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Comparison of Purple Passion Juice (Passiflora Edulis Var. Edulis) and Simvastatin on Lipid-Lowering Effect of Hyperlipidemic Rats Model

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Comparison of Purple Passion Juice (Passiflora edulis var. edulis) and Simvastatin on Lipid-lowering Effect of Hyperlipidemic Rats Model Alfi Muntafiah1a, Tisna Sendy Pratama1b, Anisa Rachmawati1c, Dewi Wahyu Wulandari1d and Qodri Santosa2e 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia 2 Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia Keywords: Purple passion juice, lipid profile, hyperlipidemia, Simvastatin, propylthiouracil, total cholesterol Abstract: Hyperlipidemia is a lipoprotein metabolic disorder characterized by high cholesterol and triglycerides in blood circulation. Non-pharmacological management efforts by consuming healthy foods are often the first choice. In the previous research, we found the antihypercholesterolemia potential of purple passion juice 4.2 mL/200gBB/day in experimental animals. This study aims to compare purple passion juice's effectiveness to Simvastatin in improving the lipid profile of the hyperlipidemic rats model. This true experimental study used 32 male Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups: K1 (normal control), K2 (hyperlipidemia control), K3 (purple passion juice 4.2 mL/200gBB/day), K4 (simvastatin 0.18 mg/200gBB/day). We used pork oil six mL/200gBB/day and Propylthiouracil (PTU) 12.5 mg/day, divided into two doses, for 14 days, by gavage, to induced hyperlipidemia. Blood sampling through retro-orbital veins was carried out at the end of induction (pre-test) and the end of the study (post-test) to measure the lipid profile. T-paired test on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the pre-post test showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol levels in K4 (p=0.00) and a significant decrease in triglyceride levels K3 (p=0.03), while in K1, there was a significant increase in both parameters. HDL levels decreased significantly in all groups. There was a significant difference in the one-way ANOVA test for both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p <0.05). Post Hoc test on post-test total cholesterol levels showed a significant difference in K2 v.s K4 (0.00), but there was no difference between K3 v.s K4 (p=0,54). The study concludes that Simvastatin was more effective in reducing total cholesterol levels; however, purple passion juice is more effective in lowering triglyceride levels. 1 INTRODUCTION initiate cellular damage, and play a role in atherosclerosis's pathophysiological process Cholesterol and triglycerides are the main lipid (Harikumar et al., 2013; Nghiem-rao, Mavis and components in the blood circulation (Harikumar et College, 2014). Management of hyperlipidemia al., 2013). Their normal blood circulation levels play requires a comprehensive strategy: pharmacological an essential role in normal physiological processes and non-pharmacological therapy. Pharmacological (Abumrad and Davidson, 2012). Increasing levels of therapy uses anti-lipid drugs, including Simvastatin, these lipid compounds in the circulation are known as a statin group, as the first-line drug. On the other hyperlipidemia (Harikumar et al., 2013). Lifestyle hand, non-pharmacological treatment is often the first changes and high calorie, saturated fat, and choice through a healthy lifestyle by consuming foods cholesterol-rich diet cause this condition (Arsana et and fruits high in antioxidants, phytosterols, low al., 2019). The increase in these compounds in the calorie, and rich fibre (Arsana et al., 2019). The circulation can lead to the formation of free radicals, indigenous systems of medicine have provided a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9791-1200 b https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1694-2054 c https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1126-4939 d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8043-564X e https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-6652 148 Muntafiah, A., Pratama, T., Rachmawati, A., Wulandari, D. and Santosa, Q. Comparison of Purple Passion Juice (Passiflora edulis var. edulis) and Simvastatin on Lipid-lowering Effect of Hyperlipidemic Rats Model. DOI: 10.5220/0010489301480154 In Proceedings of the 1st Jenderal Soedirman International Medical Conference in conjunction with the 5th Annual Scientific Meeting (Temilnas) Consortium of Biomedical Science Indonesia (JIMC 2020), pages 148-154 ISBN: 978-989-758-499-2 Copyright c 2021 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved Comparison of Purple Passion Juice (Passiflora edulis var. edulis) and Simvastatin on Lipid-lowering Effect of Hyperlipidemic Rats Model extensive plant data for the treatment of antihypercholesterolemia potential of purple passion hyperlipidemia. Various studies on local natural fruits juice (Muntafiah, Ernawati, et al., 2017). Through the and plants, among others, have proven their previous research, purple passion juice at a dose of effectiveness in treating it (Harikumar et al., 2013; 4.2 mL/200gBB/day significantly reduced blood Alam and Mishra, 2017). cholesterol levels in experimental animals Indonesia is a country rich in various tropical (Muntafiah, Ernawati, et al., 2017). Continuing the fruits, which are beneficial for health. Although previous research, still focusing on purple passion scientifically not confirmed about its efficacy, the juice, in this study, we wanted to report the practice of using this plant material is widely used as effectiveness of anti-hypercholesterolemia potential a preventive or first treatment (Barbalho et al., 2012; of purple passion juice compared to the standard drug, Maqbool et al., 2019). This is based on the general Simvastatin. belief that using these natural ingredients is free from side effects and is readily available in the surrounding environment (Kaur, Jasvir; Kaur, Satvinder; 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS Mahajan, 2013). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the world's 2.1 Subjects population, especially developing countries, use this plant to get it (Soares et al., 2012; Alam and Mishra, This true experimental study used 32 white male rats 2017). In line with the high public interest in the use (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar, 2-3 months old, and 125- of natural ingredients, the scientific community, 250 gr weight. The animals were obtained from the through their research and publication, has Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental demonstrated the beneficial health effects of Animals at Jenderal Soedirman University, consuming this plant due to its phytotherapeutic Purwokerto. The animals were kept in an properties (Matsui et al., 2010; Barbalho et al., 2012; environment with a temperature of 22 ± 2 ° C, 50% Soares et al., 2012). humidity, and a light-dark cycle for 12 hours Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis var. Edulis (Sambodo et al., 2019). They were acclimatized for Sims) is a tropical fruit that has been successfully seven days, placed in individual cages with the same developed in many countries in the world, including material, shape, and size, received AD II pellet and Indonesia. This native Brazilian plant, easy to aquadest ad libitum. They were divided into four (4) cultivate and grow in our environment but is often not groups: normal control (K1), hypercholesterolemia used because of its sour taste. In fact, behind the taste, control (K2), treatment with purple passion juice 4.2 this tropical fruit is rich in nutritional and mL/200gBB/day (K3), and treatment with phytochemicals components, making this exotic fruit Simvastatin 0.18 mg/200gBB/day (K4). has a beneficial health value. Based on research, purple passion fruit contains fibre, minerals, phenolic 2.2 Hypercholesterolemia Induction and ascorbic acids (Ramaiya et al., 2019). In Indonesia, research and publications regarding the Induction of hypercholesterolemia was carried out health benefits of this fruit are still limited. after the acclimatization period to the K2, K3, and K4 Previous research has studied the potential of groups. We used pork oil six mL/200gBB/day and various parts of the passion fruit plant as a herbal propylthiouracil (PTU) 12.5 mg/day dissolved in 1 medicine source. These studies included the effect of mL of water, divided into two doses, by gavage. the rind on the maintenance of glycemia (Barbalho et Induction was carried out for 14 days (Kusumastuty, al., 2012), mesocarp in reducing 2014; Muntafiah, Ernawati, et al., 2017). hypercholesterolemia (Corrêa et al., 2014; Ostrowski et al., 2015), fruit peel in cases of asthma (Ross et al., 2.3 Purple Passion Juice Preparation 2008), and also leaf extract as antidiabetic (Kanakasabapathi and Gopalakrishnan, 2015). Fresh purple passion juice is obtained from Pulisen, Exploring the potential of passion juice as an Boyolali, Central Java. Purple passion fruit is washed, antihypercholesterolemic agent has also been carried cut into two parts, and the pulp is taken, then squeezed out in previous studies (Damasceno et al., 2011; with a filter cloth to separate the juice from the seeds. Maricelma da Silva Soares de Souza, Sandra Maria Making purple passion juice is done every day to BArbalho, Debora Christina Damasceno, Marilza obtain fresh juice (Muntafiah, Pratama and Ati, Viera Cunha Rudge, Kleber Eduardo de Campos, 2019). 2012). In the previous study, we found the 149 JIMC 2020 - 1’s t Jenderal Soedirman International Medical Conference (JIMC) in conjunction with the Annual Scientific Meeting (Temilnas) Consortium of Biomedical Science Indonesia (KIBI ) 2.4 Blood Sampling post test of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL levels in each group—the One Way Anova test was Blood samples were collected through
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  • The Passion Fruit1

