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The Idea of New Middle Ages in the Light of Friedrich Nietzsche’S Nihilism
ROCZNIKI KULTUROZNAWCZE Tom/Vol. XI, numer/number 4 – 2020 DOI: http://doi.org/10.18290/rkult20114-6 PIOTR PASTERCZYK * THE IDEA OF NEW MIDDLE AGES IN THE LIGHT OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE’S NIHILISM What I relate is the history of the next two centuries. I describe what is coming, what can no longer come differently: the advent of nihilism. This history can be related even now; for necessity itself is at work here. This future speaks even now in a hundred signs, this destiny announces itself everywhere; for this music of the future all ears are cocked even now. For some time now, our whole European culture has been moving as toward a catastro- phe, with a tortured tension that is growing from decade to dec- ade: restlessly, violently, headlong, like a river that wants to reach the end, that no longer reflects, that is afraid to reflect. — Friedrich NIETZSCHE, The Will to Power, Preface The historical period of the Middle Ages was a time of enormous change in the heart of European culture, which we can call a catastrophe in the am- bivalent sense of the end and dawn. The Middle Ages was the definitive end of the old Greek–Roman world and, at the same time, it was the definitive dawn of the Christian world preparing the new shape of Western Civilisa- tion. The concept of New Middle Ages refers to the cultural change occurring inside the modern and postmodern world according to Oskar Spengler’s idea of the end of Western Culture and the Nietzschean idea of nihilism. -
Ex Oriente Tenebrae!
Duncan Large Ex oriente tenebrae! Orientalism and Anti-Semitism in Oscar Levy’s Nietzsche 1 Introduction: Oscar Levy on Nietzsche’s Ecce Homo As general editor of the first Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche in English translation,1 Oscar Levy (1867–1946) played a vital part in the first wave of Nie- tzsche reception in England. Patrick Bridgwater argues: “rarely can a translation of a modern œuvre have exercised such powerful influence on so many important writers”.2 None of the translations in Levy’s English Nietzsche edition is by Levy himself (although he was translating two of Benjamin Disraeli’s novels into Ger- man at the same time);3 instead, in addition to negotiating the rights, corralling the translators and financing the edition, he proselytised for Nietzsche in his own writings through introductions and other essays. These certainly had the desired effect of winning readers for Nietzsche and raising awareness of the recently de- ceased German philosopher at an otherwise highly sensitive period of Anglo-Ger- man relations in the lead-up to the First World War. At the same time as Levy was promoting Nietzsche, though, he was not doing him any favours in the longer term by aligning him with various other causes which were dear to him person- ally, attaching Nietzsche’s name to his own dubious political programme. In this essay I want to examine Levy’s Nietzsche more closely by focussing on one of the less prominent – but none the less symptomatic – among his Nietzsche essays, his introduction to Nietzsche’s late autobiographical text Ecce homo. -
Nietzsche and Wagner: Their Influence on National Socialism
NIETZSCHE AND WAGNER: THEIR INFLUENCE ON NATIONAL SOCIALISM By Ethel Celeste Johnston Submitted as an Honors Paper In the Department of History TIE WOMAN'S COLLEGE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 19U9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. THE ACCUSATION 1 Connecting "Links" Heresay and Proof II. THE FATE OF GERMAN LIBERALISM. 3 The Revolution of 18U8 in Germany The Final Defeat of the German Liberals III. NIETZSCHE 5 The Prematurity of his Thought Biographical Sketch The Scope of his Work The Philosophy of the Superman Possible Perversion of his Thought Leading German nationalists of his Century 17. WAGNER 23 Gobineau's Influence on Wagner's Political Thought Wagner's Ideas on Nation and Race Biographical Sketch His Nationalistic Music His Part in the Revolution of 18U8 His Theories of Volk and Fuehrer His Anti-Semitism V. NIETZSCHE AND WAGNER: THEIR FRIENDSHIP AND PARTING.... 31 Nietzsche's Early Misinterpretation of Wagner's Purpose in Music The Effect of the Bayreuth Festival on Nietzsche's Idealism Reasons for their Parting VI. NIETZSCHE AND WAGNER AMONG THE NAZIS 35 Nietzsche as a Nazi National Hero Contrast of the Thinker's principles with Those of Hitler Wagner's Place in the Hierarchy of Nazi Heroes Comparison of Wagner's and Hitler's Ideas Influence of Wagner's Music on the Masses NIETZSCHE AND WACKIER: THEIR INFLUENCE ON NATIONAL SOCIALISM In 19U3 during the blackest days of World War II the United States Department of State issued a booklet on National Socialism— a summary of our enemy's ideology, its background, and its present application. -
Nietzsche's Orientalism
