Park Slope Historic District Bro Ok Ly N

HISTORIC DISTRICT

DES I GBAT I ON REPORT

1973

City of Nev York John V. Lindsay, idayor

Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs Administration Richard !I. Clurman, Administrator

Landmerks Preservation Commission Harmon H. Goldstone, Chairman Grateful acknowledgment is made to the many individuals in the various City agencies and public and private repositories OF information which include: the Rrooklyn Department of Ruildings, the LonE Island Historical Society, the Local History Division of the New York Public Library and the Avery Arciiitectural Library of Columbia University.

!''ithout the invaluable assistance and enthusiastic encouragement of the many residents of the Park Slope llistoric District, notably Evelyn and Everett !I. Ortner and !'!illiam Lee Younger, all of whom coordinated this neighborhood enterprise, this report could not have been completed in its present forn. The original, smaller district, along Prospect Park I'lest, as first heard in 1966, was photographe[' 1:. part by John B. Bayley, at that time n member of the Commission's staff. Some research was initiated in 1967 by Nancy Steinke, formerly on the staff. Ilowever, the major part of the research was begun in 1370 by volunteers from the District. In addition, some 1800 buildinys were photographed and a preliminary draft of the architectural block by block description was largely completed in 1972. The follow- in.: Park Slope and Brooklyn residents contributed thci-r time and expertise in various arecs. Research was done largely by Charles Frown, Evelyn Ortner and Y!illiam Lee Younger. The major part of the writing, editinq and typing was done by Evelyn Ortner and T'!illiam Lee Younger, aided by Elizabeth and Sidney Delson, Samuel Gallo, Bruce Graham, David Xrsh, Robert Valdheim V.D., Elliot IVillensky, Varjorie p'inkler and John Dixon, who was of special assistance. The photography was larzely done by Everett 11. Ortner. All of this work was carried out under the aegis of the Historic and Cultural Resources Committee of The Park Slope Civic Council. Thanks are zlso due to the invaluable reqiniscences of lriiliam irallace Jr., a long-tine resident of The Slope.

Grants from the New York State Council on the Arts and the Yassachusetts Audubon Society made possible the assistance in 1973, on n short-tern, part-time basis, of the followine pebple: Yancy Goeschel, who edited and checked a revised draft of the District. Ann Bedell and Deborah S. Gardner, who walked a good part of the District with the draft in hand and !,lay I!. Stone, who meticulously edited and checked the final text of the lower tier. James Dillon, Marjorie Pearson and Kareri Grahm 'Jade assisted with the proof reading of stencils, which would never have been completed in time without the special efforts of Sarah Slade and, especially, of Steven '5lliams. Richard G. !!illiams, who is a Summer Intern with the City, assisted in final proofing and editing. He also worked on the preparation of maps used for reference purposes, working with Eric 17eissler of the Urban Corps. Roger Lee, also a member of the iJrban Corps, did the monumental job of running off the stencils. Henry Geller, with the assistance of Cibella Borpes, both of the b!eigh- borhood Youth Corps, collated the re?ort.

Special acknowledgment should be made to the work of two volunteers, Mildred Lynes, who has for years rendered invaluable assistance to the Comqission, and to Nancy Evans, who braved the winter cold to walk the District and also assisted in the proof reading. Staff members who were directly concerned in the preparation of the report, from 1972 on, include: Alan Burnham, Director of Research, and Ellen Irr. Kramer. Deputy Director of Research, who were responsible for the final form and writing of the report, and Daniel Brunetto, who checked and did additional research for the final report, as well as work on the research map. Successive drafts were typed by Vitzi Gevatoff, Anne Gewirtz, Irene Mahnken 2nd Rene Pizzimenti. Vargaret Tuft, Deputy Director of Preservation, supervised the prepsration of the nap for the report. The final production of the report was carried out under the expert direction of John p'. Benson, Office Administrator. Though many individuals have been associated with different phases of this report, final responsibility for the facts and opinions expressed rests with the Commission as a whole. LANDMARKS PRESERVATION COMMISSIOP! July 17, 1973 C~IAIRIIAM--1IARF:OH 11. GOLDSTONE V ICE-CIIA IRMN - -!'TILLIN4 R . F ISHER EDW.RD A. APES ELISABETH CCIIT MORRIS KETCIlvfl, JR. TERENCE P. REMBO!' BARBARALEE D IA'fONPTE IN 1IA'~~lORiJEE. LEE :lARTIPI H. COHEN JXlES J. IECLIN PAUL E. PARIEF., JR. PARK SLOPE HISTORIC DISTRICT BRO OK LY N

PROSPECT PARK

I 1 I

1-Bar1 \ , , 15t11 81 F>d Prospect iu,k Southwest DESIGNATED JULY 1973 PARK SLQPE

I' I S T Q R I C D I S T R I C T

D E S I C; N .2 T IO N R E P 5, R T

Page

Acknowledgments )lap Introduction...... i

Boundaries ...... i

Testimony at the Public Ilearings ...... ii

Historical Introduction...... iii Architectural Introduction...... ix

Documentation ...... xvii

Block by Block Description 1 The Avenues (Sixth Avenue to Prospect Park rrest) 3 Sixth Avenue ...... 3 Seventh Avenue...... 6

Eighth Avenue...... 13

Prospect Park !!lest (:iinth Avenue) ...... 30 The Nmed Streets (8erkeley Place to Union Street) 41 Berkeley Place ...... 41

Carroll Street...... 4.8

Fiske Place ...... 56

Garsield Place...... 58

Lincoln Place ...... 64

Montgomery Place ...... -...... -...... 71 Park Place ...... 77 Plaza Street ...... CO Polhemus Place ...... 81 President Street ...... 82 St . John's Pbdce ...... 35 Sterling P1ac.e ...... 93 Union Street ...... 94 The Elumbered Streets (First to Fourteenth Streets) 99

Statement by the Ccrmission ...... 143 Findings and Desis;r~ations...... 143 Typographical Errata ...... 147

. Landpark s Prcserva: i on Conmi s s ion July 17, 1973, Calendar Elo. 1 LP-0709

PARK SLOPE HISTORIC -DISTRICT, -_- -- -Borough___---- of Brooklyn

1NTllr)')UCTION

The Park Slope Historic-District is a roughly L-shaped area bounded approximately by Prospect Park ''!est on the east side, by Flatbush Avenue on the northeast, Park Place on the north, Sixth Avenue on the west, and by Berkeley Place, Seventh 4venue, Fourth Street, Eighth Avenue, and by Fourteenth Street at its southern end.

COKJDARI ES

The property bounded by the southern property line of 446 throuRh 494 14th Street, the eastern property line of 494 14th Street, 14th Street, rrospect Park "'est, lQth Street, the eastern and northern property lines of 693 10th Street, part of the northern property line of 691 10th Street, the eastern property line of 572 9th Street, 9th Street, Prospect ?ark West, 4th Street, the eastern property lines of 597 4th Street, the eastern property line of 634 3rd Street, 3rd Street, the eastern property line of 631 3rd Street, the southern property lines of 646 and 6/18 2nd Street and of 65 Prospect Park ''lest, Prospect Park Vest, 1st Street, the eastern property line of 567 1st Street, part of the southern and the eastern property lines of 316 Garfield Place, Garfield ?lace, the eastern property line of 323 Garfield Place, part of the southern property line cf 54 rlontgomery Place, the southern property lines of 56 through 60 blontgomery Place and of 32 Prospect Park Yjest, Prospect Park West, ?dontgomery Place, part of the eastern property line of 59 ,lontgomery Place, the socthern property line of 25 "rospect Park Fest, Prospect Park '!lest, part of the northern property line of 13 Prospect Park ?!est, the eastern property line of 946 President Street, President Street, the eastern property line of 953 President Street, the northern property lines of 953 through 947 Presi- dent Street, the northern and part of the western property lines of 945 President Street, the northern property line of 943 President Street, part of the eastern and the northern property lines of 941 President Street, the northern property lines of '0 939 through 933 President Street, the eastern property line of 902 Union Street, Union Street, the eastern property lines of 71 throueh 63 8th Avenue, the southern property lines of 264 through 276 Serkeley Place, the eastern property line of 276 Berkeley Place; Berkeley Place, the eastern property lines of 49 through 27 8th Avenue, Lincoln Place, Plaz3 Street, the northern property line of 5 Plaza Street, 8th Avenue, St. Johns Place, the eastern property line of 217 St. Johns Place, the northern property lines of 217 through 179 St. Johns Place, part of the northern property line of 31-35 7th \venue, the eastern property line of 29 7th Avenue, the eastern property line of 146 Sterling Place, Sterling Place, the eastern property lines of 19 through 13 7th Avenue, the northern property line of 13 7th Avenue, 7th Avenue, Park Place, the eastern property line of 133 Park Place, the northern property lines of 133 t!irough 95 Park Place, the western property line of 95 Park Place, Park Place, the western and part of the northern property lines of the stable (90 Park Place), the southern property line of the stable (90 Park Place), part of the western property line of 92 Park Place, the southern property lines of 92 through 144 Park Place, the western property llnes of 18 through 24 7th Avenue, Sterling Place, the western property line of 130 Sterline Place, the western property line of 34 7th Avenue, part of the northern property line of 139 St. Johns Place, the northern property lines of 137 throuzh 93 St. Johns Place, the eastern property lines of 143 through 135 6th Avenue, Sterling Place, the western property lines of 128 through 146 6th Avenue, St. Johns Place, the western property lines of 143 through 168 6th Avenue, Lincoln Place, 6th Avenue, Berkeley Place, the western property lines of 188 through 192-A 6th Avenue, the southern property line of 192-A 6th Avenue, 6th Avenue, the southern property line of 199 6th Avenue, part of the western and the southern property lines of 100 Berkeley Place, the southern property lines of 102 through 156 Berkeley Place, part of the southern property line of 158 Berkeley Place, the southern property line of 86 7th Avenue, 7th Avenue, the southern property line of 87 7th Avenue, the western property line of 865 Union Street, 1Jnion Street, the western and part of the southern property lines of 820 Union Street, the western property line of 833 President Street, President Street, the western property line of 828 President Street, the western property line of 749 Carroll Street, Carroll Street, the western property line of

i __---PARK SLOPE !iISTWIC--_----- DISTFIICT. Borou5h of Rrooklyn

776 Carroll Street, the western property lines of 8 through 22 folhemus Place, part of the northern and the western property lines of 24 Polhemus Place, the western property line of 219 Garfield Place, Garfield Place, the western and part of the southern property lines of 214 Garfield Place, the western property line of 465 1st Street, 1st Street, the western property line of 460 1st Street, part of the northern and the western property lines of 507 2nd Street, 2nd Street, the western property line of 51614-516 2nd Street, the western property line of 509 3rd Street, 3rd Street, the western property line of 516 3rd Street, the western property line of 465 4th Street, 4th Street, the western property line of 486 4th Street, the southern pro7erty lilies of 486 through 504 4th Street, the eastern property line Of 504 4th Street, 4th Street, the eastern and part of the northern property lines of 513 4th Street, the errstern property line of 562 3rd Street, 3rd Street, 8th Avenue, the southern property line of 225-227 8th Avenue, the western property line of 581 3rd Street, 3rd Street, the western property line of 592 3rd Street, the northern and western property lines of 539 4th Street, 4th Street, the western property line of 523 4th Street, the western property line of 557 5th Street, 5th Street, 8th Avenue, 6th Street, the western property line of 590 6th Street, part of the northern property line of 571 7th Street, the northern property lines of 569 through 553 Seventh Street, the western property line of 553 7th Street, 7th Street, the western property line of 550 7th Street, the western proTerty line of 511 8th Street, 8th Street, the western property line of 502 8th Street, the western property line of 519 9th Street, 9th Street, the western property line of 526 9th Street, part of the western property line of 643 10th Street, the northern property lines of 641 through 631-633 10th Street, 8th Avenue, 10th Street, the western and part of the southern property lines of 642 10th Street, the western pronerty lir,e of 583 11th Street, 11th Street, the western property line of 584 llth Street, part of the northern property line of 479 12th Street, the northern property line of 1113 8th Avenue, 8th Avenue, 14th Street, the western property line of 446 14th Street.

'TE!TIHWY- --- AT THE PUBLIC HEARINGS

On June 23, 1970 the Landmarks ?reservation Comnission held a public hearing on this area which is now proposed as an f!istoric District (Item Flo. 56). The hearing had been duly advertised in accordance with the provisions of law. Seven persons spoke in favor of the proposed designation and two individuals opposed it. The witnesses favoring designation clearly indicated that there is great support for this Historic District from the property owners and residents of the liistoric District.

On Flay 26, 1970 (Item No. 29) eleven persons had testified in favor of a slightly smaller Park Slope Historic District: the District was reheard in June to permit the addition of the buildings on Park Place between Sixth and Seventh Avenues.

On Nov. 22, 1966 (Item No. G), the Landmarks Preservation Commission had held a public hearing on a proposed k!istoric District in the Park Slope neighborhood. The Commission was not able to act upon all the proposed Historic Districts heard during its first series of public hearings in 1965 and 1966, and so several neighborhoods includinp, the subject of this report, were heard in 1970, involving areas where there continues to be great interest in preserving the fine buildings of the community.

ii ?S-HD

Until the 1860s, the site cf Prospect Park and the area to the west, no" the Park Slope Historic District, remained essentially rural in character, as is clearly shown by the large farm holdings on the M. Dripps Toposraphical hap Of the Citv of Brooklyn of 1855 and by a bucolic photograph of Battle Pass taken as late as 1865. The Dripps Map, made from aclual surveys and original maps, Shows the boundaries of those farms which originally comprised the Park Slope Historic District; they are also clearly indicated on later atlases, such as the Robinson Atlas of the City of Brooklvn of 1886. The Cortelyous. of kuyuenot extraction -- from whom Edwin Clark Litchfield fJoughT his property in 1852 -- were only one of several early families which had holdings in the area. Charles Hoyt, a prominent Brooklyn businesswan after whom Hoyt Street is nsmed, owned property within the District, extending from a point midway befween Lincoln Place and S?. John's Place to Grand Army Plaza. Thomas Poole's farm, JUS? south of the Hoyf land, fanned out from its western end, just north of Lincoln Place and South of Berkeley, -io reach Flatbush Avenue at Grand Army Plaza ard President StreeT at Prospect Park West. Within the District, the south side of Union Street Markeo the beginning of the property owned originally by tne Polhemus family. Johannes Thecdorus Polhemus, for whcm Polhenius Place is named, was the ninister of the first church in Kings County: the Dutch Reformed Church of Flatbush, built in 1654 under the auspices of Governor Stuyvesant, on the site of the present church. The north side of First Street, the location of the old Port Road -- along which the American troops retreated during the Bsttle of Long Island -- was the soufhern boundary of the Polhemus land. Adrian ana Jacques Cortelyou owned the land which lies between the south side of First Street and the north side of Fifth Street. South of this, the land within the confines of the District was divided into six smaller parcels of land owned Oy Theodorus Polhemus; Thomas G. Talmage; Rem Adriance; hdriance van arunt; Henry L. Clark; and Richard Berry, whose property comprised the southern boundary of the Distric-i-.

Beginning in the late 18505, the success of Central Park, in New York, planned by Olwsted b Vaux, spurred interest among prorninent citizerls of Brooklyn for a similar facility for their city, which until I898 remained a separate entity frcm New York. By 1855, Brooklyn, with over 200,000 inhabitants, was the third largest city in the United States. On Aprii 18, 1859, a commission was established by the New York State Legislature to study the feasibility of creating more public parks, the larsest and most important one being "lvloun3. Prospect Park." An Act of the Legislature on April 17, 1860 included, among its provisions, fdnds for laying out the proposed park which cas to encompass 350 acres. Egbert L. Viele, fhe engineer charged originally with the development of Central Park, was appointed Chief Engineer by the Commissioners. He envisaged the park as a "rural resort, where people of all classes, escaping from the turmoil of the city, might find relief for the mind, arld physical recreation." The outbreak of the Civil War paralyzed implementation of Viele's 1861 "Plan for the Improvement of Prospect Park.'' Successive Acts of the Legislature from 1865 on provided funds for the acquisition of additional land, a revision of the original boundaries and its enlargement to 562 acres -- the result of the replacement of Viele by the firm of Olmsted Vaux d Company, Landscape Architects.

On May 29, 1866, Frederick Law Olmsted ( 1822-19031 and Calvert taux ( 1824- 1895) were officially appointed Landscape Architects of Prospect Park by an Act of the State Legislature. Their "Design for Prospect Park" of 1866-67 differed not only in size but in conception from Viele's plan of 1861. In the Viele pian, the park was to be carried north and east of Flatbush Avenue and only as far south as Ninth Street, with a jog, frcm Ninth Avenue (the present Prospect Park West) to Tenth Avenue, between Thiro and Ninth Streets, into what is now parkland, it was not only smaller but -- far more important -- was bisected by Flatbush Avenue. James 5. T. Stranahan, President of the Park Commission, and some of the Commissioners were dissatisfied with the Viele plan and, as a consequence, Vaux had been called upon to survey the park grounds, early in January 1865 in the company of Stranahan. He recommended that the eastern section of the land, included in the Viele plan, be sold and the proceeds used to acquire more land to the west, between Ninth and Tenth Avenues. As a result of his recommendaticrs.. later concurred in by Olmsted who at the time was in California, the boundaries of Prospect Park were radically altered and redfined. Prospect Hill, near the intersection of Flatbush Avenue and the present Eastern Parkway, which had given its name to the park, was now outside its boundaries. The Glmsted-Vaux design of the following year made possible the grandiose sweep of parkland we This report has been written to describe an area of the City that deserves to be better knoim and has be

~i~~oricalDocmientatLon. The documentation cf the buildings has been based on primary sources, mainly official records of the City of Xeir York and Of KinEs County. These have been supplemented by mans, directories, biographical sources, n~wspapers, and pub15 shed histories of Brooklyn and Kings Coucty , of Certain buildings and of the olann-ng and develonment of Prospect Park. For these we have dram on the collections of such institutions as the Long Island IIistorical Society and the Few York hiblic Library. Of prixary assistance in establishing the historical documentation of buildings were:

A. Tax Assessment Records for this ward, recorded under 210. 22 (Real Property Assessment Denartment , Brooklyn Xunicir.al Building, sub-basement).

3. Few Building and P.lteration Plans, startins in 1873' (Department of Buildings, Borough of arooklyn, Brookl.yn tlunicipal Building, 7th floor).

C. Conveyances (City Register, Kings County Clerk's office, 2nd floor), Block Abstracts and cld maps (Long Island I!istorical Society).

D. Commercial !naps such as M. Dripps Map of 1855 and 1869, J.B. Beers Farm Line :kps of the City of Brooklyn, 1874, Robinson's Atlas of the City of Brooklyn, 1886; E. Belcher Hyde Atlas or the Borough of Brooklyn, 1912: Panborn Maps Of 1926, updated.

E. Directories of Brooklyn and Iiev York City (available at the New York Pubiic Libary ar?3 the hag Island Liistoricai Society).

F. Recent publications:

Elizabeth Barlow md William Alex, Frederick Law Olmsted's ??ew York

(New York: Braziller ~ 1972)

Albert Fein, merick Law Olmsted and the American Environmental padition (New York: Braziller, 1972)

Clay Lancaster, Prospect Park Hendbook (We:, Yorb. Rawls , 1967)

David McCullough, The Great Brids (?:err York: Simon & Schuster, 1972)

lrlilliam Lee Younger, 6 articles in The Gaslight Gazette_, 1971-72.

Intensive staff work 011 the Park Slope-Historic District began in 1972 and vas conpfeted in 1973. The documentation is now recorded in ten volumes with photogra*s and e file containing research notes.

Azrangement-. The nzin text o? this report consists of e block-by-block description. For ease of reference, avenzes are arranged in numerical order, named streets in alphabeticcl sequence and nunbererl streets in numerical order. Eech street and avenue is considered one block at a time- running from the lowest Lo the hiehest house numbers. Within each block, each side of a street or avenue is discnsscd separately. first. south, then north, or east and vest, as the case may be. Houses which are krlown by a single number but which occupy more than one lot may show the full ranee of nmnbers within parentheses or brackets. Corner buildings vhich are kmnm by composite nunbers are generally indicated by the nmber closest to the corner. Corner houses -e cross-referenced under both the street and +.he avcniie on which they face.

xvi i PS-I‘D

Events within the last ten years give hoFe that these houses will be preserved far into the future as 2 major urbnn nsset. But the real cause for alarrl todzy is the ‘,modernizntion‘ of houses by the application OF spurious veneers. The accpsionnl addition of a roof parnpet hns nlmost iwariably resulted in the loss oc fine cornice. Stoops have sometines been removed to provide ?msement entrances. All these changes and ’ isprovements create jarrin? notes in otherwise hnrmonious row of houses. These renovations, intenr’ed to increase property Values hive nn exxtly opposite effect in ilistoric nistricts. The thin? that ZttrxtS manv buyers t3 these neiqhborhoods is the homoqeneous inteprity of their oriulnnl architecture. Ill-conceived improvements alnlost always rcsult in an erosion Of its quplity.

Desiznntion of the Park Slope !iistoric District will strengthen the communitv by preventin: this neediess loss throuzh the review of future aiterations and construction. DeSipnatiOn is 3 major step towards insurin: protection and enhancement 06 the owlity and character of an entire neiqhborhood.

Like a nunber of other 19th century cormunities in the City, Pzrk Slcpe hps attractecl ? wave of renovators who have not only restored hwuireds of old ho!ises to their former splendor but, by their presence, create R st2ble fneiily community that should insure both the physicnl nnd social character of the neiehborhood.

***

-xv- PS-ID

in ccrtnin details which bcgan to appear in late Romanesque Revival work, as, for example. in two djstinRiiished residences on Lincoln Place and Rerkeley Place by the New York firm of Lnnb fi Rich, which heralded the new Classicism. The lvorld's Colmhian Exposition cif 139.3 in Chicyo awakened hericans, notably architects, to the nrendeur of the architecture and plmniny of the ancient world and of the Renaissance; which resulted in B return to classicism and in the City Seauti€ul. movement. The Agc of Lclectism was born. The whole spirit of the tines, the Ec- lcctic approach to nrchitccture, was one of borrowing frov any r?nd all styles. This was achieved by the wide di:rtribution of architectural books and periodicals, study at architectural schools in the United States and at the Beaux Arts in Pnris and. still latcr, at the A~nericenAcademy in Rome. Banks, railroad stations and commercin; buildings suddenly appeared, adorned with all the typical classic?.? features.

This influcnce made itself felt in the nineties in Park Slope and qathercd nomentum in the first decpdo of the 20th century. In thc preat houses idiich Segm to line the upper part of E:.ghth Avenue and Prospect Park Ikst, the pervndinf: neo- Tenaissance and neo-Classical spirit achieved a splendor worthy of tlanhattan's Fifth Avenue. Among the most notable are several by Montrose 1;. "orris on Eighth Avenue and on Prospect Park West and the Tracy iesidence by Frnnk J. Helmlc. Temple Beth Elohim on Eiclitli Avenue is a monumental exainple of the neo-Classicism. In the individual and row houses of the enst-west streets, the Renaissance and classical influences are evident in the predominance of limestone @rlipht-colored brick and in the replacement of high stoops by the English basement type entrance, at or near street level. In row houses, the popularity of the masonry bay, now Sently curved or three-sided and echoed at the roof cornice line, gave an undu- latiny! rhythm to the streetscape. ilost of the ornament was concentrated at the doorways, window enframements and in carved panels. Sheetnetel roof cornices, carried on console brackets, were embellished with friezes dis?layinE floral swags and wreaths. Porches were !:iven distinction by Ionic, Composite or Corinthian columns, pilasters and othei. classical or Renaissance details. Some of the im- portmt architects who availed themselves of the neo-Renaissance and neo-Classical trnditions were: Eisenla 6 Carlson. l'511ian Debus; Magnus Dahlander. Peter Delaney: Axel S. Hedman; Arthur Koch, the Parfitt Bros.; Henry Pohlmcin- Thoinlis Bennett; and ''51lim Flanagan, who was still hard at work.. .

The architects and builders of the numbered streets toward the southern enc? of the Historic District: adapted the classical formula with avidity and lono, rows of small two-and three-story, neo-Classical an6 neo-Renaissance houses appeared there, usually retainine the full-heieht bRys which had originated with the much earlier neo-Grec style. The low, four-story apartment houses OF the turn-of-the- century and its first decadi? were conceived on a scale which was completelv in harnony with the General bwlding heights in the District. Among the prcminent ~rci- 7 ci,? ' '~v:.lo;~r- in the lower tier were Thomas Brown, Th0mP.s Denneic, 4lexmUer G. Calder and his son, !;ill:tm Musgrave (:alder. The younzer Calder started his career as i? carpenter's apprentice and eventually became Conmissioner of Buildings for the Borough of Brooklyn (1902-03). Hew York Ctnte Representative to Congress (1905-15) ar,d U. S. Senator (1917-23). Re lived in the District on First Street.

h. number of residences, row houses and apertment houses in the entire District show the influence of the Ecole de Beaux Arts, Farticularly in the free interpretation of early French Renaissance and the later classic traditions. a handsome town house by J. Gitrfield Kennedy on Second Street near the pork- tno houses on Eighth Avenue by architect Peter Collins which have a truly Pnrisian elegance; and some fine apartment houases of the early 20th century, not?-bly one by :lontrose 1'. rlorris on Eighth Avenue, corner of Flontgomery Place. bnention should be made or the Childs mansion on Prospect Park '"est.(now the Meeting t!ouse of The Ethical Culture Society), designed by I"i1lim B. Tubby, an early and extremely fine exrmple of neo-Jacobean style--yet :mother manifestation of the Eclectic approach.

Wco-Gcornian Nco-Federal -. - ___-- --and - -__._

Another exnrcssion of this return to classicism was the renewed interest in our own architecturel heritage, already manifested in the Colonial Tevival of the late 1880s and nineties. After tlie turn- of-the-century, 2 brick architecture recalling aeo -Geor&ian and neo-Federal prcccdeiits was introduced. This was evident in both reside.ices and apartment hoiiscs in tlie District. 4 particularly fine neo- Federal town house on '!ontFsmery Place, with brickwork laid up in Flemish bod, was designed by tk- liew York fin of '1owbra.y 4 !iffinger: the introductioii of certain neo-Georgian decorative motifs !]ere is typical of the architectural freedon of the architects of the period. A notable example of neo-Georgian, desirned by Daus 6 ”tto, is the building now occupied by the Unity Club on Ei~~hthAvenue. Coth row houses and apartment houses desip;ned in these styles, are scattered throughout the District. In the effort to conform to the prevailin? trnditions on The Slone, B number of eaily 20th century apartment houses were designed to give the apvearance of individually owned town houses, such RS 7 row by l‘hlliam Oebus on FiCth Street. The neo-Federal style was pooulcr with architects and their clients for jecades, as illustrated by 3 handsome residence on Cerroll Street, designed in 1922 by the noted ilanhattan architect ‘lott B. Schmidt, and as late as 1937, in an apartment house on Lincoln Place. --toden

One of the most interesting buildings of a later perioc’ in the District is the Temple House, reflectin: the influepcc of the ‘Art Deco style of the late 1920s -- a foil for the austere neo-Classical grnndeur of Temple Beth Elohim, erected two decades earlier. Thev are both on oDposite corners of Garfield Place and Eiqhth Avenue. * scvcn-story rwrt-cnt IIWSC, ‘ uilt in 1’2; -.- 1 ‘-.si -,icd by rl-e G Srvson, wI\ich ocrmit s Tart nc t’ sitc c,f tiic i 7 TI ‘Icc:’t *>xllcIlr.nnsion, is n:.-TuCl+r in stvlc end built of red brick with precast stone trim. Slee 4 Eryson followed the example set in 1910 by Tlann & “~ncNeillein their handsme lonq row of apartment houses on the south side of Third Street, near the pnrk. This style was also used for smaller residences, notably a pair at the northernmost boundary of the District on Prospect !‘ark Yest, with an arched entranceway ledin: to garanes 2.t the rear -- testimony to the ,nrowiny ir?portance and populnrity of the automibile in the early 1920s. The taller apartment hcuses of later decades, desiped in a variety of Styles, reflected the changinc taste and nodes of living.

