inondation en vue de réduire leurs conséquences dommageables sur la santé humaine, les biens, les activités économiques et l'environnement, à l'échelle des bassins versants de la Meurthe et du Madon. Les intercommunalités membres de l’EPTB ont toutes transféré la compétence « prévention des inondations ». De manière optionnelle, certaines ont transféré également la compétence « gestion des milieux aquatiques naturels », une intercommunalité a choisi de déléguer cette compétence. Ainsi, l’EPTB Meurthe Madon s’est engagé dès 2011 dans une démarche d’élaboration d’un projet global de lutte contre les inondations et de restauration des milieux aquatiques sur le bassin du Madon, qui s’est traduite par la labellisation d’un premier Programme d’Actions de Prévention des Inondations (PAPI) en 2018. Cette contractualisation PAPI permet à l'EPTB depuis avril 2019 de mener l'ensemble des actions prévues au programme et de bénéficier de fonds européens (FEDER), du fond Barnier (Etat), d'aides de l'Agence de l'eau Rhin Meuse et de la Région Grand Est.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Alsatian
    2017 Texas Alsatian Karen A. Roesch, Ph.D. Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis, Indiana, USA IUPUI ScholarWorks This is the author’s manuscript: This is a draft of a chapter that has been accepted for publication by Oxford University Press in the forthcoming book Varieties of German Worldwide edited by Hans Boas, Anna Deumert, Mark L. Louden, & Péter Maitz (with Hyoun-A Joo, B. Richard Page, Lara Schwarz, & Nora Hellmold Vosburg) due for publication in 2016. https://scholarworks.iupui.edu Texas Alsatian, Medina County, Texas 1 Introduction: Historical background The Alsatian dialect was transported to Texas in the early 1800s, when entrepreneur Henri Castro recruited colonists from the French Alsace to comply with the Republic of Texas’ stipulations for populating one of his land grants located just west of San Antonio. Castro’s colonization efforts succeeded in bringing 2,134 German-speaking colonists from 1843 – 1847 (Jordan 2004: 45-7; Weaver 1985:109) to his land grants in Texas, which resulted in the establishment of four colonies: Castroville (1844); Quihi (1845); Vandenburg (1846); D’Hanis (1847). Castroville was the first and most successful settlement and serves as the focus of this chapter, as it constitutes the largest concentration of Alsatian speakers. This chapter provides both a descriptive account of the ancestral language, Alsatian, and more specifically as spoken today, as well as a discussion of sociolinguistic and linguistic processes (e.g., use, shift, variation, regularization, etc.) observed and documented since 2007. The casual observer might conclude that the colonists Castro brought to Texas were not German-speaking at all, but French.
    [Show full text]
  • (M Supplément) Administration Générale Et Économie 1800-1870
    Archives départementales du Bas-Rhin Répertoire numérique de la sous-série 15 M (M supplément) Administration générale et économie 1800-1870 Dressé en 1980 par Louis Martin Documentaliste aux Archives du Bas-Rhin Remis en forme en 2016 par Dominique Fassel sous la direction d’Adélaïde Zeyer, conservateur du patrimoine Mise à jour du 19 décembre 2019 Sous-série 15 M – Administration générale et économie, 1800-1870 (M complément) Page 2 sur 204 Sous-série 15 M – Administration générale et économie, 1800-1870 (M complément) XV. ADMINISTRATION GENERALE ET ECONOMIE COMPLEMENT Sommaire Introduction Répertoire de la sous-série 15 M Personnel administratif ........................................................................... 15 M 1-7 Elections ................................................................................................... 15 M 8-21 Police générale et administrative............................................................ 15 M 22-212 Distinctions honorifiques ........................................................................ 15 M 213 Hygiène et santé publique ....................................................................... 15 M 214-300 Divisions administratives et territoriales ............................................... 15 M 301-372 Population ................................................................................................ 15 M 373 Etat civil ................................................................................................... 15 M 374-377 Subsistances ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Project Details
    Early Warning System EIB-20160545 COLLEGES MEURTHE-ET-MOSELLE Early Warning System EIB-20160545 COLLEGES MEURTHE-ET-MOSELLE Quick Facts Countries France Financial Institutions European Investment Bank (EIB) Status Proposed Bank Risk Rating U Borrower DEPARTEMENT DE LA MEURTHE-ET-MOSELLE Sectors Education and Health Investment Type(s) Loan Investment Amount (USD) $ 73.48 million Loan Amount (USD) $ 73.48 million Project Cost (USD) $ 156.40 million Early Warning System https://ews.rightsindevelopment.org/ [email protected] Early Warning System EIB-20160545 COLLEGES MEURTHE-ET-MOSELLE Project Description According to EIB website, the project concerns the demolition, construction, reconstruction, extension and renovation of lower secondary schools (first cycle of second level studies) in the Department of Meurthe-et-Moselle in France. The project is part of the New Generations Plan (PCNG), the multi-year construction and renovation program of the department. The objectives of the CPNG are the modernization and consolidation of the educational heritage and the realization of the 2012 Thermal Regulation, which leads to significant investments in the reduction of energy consumption. The project focuses on energy efficiency within the framework of the CPNP. The project integrates 27 investment operations including:6 buildings have nine of colleges; 3 heavy extensions and restructuring of colleges; 3 heavy college restructuring; and 15 renovations of colleges or various improvements The purpose of the project is the construction, reconstruction, extension and renovation of colleges. The investments are aimed at: (i) increasing the capacity to cope with population growth; (ii) adapting infrastructures to new technologies; (iii) improve the accessibility of colleges to persons with disabilities; and (iv) improve the energy efficiency of buildings.
    [Show full text]
  • THE FEARS of the JEWS in ALSACE a Tradition Set in the Stone
    CHAPTER SIXTEEN THE FEARS OF THE JEWS IN ALSACE A tradition set in the stone of ‘local law’, that is, the Concordat, tends to emphasize the importance of belonging to a community and there- fore in many respects conditions the political life of the region. That being the case, the presence of Islam, a religion which has now become important and nevertheless is still far from being fully incorporated in the public sphere, destabilises a political order which is based on the representation of a model—doubtless idealised—of the institutional coexistence of the major religions. Present-day anti-Semitism in Alsace could also be the outcome of a con ict between an ‘established’ Jewish community and a ‘Muslim community’ endeavouring to nd its niche. This spontaneous interpretation is so frequent, particularly amongst the Jews in Strasbourg, that it is the obvious starting point for our research. A Destiny? The Jewish community in Strasbourg is one of the largest and most structured in France. Although it is scattered throughout the urban community, it does have a religious visibility in what is considered to be the Jewish area of the town (approximately de ned by the triangle constituted by the Boulevard Clemenceau, the Avenue des Vosges and the Avenue de la Paix, in the north of the historical centre of Stras- bourg) and which includes the Synagogue de la Paix—a place of worship and a community centre—the Bas-Rhin Israelite Consistory and the denominational schools. Religious Judaism, which is at the core of the institutional concept of ‘community’, has various tendencies.
    [Show full text]