Duncan Large Nietzsche’s Orientalism Abstract: Edward Said may omit the German tradition from his ground-breaking study of Orientalism (1978), but it is clearly appropriate to describe Nietzsche as Orientalist in outlook. Without ever having left Western Europe, or even having read very widely on the subject, he indulges in a series of undiscriminating stereotypes about “Asia” and “the Orient”, borrowing from a range of contemporary sources. His is an uncom- mon Orientalism, though, for his evaluation of supposedly “Oriental” characteristics is generally positive, and they are used as a means to critique European decadence and degeneration. Because he defines the type “Oriental” reactively in opposition to the “European”, though, it is contradictory. Furthermore, on Nietzsche’s analysis “Europe” itself is less a type or a geographical designation than an agonal process of repeated self-overcoming. He reverses the received evaluation of the Europe-Orient opposition only in turn to deconstruct the opposition itself. Europe first emerged out of Asia in Ancient Greece, Nietzsche claims, and it has remained a precarious achieve- ment ever since, repeatedly liable to “re-orientalisation”. He argues that “Oriental” Christianity has held Europe in its sway for too long, but his preferred antidote is a further instance of European “re-orientalisation”, at the hands of the Jews, whose productive self-difference under a unified will he views as the best model for the “good Europeans” of the future. Keywords: Orientalism, Edward Said, Asia, Europe, Christianity, Jews, good Europeans. Zusammenfassung: Auch wenn in Edward Saids bahnbrechender Studie Orienta- lismus (1978) die deutsche Tradition nicht vorkommt, lässt sich Nietzsches Haltung doch als ‚orientalistisch‘ beschreiben. -
Ontological Nihilism. How Hegel Was Read by Nietzsche”, Abstrakt Und
Viriato Soromenho-Marques, Ontological Nihilism: How Hegel was read by Nietzsche Source for Quotation: "Ontological Nihilism. How Hegel was read by Nietzsche”, Abstrakt und Konkret- Zwei Schlüsselkategorien des zeitgenössischen Denkens, Eduardo Chitas und Domenico Losurdo (hersg.), Frankfurt am Main/Wien, Peter Lang, 2000, pp. 141-148. Ontological Nihilism How Hegel was read by Nietzsche By Viriato Soromenho-Marques (University of Lisbon) If we wish to find a topic that arises and crosses through the whole vast and fragmentary philosophical work written by the hand of Friedrich Nietzsche, I think that the concept of Nihilism complies most adequately with this requirement. I do not share the idea, according to which, Nietzsche so arduously transported materials to the ultimate goal of building another philosophical system but was prevented from doing so precisely because his intellectual health abruptly collapsed. On the contrary, I am deeply convinced that many of the most known hermeneutic endeavours massed around the work of Nietzsche confuse a systematic critical approach with a systematic constructive project. When, for example, we read the majors essays of Heidegger or Deleuze on Nietzsche we are scarcely able to find the undecided 'system' of Nietzsche, although we may surely recognize the features of the interpretative strategies developed both by Heidegger and Deleuze in so many other philosophical landscapes (Heidegger, 1961; Deleuze, 1977). Nevertheless, we may and must perceive some strong semantic zones, some hard conceptual bones, upon which Nietzsche organized the tissue and flesh of his own creative reflection. The category of Nihilism certainly belongs to that solid ground, and I allege that the problems and conceptual representations covered by that word were already in the 1 Viriato Soromenho-Marques, Ontological Nihilism: How Hegel was read by Nietzsche mind of the author even before the formal emergence of the term in Nietzsche's glossary drawn up in the 1880s (Soromenho-Marques, 1984: 180-206). -
The Impossibility of Flight
Wolters 0706620/1 The impossibility of flight An analysis of Wyndham Lewis’s Enemy of the Stars in the light of Nietzsche’s literary approach to an overcoming of nihilism in Thus Spake Zarathustra Bachelor’s Thesis Rik Wolters s0706620 [email protected] Supervisor: Dr. Ruud vd Beuken BA English Language and Culture Radboud University Nijmegen Wolters 0706620/2 Cover image: Wyndham Lewis, The Enemy of the Stars, Blast, 1914: viiia. Wolters 0706620/3 Abstract As a key work from the early 20th century avant-garde, Wyndham Lewis’s play Enemy of the Stars can be seen as a modernist reaction to the nihilism inherent in modernity. One of the most comprehensive expressions of nihilism may be found in the work of Friedrich Nietzsche. This study will bring the two authors together by investigating what nihilism means and a possible way out of this nihilism as presented in various elements in Nietzsche’s Zarathustra, and how these elements feature in Lewis’s play. Key words: Wyndham Lewis, Friedrich Nietzsche, modernism, nihilism Wolters 0706620/4 Table of Contents Abstract 4 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 Chapter 2: Nietzsche and nihilism 15 Chapter 3: Thus Spake Zarathustra 29 Chapter 4: Enemy of the Stars 44 Chapter 5: Conclusion 58 Bibliography 61 Wolters 0706620/5 Chapter 1: Introduction What is nihilism? In his essay “Twentieth Century Nihilism” (1952), the avant-garde writer, painter, and critic Wyndham Lewis diagnoses his contemporary existentialist thinkers, such as Jean-Paul Sartre, in this way: The hypothesis of an absolute somewhere else than in existence (as posited in classical metaphysics) is rejected by the Existentialist. -
