New Jersey Table of Contents
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Guide to Doing Business in New Jersey Table of Contents Section 1 Section 4 Starting a New Business 3 Franchising 45 Getting Started 3 What is Franchising? 45 Elements of a Business Plan 4 Investing in a Franchise 46 Construction of a Business Plan 4 Sample Business Plan Outline 6 Section 5 Business Registration 7 Procurement Opportunities 49 Planning 8 Set-Aside and Certification Office 50 Registering a Trade Name and Certifying Agencies 51 Incorporation 9 Surety Bonds 54 Regulations and Licenses 10 U.S. Small Business Administration’s Marketing: The Pathway to Profits 10 Government Contracting Program 56 Trademarks and Copyrights 11 How to Be Paid Promptly by the State of New Jersey Patents in Brief 12 57 Reducing the Risk 13 Additional Procurement Resources 59 Forms of Business Organizations 14 Section 6 Sole Proprietorship 14 Exporting 61 Partnership 14 Export Financing 66 Corporation 16 Other Sources of Financial Assistance 67 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Forms of Business Organizations 16 Section 7 Choosing a Location 18 Resources 69 Starting A Business Checklist 18 Regional Alliance for Small Contractors, Inc. 70 Section 2 The Procurement Technical Assistance Costs of Doing Business 21 Center at New Jersey Institute of New Jersey Sales Tax 21 Technology 72 Income Tax Withheld 21 The New Jersey Small Business Insurance 23 Development Centers 73 Employee Insurance 24 Business Management Counseling from Record Keeping 26 Service Corps of Retired Executives 77 Professional Help 26 Frequently Utilized Telephone Numbers 80 Other Employee Issues 27 Industrial Site Recovery Act- ISRA 28 Section 3 Financial Information 29 Small Business Start-up Money 29 How Much Money To Borrow 31 State Programs of Financial Assistance 32 Disclaimer: Federal Programs of Financial Assistance 37 The data in this guide was updated in September of 2010 and was current at the time of publication. This guide is not intended as an exhaustive study on starting a business. When specific questions arise contact the New Jersey Business Action Center at 866-534-7789 or log onto www.NewJerseyBusiness.gov. Section 1: Starting a New Business Getting Started Most entrepreneurs are not adequately prepared to go into business. While they have the motivation, desire and talent, many have not taken time to properly investigate and research the business they are interested in starting. Reasons to Start a Business Before starting a small business, list the reasons you want to go into business. Use a specific and The following best helps answer the question, systematic approach to build a plan from which what niche will the business fill? success can be evaluated. • Is your idea practical and will it fill a need? • What/who is your competition? Some common reasons for starting a business • What is your advantage over existing include: businesses? • Can you deliver a higher value/better quality • Want to be your own boss service? • Want financial independence • Can you create a demand for your business? • Don’t work well with others • Dislike policy and procedures The last step in the model is the pre-business • Want creative freedom checklist. Answer the following questions and • Want to fully use your skills and knowledge write down the responses before developing your plan: To determine the right business, answer the following questions: • Describe the business you are interested in starting. • What do you like to do with your time? • What services or products will you sell? • What technical skills have you learned or • Where will you locate? developed? • What skills and experience do you bring to • Will you have the support of your family the business? and/or spouse? Friends? • What will be your legal structure? • How much time do you have to run the • What name will you go by? business? • What equipment or supplies will you need? • Do you have any hobbies or interests that • How will your business records be are marketable? maintained? • What insurance coverage will be needed? • What financing will ouy need? • What are your resources? • How will you compensate yourself and your staff? 3 For more information visit www.NewJerseyBusiness.gov Starting a New Business Do I Have What It Takes to Own/Manage a Define the Business Plan Small Business? It may seem silly to ask, “What business am I Future business owners will be the most really in?” But some owners/managers have important employers, so an objective appraisal gone broke because they never answered the of strengths and weaknesses is essential. Some question. questions to ask yourself are: The following sample business plan outline • Am I a self-starter? may be of assistance in creating the company’s • How well do I get along with a variety of business plan. personalities? • How good am I at making decisions? A Business Plan is: • Do I have the physical and emotional stamina to run a business? • The management and financial “blueprint” • How well do I plan and organize? for a business start-up and profitable • Are my attitudes and drive strong enough operation. to maintain motivation? • Written by the business owner with outside • How will the business affect my family? help, as needed. • The explanation of how the business will function and depicts its operational Elements of a Business Plan characteristics. • A detailed view of how the business will be What is a Business Plan and Why Do I Need capitalized and managed. One? A business plan precisely defines the business, identifies goals and serves as the firm’s résumé. The basic components include a current and pro forma balance sheet, an income statement and a cash flow analysis. It helps allocate resources properly, handles unforeseen complications and helps businesspeople make the right decisions. Because the business plan provides specific and organized information about the company and how it will repay borrowed money, a good business plan is a crucial part of any loan Construction of a Business Plan package. Additionally, the plan can tell sales 1. Business Description personnel, suppliers and others about the Includes your business name, address and company’s operations and goals. owner identification and identifies goals and objectives. Further, the description clarifies why the business person wants to be in business. 4 Starting a Business 2. Products and Services Describe what the company is selling and why. Explain, in detail, what products and services will be offered. 3. Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing are the core of business rationale. A business plan should address several basic questions: Whether your company is young or established, • Who and how large is your market? the business plan should include: • How will the business be competitive? • Income statement and balance sheet for • What pricing and sales terms are the last two years planned? • Projected income statement and balance • How will the business market its products sheet for the next two years and services? • Projected monthly cash flow statement for 12 months 4. Oper ating Requirements The plan should identify and describe the The plan should include an explanation of equipment, facilities and people necessary all projections. If you feel your finance or to generate products and services. How accounting knowledge is not sufficient to will the products and services be produced prepare these statements you should seek and made available to the customer? professional assistance. The bottom line is: will, or does, the company make a profit? 5. Financial Management This is the most critical part of any business 6. Concluding Narrative plan. Businesspeople will establish vital This segment of the plan should summarize schedules that will guide the financial business goals and objectives and send a health of the business. For a new business, message that owners are committed to the the plans should include: success of the business. • Projected “start-up costs” Put Your Best Foot Forward • Expected profit or return on investment (ROI) for the first year The business plan should be complete, clear, • Projected income statement and balance neat and accurate. It will be an extension of sheet for two years you and your business. • Projected monthly cash flow statement for 12 months The length of a good plan will vary from a few pages to a hundred or more. The plan should provide a sound “blueprint” for the business and entice any reader to want to know more. 5 For more information visit www.NewJerseyBusiness.gov Starting a Business Sample Business Plan Outline The market analysis should highlight the opportunities for the company to achieve its I. Cover Letter goals by asking: Include items below for loan applications • To whom are you trying to sell? A. Dollar amount requested • What are the trends in your target B. Terms and timing market? C. Type and price of securities • Who are your customers and what are their product/service preferences and II. Cover Letter reasons for purchasing? A. Dollar amount requested 1. Name IV. Products or Services 2. Location and plant description A. Description of product line 3. Product B. Patents, copyrights, legal and technical 4. Market and competition considerations 5. Management expertise C. Comparison to competitor’s products B. Business Goals D. Opportunities or plans for expanding or C. Summary of financial needs and redesigning product or service lines application of funds E. Project changes in sales mix cost and D. Earnings projections and potential profit return to investors E. “Exit” Strategy—describe to potential This section should fully describe each investor(s) exactly how they will be product or service including any brand names repaid for their investment. Repayment and unique features. Analyze competitive may come from refinancing or selling advantages and disadvantages of each. The stock to others. company’s customers may be the final users or may resell to someone else.