Jt is obvious from this stylistic developlnent that the Park Slope Historic District was developed largely by local and neighborhood buiiders md architects, with a fair representation of well-knorm ‘lanhattan architects.

LATER C EVELn P’WTS

“or!d I’Jar I was the hizh point in the developpent of Park Slope over five decades or nore. It 2.1~0 marked the beginning of the Autonobile A:;e. which spawned huqe suburbs that could compete successfully with the city for residential populations. It marked a time of special vulnerability for brownstones--riddle- aged, but not 014 enough to hare acquired an aura of the nrrst. The era brouzht an end to the abundant supply of servants necessary to staff them. Eut, above all, brownstones were becominl! unfashionable and, after “‘orld I’m 11, a major exodus to the suburbs began.

In the 1920s builders Pppezred on the scene and bepan to raze sone of t?ie oreat, $reestanding mnsions, replacinn thev with apprtment houses. hong the First to go, in 1923, WRS the Vaxvell mansion on the southwest corner of Union Street and Eiyhth Avenue although its carriaTe house still stands on Union Street. “ther mansions along the west side of rizhth Avenue that have given way to apartment houses were those 04 the Luckenb-ich. fhan and the Feltman fnmiIies. This stretch of tall Pnartment houses nlon? Eiqhth ,?venue represents the only major incursion slonn this avenue in recent decades. Prospect Park ‘’lest, once known ns thc the “Gold Const 9‘ 113s also lost several notable mansions to qnrtnent houses. Althou,$ the 1ar:e houses have disappeared alony Plaza Street, 7.n extension of the Gold Const, the maznificent Venetian Gothic Ilontauk Club and a short row of limestone-fronted houses, between Lincoln Place and Flatbush Avenue, remain to eive some idea of the former magnificence of this street.

Fortunately, the basic quality of Pmk Slope has been largely unlisturbed. =treet after street presents vistas unchanged since the turn-of-the-century. qespite social an6 technological changes, the Historic District has thus Car larzely avoided the rapid pace of rebuilding and alteration so tyoical of much of the City. “Inny of the fine old houses have been preserved with little change. The fact that tRe present tall npartnent houses have, by and large, not destroyed the character of the District is responsible for the charning, low-lying quality and human scale of this neighborhood. PS-w)

---%o-?rec

This style also cane to us via France and was first used here by some of th:: el architects who studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Introduced to the District by the Parfitt Brothers in the 1870s, it became extremely popular with the sneculative builders of brownstone row houses who found the stylized incised ornament cheaper to reproduce than the rich foliate forms of the Italianate and French Second Empire. As a result, the style lingered on into the late 3860s and even into the ninetie!; in the Park Slope area. The Greek influence is seen in the curvilinear incised ornament -- a far cry from the original forms. however, the pedimented door and window lintels with "ears", or acroteria, were greatly simplified versions of the originals, as were the three parallel grooves used on brackets (reminiscent of triglyphs) and on pilasters. In design this style was typified by a Lold angularity, whether in the use of three-sized, full-height bays, echoed in the animated roof cornices that crowned them, ?r in the striking, massive newel posts at thc hil:h straight stoops. It was a case w%er-. a foreign style found such favor with us that it was actually duplicated on the side streets of New York in far greater proportion than on the boulevards of Paris. kmong the Park Slope and neighborhood builder-detelopers and architects whose work best exemplifies the style are John Gordon, working with architects Robert Dixon and 'I.J. Morrill. John :ionas and Thomas Fagan, also associated with Dixon. 'jilliam Gubbins, who worked with architect Charles Verner- the Drolific John Vagilligan. J. Doherty 6 Sons: and '511iam Flanagan, whose long career on The Slope, from 1867 to 1906, illustrates the rise of a humble Irish imnigrant from carpenter's epprentice to the vice- presidency of the Speculati./e 3uilders Association of Brooklyn.

.-!'ict?rirp ---- Gothic

The most representative exanples of this picturesque, generally poiychro- matic style, which was very much influenced by British prototypes, are four churches in the District. !;t. John's (P.E.) Church, begun in 1869, and its rectory are chaming examples. Built of rough-faced, random ashlar sardstone, they have pointed-arch windows md doors. The arches are, quite c'wr?c*eristically, composed of varicolored stones. The Sixth Avenue Baptist Church (lXO), designed by the Vew York architect Lawrence E. Val!: is another example of the style. Grace (M.E.) Church (1032) on Seventh Avenue, desived by the English-born Brooklyn architects, Parfitt Bros., best illustrates the mature Victorian Gothic style. '5th its tall corner tower and picturesqutt profile, it is a landmark on The Slope (together with St. Augustine's Church which is outside the Historic Dist~ict),also by the sane architectural firm. A late phase of Victorian Gothic is represented by Pugin 6 Ifalter's Flemorial Presbyterian Church, on Seventh Avenue, begun in 1882.

Romanesque- Revival

The Romanesque Revival house wi?s primarily a masonr:r structure. Its fortress- like character was lzrrgely the result of the use of rough-faced stone and its picturesque composition. It was introduced to this country in the 1870s by Henry Hobson Richardson, who had studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts where the regener- zted medievalism of Viollet-le-Duc was just as important as classicism. For wide spans, such as main entrances, a low broad arch was characteristic, as were round- arched window hezds. Dwarf columns, used sinqly or in clusters, usually supported the gre$ arches. Occasionslly bands of windows, separated by stone piers, had continuous lintels above, and transon bars were used in thz upper section of the windows. Horizontal bandcourses of smooth stone often relieved the expanse of rough-faced walls of random stonework. Elaborate foliate carvings were used expressively as capitals and impost blocks, to terminate and otLerwise define Ea- bles and to ornament the wing-walls of th. characteristic, -assive, L-shaped or curved stoops. Although the nco-classicism of the Chicago Fair generally superceded all the romantic styles, including the %een Anne, the Romanesque Revival was a hardy survivor which lasted to the turn-of-the-century on The Slope. In its later phase, it became nore refined and sophisticated, with smooth walls of Roman brick, set off by limestone or terra cotta bandcourses, window enframements and ornamental trim. Colors changed from sonbre earth tones tn li-pt hues, such as

-xi- ochre, huff, orange and gray. There are a remasknbte nuntbcr oc arc!utect-~esl~ned residences in this style on The Slope -- SO ourstanding in quality that they may be considered a si'pificant contribution to our national architectural heritage.

The most distinguished exanple in the District of this ruzged and highiy expressive style is the Hulbert mansion (now the Ethical Culture School), designed by the younz '1ontrose !. ]orris at the Outset of his career. The essence of the later phase of the Romanesque Pevival is exemplified by C.P.11. Gilbert's Adams residence, at the corner of Eighth Avenue and Carroll Street, and in the extraordinary array of houses he designed on MontRomery Place, developed entirely by tiarvey hlurdock. Wher architects who used the Romanesnue Revival style with great success in the District were. Henry 0. Avery: the Farfitt Bros. Laurence E. Val'-, Charles ''Jerner Frederick 13. Langston, George P. Chappel1 and PIagnus Oahlantler, all of whom also worked in the Stuyvesant Heichts liistoric District pt about the sme time. Among the bullder-developers who worked in the Romanesque Revival style here ',lilliam Gubbins, John llagilliqan, Peter Collins, :,fartin & Lee and Fred Griswald -- to name only a few. It is interestinR to note that these builders oqten retained elements of a precediny style -- the neo-Grec in this case-- and combined then with the currently popular style. Indeed, for every recozniza- Lie style, :here are transitional buildings which bridged the gaps between Styles, borrowing R littie fron both the preceding and the new. This remained true 0' the architectural development of the District through I!orld 'Jar I.

Queen___ 4nne or Free Classic'~-

This picturesque style, which relied on nsyltiiiictry and the combination of z v3riety of materials, textures and colors to achieve its effect was a ?reat novelty when it first appeared in this country. It was derived from slightly earlier British examples'typified by architects such as R. ',!or?an Shan, who wished to return to an honest, expressive use of materials based on an eailier phase of brick architecture from the 13th century Queen Anne period. The end product xas quite different from the architecture of the good Queen, combinino elements of the Flemish Renaissence, classic traditions and, in America, Colonial Revival features. Rlthouoh it was not as widely used in the Park Slope area as the contemporaneous late Romanesque Yevival, some of the finest exanlples in the five boroughs exist in the District. It was a predominantly brick architecture. embellished with stone and terra cotta. Rlthoueh the ornament was strongly influenced by classical traditions, swags, urns, etc., its favorite motif was the sunfloijer. Green coyper brrys, and oriels, shingled red roofs with gables, dorqers and chimneys lend a whimsical cozy quality to the houses in this style. Since it co-existed with the Pomanesque Revival, the arched entranceway was often a prominent and inviting feature. The windows ha2, typically, double-hung sash with many small square panes in the upper half and clear plate glass in the lower. The Colonial tradition of wrought iron reappeared for the first time since early in the century, al- thoun,h it was twisted and latticed in ways unknown to the early period. Painted or natural wood doors, varnished or oiled, often with snall panels, displayed a wealth of wroupht iron hardware including strap hinyns. Althourh this style was occasionally used for public buildings, it was in the residential field that it achieved its greatest popularity, as is well illustra'ed by 3 nmber of charminy individual and row houses on The Slope, notably by Villim 8. Tubby, R. L. D~us, Laurence B. Valk and Charles Ilerner. In comnon with the other styles in the Dis- trict, the ween Anne or Free Classic was often used in conbination with the 'bxmesque Revival.

FCLECTLCISY --- Neo-Renaissance,- Neo-Classicism,- French __-Beaux -Arts, etc.

The 1980s had been the heyday of romanticism and the picturesque, with the Rorwnesque Revival nnrl Queen Annc styles predominating. The Montauk Club, desirned in 1889 by Francis E. Kimball, 3 prominent New York architect, is the culmination of the cvocative ronanticism of the decade. Combining Ven2tian Gothic architectural trnditi0r.s with American Indian decorative themes, it is the architectural treasure of The Slope.

Among the knovledgc'?blc architccts a new fcrmmt irns in the nir--a grndunl reawakening interest in n correct clnssicisln. This was already cvidcnt PS-ID

An Historic Districx should be possessed of such a distinctive quality that, on entering it from any side, one should at once become aware of a distinct, separate neighborhood. Park Slope is just such an area. The overall character and development of the District was determined by its prime location adjacent to Prospect Park. The Slope is almost exclusively residential, with minimal inroads by commerce. Its plieasant tree-lined Streets and wide avenues, with houses of relatively uniform hei!:ht, punctuated by church spires, provide a living illustration of the 19th century characterization of Brooklyn as ''a city of homes and churches." Park Slope retains an aura of the past to an extent which is remarkable in New York. \'!hi le there are an unusual number of fine townhouses and other buildings of extraordinary interest, as well as a few imposing free-standing mansions--survivors of a g.reater number which once stood on Eiglrth Avenue and a- long Prospect Park West--it is the long blockfronts of two-and three-story tow houses, set behind deep front yards, which gives the District its unusuall~harmonious character. It is the architectural coherence of these rows and the ex- ceptional quality of the individual townhouses and other structures, which makes such an extraordinary impact upon the passerby.

Some of the basic features which contribute to the interest of the blockfronts are the variations in the depths of the frmt yards, the variety of stone or cast iron railinxs which enclose them, and- most especially-- the general physiognomy of the buildings, whether sedately flush-fronted or given animation by bays, oriels, turrets, towers, gables or dormer windows.

The row house, as promulgated by the Park Elope developers, is most interesting as an instance of unconscious tom planning, particularly where it fills an entire block with high end houses, as often on the avenues, or, on the longer blocks of the east-west streets, where rows of from four to twenty-six houses lend interest and variety through their individual architectural characteristics. Even within the rows, variety is often intentionally achieved through the alternation of curved with three-sided bays, or through the use of houses of different materials or combinations thereof. The wealth of architectural detail found in this Historic District also plays an important part in enhancing the overzll picture and was used effectively to achieve a distinctive character or variety within a TOW.

In considering the individual townhouse the question of quality is Of foremost importance as it relates to form, materials and architectural details, as each house must stand on its own merits. Although quality is hard to define, it is much in evidence within the Historic District due to the thought and care expended on the design of :IO many of these houses by their builders and architects. In sone, the designers have created striking or unusual effects, but what is most notable here is the renarkable coherence and distinction of the blockfronts where individual houses, rows and low apartment houses have been so freely combined. The architectural styles which found expression in the Mistoric District are generally representative of those which swept the country between the Civil Var and y'forld ''Tar I. These styles included a late version of the Italianate, the French Second Empire, the neo-Grec, the Romanesque Revival and the picturesque $een Anne, or "Free C1assi.c" stvle which co-existed with the late Romanesque Revival. After the Ilorldls Columbian Exposition of 1893 at Chicago, a new eclecticism swept the country opening up to the architect the classical styles, ranging from the most academically correct Greek and Roman precedents to the widest range of Renaissance styles and their very free interpretation propounded contemp- oraneously by the French Ec.ole des Eeaux Arts. Among the architects, indications of this new Classicism were evident even before 1393, usually used in conjunction with the more romantic styles creating houses which, in their designs. may be considered transitional. In style the early houses at the north end of the Historic District were late Italianate or French Second Empire. The neo-Grec style generally superceded the Second Empire due to the greater ease with which its ornament could be cut by machine, with resultant decrease in cost. It was extremely popular with the builder-developers of row houses. It is interesting to note that there was a time lag of as much as a decade, during which this style continued to be used by the

-ix- PS-HD conservative builders in Park Slope long after the architects and Manhattan builders had ceased to employ it.

The materials used in the construction of the houses were closely related to the various architectural styles. The basic construction of these masonry houses was brick, with a representative variety of masonry veneers. The earliest Italianate houses had face brick veneers, the French Second mire, neo-Grec and Romanesque Revival generally favored brownstone, the Queen Anne face brick with narrow joints and colored mortars, decorative terra cotta and an array of Slate shingles, while the Romanesque Revival, in its late phase, introduced the warm- colored elongated, Roman brick combined with a wealth of carved and rough-faced stonework. The neo-Renaissance and neo-Classical styles generally favored the use Of limestone or light shades of brick with limestone trim. The later neo- Georgian and neo-Federal returned to the use of red brick as a veneer material, with pre-cast limestone trim. Roof cornices with brackets were generally of wood in the Italianate and French Second Empire houses and in the later styles were constructed of sheetmetal. The use of cast iron for handrailings and newel posts at stoops, and for yard railings, was general throughout the area until wrought iron was reintroduced with the Queen Anne and Romanesque Revival, a material which was also espoused by the architects of the new Classicism which followed them.

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES REPRESENTED IN THE DISTRICT

Ita1 ianat e

This was the style of the earliest Park Slope row houses which persisted into the mid-l870s, or about a decade beyond the time when it had generally ceased to be an influence. It was characterized by flush-fronted houses of brick in the earliest houses, later superceded by brownstone. Round-arched doorways entered through double doors, generally had low-arched pediments or full entablatures above them, carried on foliate console brackets. Segmental arches were often used over windows and round or segmental arches over basement windows. Windowsills were.usually supported on small corbel blocks, one at each end. The brownstone basements and stoop sidewalls were usually rusticated and the cast iron stoop handrailings and yard railings were ?+#ally balustered. Roof cornices were carried on foliate brackets, widely spaced, and often arched to relate to the windows below them, with panels in tl~ofascias between them. The earliest houses in the District, Nos. 8-16 Seventh Avenue, erected in 1860 by the builder-developer Charles S. Scribner, were Italianate in style, as were row houses by his brother James H. Scribner, Robert S. Bussing, John Magilligan and George I'hite.

French Second Erpire

This style came into prominence here in the north with the post Civil War prosperity. Although it appeared only briefly in Park Slope, its typical feature was the slate mansard roof with iron crestings. Other distinguishing characteristics were the formality evidenced by the enframement sf windows by moldings, often crowned by imposing cornices, and in the enrichment of the double front doors by the addition*of horizontal panels at knob height and kickplates at the bottom. The arched doorway, however, was often almost indistinguishable from its Italianate predecessor and was crowned by a low arched or triangular pediment. The windows, by this time, were generally of plate glass for both the upper and lower sash, while the only differznce in the balustered handrailings of the stoop were the more massive newel posts. The most notable example of the French Second Empire style on The Slope is the blockfront on the sast side of Seventh Avenue, between St. John's Place and Lincoln ?lace, developed by the speculative builders Philip I. Cootey and Robert S. Bussing in 1371-72. Li'x ccriher. '- .iIli.-m am' 'tl..itc. cntionec! above, Cootey and Sussing were neighborhood builders.

-X- PS-HD mansion, located jlJst within the western confines of Prospect Park between Fourth and Fifth Streets, is a reminder of the semi-rural atmosphere of the area in the mid-I8;0s, before the park was laid out. Since 1882, the Litchfield villa has served a's the offices of the park Administration and today it contindes to Serve as the Brooklyn headquarters of the Parks, Recreational and Cultural Affairs Administration of the City of New York.

The actual developmsnt of the Historic District began just before the outbreak of the Civil War. Building operations came to a standstill until the end of hostilities and then resumed in the late 1860s and early OS, Only to be severely curtailed once ,again by the panic of 1873. The New York Stock Exchange closed on September- 20 fix ten days. The panic left the country's financial and commercial structure in ,-uins. The disastrous effect on the building industry is vividly illustrated by the effect on Philip I. Cootey, one of the enterprising early builders associated with the development of a handsome blockfroni on Seventh Avenue: unable to meet his obligations, he was forced into bank- ruptcy. Recovery t'rm tne panic was slow and it was not until the late 1870s and early eighties that development on a wide scale was resumed. Then, block after block of dignified rowhouses sprang up along the side streets, with large mansions set in spacious grounds appearing for the most part in the upper tier of the District, along Eighth Avenue and Ninth Avenue (Prospect Park West). The major development of the District proceeded generally from west to east aod from north to south and covers the period from the Civi I War to World War i. Tne large apartment houses of later decades replaced earlier houses on the site.

Demographical ly, the District provides a sociological and economic cross- section. The upper tier,. and particularly the areas near the park -- Plaza Street, Eighth Avenue, Prospect Park West and the "park blocks" -- developed for the well-to-do rniddlo class, was known as "The Gold Coast." The long blockfronts of rowhouses and !ow, walk-up apartment houses, particularly below Eleventh Street, were bu:It for people of more modest means. The entire District continues to attract those who appreciate its prime location adjoining Prospect Park, its substantial, well-built houses and its relative tranquility. A great many people who are prcminent in the political, judicial and cultural life of the city still reside in the District.

-vi i- PS-ED

know today, with long, uninterrupted vistas along both sides of the park from the main entrance at Grand Army Plaza: along Prospect Park west to Fifteenth Street and Bartel Pritchard plaza; thence southeast and south along Prospect Park Southwest; continuing eastward along Parkside Avenue to the easternmost boundaries, Ocean Avenue and Flatbush Avenue. Olmsted recommended that the areas to the east of the old reservoir be utilized for a museum and other educational buildings, a plan later realized after Eastern Parkway Was laid OUt, when the library and museum were built there. Residents of Park Slope, Brooklyn and, indeed, the entire city owe a great debt to Olmsted for his anticipation of the need for cultural as we1 I as recreational facilities for the area.

It is now quite clear that the Vaux-Olmsted Report on Prospect-Park (1868) was concerned with much more than the creation of a sylvan retreat, with its artful juxtapostion of three contiguous regions of different character -- a grand, rolling meadow, a rugged wooded section and a charming lake area. With its provisions for a complete parkway system uninterrupted by the park, it provided the framework for the futrue development of Brooklyn. The work Olmsted undertook after the Civil War, including the development of Prospect Park, marked his transformation from landscape architect to city planner. Olmsted, whose birth 150 years ago, in 1822, was celebrated last year by a spate Of books and exhibitions, is now recognized as the first and foremost American exponent of ecological planning and regional design. Steeped in the 18th century tradition of Jeffersonian democracy, based upon an agrarian economy, and profoundly influenced by the Transcendentalists' worship of nature, Olmsted was deeply concerned -- and challenged -- by the increasing industrialization and urbanization of life, particularly after the Civil War. He recognized the need of providing the working people of the city, with an escape from their day-to-day working environment. In the report which Olmsted and Vaux submitted, the point was emphasized that there was, increasingly, a functional and physical separation between a dn's place of work and hls residence. \?hen the worker was not engaged in business and thus had no reason to be near his place of work, he "demands arrangements of wholly different character . . . air, space, abundant vegetation . . . without the loss of town-privileges" -- a clear anticipation of the rationale for the development of The suburb. A tranquil environrnent,and opportunities for recreation were absolutely essential, in his view. Olmsted and his friend Henry W. Bellows, the influential Uni-tarian clergyman, both believed that it was the obliqation of a democratic society TO provide such public facilities.

A rough sketch made by Vaux, at the time of his original survey, clearly indicates that the main entrance to the park was to be at the intersection of Flatbush Avenue and the present Prospect Park West. This entrance appears on the Olmsted-Vaux "Design for Prospect Fark" of 1866-67 as a large ellipticai plaza. The idea of a large plaza at the main entrance, with smaller ones at other points of entry, was introduced in this design and was quite different from the Viele plan. This new idea was enhanced by the provision of private funds in 1867 for the erection of large statue of Lincoln at the northern end of ;he proposed plaza. The statue was dedicated in 1869, and later moved to Concert Grove, in the park. The "Plaza,I1 with central fountain instal led in 1871, became even more imposing in the 189Os, with the erection of the monumental Memorial Arch crowned by a quadriga and the addition of other decorative architectural elements, including a pair of great Doric columns. These were designed by the foremost architects and sculptors of the day ,in the neo-Classical spirit of the 1893 Chicago World's Fair -- so much in evidence in the town houses in the Park Slope Historic District. This type of formal, turn-of-the- century design -- reflecting the influence of the French Beaux Arts tradition and the "City Beautiful" movement -- stands in sharp contrast'to the design of Prospect Park itself, based upon the romantic naturalism of the English garden, first popularized in this country by A. J. Downing, under whose auspices Vaux had come to the United States from England in 1852. The "Plaza" was renamed "Grand Army Plaza" in 1926.

In their creation of Prospect Park, Vaux and Olmsted were greatly encouraged by Brooklyn millionaire James S. T. Stranahan (1808-1898), whose statue stands at the east side of Main Entrance Drive. He served for twenty-two years, from 1860 to 1882, without remuneration as president of the Park Commission. Known as "the Father of Prospect Park, I' it was he, more than anyone else, who was credited by his contemporaries with being the real "architect" of Brooklyn.

-V- For his espousa! of a grand system of boulevards, he was referred to as "the Baron Haussmann of BrooLlyn." In addition, the great Atlantic bcks were developed under his direction and he Nas a member of the Board of Directors Of the New York (later Broc~klyn)Bridge Company, which was responsible for the Construction of the Brocsklyn Bridge, begun in 1869 and completed in 1883, just ninety years ago.

In Sum, the develoFment of Prospect Park and :he construction of the Brooklyn Bridge were the two most important factors in the development of the Park Slope Historic District before the introduction of rapid transit facilities. The promimity of the park and the opening of the bridge in 1883 encouraged an influx to The Slop~sof prosperous merchants, lawyers, physicians, brokers and other professionals, many of whom commuted to and from their offices in lower Manhattan. They began to bui Id great mansions and impressive town houses in the upper tier of fhe District in the mid-1880s. The desirability of Brooklyn as a residential ai-ea had been clearly foreseen by George Templeton Strong, 2 well-known New York attorney and son-in-law of Samuel 8. Ruggles, the developer of Gramercy Park. An abridged version of his diary, published in three volumes in 1952, provides a fascinating picture of the development of the city from 1835 to 1675, when he died. He provides us with a fine account of the progress of the Brooklyn Bridge and, especially, of the development of Prospect Park. Strong had served with Olmsted on Ihe Sanitary Commission during the Civil War and was quite naturally interested In seeing the site of the park. in October 1867, he wrote: "Had my first glimpse of the urif inished "Prospect Park" Of Brooklyn, which will soon become a formidable rival of our "Central Park" -- an unequivoval expression of the rivairy between the two cities. In 1871, he was one of 250,000 visitors to the park and his entry of July 18, which followed Dy two weeks his wife's visit to the park in the company of Stranshan, provides the fol lowing description:

Crossed at Fulton Ferry. Inspected the Brooklyn pier of the future bridge. It is about thirty feet high and looits like business. Then a long horse railroad car ride up Fulton Street and Flatbush Avenue, and reached the "Plaza," a large open place with a most lovely fountain and a tolerable statue of Lincoln. Reservoir on left, with a kind of observatory. The outlook is panoramic and most striking. It takes in New York, Brooklyn and its numerous sulurbs, the Jersey hills, the Bay, Staten Island, the Navesink Highlands, an expanse of ocean, Canarsie or Jamaica Bay, and the great belt of level land that extends eastward from the Narrows to a latitude south of Jamaica. Then explored the Park, even to "Lookout Hill," from which one gets a fine view to the south and west. We almost saw the . crest of the surf breaking on Coney Island beach . . .

This Park beats Central Park ten to one in trees. lis wealth of forest is most enviable. I think we cannot match its undulating lawns . . . But we beat it in rocks (and) also in water and bridges . . . But it beats us in views and is EI most lovely pleasance.

On his trip back to New York, he expressed dismay at the discomforts of commuting:

The ferry boats coming in as we left our car were a phenomenon. Each (six-fifteen) carried just as many men as could stand on her deck. if I wanted to buy a house in Brooklyn . , . the necessity of using such an overcrowded conveyance morning and evening would reduce the value of any piece of Brooklyn real estate . . . at least thirty per cent. The bridge, if ever completed, wi I I remove this drawback. .