The New Europe Group and New Britain Movement (1931–1935)
Pioneers of European Federalism: the New Europe Group and New Britain Movement (1931–1935) By: David Graham Page A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Arts and Humanities Department of History October 2016 ABSTRACT This thesis is the first in-depth study of the early 1930s Bloomsbury-based New Europe Group (NEG) and New Britain Movement (NBM), which constituted a politicised social movement led by Dimitrije Mitrinović. The Introduction situates the NEG/NBM as the British manifestation of the nouvelles relèves , the northwest European cluster of extra-parliamentary political groups that were neither plainly left-wing nor right-wing, but rather were infused with a spiritually based ideology influenced by the Personalist philosopher Emmanuel Mounier. Chapter 1 scrutinises the NEG/NBM as an antisystem challenger to the National Government, and analyses the movement’s ‘political perfectionist’ antisystemness in the context of the syncretic turn in British extra- parliamentary politics. Chapter 2 discusses the dynamics of the NEG/NBM, including its ‘prefigurative politics’ and Mitrinović’s use of ‘strategic ambiguity.’ Chapter 3 contextualises the European federalist thought of Mitrinović and other prominent figures in the NEG/NBM, and examines their understanding of the ‘European civil war’ and perception of the European and world ‘crisis.’ Chapter 4 begins with a comparative analysis of the proposals for European unity advanced by Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove-Kalergi, Aristide Briand, and Mitrinović and the NEG/NBM. The chapter then details the lines of reasoning the NEG/NBM used to make a case for Eurofederalism, and explains the movement’s proposals for European governance and federal institutions. -
The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche VOL
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE Or, How to Philosophise with the Hammer THE ANTICHRIST NOTES TO ZARATHUSTRA, AND ETERNAL RECURRENCE TRANSLATED BY ANTHONY M. LUDOVICI The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche The First Complete and Authorised English Translation Edited by Dr Oscar Levy Volume Sixteen T.N. FOULIS 13 & 15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: AND LONDON 1911 Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com CONTENTS TWILIGHT OF THE IDOLS TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE PREFACE MAXIMS AND MISSILES THE PROBLEM OF SOCRATES "REASON" IN PHILOSOPHY MORALITY AS THE ENEMY OF NATURE THE FOUR GREAT ERRORS THE "IMPROVERS" OF MANKIND THINGS THE GERMANS LACK SKIRMISHES IN A WAR WITH THE AGE THINGS I OWE TO THE ANCIENTS THE ANTICHRIST THE ETERNAL RECURRENCE NOTES TO ZARATHUSTRA TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE The Twilight of the Idols was written towards the end of the summer of 1888, its composition seems to have occupied only a few days,—so few indeed that, in Ecce Homo (p. 118), Nietzsche says he hesitates to give their number; but, in any case, we know it was completed on the 3rd of September in Sils Maria. The manuscript which was dispatched to the printers on the 7th of September bore the title: "Idle Hours of a Psychologist"; this, however, was abandoned in favour of the present title, while the work was going through the press. During September and the early part of October 1888, Nietzsche added to the original contents of the book by inserting the whole section entitled "Things the Germans Lack," and aphorisms 32-43 of "Skirmishes in a War with the Age"; and the book, as it now stands, represents exactly the form in which Nietzsche intended to publish it in the course of the year 1889. -
The Anatomy of Nietzsche's Transformation of Dionysus Thomas Drew Philbeck
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 The Anatomy of Nietzsche's Transformation of Dionysus Thomas Drew Philbeck Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE ANATOMY OF NIETZSCHE’S TRANSFORMATION OF DIONYSUS By THOMAS DREW PHILBECK A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Interdisciplinary Humanities in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2007 Copyright © 2007 Thomas Drew Philbeck All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve this dissertation of Thomas Drew Philbeck defended on May 25th, 2007. _____________________________ Mariarmen Martinez Professor Directing Dissertation _____________________________ John Marincola Outside Committee Member _____________________________ David Kangas Committee Member _____________________________ David Johnson Committee Member Approved: ______________________________________________________ David Johnson, Chair, Department of Interdisciplinary Humanities The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii To Garland H. Allen iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………….