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THE LATE RENAISSANCE and MANNERISM in SIXTEENTH-CENTURY ITALY 591 17 CH17 P590-623.Qxp 4/12/09 15:24 Page 592
17_CH17_P590-623.qxp 12/10/09 09:24 Page 590 17_CH17_P590-623.qxp 12/10/09 09:25 Page 591 CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER The Late Renaissance and Mannerism in Sixteenth- Century Italy ROMTHEMOMENTTHATMARTINLUTHERPOSTEDHISCHALLENGE to the Roman Catholic Church in Wittenberg in 1517, the political and cultural landscape of Europe began to change. Europe s ostensible religious F unity was fractured as entire regions left the Catholic fold. The great powers of France, Spain, and Germany warred with each other on the Italian peninsula, even as the Turkish expansion into Europe threatened Habsburgs; three years later, Charles V was crowned Holy all. The spiritual challenge of the Reformation and the rise of Roman emperor in Bologna. His presence in Italy had important powerful courts affected Italian artists in this period by changing repercussions: In 1530, he overthrew the reestablished Republic the climate in which they worked and the nature of their patron- of Florence and restored the Medici to power. Cosimo I de age. No single style dominated the sixteenth century in Italy, Medici became duke of Florence in 1537 and grand duke of though all the artists working in what is conventionally called the Tuscany in 1569. Charles also promoted the rule of the Gonzaga Late Renaissance were profoundly affected by the achievements of Mantua and awarded a knighthood to Titian. He and his suc- of the High Renaissance. cessors became avid patrons of Titian, spreading the influence and The authority of the generation of the High Renaissance prestige of Italian Renaissance style throughout Europe. would both challenge and nourish later generations of artists. -
Cubism in America
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Sheldon Museum of Art Catalogues and Publications Sheldon Museum of Art 1985 Cubism in America Donald Bartlett Doe Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sheldonpubs Part of the Art and Design Commons Doe, Donald Bartlett, "Cubism in America" (1985). Sheldon Museum of Art Catalogues and Publications. 19. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sheldonpubs/19 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sheldon Museum of Art at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sheldon Museum of Art Catalogues and Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. RESOURCE SERIES CUBISM IN SHELDON MEMORIAL ART GALLERY AMERICA Resource/Reservoir is part of Sheldon's on-going Resource Exhibition Series. Resource/Reservoir explores various aspects of the Gallery's permanent collection. The Resource Series is supported in part by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts. A portion of the Gallery's general operating funds for this fiscal year has been provided through a grant from the Institute of Museum Services, a federal agency that offers general operating support to the nation's museums. Henry Fitch Taylor Cubis t Still Life, c. 19 14, oil on canvas Cubism in America .".. As a style, Cubism constitutes the single effort which began in 1907. Their develop most important revolution in the history of ment of what came to be called Cubism art since the second and third decades of by a hostile critic who took the word from a the 15th century and the beginnings of the skeptical Matisse-can, in very reduced Renaissance. -
Bilingual Distributed Word Representations from Document-Aligned Comparable Data
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 55 (2016) 953-994 Submitted 09/15; published 04/16 Bilingual Distributed Word Representations from Document-Aligned Comparable Data Ivan Vuli´c [email protected] University of Cambridge Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 9 West Road, CB3 9DP, Cambridge, UK Marie-Francine Moens [email protected] KU Leuven Department of Computer Science Celestijnenlaan 200A, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium Abstract We propose a new model for learning bilingual word representations from non-parallel document-aligned data. Following the recent advances in word representation learning, our model learns dense real-valued word vectors, that is, bilingual word embeddings (BWEs). Unlike prior work on inducing BWEs which heavily relied on parallel sentence-aligned cor- pora and/or readily available translation resources such as dictionaries, the article reveals that BWEs may be learned solely on the basis of document-aligned comparable data with- out any additional lexical resources nor syntactic information. We present a comparison of our approach with previous state-of-the-art models for learning bilingual word repre- sentations from comparable data that rely on the framework of multilingual probabilistic topic modeling (MuPTM), as well as with distributional local context-counting models. We demonstrate the utility of the induced BWEs in two semantic tasks: (1) bilingual lexicon extraction, (2) suggesting word translations in context for polysemous words. Our simple yet effective BWE-based models significantly outperform the MuPTM-based and context- counting representation models from comparable data as well as prior BWE-based models, and acquire the best reported results on both tasks for all three tested language pairs. -
Francis Poulenc and Surrealism