AS a direct result of the planning of Prospect Fark and the proposal for the bridge, Jand values in the Park Slope Historic District rose precipitously after the Civil War. The old farm holdings, which had been surveyed in 1854, began to be sold off for development. One of the most far-sighted of these early investors in Park Slope real estate was Edwin Clark Litchfield who, in association with his brother Electus Backus Litchfield, had made a fortune in railroads. In 1852, he had purchased his first Brooklyn property from the Cortelyou estate: a large tract of land which, within the Histoirc District, lay between the south side of First Street and the north side of Fifth Street. Four years later, his picturesque ItaliBnate villa designed by A. J. Davis, one of the foremost architects of the day, was ready for occupancy. This impressive

-vi- PARK SLOPE

HISTORIC DISTRICT

SU)CK BY 3LOCK DESCRITTION

-1- S:[XTd AVEiJUF: TO PROSPXCT PbKi WEST

SIXTH AVZXUE

Coming east alcln& Flatbush Avenue and turning south into Sixth Avenue, one is immediately struck by the homogeneous quality of this street. It still embodies, today, the distinction thtit Brooklyn had, in the 19th century, as a ci-ty of homes and churches. The vista tilong the avenue between Sterling Place and Union Street has an understated regularity dramatically accented by the spires of two churches, St. Augustine's at Sterling Place and St. Francis Xavier At Carroll Street, both of which are just outside the Historic District. There is virtually no change in elevation in the part of the avenue included in the district: block after block displays a handsome uniform roof line, which unites the relatively short block- Afronts into a single composition with occasional special treatments, such as mansard roofs for the corner houses. Although Sixth Avenue is only now beginning to recover from a long periotl of decline, during which houses were converted into mltiple dwellings, most of the exterior detail, including the nansard roofs and cornices ~ remains remarkably intact.

SIXTH AVEXUE Between Sterling Place & St. John's Place

EAST SIDE (Nos. 135-153.)

This blockfront of ten three-story brownstone houses between Sterling Place and St. John's Plzce is among Park Slope's earliest, erected between 1869 and 1871 in the late Italianate style. Development began at the northern end in 1869-70, when Daniel M. Wells, a btiilder and real estate investor, erected 110s. 135-143, and was completed by builder James If. Scribner with Nos. 145-153 in 1870-71. Scribner was a brother of Charles S. Scribner , who had built Nos. 8-16 Seventh Avenue a decade earlier. ]'any of these flush-fronted houses have retained their original details, stoops rind rusticated basements. The original wooden roof cornice has been preserved intact along the entire blockfront. FO. 147 is practically untouched, and Thaws what the others were like originally. A-bove the windows are prominent stone cornice slabs supported on brackets. The consoles supporting the triangular doorway pediment have carved acanthus decoration. EX- pressive of the substantial quality of these houses are the balustered handrailings and newels at the stoop. The brick sides of the end houses have the broad low, end gables with central arched windovs, so typical of this area.

WEST SIDE (110s. 128 -146)

Nos. 128 -146 is a complete blockfront of houses built in 1876 for the neighborhood owner-builder, Jonn Gordon. They were designed by Brooklyn architect M. J. !'orrill. !knsard roofed houses at the enas of the block emphasize the Victorian verticality of these brownstone rowhouses. Three stories in height, set above high basements, the entrance doorvays are approached by steep stoops, many of which retain their original cast iron balustered handrailings. Yard railings and gates enclose most of the front yards. These houses present excellent example: of the neo Grec style, best seen at Fo. 132 which has a mansard roof above Its roof cornice. Full hei&t tvo-sided Says contrast with the flush-fronted houses across the street. A bracketed roof cornice, which reflects the profiles of the bays, enlivens the skyline. "he brick side walls of the end houses of this roT: have two-story bay windows, constructed of wocd. SIXTH AVENUE Between St. John's Place r\ Lincoln Place

EAST SIDE (NOS. 155-175)

Nos. lCS-lG3. The corner house at St. !ohn's Place Fo. 155, is hiqlier than the rest of the row due to its mansard roof. Tt js part of a row of five similar three-story hrownstones with hiyh basements. Erected in 188U by builder .John Monas, tbey are of a tyoe characteristic of the north portion of Park Slope. with brownstone fronts and two-sided bays running the full three-story height above hiqh hasements, On 211 five houses. the incised neo-Grec decoration and the brac!ceterl roof cornice dramatically accent their angularity . Framinv the doorway are ballistraded halconies restinl: on deep brac':ef-s and emhellistied with urns. The corner house, with mansard roof and Dedimented dormer windows. reneats the anzu- lar profile of the main cornjce line at hiuher level providinq an effective emphasis at the corner. The end wall, on St. John's Place, is almost entirely of red brick, virtually iinjnterrupted except for a three-sided bay window at the center which is topped with a prominent cornice above the third floor identical to, the roof cornice.

Nos. 165 and 167, the remainin? two houses on the lilock, were completed in 1874 hy Henry Samuel, huilder. and are related to the adjoining later hoiises hy a uniforoi roof cornice line. The hoilses are enclosed hy handsome iron yard railincs with qates. Hiyh stoops, with bal~isteredhand railinqs and heavy newel posts, lead LI? to the front doors. These three-story brownstones have flush fronts rtlsticated hasements and typically late Jtalianate detail- prominent cornices over sepental- arched window heads and stronqly modeled arched rlediments over deeply recessed round-arcbed doorways. The fine detail of the doorway of Vo. 165 has been retained incliidinq the hinh original doors, now partially zlazed.

The Sixth Avenue Baptist Church at the corner of T,incoln Place is Victorian Gothic in inspiration and is executed in red face brick with horizontal stone band courses. Tt was desiqned hy Laurence R. Valk a New Yor!c architect in 18SO. The massing of the main tower -- the steeple was lost in the hurricane of 1938 -- the small polyyonal turret engayed to the tower on the Sixth Avenge front, and the cupola over the crossin: are pictiiresque features which contrast with the flatness and austerity of the similar gabled walls facinq the Avenue and the Street. Horizontal bands of sandstone. perfectly flush with the hrickwork, serve as sills or impos: blocks for the arches of tlie wiiiclows. The window jambs ahut the brickwork. Bu~Li*css~switli ~LC~I~WIshoulders of sandstone are interestinq COIII~JOII~IILS 0.E the construction. OT9iiameiiL riiiltcllishes the stone arches over the doors and the corbers of the main yahles.

IfEST SIDE (NOS. 14G-1681

This hlockfront, unlike most others jn the area, was develooed from south to north and shows an interestin? contrast hetween late Ttalianate and neo-Grec styles.

Nos. 146-160. Neiqhhorhood builder ,John Gordon and his wife Isahella, developed this row of seven in two staqes- Nos. 1L!8-154 were built in 1875 and Nos. 158 and 160 in 1880. The houses are very similar to his row of ahout the same period at Nos. 128-146, in the block to the north hetween Sterlinp, Place and St. John's Place designed hy M. J. Morrill. Both Morrill and John Dixon. the architect associated with Nos. 148-160, made use of the "French roof" or mansard to give emphasis to corner buildings. Both architects wor'ted in the neo-Grec style, which continued to dominate huilder-constrllcted houses in Park Slope well into the 1880s. IJo. 152 retains most of the original decorative elements and at No. 156 the handsome oriqinal doors can still he seen. A notable feature is the round-arched, two-story hay on the brSck end wall on St. John's Place, similar to the two-story hay on the end wall across the street. at So, 146. Nos. 158 and 1-60 althouzh built five years later than the other houses of the row, are essentially similar to tF,em differinq only in minor respects. The rectilinear detail disolayed here is typical of Dixon's (cont'rj nextpaye; -4- rs-m

SIXTH AVENUE :ctnc;en St. Jchn's ;'l.?cc & Lincoln "1xc work in the neo-Grct: sty12 clscwherc in the District, as are the billet mo1Jinr;s which a-ear at the hea!s of all thc wint'.ows.

Nos. 162-167 were th,? first houses t? ur) cn this tl?ckfront. No. 162, the residence of .\br,iham box, a cooyr, was erectcr! first, in 1759. ?,!os. 162-166 were built for him in 1852. They mc in the lnte Italianate style so pcplm on Sixth Avcnuc> at that time. These flnsh-frontel brownstones provi.?e a contrast t3 their norc .animated neiphLors to the north, with their full- heicht, two-siJe.1 mctsanry hays nnl javed rooflines. No. 162 most neerly retains nll its oriyinal fmtures: the hnl lly peclimente:! ?corwny an(' windcw lintels nn carve;' corbel hrnckets arc noteworthy. The cnrner hnusc, ?In. 162, where A?lrahnm Knox lived, still lisplays its cast iron I-rlusterec! hcnf!railin,vs, ccmlete with newcls, an! yxd railinvs which continue nrwn? to the Linccln Place siJe. Here, its brick end wall hr?s thc tvical low pblc with central archec! wintow am! word bay winhws at the rarlrr flow with cprve? cornice brackets.

SIXTH AVENUE Getween Lincaln Place & ferkeley -1xc

EAST SIDE (NOS. 175-191)

Nos. 175-103 prwi,-tc the unly exm?lcs ;.mf the ;:onanesnue Revival style en Sixth Avenue within the District. They were 'uilt fnr James i,. ?ills in lSn9 Rn,' wcre (iesirycc? by -r.~ltlynarchitect F. r . LanFst-n. LmTstnn nlsc wnrke.? in the Stuyvesant Hcirhts .zrc7.. Stylisticplly they arc sinilnr tn )!os. 96-110 Lincoln Plncc arounc! the corncr, ?esime,: by Lanrlstm et the snme time. Like the houses on Lincoln Tlace, these risc frm rcuch-f3ce.l. rm1m.ashlar 5nscments to the sills cf thc secmc! flcr)r windnws. LshaFel stoops, with risers and treads definec! on r"u.:h-f:\cc(! win7-walls lea:! ur) t - the ~lfiul-leloors with carved lintels. Carve;! oi-nnment 2lso apenrs in the front frrcc ?f the snlid win? wells of thc stpors :it Nss. 177, 131 anJ 1::3. Nq. 175 has a straipht stew with pire roilinns terninatin? in fenciful ,-riffins. Thxoh the sme heivht ~n!style as its ncichbrs, thc corner buil-lig-, Nn. 175, is trentn' lifferently from the others. It h3s :;:,unrC-hen'c? oncninqs et thc first floor, wherms they hive r-unl-archc.1 yx?lmr flnnr winrlqws m-1 -!cfJrwnys. Cnntrasts in cnlw of the trick ccrner hquse wixh thc -&her stone hi.uses nivc chnractcr to the rcw. The rou?h-f?ce$ winZrw lintcls c3ntr-s.t with thc smcc.t\ Ixrickviinrk of the secon: in(! thir.' st-xies. Crgwntnr; thcse five houses me shectrrlctal roof cornices with vorticil shcfts rm ci-rlels scmratinr; tl;c!i. wnins, in stmes OF cnntrnstinc c?lors, scpmate nn' 'efiiic the hwses.

Mas. 1-5 -1-7-!-7 1/2-12:.9n.' ~91. ~n c'ntr-lt t the -1j-.ccqt r,)m,nesque-. 'icvival hmscs arc thcse Eivc 1?te Itnlinncltc style l r-wnstmes which con$lctc this 11xkfrnnt frcn Linct,ln ts -trkclcy !'11ncc. kilt in 1774-75 fyr Yillim :Inwire, of 3C3 GcKnlt: Avmue, they were tl-si-ne ' "y R Prcrbklyn architccr- hil'er, Gcnroc !hitc. They nre @to siTi1.r tp thc ether lzte It-.linn?te hxses ?f the snnc -scrip: cn thr: Sln?e. Of these, fivc (!i-nificrl rcwhwses, EJr. 1;'7 test retains its ,>ri-incl fcntures inclulinr- mst rf its ircnwnrk. Thc stvp, n')"ve a rustic.lte'. 'tnsencnt, lcn's tr 3 plimente-1 4onrw.y with clnttmntely cerve". cnnsr,lc 'Irnckets. Unifyin: thc fivc houses ?re tho rqnf c-rnices with Clnssicnl rncl!.inys, .'entils .m,l cms-le brPckets. Thc c-mer hnuse, 149. 191, hss twn oriels suTnrter! nn cxve-' hrackcts on the Yerkcley Plzce si.'e.

VEST FIDE

(The entire hlrxkfron?t ::etwccn Lincqln plncc an:' I erkcley ?l?.ce ;.n Sixth '.venue is rutsi.'c the Histcric District. It is the sitc cf T.S. IC,.2"2, the ?nrk SloTe Scho<)l). PS-HD

SIXTH PiVENUE Betwecn Berkeley Place snt! Union Street

EZIST SIDE (NOS. 193-199)

PIPS i43-195-195"i-197. Thesc f?ur brwnstnnc hcuses, built between 1372 an-' 1C73 hr :bel F. GooJnqw were the first houses built on this blockfront, an? are typicnlly late Italianetc in c!esiqn. Ncs. 19% anfi 197 Frcsorve charicteristic Ccc7rativc features rusticate.' bnsemonts, nec!imenter! -1onrwF.ys. pnrlor flwr winqow lintels suportec! on carvc?. conscle brackcts an,.! winlowsills Et the upper stories resting On small c:>rbcl blocks. The irrmwrk which once -raced all these hwses renains intact nt the stno:, and yarq rrlilinrs -f 'I-. 1'.'5. Tie h~usesnrc crr?wnec! by 1entille.l roof cwniccs with cqnsplc brsckcts. Nn. 195 WRS tho hone Gf 'ih:?mas Green, 8 prolific builder ?ssnci?.tic(l with tho early r',evel?y.ment nf "?rk Sln?c, who nay also have crectel this mw.

%I. 199. This aid-blnck hrnwnstme of lrP647, is one 'cF 7. r'cw of three nen-Grec houscs, of which Ncs. 201 nn,! 201t ?re 0utsid.e thc Yistwic District, ?m? reflects the ch?.n-e in architcctural fashim ~lfthe fnllowiny decale. The mqulnrity of the full-heieht, tw -siJcJ hny is cchoed in tho rwf ccrnice, which contrasts in hcivh- and Trclfile with thwc of the enrlicr, flush-frmte2 houses +,f the rcst cf thc bl-ckcr-pt. Nns. 193-201.3 WCTC luilt 1.y the heirs nf 'PI n?s ckelly. n buillcr. .I R'W~~Cfenture of tJq. 193, which is very similar to thc row at llcs. 155-163 Sixth Avenuc nearby, is the lrw ':elustrsde ah'nve thG ontrance dmrway .

"EST SIDE (133-192,'\)

The five houses frsn the corner -,fL'crkcley ?lace to the miY.le of the hlnck were built as pprt nf a rr.w ?f six (inclu'iny No. 19C) i.y ormer-huil.?er Thrmgs Fa?m of 262 Grm.! Avenue, Crwklyn. The ksi

(Thc hGuscs on the swth half of the l-lnckfrnnt tnw8rJ Unim Street, on both the east an6 west si's of Sixth Avenue, arc outsi.:e the Histnric District.)

***

SEVENTH AVENUE

Tic fwr llocks within the Histcric District, at thc rlnrth en+ of Seventh Avenue totwcen %rk "l2ce nn:: Unim Street, vovitle a r!iynifier' appcarnncc nncl m interestins cross-sectiqn if architccturnl styles of tho second half r.f thc 19th century. I:c:innin; with rnw hmses built in 1361 in the p9:wlar Itclinnate style, residcnces hilt in the ,?eczc!.os which fpllcwcd present find exanyles 05 the nen-Grec, Vict-rim Gothic, French Second EmFire, Queen Anne 2nd Rnmanesque Xcvival stylcs.

This secticn cf Seventh Avenue still retains its ~~rivinnlresit!cntiql

-6- PS-HD

SEVENTt! {ZVENUE chr.rnctcr with cnly mincr cnmmerci.21 Incursions, in contrnst to tho aspect of the avenue at its north enJ anJ below Zerkcley Plxe to the south. Thc: trsnsition from residential tn cninmercial nrchitecture, which fcll(.wel1 the ecnnomic wJturn nf the late 1G70s, beyins just above Cerkcley I'lsca anc1 extends smthwar4. Prior to that time, thc process of residential \evcln?nent hxl been quite similar tn that of Sixth ::venue. Durinr? the l'!Yk, while henclsornc rcsi-!enti?l nnd rclioious structures were still hein:' !uiIt at the nnrthcrn end. r?€ the avenue, the tenlency was to more r-dest yvrtment hwscs an[! cmncrcial ccnstructinn at thc south en!.

SEVEVTf4 .:VENUE Getwcen Park Place E Stcrlinc Plxe ~~

EAST SIDE (Nos. 13-19)

(The northern hnlf of this blnckfrnnt is outside the f!istnric District.)

"9s. 13-19, a raw r?f three-stpry ncn-Grec hmses, wns built in 1722 hy owncr-builS.er Villim Guhbins, 3ccorr!in~ tc the 4esirms of Drmklyn architcct Thnmzs F. Houvhtnn, who also worked in Stuyvesant f!eirhts. Full heipht, two- sic?e?. bsys prohce an undulant rhythm at the line \>f the trackctc.! cnrnices. These hnuscs are a11 mpronchec! by hiyh stoms which lea! u~ to seV.entn1-arched rtnrrw?ys. The cornice slsbs at three of these hvscs rct>.in their handsme nri-in?l iron crestinqs &cve thc Joorwnys. The l~~.r'erof Fnln leaves in the cmnice slove thc wrlsTr flow winJpws is esneci,??ly attractive mrl is riistmtly rel?teJ to the EvFtian cnvctto rnoli!inv.

"FCT SIDE (NPs. 8-22)

Nos. 2-16 Sevcnth Avenue, a row nf five houses erectel! in 1360, crc the cmlicst in the District. The five lots were tw-ht fro- the EJnuni! K. !hlssinq estzte in January 1G60 by the Suil:!cr-develn?cr Chnrlcs S. Scrilmx, of 300 Dem Street in the berum Hi11 section. These vc!est hnuses'nre thrcc stories in hei?ht aver a hivh Insenent anc! are cmstructe4 of brick oveqrusticate? stone bnsencnts. They are hnsicnlly Italianate, 3s may ?:e seen in the bracketed rcnf corniccs sni! the rrche:' stwp an3 yard rnilings at Nr6. 10 and 12. No. 12 alsc retains the br-cket-sun-wted stone slnSs ?\cneath the ion;, wcll-yroyr- timed par1-r floor win.!c>ws. The house nt the corner of Pnrk i'lncc (PIC,. 3) hne D greenhquse ?..',,.?ec! in 1:9F, at the rear *f the lot, when it bccme thc residence anr' store of florist !'!illiam ti. Fod2y. The rrccnhwse was \!ennlished in 1928 tn m?ke way for thc rrescnt nc!.!itinn. The nA!itim is clearly seen in the r'ifference between the windows nt thc rear of thc Luilding znr! thic at the frcnt. The brick lintels echr the Italicnnte style of the brownstme orininzls, which are ty?iczl ly Itnlinnote with shnuldcrcd serpental arches m:? cn;, nol,:!inys. Althouyh 311 the hwscs have ken r?ltere! in w-ryinr: dejyees, the rrw retains 2 sensc o€ hnmnnious unity.

Mms. 18-22. The hrusem, in the southern hnlf of this hlockfrmt were nnt built until 3lnost twcnty ycars after those tn the nmth, n difference which is imedir?tcly annjlrent in their qreater hei7ht. This rnw of IC79 nrivinally c-,nsistel cf five similar houses. No. 24 WTS c!cmnlishecl in Decenber 1960 as the result cf ?. ?lane crzsh which also r'estnyed the Pillar nf Fire Church te the west nf it, lcter rerlcced by a one-stcry funeral hone.

The cririnnl q?pecr?.nc(: of the rqw cm best lie juc!ner! by No. I\? which still retains its stoo?, doorway, hzndsme rcqf cornice, an(? ncn-Grcc dctnils. ;.n unusuel rwnd-arched .locrway, -of cris? anA el?l-tnrr?te ctcsirn, is cqy~eilhy R central console with cornicc slab supportcd on highly stylize?, vcrticzl, neo-Grec consoles. This slab serves as a support for the two-sidel oriel window abovo it thnt wc?s probably an n46iti:)n to til? :.ous.:. Similar to the furniturc decoratinn

-7- PS -HD

---SEVENTH AVFATJE Between Park Place FC Sterling Place

of the period are the decorative panels beneath each parlor floor window and the brackets which support the windowsills. These brackets, which end in teardrop forms, recall the pendants often seen on Victorien furniture.

--SEVENTH AVENUE--- Between Sterling Place & St. John's Place

mST SIDE (?IO~. 21-35)

Tine east side of this block presents a picturesque appearance. At the north end, four brick and brownstone houses with a multiplicity of peaked dormers accord well with the lighter colored brounstone church to the south, with the finials of its tower silhouetted against the sky. On the west side'of the avenae more conventional rows of rowhouses and another brownstone church with hich corner tower occupy the blockfront.

Nos. 21-27 Seventh Avenue, an exceptionally handsome row of four Romanesque Revival residences, vere erected for Charles Pied in 1887 according to designs by architect Laurence B. Valk of Xev York, who had desic;ned the Sixth Avenue Baptist Church at the corner of Lincoln Place, nearby. The house at the corner of Sterling Place (No. 21 Seventh Avenue) was well known as the Lillian IJard mansion, as it was at one time the hone of that famous singer. Dr. Iieber H. Ward built a Qarage in 1925. The \lard mansion and the three houses to the south (Nos. 23, 25, an6 27) . were all built in the sme architectural style, utilizing the same materials. This gives the row a remarkable unity of effect, despite the diversity of its detail. In designing these houses, Valk called into play every resource of the Romanesque Revival style, includinc contrasts in color, details and materials, making this one of the most effective rom in the District. Srick, brownstone, slate and terra cotta were all employed with their wide range of warm muted colors. Signalizing the corner of the Ward mansion, a turret vith curvilinear peaked roof rests on a corbel at the second floor. On the avenue side, set on ornamented brackets above a low basement, there is a vide bow window which serves the parlor floor. The entrance on Sterling Place has a handsome arched porch with dwarf columns shelter- ing the beautiful original doorway with sidelights and transom embellished rrith wrought iron work. An offset stooD enters the side of this porch and has a low stone wine-wall surmounted by an iron railing terminated by a rarnpsnt mythological animal figure as newel post. Just below the roof, the influence of the ween Anne style emerges: an ornamental terra cotta bandcourse forms a frieze and dormer win-- dows of various sizes and shapes enhance the :-icturc-squc !rofj.le of the steeply hipped slate roof. A second floor blind vindow, between the corner turret and the entrance porch, displays a richly ornamented terra cotta panel in lov relief. Except for a pmt of the first floor of the Ward mansion and the entrance porches of all these houses, which are of rough-faced brownstone, they are constructed of brick. Mos. 23, 25 and 3 have arched porches of different designs and further variety is achieved in the design of their dormer windows which have gables projecting over the windows. Some of the Rables of the narrow dormers display the ween Anne sunburst notif.

No. 29. Making the transition from the Romanesque Revival row to the north, and the church to the south, this rough-faced stone parsonage was built for Grace United (M.E.) Church in 1887 and was designed by the proninent Brooklyn architectural firm of Parfitt Brothers, the azzchitects of the adjoining church. An interesting example of late Romanesque Revival architecture, this parsonage has a curve- ended, two-story bay with stone mullions and transom bars at both floors. The transbms abbve the first flbr windows are @f staibed g&%ss and the original front door with its small square lights in the upper half is still in place. The third floor has a double window above the bay surmounted by a stone gable flanked by pilasters resting on corbels at either side of the windov. Echoing the turret of the Glard mansion, the parsonage has a third floor sheetnetal oricl nt its south corner, thus completing the residential blockfront.

-0- ---SEVENTH AVENUE ktwecn Stcriin- l'lncc & Zt. J-hn's Pl;lcc

Nps. 31-35. The inr?rcssivc stwc k?cc Unite-' (il. E.) Church an,! Sunday Schml :!ominntcs the northesst cnrner c.f St. Jnhn's rlxo znrl Sixth &venue. In style it is Victorim Gclthic, with vari-colorc2 stmc nnl! picturesque qrofile. f, larvc win-low sn? nable, exrrcssive r$f the en$?of the nnvc, faces the nvcnue. 2 c.-mer trwer mzkes the txansitiqn tg the Inn? sic!e 3n St. Jnhn's Placc, with :mireJ side aisle win,lnws sepratw! by buttresses. An exceptionilly hmlsnme !imcr yattcrnc,! terra cqtta cnfrnncs the circular win4nws of thc navc. Thc winlnws of the side aisle hme bsnc',e.' colums with foli,?tc cqitals. The Sundny Schwl Fuilrlinq fxiny the zvenuc., to the left nf the navc, is very Ficturesque, with its whlet flnnkc,! by finials. To the left of the entrsncc there is Pn intercstinn squat, rmintc4 nrch windqw, which h~.sim inscription in the fleyth -€ its terra cottn vwssoiIs. The church, like thc rcctnry, w3.s

"EST SIDE (Nns. 26-44)

The cqrner lct was originally thc site of N?. 26, den-1ishe.I in 1960 ns -. rcsult 7f the air7lane crtzstrcyhe. This hwse was part If a rew of five rlwellinys erected in 1273 fnr EJmun1 Xin:.sl?.nJ. They show the trmsition fron the Frcnch Secon! Emnirc trc thc nco-Grcc. It m,=.y well Fe that they reprcssnt the intro,!uction of the nerl-crec style in Pnrk Slriw. Thc ornamental *!etiil c,f thc huilr!inis is nco-Gric, whcrens thc 1xsic IinGs ?f the Suil?ings me French Seconi' Errlrire. Tpic?.l neo-Grcc elements ?re tho treatnent of tha .!.?orways, thc rc"jf cornices an! even such snall (:et?.ils 2s the cor?,c1 Flecks un!er the winlrwsills ant1 fncetcl kcystwes of the 1-nsenent wineows. Three thcse houscs retain their stnn?s.