…………...v ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………..vi PREFACE………………………………………………………………………………viii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………...……...1 CHAPTER I: SCHOPENHAUER AND THE WILL……………….………….……..10 -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The collapse of transcendence in Nietzsche's Middle Period / Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98r9n1c0 Author Sachs, Carl Beck Publication Date 2005 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The Collapse of Transcendence in Nietzsche’s Middle Period A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy by Carl Beck Sachs Committee in char ge: Professor Donald Rutherford, Chair Professor Michael Hardimon Professor Wayne Martin Professor Wm Ar ctander O’Brien Professor Tracy B. Strong 2005 The dissertation of Carl Beck Sachs is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publi cation on microfilm: Chair University of California, San Diego 2005 ii DEDICATION To the memory of Charles F. Beck, my Dionysian grandfather and Benjamin Sachs, my Apollonian grandfather iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page………………………………………………………………….……...ii Dedication…………………………………………………………………….…...…..iii Table of Co ntents………………………………..……………………………….…....iv List of Abbreviatio ns……………………………………………………….……….....v Acknowledgements……………………………………………………….…………..vii Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………..…………….....ix Abstract of the Diss ertation…………………………………………………….……..xi Chapter 1: The Free Spirit: Contexts and Texts…………………………………......... 1 1.1: Situating Nie tzsche……………………………………………...…………… 2 1.2: The Collapse of -
The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, by H
Project Gutenberg's The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, by H. L. Mencken This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche Author: H. L. Mencken Release Date: June 29, 2015 [EBook #49316] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PHILOSOPHY OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE *** Produced by Clare Graham & Marc D'Hooghe at http://www.freeliterature.org (Images generously made available by the Internet Archive.) THE PHILOSOPHY OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE BY H. L. MENCKEN I shall be told, I suppose, that my philosophy is comfortless—because I speak the truth; and people prefer to believe that everything the Lord made is good. If you are one such, go to the priests, and leave philosophers in peace! Arthur Schopenhauer. Third Edition BOSTON LUCE AND COMPANY 1913 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION When this attempt to summarize and interpret the principal ideas of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was first published, in the early part of 1908, several of his most important books were yet to be translated into English and the existing commentaries were either fragmentary and confusing or frankly addressed to the specialist in philosophy. -
New Age, Vol. 16, No. 10, Jan 7, 1915
PAGE PAGE NOTES OF THE WEEK . .233 READERSAND WRITERS. By P. Selver and E. X. B. 248 CU RR EN T CANTCURRENT . .235 MEMOIRS : X DIALOGUE. By Rudolf Presber FOREIGNAFFAIRS. By S. Verdad . 236 (translated by P. Selver) . 250 MILITARYNOTES. By Romney . .237 LETTERSFROM RUSSIA. By C. E. Bechhöfer . 252 LETTERSTO A TRADEUNIONIST-I. By Rowland CURRENTVERSE . .”53 Kenney .237 THE IDEALISTICREACTION AGAINST SCIENCE.By WARAND RELIGION. By DmitriMerezhkovski . 239 CoomaraswamyAnanda . .255 THE CASEOF EGYPT. By MarmadukePickthall . 240 PASTICHE.By P. Selver, H. H., FitzgeraldLane, “THEMENACE OF ENGLISHJUNKERDOM.” By A Arthur F. Thorn . 256 Publicist . 241 LETTERSTO THE EDITOR from C. H. Norman, Per GOBINEAUAND CHAMBERLAIN.By Dr.Oscar Levy 242 Sona, X, A. C. Nash,Arthur Kitson, J. M., THE HYPHENATEDSTATES OF AMERICA--I.By E. H. K. C., Harold Lister, Pteleon, For Rich E. A. B. .“43 and Poor, Millar Dunning, Upton Sinclair, An IMPRESSIONS OF PARIS.By Alice Morning . .245 Admirer of Mosesand Isaiah, Frederick, H. AFFIRMATIONS-I. ARNOLDDOLMETSCH. By Ezra Evans, A. F. T., Fair-to-All, John Duncan, Pound . 246 M. K. Hull, A Music-hallArtiste . 258 NOTES OF THE WEEK. Chancellor of the Exchequer, it will be recollected, stated definitely in the House of Commons that the Stock Ex- FROM time to time during the last four or five months change wouldbe opened under such conditions that the Government has relieved public anxiety by denying there could not be a “bear raid’’ on the new loan. plausible rumours of British disasters or defeats on land *** and sea. In recent weeks so relatively many adverse in- cidentshave become known tothe public, andthe Anotherpoint.