Wright State University CORE Scholar Master of Humanities Capstone Projects Master of Humanities Program 1-2-2019 Francis Poulenc and Surrealism Ginger Minneman Wright State University - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/humanities Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Repository Citation Minneman, G. (2019) Francis Poulenc and Surrealism. Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master of Humanities Program at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Humanities Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Minneman 1 Ginger Minneman Final Project Essay MA in Humanities candidate Francis Poulenc and Surrealism I. Introduction While it is true that surrealism was first and foremost a literary movement with strong ties to the world of art, and not usually applied to musicians, I believe the composer Francis Poulenc was so strongly influenced by this movement, that he could be considered a surrealist, in the same way that Debussy is regarded as an impressionist and Schönberg an expressionist; especially given that the artistic movement in the other two cases is a loose fit at best and does not apply to the entirety of their output. In this essay, which served as the basis for my lecture recital, I will examine some of the basic ideals of surrealism and show how Francis Poulenc embodies and embraces surrealist ideals in his persona, his music, his choice of texts and his compositional methods, or lack thereof. -
Mannerist Architecture and the Baroque in This Lecture I Want To
Mannerist Architecture and the Baroque In this lecture I want to discuss briefly the nature of Mannerist architecture and then begin to consider baroque art. We have already paid some attention to Mannerist painting and sculpture; and have seen how in the work of painters like Rosso Fiorentino, Bronzino and Parmigianino; and sculptors like Giovanni Bologna and Cellini, that after 1527, classical forms came to be used in a spirit alien to them; each artist developing a highly personal style containing capricious, irrational and anti-classical effects. Although the term Mannerism was first applied to painting before it came to be used to describe the period style between 1527 and 1600; it is possible to find similar mannerist qualities in the architecture of the time. And again it is Michelangelo whose work provides, as it were, a fountainhead of the new style. Rosso’s Decent from the Cross, which we have taken as one of the first signs of Mannerist strain and tension in the High Renaissance world, was painted in 1521. Three years later Michelangelo designed his Laurentian Library,* that is in 1524. It was designed to house the library of the Medicis; and we may take it as the first important building exhibiting Mannerist features.* We can best consider these features by comparing the interior of the library with the interior of an early Renaissance building such as Brunelleschi’s S. Lorenzo. Consider his use of columns. In Brunelleschi they are free standing. When he uses pilasters they project out from a wall as you expect a buttress to. -
CUBISM and ABSTRACTION Background
015_Cubism_Abstraction.doc READINGS: CUBISM AND ABSTRACTION Background: Apollinaire, On Painting Apollinaire, Various Poems Background: Magdalena Dabrowski, "Kandinsky: Compositions" Kandinsky, Concerning the Spiritual in Art Background: Serial Music Background: Eugen Weber, CUBISM, Movements, Currents, Trends, p. 254. As part of the great campaign to break through to reality and express essentials, Paul Cezanne had developed a technique of painting in almost geometrical terms and concluded that the painter "must see in nature the cylinder, the sphere, the cone:" At the same time, the influence of African sculpture on a group of young painters and poets living in Montmartre - Picasso, Braque, Max Jacob, Apollinaire, Derain, and Andre Salmon - suggested the possibilities of simplification or schematization as a means of pointing out essential features at the expense of insignificant ones. Both Cezanne and the Africans indicated the possibility of abstracting certain qualities of the subject, using lines and planes for the purpose of emphasis. But if a subject could be analyzed into a series of significant features, it became possible (and this was the great discovery of Cubist painters) to leave the laws of perspective behind and rearrange these features in order to gain a fuller, more thorough, view of the subject. The painter could view the subject from all sides and attempt to present its various aspects all at the same time, just as they existed-simultaneously. We have here an attempt to capture yet another aspect of reality by fusing time and space in their representation as they are fused in life, but since the medium is still flat the Cubists introduced what they called a new dimension-movement. -
Cubist Painting Related to the Culture from Which It Came and Its Validity Today in the High School Curriculum
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 5-1-1970 Cubist painting related to the culture from which it came and its validity today in the high school curriculum Virginia K. Fenton Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Fenton, Virginia K., "Cubist painting related to the culture from which it came and its validity today in the high school curriculum" (1970). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 657. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.657 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. PJJ ABSTRACT Ole"' THE 'rH&3IS OF Virginia K.. J.i'enton for the lviaster of Science i.n l'eaching presented Nr,y 13, 1970.. Tit.l(~: Cu.bist PaiDti.ng Related. to the Culture from 'I.·Thieh It 03.m.e and Its Validity Today .. :tn t.he High Sohool Ctrcriculum.. ,.-- Cubism ha.s often been referred to as Ita. dead art. n It is the ob- jective of this thesis to present evidence gained throueh working "lith m.gh school art students that the st.udy of Cubism, at the secondary level" can result in greater creativity and a genuine a,PPI'ec.d...""ti.on of the abstracto In addition to the study of Cubist artists and tbeir techniques" a. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI fihns the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in ^ e w rite r free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infonnation Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Aibor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE INFUSION OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ART FROM EIGHTEEN-EIGHTY TO THE EARLY NINETEEN-NINETIES FOR MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL ART EDUCATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ronald Wayne Claxton, B.S., M.A.E. -