Nos. 36-44. In 1281 when these brownstones wcre constructc.; by owner- huilc!er Thomns Fayn, the lircoklyn zrchitect, ?4?ert Dixsn, mr:lc full use rf ths neo-Grec style which was still in the nscen-lmcc in Pnrk Slcye nt that tipe. Nos. 42 an?. 44, at the Stas1in:J Plice corner, .-.re tnller than their nciyhhors since thcy have 9 full-heiyht feurth st-ry, whcrens the qthers hzve 1x4 r?ttic stories. Hnwevcr, sll five heuses mc bnsiczlly of the smc -!csi.m. Charac- tcristic cf the nco-Grec stylc nre the full-hciqht , twn-si?cL' mns-'nry hays, which !enart fr-m the ty?icr?lly fl7.t ?lane pf the earlier Itnlinnote Fcrio4. Each bay is articulatell by a fl:t 7ilnster element at its apx. Thc an;rulnr cornica linc rcflccts the shnpc of the blys below ir? R 9rnnntic Frshiw. In the attic st-ries rf the three-story iiwses, the fenestration chnn-cs frm l?.rne sinTle to sm111 ~lputlewinJows, set in the fascia bcl~the rnof cvnice an,! diviJel by ilullicns, except at N?. 35. The intercstinq nri7inzl c1vrwn.ys retainc;! at Pour of the hnuses hnve se.Fmcr.tx1 archcs flznke! tsy nr?rvcc' ?ilasters tcminatiny in bqld ccnvcx breckets with trical nw-Grec !ctnil. Thcse, in turn, suy-rt the cvnice :tl~.bs crcwned !y lelic;?te cwt ircn crcstinijs. The sills nf the prlrq- floor rrinJows provic'e exnwIes -f th1.t curi,ws nen-Grec featurc, the slice !-off nnl .!inv, whcre the crnss-sectipn .?f the nnlrlinq r-.ther thnn the f-rms of the wl1jnp itself Lecmc the 'ec7r2tive fentures. ?Ltsome -f the hruses thc .-rif-in,?l handrxilin7s of the st'-oys RnCl the yar2 riilinp arc rctiline?. The hioh corncr house, NP. ~'4, wns the resirlencn, nf *5.llim Enywn, Cnney Tslnnrl .levclciwr, rn' Georre Cnqnan. realtor.

EAST SIDE (NOS. 37-57)

The eleven houses bctrieen 3t. John's rlncc an' Lincoln Placc mcscnt R *!ic:niFicc': blockfrmt raf French Second Empire Frcsimn. This is thc nnly c?q-Ictc hlnckfr-nt rJf mansert! roofcd houses in Pmk Slmc sn?. Ctiltcs frm 1S71-72. The houscs wzre built rouvhly to thc s,mc basic :'csivn Fy Kobert Syicr hssiny, whr, h-.J ?urchr?sc! the lan,! in 1269, in zsseciatir,n with Phili? I. bntcy.

Z-th r?cn wcre sreculntivc huil2crs nnJ ?ussin.:, clcr?rly ,verextcnr!c,' ~ went bp.nkru?t in 1374. Fhilip Cootcy pnl qthcr mcvbcrs ,If his fnnily liver? It

-9 - PS-t!D

SEVENTH AVENUE 3etwecn St. J-ihn's ?lice 5 Linccln "1xc

No. .17. These residences were :cncrally built fer 3 Tr-%xrous nerchnnt class, Sest cxcmplificc! by ;?nthony H,y!en?yl, n New York +iammi! merchant who iives-l at NP. 43. This rcw Qf brownstme houses is a tall, mwst nnc an! pr93uces an im?qsin? vista that is hiqhly visible ,?l-nP the nveniie.

The hwses are unified !iy the aliqnncnt ~f ,!Porw?.ys and win,!ows an,:, mst esvcinlly, by mansard rmfs with nellimentec! Jnmers. The (!owways cf the five nnrthernmnst hzuses, Pbs. 37-45, 9.11 orininally hni! archei! petlinents sun- wrte-! Qn carved console brackets, npw hest seen ;?t Nos. 39 an,! 111. r'y c-ntrast, YTS. 37-53, four qf the rnw of six tc the Lincoln rlnce cnrncr, still have tri?nr;ulr?r ?ec!iimentec! cl-nrways flankec! by en-a;?erj columns. Yns. 39 an.! 45 rctnin thcir eriqinnl bnlusterel cast irnn h?n,lr?.ilinns at the stm? nn,! their ynr,! rnilinis. The rusticntcl bnsenents i?rc intact nt sme nf the hquses, an?. twe retain their imyressive full-hcizht ;\outlc ,'vnrs. The crioinnl rvf crestinqs which rncc extcnr!el zlon: the entire blxk frrnt, renlnin nt Ph. 45. 'it b!n. 55, the yrlcr floor and hascncnt have hccn renodele:' in nen- kthic stvle which until recently hwsel n funernl chnnel. The corner hwsc (So. 57) hRs been remnilelerl fqr commercial use ?t street level, with 7- secpn! f?nnr achliton above it.

"!EST SIDE (YOS. 42-60)

The hlnckfrmt lytween St. Jchn's I'lacc ?n

In 1G3; a chyel an+ Suntiiy Schwl wzs ?.'JeJ to thc west rn thc- St. John's Pl,-.ce sile. It WTS dcsiqned by :I?rshall 4 Wiltcr, usinv the same mqterials as the church. Over thc ?.o!vwny t-, the ch-pcl is a charminn quatrefoil c>mtainini 2 cnrvin? of a winry3 anvel cc:mfcq-tinr three children. Thc chapel is well inte?r?ted into the .lesiZn cf the ecrlier church n.nl1 the twn now ?.?near tn be one structure. Ccth the church an-: the chnpel haw snnc very fine stsine? vlass wini'nws by Tiffnny Stuc!ins.

Wts. 50 anr! 52 seventh ',vcnuc were hilt in 1r70 by Lobert S. I'ussiny and were nri~inallytwin brownst?ncs ,iesinncr! in the lzte Itillinnate style. They, like thoir neivhbsrs, tins. 54 m! 56, we vetcrnns ?f n lmq cm-i-n cf rewvatirn 2~3c~mmerrial glteratim. '%e nriFin.?l un~crflrv windqws nt ?n. 52 hnva ty;.icnlly Itelim-te scqr?cntnl->rchcJ lintels supyorte:! on conwle hmckets nncl tho fnscia below the hnnG!sm:c rm€ cornice is arche:! hetween brnckcts tr) reflLct the arch of the win?nws. ?In. 50 rctnins its strip? and Fn3ustercd handrailings . Nx. 53-56 were hilt later in the 1370s. They are twin houses cn? were 57th cccupietl by ministers, Reverent! John S. Lntt nncl Reverend rhrahnn wick, resnectively. At the qper floors, No. 55 renxins close tc' its nrivinal a.Fpearance, with hsnc!snmely enframe,!. windows which reflect French influence. 3oth hcuscs retain their roof cornices with Ccntils an.! mrzdillions betwecn the carve:! brackets.

-10- SEVENTH AVVEi-IUE Zetwccn St. Jchn’s Place 6 Lincqln Place

Nos. 53-60. This irn7osine corner mansion WES built in l??l for Mr. rl. Crpsher hv the architect S. F. Evolcttc. of 213 MnntaPue Street. The Prnsher Yansim later served as the Pnrk ,Slope Mnsonic Cluh ax! is now the Brc*qklyn Cnnservstory of Music. The huil.lin? is Victorian Gqthic in snirit with elemcnts Q€ the Queen Anne style. It is constructed of rei. !rick on s lnw Lasemcnt nf hrwnstone, with handcourses and trim of brownstrn: 2nd term cqtto ornament. The entrsnce dmrw.?y,flankect by ynoled Yikstcrs with scrolls suyrortin? a cornice s1p.h with 1zw stnnc yara;iet, i.5 set in n prcjectin? i-ay which, zt rn?f level, is xcentuntetl with a rsble crowned by a carve:! finiil. A full-lieizht, ctiay-mnl c-rner !>ay surmountccl by :i :7yra?ni?al ronf makes the trmsition from the front t? the Lincoln Plrtcc side Handsomc czst iron crestinys nhnve the first f1o-m projection of the bay provide an effective 2ec”rative feature. iz three-side?. lny rises mi:t-way alcny the Lincnln Ylace side an

SEVEhTH kVENUE Detween Ljncsln Place & Berkeley Flxc ~~

EAST SIDE (Nos. 59-73)

Nos. 53-71. Of the ten houses, erected in 1nSO ?.s a rcw rJy owner-nrhitect- buil:!er l‘JillinmFlanagan cxtcntlinc. tc the rerkeley Place cqrnor, Nos. 61 nnJ Ycs. 63 to 61 retc?in theii orir:inal anpezrance. The houses are in thc neo- Grec style with shallnw, twp-sic!er! mnsnnry bnys. The lintels wer winCcws znIn. W. Two :mildin-s at the ncrth cn,! ( NG. 59 anJ GlA) hwe new fronts t3 ,‘i heicht cf five stcries. Until reccntly, Nc. 61 WRS pnrtiilly hi?.,’en hy n one-stnry stwefrnnt, ?ut this has nw hcen removd, rcvealir?? thc -ric;inal front of the house. .2t the south cn-!, Nos. 69A an.: 71 have also becn extendc?. fcrwmr! for conncrcinl use, but these n&!itims have only been Carrie.! uy tr a heinht r.f two stnries. The southernm?st house (No. 73) hp-s been reTlace:! by a twq-story ccmmercial buil4inp.

‘“EST SIDE (P~os. 62-72)

W. 52 w9.s rlricrinnlly built ?s n lap-e $,ruble twnhqusc in 1Xl with T. secmc1 entrance It Fin. 16s Linc ,In rl?.ce. 3-th h-uses were occunie-’ succes- sivcly by Hnsner Quckinrrham Parscns, Rencr?.l ncent an,! cxhicr fqr :‘;ells, F?rC.o & C). mc! R prminent memi-cr of thc MwtaJ Cluh. It is n three-strry ret1 brick structure with stme trim. ,? swll squire tcrrr! cnttz ‘ecnrative ?enel of foliate &sly h?s been sct into the center c>f the setback portim of the sccnnr! story. This substnntiil tJuil,!.ing has hrickwork of fine qullity an3 nqw serves RS ?-n npnrtnent hruse with three c-nlrncrcinl enternrises at nrnunc! floor lcvel.

?I~>S.64, 66 mcl 70 (No. 63 hw Lecn qnittcl fronl the nun?xrinr scqucncc) wcrc 1.cwn in 1323 for F. 01. Fnirclqth, Jr., an”, were ,lesirpetl by architect Thcn;?s Stent of New ’fork. TIiese three han:!sme iRtc ’Innc?ncsquc P.cviv?l aynt- mcnt houses, fmr st<.ries in heiqht. were all kilt to the sme rlesivn- a first st-ry in rouTh-facc3 brownstme, still yeservc”. 9.t lip. 6h, 2n.l three u-?er stwies in rc! brick. Cnmplctely sywnetricnl in plan, cac!i builr’inn 7riCTinnlly had n rouni-arched centrnl entrance fl?nkoT! hy twn-si,!el bays mnh?-sizeJ by intsrlexkinc? brickwork at thc anmlcs. These bays, fwr stcries in hei3ht, risc t3 met n handsnmc x-ray of !,rick cqr!,cls surn’!untcf’ hy a cmtinu- -US shcetnetil rcof cornice which is effectively tcminztc ‘ 1 y rwn3 hr:sscs. The orininr.1 st?m with irnn railin-s revzins at Yn. 6.t.

.11- SEVENTH AVENUE Between Lincoln Place & Berkeley Place

No. 74 (Nos. 72-74) is a four-story apartment house of brownstone designed in the neo-Grec style. It was built in 1888 by Cevedra B. Sheldon, a local builder. The original entranceway and ground floor facade have been replaced by a new commercial front. The design of the building is basically symmetrical with two-sided masonry bay at either side of the facade. The left-hand bay :. has one side advanced to meet the wall plane of the adjoining building, thus making a smooth transition. The enframed windows are surmounted by pedimental lintels with "ears" and incised decoration. A handsome roof cornice with deep stylized brackets completes the elevation.

No. 76 Seventh Avenue, also built in 1888 by Cevedra B. Sheldon, is a four-story apartment house with a brownstone facade on Seventh Avenue and a red brick one on Berkeley Place. At the juncture of these two facades is a rectangular sheet metal bay, supported on large brackets, which rises three stories to the top of the building and is crowned by a triangular pediment. The corner entrance of the ground floor store is under this bay and preserves most of its original appearance. The Berkeley Place side is described under No. 161 Berkeley Place.

SEVENTH AVENUE Between Berkeley Place & Union Street

EAST SIDE (NOS. 75-87)

NO. 75-77. This four-story stone and brick apartment house is described under No. 180 Berkeley Place, where the main entrance is located. Nos. 79-81 are one-story commercial establishments serving the community

Nos. 83-87. These three brick apartment houses with stone trim and stores at the first floor were built in 1901 for Leo W. Winkelman and were designed as a unit in a modified classical style by architect M. J. Morrill. The entrances to the apartment houses are all set to the left-hand side of wide store fronts enframed in stonework. The brickwork above is unified by horizontal bandcourses and bay windows flanking a flat-arched window providing an interesting off-center symmetry.

WEST SIDE (NOS. 78-86)

Nos. 78-82. No. 78, on the southwest corner of Berkeley Place and Seventh Avenue, is almost a mirror image of the building across from it on the northwest corner, No. 76 Seventh Avenue, but the corner sheet metal bay has no pediment. Colonettes support the roof cornice, whereas across the street it is carried on brackets. NO. 78 displays neo-Grec detail in its "eared" window lintels. This building was erected in 1886 as one of a row of three by C. B. Sheldon, and designed by architect George Buser. Both Sheldon and Buser lived jus& west of the Historic District.

Nos. 84 and 86. These two four-story brownstones were erected as a pair of one-family residences in 1874. They were designed by Lewis E Newton, of 370 Union Street nearby. The window enframements of the upper two stories and the roof cornices suggest French influence. The first and second floors have . been altered for commercial use serving the neighborhood. (The houses on the southern half of the blockfront toward Union Street, en both the east and west sides of Seventh Avenue, are outside the Historic District .)

-12- PS-HE

In the last decade of the 19th century, Eighth Avenue and Prospect Park !"Jest vied with each other 2.n the grandeur of their houses and in the prestige of their residents. The iuiportance of ELghth Avenue was reinforced by the building of the I4ontauk Club in the early 1890s at the corner of Lincoln Place. Mghth Avenue is a lovely tree-lined thoroughfare running from north to south, except for a sli<,ht change of direction at Carroll Street. In scale the buildings are lar,ger thm those on the side streets. There is considerable variety in the residential rows and, most particularly, in the individual town houses. The northern part of the avenue is still notable for several fine old mansions, in spite of the replacement of several with spacious Grounds by 20th century apartment houses. These large modern apartment houses indicate, nonetheless, the continued vitality of hrk Slope as a residential area into the 20th century. hng the outstanding architects whose work is represented along Eighth Avenue are C. P. H. Gilbert, Francis H. Kimball, Heme .% Huberty, Hontrose I.J. Morris and the Parfitt Brothers.

h%i.le some regret.table alterations hare been made along the avenue, it still retains to a remrkabLe degree its late 19th and early 29th century flavor. ;mong latter-day cianges have been the replacement of stoops by basement entrances, the smooth-stuccoing of facades, requiring the rmoval of mndow enfraements and decorative ornament, and the replacement of ornamental roof cornices by plain maso~iryparapets. k most inappropriate garage has been construc:cted, replacing the garden north of a fiiie neo-Federal corner house.

EIGHTH AVENUE Between St. John's Place & Lincoln Place

?!XIST SIDE (Nos. 7-25)

Nos. 7-15. The rear lclts of the handsoue residences at Nos. 5-11 Plaza Street are included in the tkstoric District.

Ab. 17. This is m empty lot adjacent to and lying just north of the Montauk Club.

bs. 19-25. A truly remarkable expression of the %cia1 forces at work at the end of the 19th century is the Iulontauk Club, incorporated March ll, 1889. Ground vas broken for the structure on October 2, l8E9 and a gala opening reception was held on May 23, 1891. With its elaborate decoration, it is an architectural treasure on the Siope. It is one of the few surviving Brooklyn private clubs, which once abounded. The affluence of its founders and the imporL- ance of its members are manifested in the architectural expression of this Venetian Gothic palazzo.

The tbntauk Club was designed by Francis H. Ximball (1845-1919), a prominent architect of churches, theatres and office buildings in Manhattan and hanuel Baptist Church in tie Clinton Hill section of Brooklyn. As a young man, Kimball had been engaged in 1875 to supervise the construction of Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, designed by the English architect William Burges. Kimball had spent several months in London, studying noted examples of Gothic and Victorian Gothic ;~rcliitecture. In those days, Ruskin's Stones of Vemce, published in 1851, WAS still re,d by youni; architects and interested laymen. lhile the Montauk CLub was clearly inspired by the 1-ate Gothic style of Venetian palaces built in the early Renaissance period -- notably the 15th century Ca d'0ro cn the Grand Canal -- it is mt a slavish copy of any particular one. The architect has endowed it with its own intrinsically bold character and, in theme and splendor, it is a reflection of the spirit and pri+ of it.- owners.

-13- PS-HI)

EIGHTH AVEEUE Between St. John's Place & Lincoln Place

k wealth of extravagant, detail is displayed on three sides of tMs fine building. The north side is unadorned, leaving the wall free for future additions. The sensitive blendiig of a variety of building materials -- brownstone, a tawny-colored brick and a reddish-brown brick - produces a warmgolden Color. The innovative use of terra cotta during the last part of the 19th century made it both practical and econoIlucal to produce the mst intricate ornamentation, its virtue beire flexibility in color and form. The masoii in charge of this superbly constructed edifice was Charles T. l.iills of New York City.

One ol" the rmst striking aspects of the design of the iiontauk Club is the deliberate contrast of solids and voids. The traceried openires are massed to the right of the entrance on the E;ighth i!venue side, where the main entrance is located, as part of an asymmetrical conposition. These openings are an introduction to the equally elaborate traceried fenestration of the south and east facades, which are more symnetrical. Many mndows on the Eighth Avenue side are grouped at the third and fourth stories bringing abundant light into the mterior, but they also give an airy effect to the upper portion of this elevation.

The separate ladies' entrance to the left of the e~ranceto the left of the pain entrance is an historical. curiosity today. The Nontauk Club was one of the first men's clubs to -%end the use of its facilities to women. Through this entrance, ladies could ascend to the dining room floor without traversing the main lobby. The square-headed main entrdnce is ornamented 2.t the top with a carved stone band of imerican Indian heads. I,bove this, at the second floor, is a round-arched window sei in a panel oi' terra cotta ornament. In the spandrels classically in+ired trophies bea- ihen installed, this frieze became a miitter of controversy, &sassed in Brooklyn Life of September 20, 1890. The pointed-arch windQws are all set in deep reveds with columns between them, adding an interesting du.iension. At the second floor Got!lic arches, with quatrefoils above them, screen leaded-glass mndows. The tile roof and dormers are hipped.

An impressive view of' the riontauk Club is from the east side of Plaza Street, opposite the end of LincoLn Place, where the full inpact of its Venetian Gothic architecture is most apparent. From this point, one can see two superb facades contrasting in forin ad arrangement. The projecting rectangular bay at the first floor of the Lincoln Place facade has a series of windows recessed behnd Gothic arches supported by slender columns, conveyrng the impression of a loggia. The shadowy effect of a loggia is created in part by the overhanging second floor balcony above it supported on handsome lion-head brackets. This balcony has a true lo6,ia behind it, enhanced by a screen of ogival C-otbc arches supporting quatrefoils and resting on columns decorated path a basketweave pattern. The capitals feature Aiierican Indlan rmsks on all four sides, and here and there in the spandrels dre chaxnng reliefs of small animals: chickadees, bats, owls ad othar emples of iaerican flora and fauna. Above the second floor balcony is an historical panel illustrating the inscription: "1659 biyandance Sachame of Pauanack, his wife and his son ;,iankabone giving a deed to Lon Cardiner of Saybrook, Zasthampton, Long Island, July 14, 1659". The history of the riontauk Lqeians is rafiarkably depicted in the continuous narrative frieze w;;ich runs around the three principal facades above the third story.

Alsc seen from this vantage point is the dramatic curved two-story bay on the Plaza Street side which creates a balcony for the third story dining TOOIT. The same general pattern is seen here in the fenestration. Qne gets the full effect of the soaring chimney stacks, copper dormers, and steep tile roof with American eagles crowning the summit. An important element in the overall design is the magnificent cast iron railing enclosing the property. It is stepped on the Lincoln Place side in keeping with the downward slope of the street. The square posts have American Indian heads in bas-relief and are linked by a series of small arches. At the corners are winged lions rampant liolding shields with the cipher of the ?fontauk Club.

Architecturaliy the Montauk Club is unique in the City. It is a remarkable arnal&am of Eurvpan tradition combined with ornamrnt based on Amcricxn Indian themes. -14- "C-t'l)

Nrs. D nnc? 10 EiThth 'ivcnuc at the cnrner of St. Jnhn's Place sr? ? ?air nf hrvmstnne resi lenccs, imiressivc in their unity an:' heiqht, which lominates the nei-hlvrinc ri.whnuses. The houses were built in 1891-92 t!csi?nesa in the Cqnnnesque qcvivnl style by Lrmklyn srchitect Jchn Mfcr.!, ?f 16 Court Street, f-r Philin J. Dwyer who liver' nearby in .Prr,swct lieichts. Ehrtin'8 Lec, the %velnprs nf inst nf Garfielc; Dlnce 5etwcen psv .;lt - 2r.d :.:*2:,t:. -~VZ!X-~ were the carenter-cmtrnctnrs. These hcuses have cmvc.! stmc m+lec' ,!clmers crrvme-? with fininls set :it the ends n€ the steer slatc rvf, which h:.s scr-llc-: c??inn stmes nt c?ch cnc!. The ,'!nrncrs ?.re flmkc.1 hy cnwncl sh?.fts csrrier! ,~n,!cc?rntivc corbcls. ?he co1on:iuded lo-ie, x+ %he firrt Cloor, connects tvo st-ry h9.y winh!vs 'Jcneath thc en.! @lcs. 'he Faire! ccntr-1 entrmccs .?re just telnw Sic'cwalk lcvel. i!qrizcntnl "rnmstmt: Fen:'cwrses relztc thc hrick si.'c wall qn St. Jnhn's rlnce t'! the zvenue frnnt.

b!ns. 12-1: wcre built in 1"30 by nwner-buil'cr 1'Jillim Guhbins, one r,f the enliest %veln?ers nq this scction -f tho Slc3c. They werc desimed I-y xrchitcct J. J. Silliyn, wh- liver' nt 32 Park Tl-~ccin the District. Guhbins Inter move,' intp 11s. 14 hinsolf. These thrcc-an-I-a-half stxy houses are aivnifie? Pzmanesque Ycvivnl twwnstnncs. qost nqt3hle for the unity create' by Rn interestinp treatrlent of the fascia beneath the r~fcnrnice. here, sw.11 rectnnoular windgTws Ere sct between h?riznntnlly-nrn-ve:' Tmels. A11 the hnuses have three-si.k<, full-heinht m;is?nrv beys m-' ?Ire annrnache? ky L-shme4 stnops. The Joorwnys of Ncs. 12 and 14 nrc squzre-hcpled with full entn'>latures, whereas thqse Zt Yqs. 16 an' 12 h3.w kmanesquc Revival nrches rt-stinn cn nairs of dwmf cslumns. Zt PI?. 16 the mrlnr fl-v wind-ws hme stnnz trmson 5nrs beneath stained ?lass trepsrns.

The enrliest rcw houses in this blmkfrnnt are the Four nm-Grcc Prmstmes et Nos. 20-26, huilt in 1W3 by owner-architect 17511inrn Fl?.nczn.n, xt early develwcr an the Slo-x, whn lived at G6 Pcrkoley rlxe, just west qf the 9istrict. These wi& hwses, with three-sirl.e$l t7.y~ risinn fmr full stories a*-ve hi-h basepcnts, are finc ox?xylcs of thc nc--Grec style. The nr-minent rn+ cwnices wrrie.2 m grnwet! hrockots with ? vertic?.lly nrnnvec! f?scin hctween them, ?r?vi.!e a ricturesquc silhouette 27r.inst thc sky. Yi,?c stonys, with nco-Grec newel ?nsts nt W. 2/, lea-! tn the cl?hwntc entrsnces still cr^,wnews ?f the uyer flnnrs ?re unifie:' vcrticclly by the panels henc-.th thcnl. ?. varicty rf ne--Grcc nrnmlent cnbellishcs these fine residenccs. :'illizr Cq-nor wqs %ycr rf New York when he livc' l.t ?In. 20. !?e die.! in office in 1313. Ns. 22 wns the rcsiAcnce or ?ichxr;l Hy:!c, r ?rroklyn theatre owner in-' mmaner, wrtner cf Louis C. Lehmen qf Hy:e 6 3chm.an. !do. 26 ha stmc auqins sirmTlizin7 thc Lincoln 7ln.co cnrncr (sce E!rgs. 2p1-251 Lincnln rlnce) .

EIGfTH ?VENUE rctween Lincc-In ?lace & ?.erkclcy ?ll?cc

FJ'X SIDE (Y?S 27-45)

Ws. 27-37 (Nn. 35 h?s !,ten nnitte:! from thc street nu?'-eriny systcn) . These givc hnuses werc built in I?": ?.n?n.! c?csirr.oc? ly the neivhbrhcn-; rrchitect Charles 'Yorner, who resile:: nt 50 Eterlino ! lace jast nutsi'e the District. "icrner wns q. versetile zrchitect, nuch in (!cmnn? in hrk Slq~c. The %mer- builder YYS "fillim Gul-bins, whq at that time live! zt 20 Fcvcnth Avenuc. Stylisticzlly thcy ?.?re tr?nanesque Rcvivnl mr'. mcssive in scale. Pn the Lincoln 'lace @!n. 25?) side qf the cqrner hquse, WI. 27, the sip-licity of re! brick yrnvi.'cs a ?le-snnt fqil err the richly >ct?iler' fr?cg..::c .f the ~41mt~mk CIuF nyysite it. b.n cl.-torste ~aFlc!tr?: stqry ,>nthe F.i,-th Avenue si!C

- 15- PS-HI, '0 EIWTF! AVENUE Eetwecn Lincoln I'l-.cc E 'erkeley ;'lP.ce lsives s-ecinl inportonce to this c3rncr hnuse. In ccntrast, the cther houses in this r"w hwe lnwer hcrizmtal rcof cornices with snlall attic windcws set in the fascin hcncath the cornice, excqt at No. 33, where the attic h9.s been rr?isc4 tn n full stnry. The materizls, Sucli-' stnne, brnwnstme, an6 re(' brick lend consiS.erable variety to the mw. Exce?t fnr thc cnrner ani1 end houses, the other three are basicdly of the same Lesicn. It the hed of the L-shzper! stoqys me ,!-r.rwnys with arches su;pxtt?? hy -?in of 'w-.T~ celums flmkinp hanr'some Louhle ?ems. Stone transm har6 -!iviJe the -?rlPr 41-r $.rinr??ws. The arch cf the entrance is reFep.tec! at thc secqnr! story winhw ahove it. Yo. 37, althowh built es part nf this Vrrup, is quite c?ifferent. In ccntrast ta the two-story, throe-sided bay cnmw tr the other four huildinns, it hzs a shnl low, flush-frcntez masonry kny extenk!in? full heiqht znr' nnirer: archcd win,:nws. A broar: horizcntal ban !cmrse exten(1s ?.crqss the buil,!inp, restin- Pn a yir cf cnnsole hrnckets clver the nrchd ?nr.rway. C~rvcc! detail with cherub heeds forns a L-znc! of mncmcnt beneath thc parlor flonr vindcws.