    The Passion Fruit1

    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. HS60 The Passion Fruit1 R.J. Knight, Jr. and Julian W. Sauls2 • Scientific names: Passiflora edulis Sims cm (2 in.) long, weighing 30-45 g (1-1.5 oz.) Fruit of (purple passion fruit); P. edulis f. flavicarpa Deg. the yellow passion fruit is deep yellow and similar in (yellow passion fruit); P. quadrangularis L. shape but slightly longer -- 6 cm (2.5 in.) -- than the (giant granadilla). purple passion fruit. It weighs 60-90 g (2-3 oz.) and averages about 75 g (2.5 oz.) under Florida • • Family: Passifloraceae. conditions. Fruits contain numerous small, black wedge-shaped seeds that are individually surrounded • • Origin: American tropics by deep orange-colored sacs that contain the juice, the • Distribution: Introduced and grown in most edible part of the fruit. The giant granadilla bears tropical and subtropical parts of the world, irregularly rounded or oblong-shaped fruit 10-20 cm passion fruit is particularly important (4-8 in.) long and has a thick, edible rind in addition commercially in Australia, Hawaii, South Africa to black seeds surrounded by juice sacs. It may weigh and Brazil. 225-450 g (8-16 oz.) or more. DESCRIPTION Plant.- Vigorous perennial vine. The purple and Flowers.- Flowers of the purple passion fruit are yellow passion fruit have trilobed leaves 10-18 cm normally smaller, approximately 4.5 cm (1.75 in.) in (4-7 In.) long with finely-toothed margins. The giant diameter, than those of the yellow form, about 6 cm granadilla has rounded-oblong leaves 10-20 cm (4-8 (2.5 in.) in diameter.