Present Picasso): Portraiture and Self- Portraiture in Poetry and Art
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Modern Languages and Literatures, Department French Language and Literature Papers of July 1998 Future Mallarmé (Present Picasso): Portraiture and Self- portraiture in Poetry and Art Marshall C. Olds University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlangfrench Part of the Modern Languages Commons Olds, Marshall C., "Future Mallarmé (Present Picasso): Portraiture and Self-portraiture in Poetry and Art" (1998). French Language and Literature Papers. 45. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlangfrench/45 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Modern Languages and Literatures, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in French Language and Literature Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Future Mallarm6 (Present Picasso): Portraiture and Self-portraiture in Poetrv and Art Marshall C. Old( ' he centenary of Stkphane Mallarmk's death (1898-1998) not only provides the occasion for this article and for many other publications and colloquia, but is also an appropriate moment to reflect on the afterlife of a poet who was haunted by a spectral conception of the future and for whom the pristine survival of his work was an obsessive concern. In this, Mallarmi was like other writers in kind but not in degree. He pushed a preoccupation with the future to become one the major themes of his poetry: the future seen as a distinctly literary event, at once in the poem and yet beyond it, as though the completion of the poem, the "death of the poet, in effect marked the future. -
Open Posey Kyle 105Decisiveworks.Pdf
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF COMPARATIVE LITERATURE 105 DECISIVE WORKS OF OCCIDENTAL ART BY MICHEL BUTOR (TRANSLATION OF FINAL 50 PAGES) KYLE ANTHONY POSEY SPRING 2019 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in Comparative Literature and Art History with honors in Comparative Literature Reviewed and approved* by the following: Dr. Eric Hayot Distinguished Professor of Comparative Literature and Asian Studies Honors Advisor/Thesis Supervisor Dr. Christopher Reed Distinguished Professor of English, Visual Culture, and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Faculty Reader * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT This honors thesis is a translation from French to English of the writer Michel Butor’s art historical survey titled 105 Oeuvres Décisives de la Peinture Occidentale. I have translated the final fifty pages, which roughly covers modern art, beginning with Post-Impressionism. The introduction covers the background to the book, problems of translation, and a note about word- image relationships and what this thesis represents to me. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... v Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter -
Cubists and Futurists” by Daniel Robbins, 1961
Guggenheim Museum Archives Reel-to-Reel collection “Cubists and Futurists” by Daniel Robbins, 1961 DANIEL ROBBINS [00:00:00] Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the seventh and next-to-last lecture in this series. This afternoon, our subject is so vast and so complex, that I cannot pretend to do justice to it. I think I’ll cover substantially the same material next Thursday. [00:01:00] cubism and futurism have been the keywords of Modern painting for 50 years. cubism certainly the most influential and important movement at the beginning of our century, and futurism, that movement which, with its word and with its several manifestos, successfully captured the imagination of the public. For example, when the post-impressionist paintings and the cubist paintings and the futurist paintings came to America in 1913 for the Great Armory Show, almost the entire exhibition was referred to in flaming front page articles as “futurist work.” It was both a term of derision and a term of praise, depending on what [00:02:00] side of the issues one stood. What I propose to do this afternoon is to give a rather traditional run-through and analysis of cubism. It’s by no means the whole story. I propose to do likewise for futurism, and at the very end of my lecture, to suggest a few of the more complicated points that arise and which I hope I’ll be able to deal with next time. Let’s begin by looking at a kind of work we’ve seen before: a Picasso of 1902. -
Lesson 09: Michelangelo- from High Renaissance to Mannerism
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Art Appreciation Open Educational Resource 2020 Lesson 09: Michelangelo- From High Renaissance to Mannerism Marie Porterfield Barry East Tennessee State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/art-appreciation-oer Part of the Art and Design Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Editable versions are available for this document and other Art Appreciation lessons at https://dc.etsu.edu/art-appreciation-oer. Recommended Citation Barry, Marie Porterfield, "Lesson 09: Michelangelo- rF om High Renaissance to Mannerism" (2020). Art Appreciation Open Educational Resource. East Tennessee State University: Johnson City. https://dc.etsu.edu/art-appreciation-oer/10 This Book Contribution is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Art Appreciation Open Educational Resource by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Michelangelo from High Renaissance to Mannerism” is part of the ART APPRECIATION Open Educational Resource by Marie Porterfield Barry East Tennessee State University, 2020 Introduction This course explores the world’s visual arts, focusing on the development of visual awareness, assessment, and appreciation by examining a variety of styles from various periods and cultures while emphasizing the development of a common visual language. The materials are meant to foster a broader understanding of the role of visual art in human culture and experience from the prehistoric through the contemporary. This is an Open Educational Resource (OER), an openly licensed educational material designed to replace a traditional textbook.