The next four houses, \Ins. 39-43, were ylznnc:! late in lC?2 !sy nwner- architcct J. Dr,herty E Scn, the

puilt lxtwcen 10r2 r?n3 1735, Nns. .'!iinL' 49 (N-. ($7 h-s I,cen oaitter! frcn the street numberin2 systen) ?rc :!.istinqiishe~' hy hioh French 5ccon:l Ennirc mensar-!. rocfs. Excent f.x the removal of its stvr, Ns. retnins much ,F its oriqinal ap7cernnce. The dccorntivc !etnil ,I enre?"' winc!nw lintcls, incise.' ccrvincls nnc! shell ornmcnt,is ty?ically nco-Grec. An interestinn tcuch is the use cf feceted pancls uni'cr the p3rlnr f1qr.r win4-ws .rh:ck 3o12erty also use:! on NT~,44 across thc street. N?. 53, the ccrncr nnuse, retains a lacy irm crestin0 which srnwns the mansnr;' r--f. %?ins ,!efine the corners cf :Both houses, in the French trnditim. On the ';orkcley ?lace siele (No. 253), the re.? brick faca!e features i? centr7.1 twq-stnry, three-sik! hay.

VEST SIDE (!'ICs. 2;-50)

This blxkfrnnt cf 1""1-"2 ws lnrozly .'cvcl,-,;reP F.y wncr-architect-builFcr J. Dcherty, of 230 Flnttush ,?venue. In Cnnti?St t- the blnckfrmt tn the north, ?wilt A few years intcr, thcsc hmscs -.I1 hnvo flush fr-nts, exce!it Nn. 44 which h-s n chnmin- tm-stnry shcetmcntal -riel. @"ins Lefinc the encls Pf the blnckfr. nt.

ps. 2; 32. The c ,mer hwsc, !:-. 2', the first hwsc >S this fine nco- Grec rqw qf lrCl, retnins 1. hnn!s4mc rusticcto:' t,?.semcnt wlth nchd winc'cws an%!its hei-ht nrivii!cs ?.n cffectivc tcmin?tion f-r the lnwcr aJjnininn row. P1-s. 39-33 (Nc. 36 hns ':ccn onittc6 frw the street nulnl crin-r systcm) nrc crnimcrl by a hnnJsonc wrw7ht ircn rcnf crestinn atf'vc the uniform cc-rnicc line. The hnuSeS ?.re listinqishei' hy a --,?rltil of r!po-I:rcc ornn:;ent 311 tr C.L.?enC? of fenestrg-tim strikinr in its revlcrity. I-icrizcntP.1 !-mds nf stylizad ernmcnt zt the hascrlent fnrm 2 unifyin- nccent. 119. 32 retnins its nri-inal stnci-, with cqst irnn 1-?lustere4 hnn.!rqilinos nnc! newel ?osts.

?In. 10, a dirnifie:! "xmr\le ?f tho nec,- Grcc, is the wcrk :f tmzi Fill, ,-n architect who WTS very nctive in the 3evclnyxxt of thc Ctuyves?nt Fei-ht S Historic District. It w-s Iuilt in l'21 f-r Jzms Cevcrid-c of rr,>klyn ani: 0 js hi-hsr 3n.l wi&r than its nei,yhkc:rs tc the north. The frnnt >-nilis .?.-C:r;.:

-1.6- m-PS

-FTGET!I AVEhZrE Eetween Lincoln Pl3ce E 2erkGlcy '-'lace

on each side by quciins. The roof cornice of this brownstone residence is exceptionally rich in dei:ail. Thc wide arched window, rctained at the parlor floor. was originally the entrancc. It has an elegant, turn-of-the-century wrought iron grille in the transom in character with the glass and iron doors installed in the ncw bqsement entrance. The windows above the original entrance are unusually wide for the period of the 1880s.

Nos. 44-50 (so. 48 has been omitted from the street numbering system). NO. 44 preserves best the original appearance of a three-housc row (44-50) built by owner-architect J. Doherty 6 Son in 1851-82. All the houscs rctain their original slate mznsard roofs and c'ormers. No. 44 has typically neo-Grec ornament at the dmr and window cnframemcnts with incised decoration, angular brackets, and extensix use of the shell motif ir the lintels, A two-story oriel of seeninllrly later dete displays classical detail with swags, dentils, and egg and dart moldings. The cast iron handrniling nf the stoop, with its square sectioned-balusters and newel posts, is the sme that Doherty used at No. 32. Nos. 46 and 50 now comprise tne Ardwell Apartments.

EIGHTH AVEVJE Betwoen Berkeley Place 4 Union Street

EAST SIDE (NOS. 51-71)

Seven of the nine houses on this blcckfront were built by 'qillim Gubbins. with Charles prerner acting as his architect. The five-house row at Nos. 51-61 was built in 1886. These tall brownstones with high stoops arc basically neo- Grcc with same Romanesque Revival detail. The prominent repetitive feature is the full-height, three-sided bay forming an angular silhouette zEainst the sky. Below the roqf cornicc, set in the fascia. are small attic windows flanked by pilasters. An unusuzl ferture, simi1.w to the Gubbins-Werner rcw across the street,is the rithcr shallow entrnnce porch consisting of an extended cvnice slab resting on vertical console brackets which are supported by columns. These cnlumns and the pilasters of the parlor floor bay windows have crisply carvcd Romanesque Revival capitsls. Under the windowsills of the bay ?.re veried foliate decorations. ; 3rizinally there were small balconies over the ccrnice slabs, still rctainec! at Yr?. 61.

;3~.. 63 TIIL' 65 are r! ;nir of i:;7Osinr! fnrtr-stor)r-br~iunst~ncs,ltuilt in 1887, which are hioher th?n the ntljaccnt Gubbins-pJernor hnuscs . They arc? stylistically sir>ilnr to Nos. 51-61, a1 thou:yh consi:lcrfl.bly more ornate. bsc-ient entrances i Iinvc been :rovi(!e(: just below street lcvel.

Ihs. 69 ant] 71 are tk'n very innressivc lipestonr townhouses with brown- : stone b-isemcnt walls. They are 7. full four stories nbwe hi7h basc-ents and were built in 1895-96 hy local owncr-huilller t!illim Flvtn?in. They arc Tend cxav!blcs of the neo-Classical stylc of tho 189Os, best seen in the foliate , ornament with hman nasks nbove the ;nrlor floor rinlows. Tlw Union Street side: of No. 71 prcscnts an intcrcstinl:, copylctely synetrical face in li?ht buff- colored brick. A sii?llow cuntr?l hxy hps triple wincinws, se3nrptel! by cnlumns at thc :Jarlor floor ant1 ::rnuw: un(ler n cnmrwn enfrmcnent nt the sccon:!. Tire transition fron this frme to thc narrower yair of thin: floor winiiows is rd.e by 2 cnrvcci stmc innel with scrollet?l(iinqat each floor.

.'EST SIDE (Nos. 52-72)

,it the cnrner of' Bcrkcley Placc is an outstnn~lin(;rtnnsion, iins. 52-54, built in 1886 fcr I'cnry E. Bc,rpe!in, a jeweler, with offices at 24 Vaidcn Lane ir! :Jew York City. (continued on next page)

-17- His Mew Ycrk architect, F. Carlcs '"brry, incorosratcf! elements TF the meen hnc in this mansion which in its mssiny: an? fw?, is basically a Ron-tnesque Revival builJin2. !ie was als2 the architect of No. 240 Berkclcy Plxe adjacent to the Bevelin house. This rnmsimn was originally \lo. 52 Eirjhth Avenue. but as a result of n Christnns tree fiie which caused serizus darnayc, it 1~3slivi.!ed ir. 1914 by 1'~illinm.Fl,?nnq,?n into two residences (Nos. 52 xu! 54), with seprate entrances of clnssical design nt the bnsement. Qricinnlly it had n centrzl entrrince with 7 stqop sweepin? ur, to the front ,!oorwny. It displays In intercstin? v-.ricty cf buildinR materinls- Euclid stone at the basement mi parlor floor, rec! brick at the upper twr strries, terra cnttn rznnrlent, an(: red Spanish tile at the rcpf. The excellent maswry was the work of James Ashfielt! E Son, Brnrklyn. Zt the corner o curved bny rises frm the bRsement to the roofs. Each story is 2efincd by a :liffercnt texturc or ilesiqn: nt thc bnscnent level the Euclid stem is laid in rough-face3 rnndon ashlqr; above the parlor flcor vin2p-ws the s.me stonc forms q. checkcrbwrc! ?attern* ab\we the next floor is a wi4e brick band of din3onal stu!:ling. This corner bay is tc?pel with z truncatec!, cone-shaped tile rmf. In contrnst to the treztment c>f the corner, thc Eichth Avenue sic!e is (!ominate4 by i. nulti-sile? bay risinn two stories nbove the bascment. kbove the delicntely ornmente: terra cgttn cornice of this bay is a balustrade of Icnic dwarf columns. Thc Berkeley Place sidc of the buililincr is R well-exccuted conposition, dominntcf! by the prezt chimney stack of mnlde.1 brick and the curve? bay surmounte? by 9. seni-circulzr, triple winA?w. The curvilinear wrouyht iron work of the winclnw ,war('s ,it the hasemcnt and cf the 3nw yar? railino is of exce-tional intcrest. The msnsinn now serves as R smnll apartment housc.

Nos. 56-62 are thrqe nco-Grec brownstme houses built in 1855 by owner- builc'er blilliain Gubbins anel dcsimex! by Charlcs rlerner. They are almost identical with th&r hcuses acrcss the street (dcscritcd under Nrs. 51-61 Eii:hth Avenue], excqt that these houses retain the bnlustra,kd balconies Ebove the c!oorways. No. 56 retains its cri!:inal cnst iron hnnkiilings nt the stc:?? an,? its yw3. rail- inrs.

Nos. 64 3rd 66. This innwificent pair pf 1-tc Rnnanesquc qevival tnwnhouses, built in 1889 for Stephcn Underhill, WBS the work r,f the Brcokip -rchitectural, firm 3f the Parfitt Brcthers. Thc architects JisplnyeJ thcir usual skill in ' 2esi:p 2nd sensitivity in the hmr'lin- of materiils. ?,lthouc.h No. 61 is cnly 19 feet widc ,znl Nq. 66 is 23 fect wiale, one is not .?ware vf this :!iffercnce due to the masterful hand1in.l of the nrnyrtions ancl fenestrntim o€ exh buildinz.: The houses 3rc built of Puclid stvc and granite. The facinr fw the tc)p twc : stari5s m6\gzbles is rough-feccL1 random sshlar. The 5cld character nf the stonework ?rovi,!es an effectivc fail fc)r the klicntc quality ryf the Imwtifu'ully carbe? nrnamcnt. %her unusual fcntures ?re the ?f>lishc-! nranite columns with 3 Rnmnnescpc Rcvivql C3FitRlS botwccn the windows it tho top st-ry, thc L-shzyed ' stmys with their carved nosts an

No. 70-72. This lars.' corner nmsipn at Uniin Street, built in 1887, ,i com;?lements thc mr?nsi?n at the 3crkelcy ?lace cnrner cE this !.lxkfront. It was. ?uilt for ?lrs. M. V. PhilliFs, whr. mnvec! t" this a??ress frm: 251 Wshinrrton Avenue in Clintm Hill. The architect w9.s L. C. Eclclen of New Ynrk City. ?n i imFcsiny structure, such ns this, WBS nften intencle.' tn he free-stnnSin-, surrounded by spacious ;rnunCs. Thc buildinr; is interestinc frnn my mcle nnc! furnishes n stwly in the mnssin: nf the Romanesque Revival style moc'ific.1 I,y some picturesque !etails Di the %ten ilnnc. 7f particular ncte me thc Jacihnn &le on the Union Street sidc, with the brickwilrksi =?lizin-thc chimney flucs. The picturesque cerner turret has R wicle ban< of stulde:! Prick, renente:'. nt the frmt -m the lwyc pahle ahwe the c!ormer windcws. The tower hes terra cotta sunflower ynels mi: n snub-nosed roof. Term cntta crestin7 cr?ims thc ridrcs r.f the slate rmf. Thewi ';--rChc' stnnc entrance h?-s ni?w hxn fille3 in tr receive a singlc d-or. In the years fJf the Depressinn, hnuscs OF this sizc wcrc nften ccnvcrtcJ to institutional use, 2nd this one becme n F.ri,Jqe club nnr! restaurant e in the cnrly 1930s.

-1u- 3IGMTH AVEXX Between Union & President Streets

EBST SIDE ( XOS. 73-93)

Sos. 73-83 (No. 79 ha:; been omitted fmn tha strcet numbering system). The first five houses on this ttlockfmnt were designed by the Brooklyn architect Nagnus Dahlander for builder W. L. Dowling who erected then in 1892-93. These robust broxnstones are deeply set back from the street with wide L-shaped stoops and rough-faced basements.

The corner house, NO. 73, is strongly defined with a curved corner bay marking the transition from the front to the Union Street side,i:hich is dominated by 3. bowed central bqf. Contrasting cua-ry and smooth-faced stone bands give the side elevdtion considerable vigor. A great deal of care has also given to the design and texture of the c3rner bdy, alternating smooth-faced i~asonrywith the rusticated bdse, a wide band of foliate carving rnth masks, simulated balconies fom.ed by en;aged balusters, and the richly ornamented cornice. In Ibs. 75 and $1, two sidL:r houses, the same contrasts have been worked out in the masonry including the decorated panels at the parlor floor windows. Shallow oriels, three .windows hide ad extending up tlrough the secolid ard third stories, ere supported on elaborately carved corbels. The center nouse, 1f0. 77 , is handsome in its simplicity and has a shallow, three-story curved bay. Refi ;ed ornuitental moldings enframe the uii?dows and door 3t the parlor floor. Its role as the center house cf tha row is enphasized by the use of arched vnndows at the top story. They are served by the top of the bas? as a balcoqy hiith a loir cast iron railing. Ik. 83, tine end house of the mw, mkes a successful transition to the earlier row of houses to tha mouth. It is different in design fmm tho roil of whic!i it is a part, but is skillfully related to it by means of an identical roof cornice. The door- vay hds a vertical elegance, mth cornice shb resting on eloryLted brackets supported on slender columns. Here, the doorway was designed to hennoruze with the adjoinmg earlier houses, in contrust to Cos. 73-81, where the doon,ays are an unobtrusive part of the faaides.

Nos. 85-93 (No. E9 has been ormLted from the street numbering systenl. These four houses, slightly tallai- than the neighboring row, were built by Nilliam Gubbins in 1883. Thg were designed by Brcoklyn architect Cherles !:'erner and are French neo-Grec in styli: with fbll-height, two-sided bzys and stoops. This is the only place two-sided bays appear on Eighth iivenue mthin the District. h unusual feature is the battered wall panel beneath the second and third story mndows of the bays. Above the cornice slab of the doorway, llerner originally used a solid perapet wall with ball finials, preserved at two of the houses. These houses are crorined by unusua ly handsome rood roof cornices with vertical spindles between the panels, .iI.OdUCln& a staccato effect in contrast to the snoother classical coi-mces to the north, (continued on next page>

-19- EIGIRTH_- AVEWX Between iTnion & President Streets

IWT SIDE (Nos. 78-90)

The blockfront between Union and President. Streets is occupied entirely by two large apartment hocrses, Nos. 76 and 90, both built in the 1920s.

No. 78 occupies the site of the imposing mansion built for John Rogers Maxwell, the senior member of Hmrell & Graves, bankers and brokers, and the president of the Atlas bortland Cement Company. The house, denolished in 1922, had its own stable which still stands at No. 860 Union Street. No. 78, built in 1928, is a six-story apartment house of red tapestry brick with terra cotta ornament. The architects, Sugaman & Rergey, icere inspired by the Tudor tradition. mical. of this style are the central bay window flanked by knights in armr, Set in niches ahve the Tudor-style arched doorway, and the crenellations and gables vith finials at the roof, Nost of the detail is concentrated in the ceatrd bay over the deeply recessed entrance.

No. 90 was designed in 1927 bjr the architectural firm of Suga-man &! Berger of New Yorlc and construction was begun the folbving year. The ground floor, or base, is of limestone ashlar, with buff-colored brick above and terra cotta ornament. The terra mtt2 design elements are concentrated at the second and third floors and at the top two stories. These elements consist of terra cotb eriranenents, tying two floors of windows together vertically 6t both top and bottom, and the panels and arches which enbellish the parapet above the top floor windows.

EIGHTH AVENUE Between hesident & Carroll Streets

EAST SIDE (Kos. 97-119)

Fortunately this blockfror;t remains intact, as it contains =me of the nost notable houses on Eighth Averme+ ‘

Lb. 101 (97-101) was built in 1909 for John W. Weber, President of the Ulmer Brewing Compan,y, and was designed by the Brooklyn architect-ural firm of Daus & Otto. It is d wide rectangular corner house, approached by a low stoop, and is an interesting example of the neo-Georgian style. There is an imposing quality in the perfectly symmetrical character of bth the avenue and screet sides. The low basement of limestone is crowned by a continuous classical iJave rcotif molding with bands of fascia below it. A dignified and handsomely detailed entablature at the roof offers a pleasant contrast to the wide-jointed, Fleilush bond brickwork. Above the mof cornice there is a balustrade with panels. The WiRdowsills and keystones are all of limestone and the corbel blocks beneath the first floor windowsills display guttae. The central doorway has fluted Doric columns supporting an entablature and 1s -flanked by windows tii;ich have blind arches of limrsto2e with carved swags. The small front and side yards are enclosed by a wrought irGn fence with granite posts, and 2. wrought iron marquee appears above the front entrance. The building is ~KII.~the home of the Unity Club, which aoved here in 1944 from the former Union League Club on Grant bqiare.

No. 105 (103-107), a mrble mansion mrthy of Fifth ‘ivenue, vas built in 19i2 for M. and J. Tracy fmn plans bg Frank J. ilelme, a member of the firm rfhich hed previously designed the Soathouse on the Lullvater and the Ternis Pavillion in Prospect Park, as well as innumerable banks. The Tracy f.?..mly %!as engaged in liehteTage ip. Neir York harbor. This building is the most notable exaiple of a neo-Classical townhouse in the District. It is a wide, symetrical house with an inposing, curved central bay resembling a txo-story portico. Foilr fluted, nodified Corinthian columns support the entablature,uhicR has E? hmdsome frieze unth cco6iliions, metopes snd triglyphs. The wall plane behind the centrzl bay is eiegxitly rusticated ;It the first two stories, extendix up to the intermediate handsome cornice, which forrris the Sills of the third stoxy irindcws.

-2c- .ZF.ove this th,: st?nerrrrk is smrth-Cncc,?, cwtrpstiny with tho rich frieze of the rsof cornice. Cm;.lstinz this eleTant cnvl??siticm is r? l:?lustrn%!e with yncls. aainncin- the central. arch of the .'nPrw?.y with its c?ns<:le keystcnc, the flankin.: parlor f1z.n- windr,ws arc recessc,! in shxllrw erches mi' arc crwiw..! by triznqdnr -cL!inonts. The m7.h mtranca hzs 3 y.ir 7-f 5rr.nze m,l ?lass c!oprs, with arche? tr?.nsv ?!mvc. They :!re of exce;itinnnlly =inc qu?lity. ' wrnurht irm fence xith y:T.tCs encl-ses the frmt --.r'on.

)!e. 109.- This krnwnston.:: was hilt in 1887 frr %nry Irwin. It ww r!csi-ne4 hy Ironklyn nrchitccl. J. C. G1:Svcr an? is an imFcsincr hws:: in thc Queen ?nne nnnnor. 2 curve; tw-storv !:ay, tcrminntc-! nt the thirc! fl-r by 2 trinle win!w, is crwne.! y a hinh sheetwtal yc'iment carriel! cn hrwkets. This ropular buil(!ing rnatcrinl WBS els:: uso! fcr the unusual rncr cnrnice, behind. the ;.cdiment, which simulates c? 'inlustrac!e. Sr?.?ll lifihts in thc up-cr snsh nf thc win,!rws, R hn.llmnrk .;E the r9een lnnc style, arc intl.ct it the uyer stqries. The ,!n-rwny and hirh L-shape ! ston7 are Rrrmcnesque Roviv,?l in character. Elnnqate:!, sweenin: cwseles with %een Iaiine sunbursts rest -a il.-,;lsnasquc 2evivnl r!warf cclumns nt thc rlnorway, an interestin' CXVP~C of the neryini: :,f two c+existent styles.

No. 111 wns arecte? in 1892 fnr F. J. Finch nn! wns ilcsinned ?.y Brwklyn nrchitcct J. D. Reynolds. '4r. Finch rngwed herc frnn 896 ilninn Ptrcct in the District. This Xomanesq~~lcvivnl limestme rcsic'ence, the hicrhest in the iilnck- frtnt, lis?lays a wcnlth qf c!.ec-rntivc $letail. It is a stmly in werwinhw trext- ments, varying from l'lsor to flow-. In thc full-hciyht ?r-jcctinv Sly, between blind, stmc-7nnele? trnnsms, ,ir3 yrnunc.4 dwnrf cclums nt thc wrlm flenr. :\t the seem.' fl?pr, a sin;.le e??-nn1-<*nrt q-lTinn ,'ofines thc hc?ds, while thc twc top stcries have 2. c~rvcltrianvinr pedinent nt the thirt F1n-r mI, at the ty flwr, 3 pir rf pilasters sui3wrtinq 7. sinpic cntnhliture. lit thc sccon2 flrpr, c?kws tha !nsencnt cntrzncc, i chcckerhxm~pnttern surrnun2s a strikinn mchc! winqnw. i. rich ?.an,: of ca.rvinm yr\eors '3enenth the secw?-stnry windnws !of the bxy.

!hs. 115-119 This imr'osiny mnsi-n at the cprncr CC C?rroll Street is very yssibiy thc finest ex;?n?lc of rcsi,leritinl nrchitccturc in the Rnmnnesque Revival style within thl: city. It wes built in 1388 an? ,*csi,ncJ ns R ~'wf~lehouse 5y the pminent architect C. P. f!. Gil')crt. Gilbert w.s t'lc mchitcct rf n-st ?f the , hwses cn Wvttrlxv.?ry Fliicc an(! cf mny Fifth Avenue mnnsicns in Manhattan. The hnuse W~Sconmissionof! ?,y Thm.?s ?:lnms, Jr., the invent,yr of the ii!ams Chiclets mtqrnxtic vsn !in7 mndiini., of nntimwir'c frrc. After thc 2l!nns Fnnily move? t? Rivcrsii!c Drive r?t tile turn rtf the century, the mnnsi?n was occuFie? fnr mmy ycnrs by i"Jvin L1qp.r Ivic, whn mrrioi! i! relntive rf F. :I. '"wlwnrth an:' serve8 fnr many years as a buycr an1 cfficcr *f F. ''7. '+h)lw~?rthCmyl-ny. He wns ;?lsc; n .'ircctor nF the Enst Grocklyn Saviny 2vk.

This truly renarhble mmsi-n has 2 t-icturesqilc missin? an(' bn12L yrcfile, with its ccomcr tower, Lcrlncrs nnl xsjcctiny! rnL:lo-r-ofe,! Fay. In thc .!ynmic trnditi-n nf 9ichnrJsmiin Rmancsqm nrchitecturu, C. P. !i. Gil5ert ~laycdthe elements zf onc olcvnti-n i:-iinst the rther. Tqc twn wtst?nr'ino survivors cf this trp.,!iti?n, in the District, me this i-esic!encc mf! the I!ulSert nnnsiw nn Prns?ect ?irk :!est. The ihl!,c.rt hcusi., ~lcsi~ns~bv Montrrse 1;. Wrris, is :milt nf livht yrey limcstonc;, wherc9.s the "Lmuas hwse is ?omini.tc,! 1.y wn17;. mrth t-ncs. Gil'\ert's han!liny: OF the nssonrjr -- torr? c-tta, snn'str-ne nn,: snlnm-colore2 brick -- is mstcrfuL. Snsrth Crnin trick pr?vi,'cs an effective tcxturpl cnntrast tn the r-dstiatcd Sr.wnstoi..e Laso.

The Eiziith ,'kvonue fncs !e, :'mixtel l-y the corner tqwcr, has 2 tw-stnry curve' 1:ny tn tho. left, cr'?-.rm.nc!with 9.n n--en-wr,rk ;:rick Tar-.-et. Set in the rusti- cytcl first finer, thc cntrmcc his 3.n mch with rw!-h-Czcc' vcuss-irs, nerfectly 1 nlmce' ''y '? win 'wtc the rirht which has thc smc arch. This Eiphth !,veme C~~T-IICStn the 4r)u~~1chwsc scrvcL1 the rcsi-'cncc r,F m-thcr wrl-er ,.F tho fl '-.Ts fmily. J+n DunFar !L:~PPS. 2 hiyx.1 >nrvr with trirlc win:lpws gl,~vcthe curve? t:ny ffscts snil hlnnccs thc :*win9.ncc nf the c-rncr tiwcr.

-21- H3-”S

Thrrc is ncar symwtry in the Cxrnll Street alcv?.ti?n, with enwph *?ifferencc tn nike ?n cxcitino ccnmsitiw exPrcsso1 in the suhtlc ‘iffcrence between thc en? towers nn’ the :.air cf .‘cmers. ,‘. r!nminmt ccntryl ?~ycrwnc1 by n w.l.1~stnnJs between the towers. Ccntcrc:! in this !my is thc nnin entrance, a:’-vc P. low stwn with swccrir.; win.-w-lls. Thc ,lecy Pyri-in entrrlncc vch, with swirlin- fnlintc c-win;, rests -m clusterci! .‘war; ccluins an1 is P. mnsternicce in itsclf. Cnm;rle- mentino the ,!i5-nifie14 entrmce is the trinle win?nw ?bwe it, enfrmerl F.y a wV.e hnn? utiliziny the sme swirlin? lcgf FRttcrn, an’ su’:?nrte? rn unusuzl cnlumns with b?skctwqrk c-itils. ?t thc thir.! flq-r, ?. vir nf h-.!win::ws

Xo. iOC is c? six-st-ry np?.rtm.cnt hwsz in buff-celorel brick, built in 1949-50. It reylnce,’ thc Lewis Luckenl ach Pnnsion, S,csinnci! by Yontrnse !7. !-!.!orris, which once stm! hcre in s?aci-us ‘qrounls. The Luckcnbechs wcrc in the ship?ir?? business, with yiers in ironklyn. In contrnst tc, the tall, ornitc ??artment house xross the street, this hil!inT is severely simFle, relyin.: for its , interest ?n its curve,: b~yswith ribb-n win4nws rithcr th?n on nny a-mlie4 architectur4 c!etail. It was Fuiit fnr the De Dreis Estates hy architect M. E. Unqarleider.

Tine cle7int ;.?.ir of limcstone tcwnhpuses at Nos. 106 nn.1 108 were hilt in 1900 by cwner-SuiL!er Louis Lwert, cf 4S7 Fwrth Street in the District. His architect was Thmns Gennett of Err-klyn. Like m-iny inycssivc resilences nn the iJFper East Sir’c of Flnnhattan at thc turn nf the century, these houses nttest t’: thc strenrth nf the Frexch Rcnnissznce tr&’iti-g nnl Bcnux Arts influcncc in this cwntry. i, wcnlth nf ;!eccr?tinn embellishes the fgcn’cs nf the three-stwy howec‘ Fronts, crr.hncC by 1:andscme !,alustr-.?es, cmtr?stinv with the simlc recessec-l rime of the fwrtk story, surnwntcl 1.y c-y>er cqrniccs with console brackets. Fest7me.I Par1nnlr.s flank the carver1 enteblntures cf the central entrqnces, which rise 1 few steps Zbnve the strect zn5 coqt?in h?n‘sone vlass Annrs with wrwqht iron grilles. The orxte qrnlity rf these yirlrnils is set off 5y the ele-ant simlicity nf the Franyis I lnzenxs in the yilisters cf the -irlor flnnr. ?anels with richly carveL{ emment Peneeth an’ p.ctwcen the win,!?ws rlrw the eye tn thc thir ! fl,,or.

113. 113. >, re2 1-rick ?.?_srtr?ont house of elcven stories, 3t the cnrner of C-rrTll Street, t-wcrs +eve thc surrwn‘inv twwnhouses Gewn in 1936 for the C;lrroll Eiyhth i-kldin,. C,x?nrnti$-m, it wzs .!esi-ne(l by M. E. Ilnnnrleic’er, the s,-me 2rchitcct 7.s i:o. 100. It WRS crcctemq on the site of the iar-e. im-psinv Sommeso,uc Xevivnl nmsiqn \!esi.:ne-’ by C. P. E. Gilixrt frr F. If. Hmm, a weelthy shoe n?nufacturcr. The ?resent l-uil!inq hns n sin-le stonc ?ovw,?y with -. “broken ’ ivliment 2nd urn in thc nen-Genrpi?n trnl!iticn. Steel cnsenent win,’cws, s? r.nyulnr with buililers in the 1S30s, ?re uscd thrcu?hout.

-22- E:\ST SIDF ($Ins. 123-135)

b!?. 1i3 (143-153) is n lnr-e fnur-stnry ?.;.zrtnent h-usc pccwyin- wer h-lf thc Llrckfrnnt. It was built in lrJ10-11 C;ccrnc E. Lqvutt ?n,' wns c'osirmel ?;y Vqntrcsc: 'J. Fkris. It has rd ?.n,' crezn-c?lnrec! brick with tern catta trin m! n rustico.te.! lincstcne first st.-ry, sinilar t~-Nrr. 10 Mnntc-mery Plzce nrnum! the c?rncr, 31s" built frm nlnns hy the sme architect. ?he first stcry is very Bczux Prts in feelin: with its central archz(! entrmce an: wi\ic--.rche ' louhle win,!rws, whjci: !:PVC curve.' trznsnm bcrs nn" circles qtove the]?. The winrlnws at the seccn.! 2.n ' thir.! stories, swarnter! by qrnmenterl ynels, me unifie.1 Fy cw.wn cnfreTe- ments with cmsoic kcystones 1.n' hgve wrnucht irm hnlccmics nt the sec-n,: st'ry. Crcm-crlnrccl ?:rick qu-ins sbove the ?rst story :!dine thc ends -5 the !wildin-. 1; continu--us ronf cprnice, dith -?ire' ccnsale hrzckets an%!nnc!illinns, lcnr's Ji-nity t- this buil+nc.

-23-

Thc Tcnple Hruse, No. 175 (ihs. 169-177), w?s kilt in 1326 m,' ,lesiTne,l by vchitccts 'Icrtiacr Freehnf m;' D2vi.l Levy. Cwstructed c-q -rc-c?st stone in a w'?rn rm-c cf buffs an' mays, this frur-stcry !juilL'inn is in effective fqil frr the stark i:r?nr!cur -If the synxrrue ?cr?ss the street. In its fcncstrsticn it is nen- 9wmcsque. Texturc is crentc:'. thrwqh thc usc ;.f spholic- nrnament at the ??.lcc- nics, winc'sws, Cwrs, nn! rxf yr?.;zt. The ? 2.Iccnics lend n?.!cJ .!eyth tn the rocessci cntr2nces Senc?th thm. Onc -f thc vst interestin- features, reflectin(- thi. 2rt :>cc~~style ~f the ]-*?riTr', is thc Eir-ure 3-f 'irTscs an.' thc T-F,lets of the T,-\', c-i-?i?siziny the cqrner ?f the yof ??r-wt. The -!eta1 ,-f the Gmfiei! Flees fin::: is ?lnc.st i.!onticql t-' tli,:t on Eiohth Avenuc.

N 's. 131 In.: 185. :.rchitc-ct '\l!vxt E. ?nrfitt, the y,vni-cst ?artner rf thc architncturel firn. 7arfitt Drnthcrs, IcsimeI thcse tw? resi.!cnccs fvthe J?hn 'si? C-rl;any. They ?re thrcc-st,>ry liicstonc hwses, !,uilt in 1502, No. 181 h?.s ?. full-heivht, tb.rcc-siZeJ misrnry bny rfferinn 7. controst tn the twn-si :e,' Flay "t pi,?. 133. The untrince ,lnnrw?ys Prc yirc' 1.n: 3rd -.-?ronchcl hy nfljrininr: 1-i~st-ws with 2 cirr~~lmwia--w?ll 1.ctwci.n thcrl. Thc ornment nf thcse hwses is -cli~r?.?lyne)-Clnssical. Sheetmct,l.l rvf c,-,rnices .'is:>lzy n flcr9.l motif Tit +. 131 cn4 n Srcek fret ri-tif nt I.:?. 183.

?iris. 174 an.; 175 nre ner-1cnaissancc liixst,'nc: rcsi(icnces built in 1303. hli-st -f the hnnllsznc cirvcJ ornemcnt is ccnccntrntcd. 21:-ve thc entrnnces an,' thc sinyly enfrmcd windows at the parlor flc:ors. The center Tarlnr flnx winrlw nf Nr.. 176 hzs n rcunf.! aed3llicn with ?. Imketwcnvc rnttern set rff Ly Inure1 branches. Dee;. ccrniccs, with R scrics of cmsclc hrxkets Over .lentils m! frieze, unify thc tm houses. N.2. 174 hcs n hell ;c-enclnsc:! "arJen rn the vnclmt crrner lnt et GmficLj mcc.

?Ps. 178-IC?. The next rpw (3f four :'mi,nesnuc Y.evivi1, br<>wnstonehwses were built in 1893 by nrchitoct-owner Fre-\crick J. Griswnl!, qf 497 First Street in the i-!istnric District. :le nlso built qther hnuscs in the District, inclu'inn N1-s. 288- 23': SnrfieL! rlacc an' h4wses QT! First Street -- 7-11 in the sme stylc. Incise,! scrril -!csi.ms in widc pnnels at thc t3j) st-ry, between arche.' win:'r.ws, ?re reninisccnt Of the eerlier ne?-Grec -)rnamnt. At czch house, the lnw w?ll of the balustrade, ahve thc seem' stnry bny winc!-.u, cinsists -f ;? scrics rf unrisuF1 ,?wvf columns with 'sl?ck-like 1-linths ~.n! c?ritals. in interestin2 it.!turc is the usc crf carvd YilRstcrs nt the u?;>er twr stories, lcfinina the 2-es nf these f:l.c?. !os. ikncnth the ornately carve! corbels rf the 51.y~ nre -'eel. brackets, su-nnrt -n three-quartcr encare.! cqlunns nt the Fm-1-r flvr. The archei! entrmces nre ?y~nchedby L-shapd stnry.

-25- Thc ?l?ckir-nt 5ctwcc.n First ?.n%' S~Cin-1 Streots is cvcnly ,!ivi'ci 5tre:q lilncst-nc mt! t-rwnstcnc Sr-nts.

PI-s. 1'26 EnJ. 138 four stvics h1.h >-lljf.VC kascncnts, wcrc built in 1F3S by ~\n?er-srcliitoct-:iuil.'cri'ctcr C-,llins, whc- live! nt 67 Clcm-mt :.vonuc in nei?r!.y F irt Grronc. Tha :!i;wifio,l lincstcnc. fr.-nts with thrcc-story mnsonry I,ays, 4isplp.y .in intercstin? juxt,q?p:sit:tm f clnssic:-.l ?nl hmncsque Rcvinl :mmimt. Nrt . 1% is cntircly clq-ssicnl ir. tts Ietnil. :',;yrcnc!ie.T I-,y m L-shwc ' st 70: with 1inr.s' heds, it has n :e-limntcl !rr,rwl.y with ccntrrtl cx-t-uche in the ent?.blcture, which is suyvrtec: on cr:n,jnle brnckets. The ncf cnrnicc nbve the fourth stmy win-!cws is unmx-1 in hnvinz clsssicr.1 rcsettcs bctween thc crnsnle brnckecs . ,At N?. 195 tho nrininzl :!~,~w.y,n?w n win!ow, hzs 3. ;\r~irient?.mnnesque zrch, car1 WI th fnliotc y-tttcrri, si-rin>:inc frnm Fairc! en-ncc,' cnlums. The vrl-lr fIwr bay wir.irw5 hsvc stone i.rnnsm hnrc ?n ! there ?re Rrmncsquc Revival arche.: win 'nws nt tho fnurth flxr.

Nns. 203-20: werc hilt in 1CT zs R rnw 1.;. wncr-nrchitcct 2ereni-h Gilli,,an -f 5?5 First Ftrset in thc Histrric District. It is eviftmt in theso h,-uscs tkt Gilii -r?n rexztc.: thc Jcsigns cf Cnllins' a.'jrinina pir. %as. 20(! nn' 206 c1ispl:y the clnssicnl letail c,f P.0. 196, while rln. 202 recalls the I?-n.mesrluc ef No. 15(:. The h-uscs me, hl'wevx, ':nc full story lvcr than Crllins' ?air. WS. 209 znl' 202 I-i-vo - very lcw ?.ttic fl.-r, nn,! F!r. 234 h-s il stecy: slate r-qf with tri-lc, *-c'.i- mcntc ,!-mer win'ku ?.!.!cJ in 1905. Pin intercstinr fenturc ;'.t I+->. 20,:, now critcrc,' nt thc tnsc~ent.is the rvnl ciinq-w within 9. richly 'cc-mte*' er?fro,wi--?nt -.t the socm ,: strry.

-26- PS-HD'

--EIGhTH AVENUE Between First & Second Streets

NOS. 206-216 (No. 210 has been omitted from the street numbering SySteD). JereIciah Gilligan built this row of neo-Henaissance brownstones in lSg4. 1%has tl.ro-story, curved masonry bays, of which two are constructed of limestone, an unusual feature. Attenuated, engaged cobnettes flank the two story bays. At the CCrner of Second Street, the row terrr;inates in a full-height bsy, v~tha Striking window epframement at the second story, crowned by a conical roof creating the effect of a tower. A variety of carved floral and animzl themes are interestingly introduced iato the ornament fron house to house. There is a delightful squirrel carved in the band below the sillcourse of the second story at >Io. 212.- The QoW~yS, +proached by L-shaped stoops, are sun.,ounted by panels flanked by ColOnettes With finials. The double doors at UO. 206 hzve beautifully carved Panels with bird motifs. At the second story, above the doorways, are high-siued windows Of a type often introduced at this period. The roof cornices have Classi- cal Swags unifying the row. NO. a6 Serves as the rectory of the Church of the Virgin hfa-ry across the street.

EIGHTH L.Lri?NJE Between Second & Third Streets

DST SIDE (Nos. 217-227)

The corner four-story apartment house, No. 217 Eighth Avenue, is entered at 582 Second Street, and is one of three siniiar apartment buildings erected in 1909 for Thoxas G. Carlin, Inc., of 297 Garfield. Place, and designed by Brooltlyn architect Thomas Bennett.' Unlike the mss produced character of EO many of the multiple dwellings of the period, these three buildings have a distinctly conti- cental flavor. Built in a pleasing co bination of limestone and cream-colored brick, they have elegant rusticated walls at the first floor, crowned by a Greek fret bandcourse. The handsome entrance porches are likewise classical in character. k transition to the mre Renaissance character of the upper stories 2s provided by the console bracket ke;rsr;ones above the first floor w%ndows. The tall double windows at the second story have been emphasized with segmental-arched pediments carried on brackets, with central cartouches, adding dignity to this floor. The vrrought iron balconies at the fourth story and the modillioned and dentiled roof corruce, carried on end brackets, are further distinctive features.

(The apartmmt house at the northeast corner of Third %Feet is outside the Historic District .)

(The two bloc!tfronts between Third and Fifth Streets are also outside the Historic District -)

No. 218. The Church of the Virgin Mary, of the Eyzantine Melkite Rite, stands at the southwest corner of Secor?d Sweet, It was built in 1903-04 and designed by architects George I!. Kramer end G. C. HsNlton, of New York, for the €ark Congregational Church. Since 1952 it has served the present congregaticn. Completely filling its site, the church has a nwiified cruciform plan with a ridged slate roof rmning the length of the nave. Its powerful asymmetry rdies on volume, massing and the tall cbrner tower. In its broad rzeatmnt, it is neo- Pcmnesque. The austere silplicity of its design is enriched by the texture and warm color of its granite. Rough-hem blocks are laid in a random ashlar pattern and represent a -masterful use of msterials. The east end of the shallow gabled tinnsept is dominated by e large arched window h?th stained glass. Beneath it is a bank of windows, irhich together with the iarger mndoou above, form a complete unit of deisgn. Cornplementing the east transept is a snaller gabled bay at the south end whch repeats its theme. The corncr toiier, croimed by a pyramidal roof, has 8 belfry w%th large Romanesque arched openings, each tLth a drip moulding.

-27- PS-w

EIGHTH AVENUE Between Second & Third Streets

I On the Second Street side, the toiier has threa tall, sler.der openings, reinforced by horizontal stonework at the third points, which pierco the stone wall. The I' apsidal gable of this facade shelters 3 large round-arched rri ,daw mth quatrefoil tracery. I No. 234, the last building in the District on the vest side of Eighth Avenue, occupies the south half of the blockfront below the church. It was built in 191? and designed by the well-blown architect Amar Embury, 132 Ladison live., New York, as a private residence for Charles F. Neergaard. His grandfather, John 7'. Neer- baard, vas a founder of the New York Collage of PhariLiacy. The House is neo- Federal in style 2nd introduces a notably suburban quality which contrasts with the very urban character (of the rest of the Historic Mstrict. Built of dark red brick, \-nth a slate shingled roof, it has neo-Federal trim, paintod white. In kaepng with its char,sctcr, the central entrace porch has delicately proportioned paired colms, 2nd all the windows have shutters. There is a simple fanlight 07:zi' tne enwance door and this motif is repeated in the three peaked dormer windows. A high wrought imn railink separates the house 2nd its grounds from the street.

----EIGHTH AVENUE Between Fifth & Sixth Streets

UST SIDE ONLY (NOS. 501-519)

Tnis entire blockfmnt is an architectural unit, with its four-story apartment houses arranged vcith paired doorways and straight stoops. It was built in 1909-10 for Nathan and Leo N. Levy uld was designed by Brooklyn architect idilliarn Debus, who also worked in Stupesant Heights Historic District. With their flush facades of Roman brick, they are unified at first floor lmel by alternating bands of limestone and buff-colored >rick and by mdillioned roof cornices. The openings are all square-headed, excq3t at the third fioor, where the windows are surmounted diminutive corbel blocks. The entrance o! by curved blind arches of stone set on porches, carried on ccllumns iiith low balustrades above the entablatures, give the buildings a neo-Classical flavor. The end 'rouse at the south, h!. 519, is slightly higher than the rest of the row, with a raised stoop and roof cornice. Its facade on Sixth Street is quite sunilar to that of No. 501 at the north end of the row facing Fifth Street.

(The blockfronts betureen the south side of Sixth Street and a point mid-way between Ninth and Tenth Stmets are outside the District.)

-EIGHTH AVENL'E Betrieen Ninth & Tenth Streets

EXST SIDE omr (NO. 917)

No. 917, '1 four-story residence ai. the northeast corner of Tenth Street, has its principal entrance at Nos. 631-633 Tenth Street, bhere it is described.

(The blockfronts betweon the south side of Tenth Street and a point mid-my between Eleventh and Twelfth Streets are outside the Historic District.)

EIGHTH A~~ Between ?D.evc!nth & Twelfth Streets

EiiST SIDE OW (Nos. 1113-1123)

(The north half of the blockfront is outside the Historic District.)

Nos. 1113-1123. This row of four apartment houses was built in 1898 for Thomas Holt, who lived just south of the District, and designed by Brooklyn architect Thorns Bennett. (coiltinlied on n:axt, page)

-28- EIGHTH :IVE~TJE Getwecn Eleventh E Twclfth Streets

Although thc buildings sre only fnur stories high, the full-height curved hzys,

flankin? the central !+LY 'c's, -ivc -r i.-:\---L-SYI 3 '7' -i,-:t veitlcq.llrnmmtnl friezes bcl?w, ,:ivc these n??rtmnt hwscs ? mencrnlly ne- Clissicnl an?c?r?r.cc, .?lth,-unli thc curvc,! kys rccnll thc- cxrlicr 'Iwmcsquc Revival. The entrmccs ?re snyrrnched by low stnnys with wsmry wina-w-?lls. :"ne.. l-uil Iin- nt thc scuth en

EIGi-Ti' ,',VEP.'UE - Petween Twclfth & :'hirtccnth Streets

F:ST SIDE q:!LY (>;%.S. 1201-1215)

:'"s. 1201 nn! 1203. Tiicse tb- nyrtmcnt hruscs ?.re nlwst i'cntic?l wftl1 Nns. 1113-1123. They wcre 71s" Imilt Th*-.n?s !+lt, but thrcc yanrs later, li: 1901. Brc,-;.klyn Architect Thvns Bennett 7.1~~.lesi..ne*1 then, tSus ;?ccountifi.T fnr thcir sinilzrity. XI). 1201 is enterc,! 1: )I,. 468 '~wclfthYtrect, w!ierc 2 1~ c-)lunn?.r entrnnce ;:nrch is n:ry;rwchc,,-1 5y stcrs frnr. trth si>cs which ?Ti. nsrcllcl to the ?xul,.'.iny.

Nos. 1205-1215. Vith the cxc,ontic,n of the ~.-:!t'- --- st :ill 'in [ . l?X?, these nwrtment hnuscs Ere quitc si-ilnr t? lq'-s. 1201 2.n'' 1203 in thc sm:: blockfront. Thcy wcre Ixuilt in 1900 1 y ownor-xrchitcct l'illi?p !4usnr?.vc C?l(!cr . .- whn hui?t 5 *-,-ny -F t.1,; rx51 ..nc':s 7; ".Firt:,>nth Ftr;.: q:i' *A,i,c wq.5 ^.uy-ii..- . tcn-tent nf thc ",mklyn 3uilrlin,~sDeyirticnt frnrl 1302-33. !,.I thourh they h?ve full-hei=ht, curvc.3 bzys fl?nkinr the centrn.1 entrnnccs nn4 .?ln-st i,'entic"l cl.?ssicnl cr,miccs with swno,s on the friezes, they !iffcr in th-.t 'die hnrizc'nt?.i stonc !.nnr!courses run strnicJht acrnss the win,'Twhc?.'s, servin" ns lintels, nn' thc 2nqrwiys hnvc ' broken' entzblntures with thc crrnices nrchc.! at thc centers. These nre cnrried nn stone hrickets set in thc brickwrk which frmc the 4nn~d,?y~.

The c-,mer mnrtncnt hnuse Trcscnts 7 flush fr-nt t? Ei:rhtli Avenuc hut has a curved cgrncr bay. It is of intcrost t,- ncte thnt here O.l\?cr rmtially revive3 Gcnnctt's scliene fron thc -thcr m' nf the hlnckfront, usin.! ??nn,lcnurses?S in->:>st blocks f:ir the win:!cw lintels 2.t the secon:! an:! fourth flnors. .The first f1nr-r is user! ccmmercially, serving thc n.:jncent nciCh?-orhcn>.

EIGWH AVENUE-- Zctwecn Thirteenth 4 Fcurtcenth Strects

FiZST SIDE 3NL.Y [Z&. 13C1-1323)

Nos. 1301-1323. This entire blockfrnnt is -ccui)ic(! by the John PI. Kimball Sch:ol (P.S. No. 107) nnJ its >:roun

-29- w-rs

EIGt!TH AVENUE Cetireen Thirteenth Fr Fnurteenth Streets

mc cl-sc s-vcin- -6 ithe vindows P.t the uyper flcor nives the necessary liRht for the school building. The school has yxr,!s on thrae sides with the yrinciTz1 one, a playproun

***

-~--PRWPECT P.IRK PEST

The ,?raricl sweep of Prosjpect PRrk :{est, maSnificently situ-.te? o7msite the I park, extends from Grand Amy Plizn to Eartel Pritchartl Cqu-re--almost a mile--anrl Frnvitles me of the nost be:mtiful vistas in the city. This fine exnmrle of urban Ylannin.7 wzs a result of the vision of Fre::erick L.7Olmstcd and Colvert Vnux, who l~ir!out Prnspect Park. The substitution of their 1866-67 7,1m for the cwrlier ?Ian by EE5ert i. Viele leil tr, the creation of ,? monunentnl plza at the nnrthern enal, now known as Grant! Army !'la::a, an(: the exvmsinn r:f the hun :aries nf the ?ark: westwar,l to Ninth kvcnue, ncw Prospxt ?ark !$'est, nnJ southwaril tn Fifteenth Strect . the ?resent 7Trtel I'ritch2rc' Square an"! I'rosyct Park Southwest. Ninth &venue was ?ffici,i.lly rensmed Prcspect park :Vest in 1895, when ?rim! resi,'ences in the Fifth ?venue tra!ition were just ticginnin~t;? spin? u;. alonq its northern VX-tiniI. T'iis section nf The Clnpc, inclu\!in? PrnsTect ?nrk '"est, Pl?zn Strect 2nd Einhth Avenue, iccane known as "The Gol4' Ccrast" .

"hST SIDE (?:OS. 13-17)

(Ths nTrthern i7art of this blnckfrnnt is outside the Ilist~icDistrict.) , Nqs. 13 *in-1 15. The first tho hcuses in the District, nn i'rosnect ?ark 'Uest, zrc cxarq-les !?f the neo-Tu,!clr style which w?.s so :ywlm after Wr14 %r I. They wcrc built RS n pair in 1919 for !!alter Krnslnw nnll were c:csinne:l by Crnqklyn architect Yillim T. 'IcCnrtXy. I central Tu!or nrchwny le*'. t' thc rwr courtyard -ix?-ara?e ne?. .?liove the archwny, n horizmtal nini-bplustrn+c ?€ limestone ties these mb?d houscs tyethex. 2erall:ic nnixals surmunr vlinths nhove the stwe ii?lustra!c. Lai.': in Flemish bnnJ brickwork with limestme trin, No. 13 is unnltcre!, with its cricinnl doorway an! mllirr,e winAows, unifie! by continuous ,1rip npltlin?s at scccn! an.! thir.i flnors.

Nqs. 16 anJ 17. Thcse two onulent linestcne residences, desinne.' by the nroqinent 3rooklyn architect Xlmtrose !!. Wrris, were built in 1839 for c.7ruel Goc,?stein. Srnn: residences such ,?s these are fine exanvlos of the nco- Classical style thnt swc?t the country after the Chicpoo Ex7nsitim of 1893. lltliou~hrich m(! cle:m~t in 4ctr?il, they arc nevertheless subtly disciTlinc8 an+l screne in their lcsip. Thc protc.tr,xs fm these houses also insnire-I mre mdest versions in limestono. which ~r~liFerntci1.-2.1onr:thc hlwks am1joinin? kosnect Prlrk ''Jest nt thc turn-of-tkc-century. E!?. 16 r?is?lays a restrainecj use of the Innic order enframiny the do-rway and sccrm:! story windows. The winc?ows with stone trnnsnn b-irs at all flpors are unusual in a classically ins?ird buil,!inr such as this. :. graceful. tall wrouqht iron milin? scpratcs the hnuse frm the street. Thc ccnnon pitch of thz tile rwfs unifies these two houses, lis A- rmf cqmiccs an1 the window alimments at all flnnrs. At the first flow of No. 17 the wchitcct hns masterfully solved the nohlem of mintaininq synmctry by the use cf squnl-size: triTlc arches, hhich include twn windows ?n1 the Joor. Like W. 26, this house h~sa lnw stoon, flanked by winp-wnlls, here embellished with inverse, c?.rver! consola brackets. (c-ntinuc' 7 -cxt .---r) Flo. 20, i trick cncl liliicstrlnc rcsi'cncc, w-s !milt in 1900-01 fr\r .Ter,-me Lcvinc. It was desiqnc.2 ty 'Jfrcrl Frecnm in l,-.sic?lly nzn-Fc5er-1 stx,ic lilt11 tnll French winrlows at the scc-nl flror. iv!c: pncls nbwe the seconl floor win*!nws have urns m:l ;nrlan;!s in lnrl relicf. 'ihc urn nntif is rcyelte:! in the irmwork cf thc b.alconics ?m' the cntr-.nce annr with its fcnliqht. k'mve thc Sentilec' rmf cornice is n steep slntc rocf with ;..rchctl cor:,er dcrners.

No. 22. This hanrlsorne nco-Tlnssicel house is the work of blnntrrjsc 'f. Mcrris an,' has connissisnec! by E. L. Snykr in 1303. In this rcsidcncc- of y-istine linestone with I? strikino rc! tile rnnf, the prccisirgn of the nl:s:>lutcly synnetricq.1 lesicn is ininedintely anparent. The only 3ff-set elernent is the entrmicc ''mrwny, vdierc th3 symmetry h?s sy?in becn nnintainc' \y the usc ?f cqunl-sized trirle arches, scpx?.tc.! 5y Ionic Filnsters nt the first flvr level. Zt the sccon,! flom, haw?- scnely Fe:!imentcL! windotis with shell vtifs flank an unusually i&!e ccntral piatc qlnss winblow, cnfrnne.! !-)y pilcistcrs ani! an entzblnturc, with ~~alustrsleibalcl?r.y knwth it. Mtle qupins extend thrcurh thc scccnri zn:! thirL1stmics. The small 'enrecli' win\:ws cf the thir! st'xy are c.irefully rclztc.! t- thcse 5encrith. The rorf cci-nice is crownd ?iy 9. stcc:, tile rccf with n -c,!i:ientcr'! A-mcr winr'7w.

Nos. 24 an:? 25. In strikir.7 contrast t> thc r.!j.>ininn hnuses is this ~nir;~~ith y?!lcw "nmin brick, limestone base ?wa trim, an: rcl tile rcnf. They were built at the turn-~f-thc-century, nn,! were first nccu:icA in 190: by l'illi.m G. G'LIm~rcat Pi,). 24 m,! by Desrnm! Dunne, ?.n n?vertisinq cxccutive, ?t W. 25. In thci; c.?lor, tcxtxnl contrasts an.! picturesque wissinir, they mi- rcminisccnt pf the Tl.nmnesque Xevivnl. Classical infiucncc nay 5, sccn in ci Greek fret v-l?in7, which tics the tw- buil 1in-s tc;:tethcr r"3cve thc first flwr wiw'ows. rqx?-te'~in lnr-er scale xs the cnfrmcnent frr thc secw,.; florr win:!nws nt W. 24; a 5cnutiful wtheni-tn arid pelr,ctto friezc oypenrs at thc secnn! flmr ccrnicc just hcnenth the ;:itchc-! tile r-?f. C'-ntrihutin- t:, thd Ticturesqiie cffxt nf the Tnir is the ?t-ly>wii tnwcr ?t thc left si3c -f %. 25, crr,wxo'I 5y i? stee? tile rcsf. FL halustrxld balcony cr?wns the cxvc.' cnc-stcry L,ny winJw an! thcri is zn elc-mt wrrurht irm an.: 2-lnss frrint ,loor at ih. 2C.

-31- PROS?ECT PAiiK PEST Jctween Carroll Strcet 6 Montgomery ?lace

(The rest nf the blockfrnnt to t!te E!-qtyvcry X?cc c mc’r is nnt inclule?. in the :ii5toric District .)

‘YEST SIDE (Nos. 28-32)

N.1. 28. At the smthrrest c-‘mer of Prr-sycct Park Vcst m;! M?ntvrncry rlace stmds one cf the fine man:,inns of Park Slrpe, built in 1331 fnr lior;?ce i‘rntt, of SPA Cnrrnll Strect. It was. ilesinne! by Coston architect Chnrlcs Prirham, nf Stur-is E .?risham, n Sostor’ firm best known for their mnrrnificent Albert C. krrap:: m?nsinn on Commonwenlth Avenue. Thc Pratt hcusc, nlthm7h smaller in scale and less elnhqrntc than scme of the other mansions, has intcrestinv detnil an(! R quiet :?i-:iity ~f its nwn. The Ticturesque roofline with its stee? ryhles is in strikin. contrxst tr the reposeful quality r,f the snnnth w;?lls. Despite its lmically Frenc!i Rennissnnce character ani! clrnnnentntinn, this house d.isFlnys sono zrche? winhks in the 1:?manesque hvivel tra2iti-n. The Inclixnr. liiwstcne wnlls h?vc 7. h;lmmerec! surfzce nnc! ?isplay snme fr! scinntin:: sculptur>l inventions. vrntcsqur: nnimRls, hwnnn masks, stme relief ?-.riels, 2nd hernlr’ic inimzls servina 7.5 fini-.ls. Trll mscnry chimneys, flznkiny the central Sable nkvc the twO-st?ry k2.y nn E+!!c?ntqomery rlrlcc, Five dramtic vcrticni emyhasis. Two Flemish -1wmers at ench side of this nxL.1~len:! a hiyhly ommer:tnl quality. Crwninc the curved two-stnry byZt the frmt is .? steq nnt-lc wit> -. -nllnlian win’-,w. fanciful! t-11 ‘(3rner rrin-’ow, t” thc left of the qntle, hqs A coyer finial. 2 :leeply rccessc‘ arched .!norway is surmnunterl by a halcmy Gith richly ornnmcnte! ynels an! rm?ant lions. This resi2encc is 5cst ?.iyrccia:c3 fron .xrnss the wenuc where kth clevitions may be wen at nnce.

Nns. 29 and 31, constructec: in 1313, are n pair nf tax-exemt huil(linCs, erecteJ at 3 time when the City wished tr encwrave new construction. These rea’ brick txillings kid up in Flcmish bon,!, built fr,r Ynlter Krnslnw m.1 ,’esi,qnell by Crnnklyn architect fV. J. “IcCarthy, are nco-Fcdcrnl. Typcnl of this style are the muntined archad winlows, stme panels with sw?.?s nn.! the nrchc’ :1-.rmer win-’.ows in the steerly nitche-1 r-G. The splnye? flat r?rches of the sccnn’ story windows with keystones recall Georc;ian rrecedent an,’ are tpicql nf thc crmbinatinn cf styles useJ so frcely by architects nt this rcriqfl. ”uilt 3s R unit, they share 2 low rirchd entrnncc to garayes at thc rear, sinilnr tn the nrrmvement nt N?s. 13 and 15.

W. 32. This ruyo,! Rornanesouc ‘levival house, Nn. 32 w?s built in 1560 2s a cm-eninn tn Nc. 33 (sincc rnzc!) for Frank Squicr, il yq?er perchant in New York nn,! 2 ?r-o.klyn krk CnTissimcr. It was .:esioner-i-’hr.n.1 nf cnvc ‘ ornnnlcnt cnrrio-‘ m nnnele(1 pilasters. Stme trnnsm l.ms qivc nrticulitian tn thc winc!nws nt both strrics of the threi-jilcd ley. Thc stee;ly qitchc,l hick V>hle, with twc nrchef’. w1nLcws nn! i?n srche,! s1rt winflow, is t‘cline?.te‘ :‘y n ksye! stme cqyinff which is sweqt at thc t-7’ to fnm P. finial.

(Thc- rennin.’cr 3 this strcct mi1 the hlrickfrmt hetween G?rfi?l(’ place ?.nd First Strcet src nutsi IC the t!istrric District .)

-32- PROSPECT ?&RK !:'EST Tetween First & Secnn.' Ctreets

WST SIDE (NOS. 48-57)

No. 49 (48-51). The mnnuientnl stme mansion i?t n9 i'ros?cct Park 'Vest -- the liullxrt ::case, now tnc .?rnoklyn Ethical Culture Schnr\l -- is the mqst in7qsinp survivx cf thc nmy frec-stmdinf mnnsic,ns th3.t were nnco y-oninently feature:' ,?lnnq rrnswct ?ark :''est. It was built fcr Henry C,--rltcn iIu1l:crt (1331-1312), note!' finnncicr nn-.' inlustrinlist wh7 wzs in the ??.yer suyly '-usincss ?.n' s,zt on the lr.?rJs nf countless prnmincnt corlynnics, inc1u.inT the New Y-rk Life Insurmce 6 Trust CTmany an; thc :'ullaan 'plnce Cnr Cv:clny nf Zhic?.,-, . Ile callc! ii:m t5e yrominent rronklyn architect fdmtrnsc :I. !?clrris tn iesi7n n rcsi !encc which wnul.! fittinqly symbolize his successful cmeer. The mansion, !milt in 1692, is an out- stan'inc. cxnnvlc of the Ftcmnncsquc ?cvivrl style. '?-my fif its zlements were un- ,!wFte,!ly ins7irc.: :-,y the work of I-lenry Wbsw Richnr 'son, ?ut were comLine.! in a quite Privinal way. One r,f the mst :'ramtic fmtures of the nmsi-rl is its

-icturcsquC castellate(-! nrzfile i?t the skylinc ~ crcctei. I-,y the Twwtr?.tion of the rp.,>fline by !.?.ys, tnwers, anblcs, !r,ncr win 'f~ws,anrl tnll chimneys ?r?-n.?-e,' ir. the vertical clusters representin- the flues within. The entire hil'inn is Ziven cc>herence liy the use af ?. .rhi-cisl.-TP.;~ limestcnc -- 2.n unusunl wteri'q.1 for thc Rrmnnesquo ilcvival. The i'arkcr Trny slitc qf the tzll r:-,:fs -liffcr rnly sliThtly 111 c->lor.Even the limestme ret:A.inino wq.11~nlpn- the si,'ewnlk nre 9. czrcfully c-nsi Icre.1 continuztinn nf thc nonqchr-mstic cnnysitinn.

The Fsnlnncc ', nlmrjst s;fl-etricqql nrq?.nizEti,m of the I'rcsiwct I'ark Vest frcnt reflects thc fact th?.t the ilulbcrt n3nsi-w WPS nri2inally twv resi,!ences joinel tvethcr the laryer one -n the cqrner w-.s thc home cf I-Icnry C. !:ulbert , an(! the sliohtly snnllcr we to the snuth wis occu;;ieL! by his dPu?htcr Susie nn.! his sm- In-law, ,Josern 11. Sut;.hin, i Tartncr in the firr: c,f Y. C. Ibl!xrt F; C-nyny. '?rely I- ti:j:; p?rent-,TfFs;x-inlT nrrnnrenent 7f houses, an~?rentlycwmn in the ~ri"been hanc!ler! more skillfully. Thc duxlity is auite vlninly exvresser! in the tw- cqunl, ?ut subtly qiffercnt, cr'rner tnwcrs; in the ?nirs -f Zorners .on' !nys tetween then; end in the superb nsir qf arches cvcr the entrcncc 'ccrs, sn !:eauti- fully joined by a sinqle robust crlumn that thcy fgrr. c! ynnt of focus fvr the front. %her unlfyinp elencnts ?.re the thir' flrrr lnq-iii ml the sh:rc.' cntmnce stms, SP -ran:' in cmceytion.

The ?ifferences lletwetm the tw- ccrncr twers ?rc subtle. The nnrth tqwcr is tho mqrc strikin;:, 1zr::cly hecause of its plyc-nr?l shaqe. h,:wever, it is rcud nt the first flwr, with corbels ?rcvi,!in; the transiti?n tn thc -olyynzl uper flcwrs an' rt.,of. The scuth tower, "y c'mtrnst, is :-,,lyconal ?t strect level anr' roun:! nbwe, terninatinq in R steen conicnl rn-mf. In qher 'ctails, the towers nre similar, with particularly notiTile, xrcr!,le? !vi !e-archc.', win!i-ws with stone trinsnn bars sc?arate?. by dwF.r€ cclumns nt the thir! flcors. Gctwecn the towers there ?re two 2nrmcr winclnws with stone trnnsqm Imrs in! mullinns, crnwne

The qener3lly r?,uo,h-face', rnnt'om nshlnr stoncw-rk at the frnnt is civcn intcrest hy the use cf alternntin. !,Rn's of Ixonl an,' nnrr-ii stonework in the tnwcrs -n,3 Rt the sit!c walls. Intric?.te an(! beautiful folintc reliefs zn

Re exteriqr cf the m?nsirn is amnzinjly well-preserve! In' hns been use1 for ?lninst half R century as n private schml. C?mpariscn with early rw1~lishe.l vizws indicates virtually nc alteretion. The hrase rcn-ins me r,f tha wtstindin: si?hts nf rmsyect ?ark West en11 contributes significantly tn its imyisinr: chrirnctcr.

-33- PROSPECT PARK 'EST %tween First 6 Second Streets

No. 53. This muision, now the Brooklyn Ethical Culture Society's Meeting House, is the only o%herhouse on the blockfront and is separated from the school by a yard. It was constructed in 1900-01 for prilliap ?. Thilds, the originator of Ron Ami Cleansing powder. This maenificent residence, approached by a broad flight of steps flanked by heraldic lions, is the work of the well-known architect, ~~illim €3. Tubby of Man!iattan. It is one of the best examples of the rare neo-Jacobean style in b!ew York City. The dark rec? brick, laid up in Flemish bond, and the red tile rosf, contrast effectively with the white limestone bay window enframements arid gargoyles. Architecturzlly the enphasis is concentrated at the symmetrical street facade which is crormed by a stepped, curved gable. The symmetry is further nain- tained by the equal treatment of the front door and arched window and by the paired pilasters flanking them. The wide second floor bay is surnounted by a stone bai- ustrade forming a balcony for the handsomely enframed windows of the third story. In the upper part of the gable, an interesting window is tied to the top of the third floor windows below by a Tanel, a stone drip molding and a carved medallion. A finial CrOh'T1S the bold gable and completes this fine composition. The south wall is dominated by a single steep ,sable and two tall chinneys. Projecting out from tliis wall, at first floor level, is a low balustrade3 wing added by Tubby in 1907 to house a sunny morning room with a basement billzrd room belov--al: set in a spacious yard (~Jos.55-57) which extends to Second Street ani is enclosed by a handsome wroupht iron railing with brick piers.

-PROSPECT- _- PARK --YEST Eetween Second 6 Third Streets

No. 61, at the southwest corner of Second Street, was zlso designed by i'iilliam ti. Tubby and built in 1919 for '7illiam E. Chilas' married daughter Nary, Ph. Ernest G. Draper. This brick residence, with a tile roof and boldly projecting copper cornice carried on brackets, contrasts stylistically with the earlier houee designed by Tubby across the street. Shallow projecting bays, horizontal stone bandcourses and panels at the top story lend further interest to ths English crossband brick valls. in general, the design is reminiscent of P!orth Italian provincial architecture -which enjoyed a brief vogue in this country. AI- though the house bas a Prospect Park "est address, the entrance is on Second Street, an arrangement which is typical of many corner buildings.

Kos. 63, 64 ar.d 65, the three adjoining houses, were built in 1919-20 for LJalter Kraslow, of Brooklyn Heights, and desip,ed by Erooklp. architect ''Jillian T. IkCarthy, with City tax abatement privileges. The growing importance of the autoinobile is reflected ii- the driveways between these houses leading to rear garages, as at Nos. 13 and 15 an5 at llos. 29 and 31. Each driveway is entered beneath a brick archway epclosed by wrought iron gates. These symmetrical houses, modified Georgian in style, are constructed of brick ].aid up in Flemish bond vith double stretchers. Interesting features are the loggias at the second stories, arched at the center house, and the trellised sundecks at the top floors of the end houses.

(The reaainder of this blockfront to Third Street and the blockfront between Third and Fourth Streets zre outside of the Historic District.)

PROSPECT PARK 'IEST Between Fourth & Fifth Streets

'%ST SIDE (Nos. 84-93)

The blockfront between Fourth and Fifth Streets is occupied by four apartnent houses known as P!os. 86, 88: 90 and 92. Each is four stories !iigh, with shallow curved bzys flanking central prcjecting stairwells. They were built in 1908-09 for the Eoundiree 2ealty Company, the owner-architect. The rusticated first floors and the stair:iell project:ions are precast stonework, also used as lintels,quoins, and bandcourses with dark red brick walls at the upper stories.

-34- PAOSPECT PARK I.ST Between Fourth & Fifth Streets

A deeply embossed sheetL1et.d architrave is crowned by a wen-proportioned classical roof corxce, carried on console brackets. The style is generaily nco-Classical with sons neo-Federal detail, although the central projecting stairdells with their curved sides and rich detEil suggsst +he influence of the French Seam Arts Style. Since the i,incioJrs in the stairwell are at the landings, they do not align with those on eitha- side. The second story landing windows above the doorways have r~niaturebalustrzdes flanked by Ionic cohriu-cj, carried OD. lion's head brzckets, wiiich support arched pediments. The bds relief pmels in the pedinents above the windows display f emle figures. The trio upperaost stainerell andours &are comn enfrnnements with panels between then. These are crowned by loir parapets with carved openwork pads. Projecting iron-fraied vestibules with Greek details are connected to the wrought iron fences in fmnt of aUthe houses. The regular rhythm of the curved bays, punctuated bjr richly detailed stairwells, produces a uniformly dignified blockfront.

?R@SPECT ?:BK EST Between Fifth & Sixth Streets

KEST SI3E (NOS. 9$-107)

Nos. 94, 99, i00, 101 and 102. (Nos. 95, 96, 97 are omitted from the street r,u;nSering sequence.) Of Chis row of five neo-Italian iienaissance apartment houses, built as townhouses, 140. 102 retains stili its original L-shaped stoop while the others have Seen converted for basement entrances. They were built in 1699 for ' Charles Hart. The handsome brownstone fscades display a wealth of ornament. Thsy have three-story curved bays surrmunted by balustrsdes which serve as decks for the recessed fourth floor loggias behind them. The first floors are rusticated adth' arched doorways; the keystones support the fluted corbded sills of the windows above then;. Cromng these izindows, in turn, are oval windows +nth fiowiq flord enframements. The top floors provide a polrerful unifying element for the row with their loggias, horizontally banded stonework, and boldly projected cornices. Nc.91: has another entrance on Fifth Street, aqd Lhis elevation continues both the first' floor rustication and banded stonework of the top floor. The tiered windows are aqmetricaily arrdwed and have f8broken"pediments at the third story. I Nos. 103-107. These five handsome buildings were also built in 1899 as one-! family dwellings. Charles G. Fetersoc, who lived nearby on Seventh Street, corn- ' missioned Brooklyn architect Axel S. Hedman to design them. iUl these houses retain their handsome L-shaped stoops, except No. 103, where a basement entrance has been provided. Kice their neighbors to the north, they are neo-Italian Renais- , sance in design, with light-colored sandstone facades above rusticated basements. They display some fine ornment and have three-story bays, curved alternating with three-sided, The corner house, No. 107, w'hich is entered on Sixth Street, has a full-width, swell-f-mnt end facing the park. Oval-shaped windows alternate with : squdre-headed oms at the top floors in tlus row and the ornament of the walls at;, this level and of the roof corniccs give these houses a certain feeling of opuletxe. The long side of No. 107 on Sixth Street has a columnar entrance porch surmounted by a low balustrade behind nhich there is a triple window with e pediinent in the center. A three-storywing at the rear of the building repeats the swell-front , design at its west end.

PROSPECT PARK bESS Betvreen Suth & Seventh Streets

\ZST SIGE (NOS. 108-117)

This blockfront is typical of an architectwal scheme used in many Brooklyn residential areas to unify the street visually: a long row of three-story houses is enframed by higher four-story resiliences at the ends. (Conticued on next page).'

-3 5- --PF’OSPIXT P,&Y ~ ivXST Between Si;cth & Seventh Streets

It was built in 1896 by owner-builder-architect Charles G. Peterson, the sane owner who, in 1899, h:tred arc!iitect me1 Hedman to design the row to the north for kin. Functionally th:ts sc!ieme is a good arrangment, with the row houses facing the avenue -- in this case, the park -- and the higher terrAnal houses facing the

side streets. It is Lnteresting to note that the higher four-story er.d house is I no wider than the three-story TOW houses bet:qeen them. \!hat makes this block pal’- ticularly fine is its relatively simple treatr.leE%, wherein the brick fronts accord so well with the brick ends while the cornices, supported on evenly spaced console brackets, are si ‘iilar throu,ghou’t snd practically continuous but, nonetheless, stili returned in profile at the ,?rids to make clear the individuality of each row house. Ijhile the row houses lime alternating curved aiid three-sided, txo-storj bays, the er,d houses, errtered ai, the side streets, h?ve full-width, swell-front bays fZcin& the park, further emphasizing the tenzinal quality of these buildings. Buildings such as tnese, taken collectively, were the town-planners dream and, with regard to unity and coherence, fitted right into the new “City Beautiful” scheme proiau1ga- ted by the planners of the CrAcago Fair of 1893. Fandsome L-shaped stoops lead up to the eritrancerrays aiid what little detail Lnere is could best be described as neo- Renaissance. Uhat is notable here is that the housas have style, but not so much individually as collectively whorc the wholc: block front shows I?S th-t this or7ier- builder-crchitect was striving for something better than the avsrage -- a solution . for the problem of hoir to handle the rorv house 2nd of how to lend it both interest and distinction. Nos. 108 and 117 have the long sides, frornw!,ich they are entered., on Lhe side streets. These fi.czdes, though a block apart, are prdciicslly ideptf- cal. They have low curved porches et the entrances and feature symmetrically placed ctiniiey-type proJections, which begin the third floors and are carried on cornice projectors at ~hLssame level.

PROSPECT PUK IvZST Between Seventh 91 Mghth Streets

‘JEST SIDE (NOS. 118-130)

Nos, 118-120. Build in 1899 as private residences, tnese three nes-Italian Renaissnnce buildings zre very slnilar in design to hTos. 94-102, which were bult in the same year, fDr the sm,e owner Charles Hart. ililliam J. Ryan, of Brooklyn, was the archtect. The houses are of broiinstone inti1 rusticated first floors which are carried arour?d the side elevation, as are the handsome paneled cornices an2 the bilnded stonework of tne fourth floor. Logg-Ga-llke woniovrs at the fourth floor are set behind Ionic colwnns and sumunt the three-story curved bays. The bay at the corner house (NO. 118) extends the full xidth of the end and is curve-sided, reflecting the fact thnt titis builbxg is entered on Eighth Street at No. 610. Here, a handsome porch with coluirns, at firsL floor level, is approached by an cffset flight of steps parallel to this side of the house.

Nos. 121-122. This pair of houses, built as one-faitlily dvellings, is renarkably similar tc the ~O;J in the block LO the north. The houses were built in 1896 for llilliam Fuller and designed by Brooklyn Heithts architect George Xiller. With their curved one-story bays arLd doorways flanked by columns, they are influenced in t hdr detail by tha Italian Renaissance, despiLe the rough-faced stonework of the bays which recalls Romanesque Zevival prototypes. The upper floors are of brick and each house is crowned by individual ccrrnces carried on console brackets with dentils beneath.

No. 125 (Nos 123-1301 “The Hillhurst :.partmentsll is a large brick corner building with central entrance court facing the park, hilt in 1916 for Richard Bridgette ana aesignei by arc,.itect IiarSy Moore. It is dignified in its simplicity, relying for its effect on a rusticated limestone first floor, quoins and a top story set off by a bandcourse which form the sills of the sixth floor windows. it is crowned by a cornice carried on evenly spaced console brackets. The side elevation on Lighth Street is quite similar, but is co..pletely flush and without eritry.

-3 6- PXOSPECT PARK VEST Letwecn Eichth fi Ninth Stricts

WEST SIDE (NOS. 131-1$0]

NO. 131 (131-135) ani' N.1. 13G (136-137) arc tw six-story apnrtmcnt houscs built in 1903 for Ballorson anJ :rlcxlcr uld :'esigned by architect-buil.',crs Sass E Smallhciser. With their two-story, hizh rusticoteil ?:?.ses an! clntorete entranceways, they ?-re typicsl of the Leaux Arts style nf the Eclectric period. The pro jectin; twq-stwy high archei! ontrance nf No. 131 has r? cmcilvc prcifilc thrcuth which the rusticetion lincs arc curie:!. It is surnountc,! 5y i. cxnics slab czrricc! on lzrp disconally placed 5rackcts crowne' by urns. ,Vm/c this, a thrcc-stmy ticr of win.!r)ws is cnfrmmed by mns'mry kcye.! tr, the ?:rickwsrk -- c? tlicnc which is rcpente! zt the corners of the L-suilLlin,;, both at the frmt nn,! thc si',e. The fifth story is crnwnctl by n (!entiled bnnrJcoursc, which scrves as sills for the t-y floor win!ews. This buil:!iny:, and ;rcsuinnSly W. 136, were b)th nncc crcwnd by the hands'.. ci>rnicc which remains ir?tact alonz thc north si2e c,f Nn. 151. Sr?. 136 is identical in trectmcnt except that its frcnt leer IS surmcuntei: by c? "broken" pc\!iment, em- nh-size,' by r?n archcc? window abovc it an.! a balcony zt the thir.! floor.

ho. 149 (No. 13:-1 ;O) . This han,!sonc four-story ayrtncnt house, "The Litchficl!," is Jistinctly nco-Itnlian Cenaissancc in style. The imposing entrance is zt No. 573 Ninth Street. It was built in 1903 for T'nco:!ore Jenkins an11 :3?rmnn Gnlitzkz am! was ~iesignedby thd Farfitt !'rothers. It has TI rusticate: stone bascment an2 first floor, with Rmnm brick ?.b?bove. The winLlows havc terra cotta enframements those at the top flc-r have nrnite :Tilasters bctwocn then. Thc long , Ninth Strcet si,?e hcs L-n entrnncc pcrch suFportc! on Tonic cqlunns nnc! crowned by 2 hcavy arche.! pc:inc-nt, decorcte,' by i! richly enframc.! shiel?. Abovc this centrnl Joorwny, reccsscs at cnch floor ingcniwsly nccv~~?!.ate the firc escarc. Thc Frcpcrtions, qusins, escutchcms m,' crnntc rc:>f ctyrnice oive tlns builJinc. its ncn- Italian I:cneiss?nce cnarcctcr. The ctiimncy at the soutilcwt ccrner is Carrie.: m an nrnr?tL corbel at the sccmt: fl9c.r.

(The blockfrcjnt between Ninth znd Tenth Strcct is outsi,le the Historic District)

TItOSPECT PARK VEST detwecn Tenth & Elcvcnth Streets

VEST SIDE (Nos. 152-151)

Nus. 152--156. This uniformly tlcsignc,! rijyl cf threL nyartmont houscs, (lcsip- e2 by Zrooklyn architect Thomzs runnctt, wns built in 1G99 fcr Peter Lsrson. In style, thc-se four-story bui1Jin;s reflect, classicctl influence. No. 152, the corncr Luil'inz, has a snq:Th-Encc,! linestcne first floor with brick above and a I curvc,! corncr boy makiny the tr;..nsition tr. the Tenth Strcct Si.72, whcrc the ccntrnl entrance Fcrch is Icc~te?.. The dj3iniq ?partnc?nt houscs facin7 the park (Nns. 15.: an2 156) ?.re it!entical, with full-hcir$t, curve2 hnys flankin:: central en- trznces , both of which have i7nrches with Isnic cc,lumns sunountci! by low Dalustrndcs. Above these parches thcre is a singlc p!inente,l winf!ow. Horizontal stme bmi- cruises at iach flom mr! arche2 winhws zt the top flmrs fen? unity to these thrce aprtncnt hmses, whlch arc c,mstructed :f Ponm trick. They arc furthcr linke ! by a cmtinuous rmf cmnicc cnrria.! on ccnscilc Srnckcts with classical swags in the fzscia. Pi33SPEC'I --PAiK 1 EST :ctwceii Tenth nnfl Elevcnth strccts

YO~.157-161. This ':roup r,f five fnur-story apartment houses, lwilt in 1E99, is intcrcstinr I~ecn~sethoy still shpw trnces qf 2om?ncsoue Ikvivnl styit., in spite of their renernl ly classic31 chnrnctcr. They were kilt by owncr-lxiildcr Christian Dncnccke 3rd WCI-edesivned 1'y rrocklyn architcct Frank Hnlrnheri.. The frur avxtment houses fnc;.ns the ;)ark fnm n unificc! :?rnuy, with full-heirht, curvc? end bays and pnired three-story hays ::t the ccntcr. In cnch case, thc bays flank -aired cborways. T!I, first f1c.ox-s are mf snty-th-fnccr1 linestone nnc' thc unpcr floors of 2omn hrick. ,111 nf the windows are squarc-heacte*, but those at the first and second flmrs hnvc stone trnnsnrn hrs which are repented ever the .'- rways. The classical rnof cerniccs hnve sw-t~?n? lcfine ench !iuiltlinn. The cvner n-artnent house (%a. 161), entereJ nn Eleventh Street, althcunh ,?lis-ned in its floor heights with thy rnw facin? thc nark, is treater! quite differently, with a rusticnted base of li-ht-colored. molded Prick. The Rman hrick ?hove this bssc is sivilir to thet in the adjnininl- rnw, excc~tthat it: is mnde to simlate riist- ication at the first flax, wIicrc-s thL r 1% L this lcvzl is f 11- st-nc In thc corner twildinq, ttle scu?re-hcc?e4 windows nre all enfrnrner! in terra cottn at the upper floors ant1 the prime unifyin? feature is thl sinil?r cl:,ssical rwf c '1' The np-artnent house is enteret: on its loni- side, at h-. 649 Eleventh Street. This facai'.e is conplctely symnetrical. The dnnrw?y, flnnke~lhy columns, is set in a full-hei~ht,projectino by flanked by flush bays, nf about the same width. These, in turn, are enfrnmed by tIrr.nd projected bays, twn windqws wide, an.! flanker? by curvcr! corner hays at thc en&. The central bny, aliovc the doorway, has arche.'. rin:!ows crowned at the top by a bull's eye winJow.

PZCSFECT --?ARK WEST Detwccn Eleventh f, Twelfth Streets

~ WEST SIDE (NOS 162-169)

Vn. 162-163 is R larpe four-stcry corncr ainrtment house of ?>rickwith its entrance on the side street. It is c!cscribci! undcr No. 642 Eleventh Street.

hcs. 164 and 165 are two four-story aprtmcnt houses built for !'lillic?m Murphy, accordinp to plans by ijrocklyn architect Thomzs gennett. In ?esiRn they are prcct- ically identical to Mos. 154 nnd 150 in the block to the north, which were also, desi-ned by Eennctt €or another owner. Azain, they reflect classical influence; tk only noticenl)le difference bein? one of dct3il. The windows above the entrance porches have ornnmcnted blocks of stone in lieu of pediments i! motif which is repeated above the pc?.rlor floor and the thirc! story winilows, which is not the cRse at N~is. 154 and 156. It is interestin< to note how architectural 4esiqns, readily identifiable with certain architects, rccur throuqhout the District. reprdless of t!ieir ownership.

No. 166-169. WLth an unusually Ion? frontare on prospect Park !Vest, this ' four-story apartment house of brick was built in 1900 fer Thomas Crawford, and', designed, like the apartment adjoininr it tc the north, by Thomas Bennett. This nF-.rtment house is entered both from I'rosyect nart !'rest and from Twelfth Street! The entire front facinc: the park has a stronq sense of horiznntnlity, produce6 by many ornamental hanls of terra cotta at ench floor. In adeition, stone handcoyses serve as sills for the windows at ench floor. ,211 of these hcrizontal lines are interrupted by a full-heiyht, vertical bay nbr;ve the off-center dnorwp-y, edSed by sirnilpr terra cotia bands and enclosiny! arched star landiny windnws an? decorative terra cotta pnnels. A handsome entrance Torch sup?orted on columns, with two-side4 apprcaches, shelters the dowway. The top floor is unified by the introduction of archecq widows and by m unusual classical cornice cerried m decy, brackets with conventicnal console brxkets in between them. Full-heiFht, curve:! Says are 10: cnted at each end of the park fac;?de of the building, with shTllow curve4 hnys flmkinp the main entrance. By conparison, the Twclfth Street side is quite narrow, md fentures an entrance at No. 525 with an L-shzye.1 stop;) enfr+Jned hy c3lum.n~ - su7--,?rtin,.hn enta5lature. 4hove it, as on the front, are arched stair windows with ornmcntal terra cotta panels above and below then. An interesting tier of blind windows and ;)nncls of brick nlipears just behind the curved corner bay. ..,'

-3;- iY’EST SIDE (Nos. 170-178)

.‘ . i? -171. Tiis 1-r c c rriir -. 7-c~., ~$1!ICUS. 1- L!>O;, *ThL i~2:>’,2rf , is c!as- CIlbC’ U11’CI. ?to. 524 (?:, . 52,?-52::j Thclfth Ctrcct

Ncs. 172-178. Thcsz fcur tlicnific,l limcstonc ?.;‘?.rtl?ei\t houscs show thc in- fiuencc nf thc Ecqlc ,Its Genux .Arts in thc rather free iiandlin,. of thcir Frsnch itcnzissnnce clcsipn elements. They wcrc hilt in 1901 for Jncnb Livinqston ami, likc No. 131 tn the north, wcrc dcsipncl by nrchitcct-builrlers Sxs 6 Smallhciser. Nr,s. 172, 174 an3 176, the three nIinrtment hcuscs fncin.7 the ;.i.rk have P cnrli?rehcns- rve syrmetry of thcir own. The center ixildin., fb. 174, h7.s full-heimht, shallow curve(‘ biys flnnkin$: the ccntrzl entrmcc, whercis the tw7 wtcr ones, Nos. 172 an2 176, hive full-heir:ht, three-siC!cd Snys. Thc first floors arc rusticate:! 2nd all three ,Imrrnys nrc simil;r, with nsc~~’n-L~~lcnnie~cprriccl cn vcrticnlly i’l aced consnle trnckcts. The verticnl consolc brnckct tncmc recurs at the thirfq floor, bay winc‘cws . A continuous cm-nice suiyx-tcJ on ccnsolc brackets h2s unusunl Fairzc! dwarf :-ilastors set umler every fwrth or fifth hrnckct with swa:Ts in thc fascia between them. ;\lthouj?h it is entcrcd frcm Thirtccnth Strcct, No. 178, the cmner nyrtmcnt housc, Dlentls with thc rr)w fncinc the ?ark. It ~BSn flush fncnJe, , brckcn only by n towcr nt the ccrncr. Tho lnni side nn Thirtccnth Street, is of brick, cxccpt that the rusticnted first flnor of the adjninino hcuses is rcpeatec! here. The entrance has a balcony carriccj on vertical cmsoie brnckcts with wired windows above, sepnrntcc‘. by n carvcr! Fanel cr ,! thc windnws nf the third story.

PROSr’ECT --p>,:XI< VEST Det’ncen Thirtccnth & Fourtecnth Streets

WEST SIDE (Nos. 179-186)

Nos. 179-186. This rob*, likc the onc bctwecn Sixth nnr! Seventh Strects, is interestinn because it hzs ;i similar TlanninrT CwceTt. Thc entire blockfront is architecturnlly uniform, with the cnd qartmcnt houses czrricc! sliyhtly forward, thc tfiarctnxl breaks in the front ~7.11linkin? them to the row facinq the xrk. The row :v.s built for Louis Zeer in 1901, accor!in? to plans by Zronklyn Rrcliitect ‘4illiani Debus, who als2 dcsi2nc.J sqmc fine hcuses in the Stuyvcsant HeirThts area. The Pr3s;wct PRik \*!:‘est row is .!esiwcc’ in B unifnn style of Trchitecture. showinr: the influence of the French @colerlcs Beaux Arts. This is nost Zpparent in the full-hcicht rustication gf the limcstone ~RCT’CS and in their arche2 cbxways which intcrru;>t the line of the cornice ?t scccnc’ floor lcvcl. The end apartment houses, enterel from the side streets, ?re the same hcjqht RS the row facinn th: prk, but unlike thcm have rusticated brickwork nfiove the rusticated limestone”, first f lnors. They hcve i4enticnl archcd entrinces, fianked by oval windows, 6.3~3 ore cr?wncd by an unusual two-stcry feature, in which the second and thir:! story paired windows ere joind verticrtlly by cnrvcrl stone yincls. The third story I ! vf pire2 winc!ow is arched, with the lines the rusticntims carricc! in to meet!.i thc x-ch ns stone vcussoirs. This cntire centrnl scction is set .ff ‘,y -*iqci-?--/ rilrstcrs, set Pr cmheis, extcnclin,- thmuch the seconr! ant! third flmrs 2nd ‘ i surmounte.1 by shqrt flutcd cncs ?.t the frurth flew. Tine pilnstcrs are repente3 nt either side of thc curve3 cnrner bay ani1 near thc Ixcnks ir t?iz frrrit 11,-11 facir.,; the ;>ark. Thc hanllsome rnof cornice, which once crowzed all thcsc buildinns, m~y still be seen at the south Erica~?cof the apartmant housc nn Fcurteenth Strcet. The doorr,nys are approached by two-side:! stooys , with handsome wrought irnn hardrci 1 inss runnin7 parnllel to the fronts of the hiiiltiinzs. L; Berkeley Flace ertends from Fifth Avenue enst to Plaza Street. Vest of Fifth Avenue it becomes Sackett Street, the oriTinal n?mc for qerkcley l'lnce. Snckctt Strcet ins chanyed to Ccrkeley I'lncc jn 1881, in honor of Ccorye Zerkelcy, an Episcopnl Minister an2 educator who spent the years 1729-31 in the ~?mericnnColonies. The curricrilwn at Kiny's Collew (Columbia Colleze) was hse' upnn many of his eAicntinna1 princii7les. Tht: clevelopment of Rerkcley ?lace, within the District, bepn in the early 1370s, and wns completed by the early nineties. Two frme houses in the hlock from Sixth .Iveitue tc, Seventh Avenue (lato back to thc early lC60s and were the only buil6incls on Snckctt Street, cast of Fifth Avenue, which ajycar on thc Dri?ps Map of 1868. 'el-kelej ?lace is one of the h-indsomest resir!cntinl strer'ts in the District.

BERKELLY ?LIKE 2etwccn Fifth & Sixth Avenues -._-_ ~

SOUTI! SIDE (NOS. 74-84)

No. 74-84. This corner house is lescri5etl under Nq. 188 Sixth Avenue. Thc rest of the Street to the west is not includetl in the Historic District

BERKELEY -PLACE Cctwecn Sixth 6 Seventh Avenues

SOUTH SIDE (NOS. 86-168)

No. 86-96. This corner house with carace behind it is c!escril>e-l unc!er No 193 Sixth Avenue.

Nos. 100 (98-100) an?. 132. Thesc two unusual houses, east of the corner housc, rise three full stories ahove low hnsements, have neq-Grec ,'ctail and are crowned with mmisard roofs. They were built in 1879-60 for John S. Brooks and were de-' sipned by the architectural firm of Parfitt Brothers, architects of the nearby St. Aqustine's Church on Sixth ,lvenue (outside the Historic District), Grace Methodist Church on Seventh Avenue and numernus houses within the District. To the west of No. 90-100 therc is a ten-fcot accessiwy which leads back to B stable at the rear of the lnt. In 1867 a two-story a4dition for a priwte school was mrtde at No. 102. Of this pair of flush-fronted brownstones, No. 100 retains its oriainal doorway ani! winr1o.i trim of )!ova Scotia stone, rqlete with nm-Grec ornament, while SO. 102 retpins the ori,rlinal hnndscme detailinq nf its mansard roof with dormer windows.' Thrce stcps lead up to the main cntr:ince.of No. 100, which is flnnkcE by pilasters with cris?ly carve4 capit;?ls, ahove which two console brnckets su?pnrt the cornice sla>. At the level of the caritr?ls there is a wide bxnd, of floral design, which intersects the parlor floor winc!ows at impost blcck level of this unusual house. Neo-Groc 3etail is much in evidence at the win?ow enfrnmcmcnts. The third floor windows arc tied towther by floral bandcourses, simila- to those at the parlor floor

Nos. 104 and 106. This ?air of nen-Grec hrcwnstone dwellinns, with typical incise?. Jecorntion, was hepun in 1322 for M. M. Vail from dcsi?ns hy Brwklyn- erchitcct M. J. Mnrrill. The fronts have full-heiqht, two-sided bays, the rieht side of which at No. 104, advances to meet tha end wall of No. 102. The rcrjf cornice follows the angular profile of the fronts nnt! is diviJcti by w-odcn brackets with Fnncls betwcen them. The windows and doorways nre enfrmcJ in the neo-Grec manner with incisec! ornament. Iron crcstinqs crown tlw cornicc slabs of the cn- trances. The original entronce to No. 106 has hen rcylnccc! Ly one at bascment-level X-kB

;;ERKELEY -_:'L12CE Detwccn Sixth 8 Sevmth Avenucs

Nos. 108, 110, 112. This row of three ncn-Crcc brownstoncs, hcnun in 1883 by owncr-builder-architcct Von Vonst nnd PlarJ, of Crooklyn, is similzr to Nw. 104 an2 106. Thcy have i.:cised ,!ecorntion nnc! xrqteriz nt the win

NE.. 116 and 116 (No. 11-1 is -:nittc' fron the street numberin;: systen). The ncxt two houses, of frnme construction, itre the oldest on Ccrkcley I'lacc m! amoncl thc oldest in the Pzrk Slopc are?.. JRmes Eredy sold thc land on which No. 116 now stands to Drocklyn architect X.J. Mnrrill in Yay 1662,nnc! also owned the adjoinincl Trcyerty. In nll likclihoal, Morrill was associated with the construction of both houses in 1062. Althouch both of thcsc frame hcuscs have been re- surfnced, No. 118 retains nich of its ariginal nppxrance: am! is npyoachcd by 5 low woo(! stoop with wrought iron rnilinps. The i!oorw:iy is shcltcrc! !>y a pr-- jcctiny hmd, also of wood, rcstin: on a yir of lnr-c woo:! brickets. ,? sin~lc 5rncketcfi wn~droof cornicc crowns this interestin? littlc. housc.

Nns. 120, 124, 126 (No. 122 is 'rlittc' frm thc strcct nunherin? syste-1). This rcw of three hownstoncs was built in 1378 by rwner-!)uilder-architcct Ilbcrt !$'ilkinson of Brooklyn Fieirhts. The stoops have hecn rennved an

Nos. 123-149. These scven houses, likc their nciyhbirs xrcss the street, Nos. 127-135, wcre planncJ tc accnnndata threc fsmilics each an:! were built hy Thonas .',. Crush nf Fort Grecne. rrooklyn architect Fre('orich E. Lockwon;! desiyned Nos. 12C- 1.10 in 1S32. They are three-story, neo-Grcc brownstones with brackete:! roof cornices and hich stoops. A11 the 5tonr.s an8! hnn(1railinqs arc nrcservcd, except ni Elo. 136 where wino-walls, surmounted by n pair nf unusual stone s~hinxes,have bccn ac!-'c.!. The hmlsomc nco-Grcc cnfr:imcmcnts of the brood doorwiys nre rcpcatc.1 on 8 smaller scale at thc windows. Thesc cnframcmcnts have bccn removed at two of thc houscs.

(Nos. 142 and 144 hnve bccn ni;ittcd frm thc street numbcrinv system.)

Nos. 1.16. lK, 155'. rhese three French Secontl Empire brownstnnes are thrcc stm-its 3bOVC hirh rusticatcJ basements. Tlicy wcre built on lots sol1 late 111 1675 by :'enjamin Estes tc\ buiLlcr Samuel Iienry, mi1 are Tcmarknbly simil.?r t3 the row on the east side rf Seventh )\venue between St. Jchn's Pln-e ant! Lincqln Plncc lnckinr. only thc nnnsv? r'cfs. Qnly 16'8' wile, they h:ivc siny,lc l.irye Farlor floor 1~in:I~~wsmi! scymentol-arched winJows at I~isciiciit level. There nre two win!rws 'It e2ch of t!ie uppcr flmrs, all arc sr(Linrc-hci,le~lWC! Iinvc hnnilsomc cnfrnnewnts. ?:IC cntr,Inccs, apprc.achc ! by hi?h stnops, w-c nrc;,cll nn:' arc surmountec' by Inw nrchc ! pe 'imcnts cnrriecl on ncnntlius lcqf console lirackcts. The orivinnl dcuSle ?.oms, twr 7f which rennin, ire exce;)tionilly t?ll an,' hnvc hcnvy r?oI(lin?s frwincy the :>11l?j The curved to:, panel of cxh ,!om is ql.?zct! to allow light in the vestibule. The rcqf cornices rest on ;? series of closely s?ncec! ne,>-Grcc brnckcts.

NO. 152 is n cnra::e, with chwffcur's quarters above, ?milt in 1935 fnr hlfrcj E. Cleqq, who thcn livcd at Nn. 104 Eiphth :,venue, the formcr I,uckcnl:-.ch nnnsicn, which he hac' bounht in 1927. Cleo: w;?s 2. vice-president of the Ycrr Stomship Company. Thc 7nr?oe was clcsicnec! by thc Grooklyn .irchitcctur?.l firm nF Eluryliy 8 Lchmann. This charminv, small two-story l?uil*linc-, insilirel !>y Tu".r ,?rchi tccture, is constructed of talwstry brich with Iimestonc trim. T'nc i!rwnf! flnni- cnntnins n wide seqmcnt?l-nrchc.! cntrnncc to the v'?r?.'rc, with Txnclcr! woo,! (1ncrs. To the left is thc cntrancc tcl thc u?pcr floc.rs, slicitcrctl !,y 2 penhc,' hcw7 Thc wpll ?Imve tile cntrniicc is rcccssc1 T fcv fect to mcet n cliimncy stock which, PS-HD

::ERKELEY PLACE 1:etwcm Si qth & Seventh Avcnues

toqether with il high peaked pblc, gives a picturesque silhnuettc tn the buildino. Sct in the gable, above thl? parage door, is a three-sided oriel with casement winhwc crownec! by a crenellated pirnpet.

Nos. 154, 156, :lS. Devn in 1886, this rqw of three neo-Grec brick houscs have threc-story, two-sided bays risina full heizht which are crowncc!, except at No. 158, by unusually steep slate roofs of polygonal form qivinj the e'ffcct of tower' The main rocf cornices, just below these stee? ronfs, are supported on colonettcs nncl crowner? by small archeJ pediments at the apexes of the bays. To the left of the bays, lower mansard roofs contain single dormer windows. The stone windcw lintels display an unusual fan-shape: detail at their u:)per corners. The front entrances, approached by hivh stoops, are sunounted by lintels carried nn brackets. The balustered handrailinzs, the newel posts and the yard railinq nt No. 154 are the ori!!inals.

Nc. 158A. This building, with a store at street level and apartments above, was Jesigncd by Crooklyn architect J. G. Glover in 1892 for M.H. Kern. Thc wall ylane of the buildin:: is advance:: and then carried back diavonally to mcet the end wall of No. 160,thus effectin!. a smooth transition bctwcen the two. The store front, with two display winhws beneath a bracketed rooflet, preserves its oriqina! appearance. The facadc is treated with c!iamnns' Fatternell bands of brickwork below the cornice and thirJ floor winllqwsills. It occupies the former rear yard of No. 78 Seventh Avenue.

No. 160-168 has been 'cscri!,c.? unJer No. 78 Seventh Avenue. It has a roof cornice which is very similar to those of Nos. 154-158, thus relating this corner apartment house to the three neo-Grec residcrxcs to the west.

NORTll SIDE (NOS. 85-167)

No. e5-95(97). This corner house has been described under Nc. 191 Sixth Avenue.

Nos. 99-109. These #iix Rornanesquc Revival qvwtment houses appear from the strect to be three Duildinps, since they share entrances under cavernous stone arche5 located at the ceneer of each pair. These entrances are flanked by full heinht shallow curved bay';. The buildinrs were benun in 1088 for Yessrs. Hill & Sharp of krooklyn and were desirncc! by thc well-known Manhattan architect C.P.H. Gilbert who was active ebewhere in the District. Each pair of units has ai completc ly symmetrical four-story brick facade with randnn ashlar basement. Terra cotta panels with handsome and iinusual floral Fatterns a4orn the walls an:! the bays beneath the third floor wind3ws. With the exceFtion of the ex! bays, all the hays arc crownec! by peake.3 slate Fables which are set at cornice level, just above the actual roofs of the bays. Just belcw the bracketer' czrnice, between the bays, there are sections of pattcrnerl brickwork. Thcrc is a bolr! sill course with cnr- bclled brickwork supportin? the rouqh-facec! stone winc!owsills at the second floor which runs the entire 1enl:th of the row.

Nos. 111-117. hilt in 1673 by architect-owner-carnentcr F. V. Swim of Zrooklyn, these four brownstone houses are esch three storics r-tcve 8 hioh basement. Less than sixteen feet wide, they have only txo windows at each upper floor, the sin7le parlor and basement windows bein2 unusuzlly wide. The oriqinal entries have trian,vlar pediments supported on neo-Grec console brackets enfmminq arches which are embellished with faceted keystones. The hrncketec! roof cornices repent the ncc-Grcc theme, except at No. 117, where the cornice has been removed. flandscme balustered handIailinTs remain at thc stocps of Nos. 115 and 117. A basement er-trance has been provic!ed at No. 113.

- 13- PS-HD

BERKELEY-___ PLACE Setween Sixth 6 Scventh Avenues a Nos. 119, 123, 125 (No. 121 has been omitted from the street numberin. system.] Tnese three brownstones display certain neo-Grec fentures. Quilt in 1874 by the builderleveloper Robert S. ?ussin?, they rise three stories above hiph rusticated basements. Lrond stoops, with the ori?inal bnlustered handrailin7s nn.1 newel posts at Nos. 123 and 125 lead up to arched doorways with peziments carricr! on bracketts above cnganec! columns. Reminiscent of the Italianate style, the cornices of the

tall parlor floor windows are carried cn carved console brackets. Further em- i ~ hellishin? these windows are narrow jvnels beneath the sills which display rircul'ar -3tifs at their centers. All three houses retain their uniformly bracketed roof: corniccs. ti i 8) ., Nos. 127-135. In 1080 these five brownstones were huilt by owner-architec5- builder T. H. hush of Grooklyn. They were planncd to accomodate three families; each, a radical departure in this area of sincle family J.welliny,s. With their full-heisht, two-sided bays, heavy bracketed cornices and incised ornament, they ' are typically neo-Grec. Their agitated cornice line contrasts pler?sinply with i the flush fronts of the houses to the west. The low stoops '?rc unusual for new i Grec houses in the rark Slope arca, nnd, with their low wing-walls with wrouqht *iron railings, they are very open in character. .,

:i Nos. 137-147. These six brownstones with full-heiTht, two-si-!e: bays were, I built by Park Slop architect-carpenter J. J. Gillinan in association with the ' developer-builder John Monas. Nos. 143-167 were built in 18G5 and Nos. 135-141 I werc built in 1888. Neo-Frec in style, they have three stories above hiTh basements, approacher! by stoops at all the houses. Some of them retain their original balus; tered cast iron han(trailin9s 2nd their yard rnilinns, best seen at No. 113. The, i neo-Grec pediments of the lintcls above the entrances are repeated, on R smaller! scale, at all the windows with their characteristic "ears" 2nd incised dccorztiQni. These two qroups of houses differ only in their roof cornices. The earlier Proup has heavy brackets beneath which there is a series of closely :pace? spindles seta into the fascia. The later :roup is less elaborate and has brackets with a series of horizontal molc!inEs belcw them.

Nos. 1C3-153. These three "flat houses", for four families each, were bepun in 1093 for owner Delanns of Cerkeley Place. The c1csic.n of the buildings is late Romanesque Revival with rough-faced limestone at the first floor and liaht-colored brick above. Limestone zrches crown the windows above the arched entrances, which are flanked by colonettes with basketwork ccpitals. The squareheaded triplc windows at the first floor are divitled by wood mullions and have transom bars with stainec!- gless transoms. Above these triple windows, shellow three-story bay windows, restinR on ornamented corbels, rise up three floors. The roof cornice is supportec' on evcn- ly spaced brackets above a row of dentils. ,# it

No. 155-157 is a one-story garaye which fills the former rear yard of No. 76 Seventh Avenue. ;* t~ 3,

No. (159-) 167 is the Inn2 side of the corner building, which is described ~ under No. 76 Seventh Avenue. >1

GERKELEY PLACE Cetween Seventh 6 Eighth Avenues ii

SOUTH SIDE (NOS. 170-252) id "7. 1:0(170-132) is th? entrn.?ce of the apartment housc which h3s a store : I at No. 75-77 Swenth Avenue. This symmetrical four-story Komanesque Revival ', facade has a series of arches with flush voussoirs set in rough-faced stonework! at the first floor. One of these arches has a small door beneath it and the i easternmost arch serves as the entranceway to the apartments above. 4; : ti 1, ?S-HD

DEIXELEY :'LACE Setwcen Seventh & Eiqhth Avenues

A r!isplny window of the store occupies the westernmost arch. Thc fenestration is convention21 .?lonr the ccntcr section of the upper floors, with scqmental arches at the thirc! floor an:! full arches at the fourth. ,'it the enJs of the faca?.e are thrce-side.' mctal bay brint!ows, which extend throuqh the second and thirl floors, crowned by triple windows with arches at the fourth. A terra cotta cornice, surmounted by a low parapet, ciisplnys an ornnmcntal frieze in low relief. A dcep open lot at the rear, east side, has permitted the inclusion of win(!ows alonr this side.

Mos. 134-202. These ten nco-Grec brownstones were built bring the years 1582-83 by owners Edward S. Sturyzs and John Magillican, in assnciation with architect Amzi Hill. These houses form a unificc! row althoueh certain variations in detailinc! appzar. They are thrce stories hiRh above bascmcnts, have fiill-hei?ht, two-sic!ed bays and all orir:inally hart hich stoqis. At three houses the stoops havc been replaccc! by basement entrances. Thc orizinal doorways have segmental arches, except for those at Vos. 131! and 136 which are squarc-heaJed. All the doorways arc flanked by grc1ovc:l pilasters en? brackets su?portiq simple ccrnico slab which aestill crowned by delicate iron crestings with corner finials at many of the houses. Typical neo-Gsec incised ornament aforns the win.?ow enframemcnts ana many of the windows are susmounte? by "cared" pedimental lintels. The roof cornices, which follow thc profilcs of the bays, have panels between the brockets at ?!OS. 190-202 and are decorated with low relief ornment nt 140s. 124-183.

No. 204, completely different from its angular neiahbcrs, has a flush face with two-story, three-sidel masonry oriel set on 3 heavy brxketecl corbel above the bpsement windows. It was published in 1CB5 in The Architect- :ynJ! -PEiJ$jnE Weekly, ?n architectural marpzine, an2 w'is described as bein? cwncd by D. A. Goodry an4 .+csizned by J. !I. linltcr, 5rchitcct. ?,lthouqh the housc has n rou?h-faced evenly coursed front wall, up thrciurh thc first floor, with rounr! arched entry, the brick walls of the upper floors, crownec! with c cornice c!ccorntec? with swaps ant! a Flemish Table above the dormer, show the influence of the then popular Queen Annne style. There is a refreshin? simplicity in the Cclicnte let:!il of this house BS contrastd with the scale of the hrowrmoncs to the wcst.

b!n. 206 is a six-story brick npnrtment hwsc with limestone fncinp at the: first floor. It was built in 1928 for the Neiel Co., Inc. ,and was desij7ned by; Erooklyn srchitcct Hilliam C. blintcr. The: brickwork cf the upper floors is ~f' Enqlish bond and a brick rznel, with vertically placed diamonls, appears on the front face of the Farapet, the top of which forms a low pediment. b Nos. 208-212. These three brownstone houses are tlcsiqnet! to for? an intcrestiny Plmost symmetrical, whole. They were becun in 1386. At the cnd hcuses, full-helFht, two-sidcd bays are carried forworc! to meet thcir more advanced neiohbors, while the centrnl house, No. 203, has a two-side:! bay to the rirht of the front 4hor. T$ese houscs nre very rectilinear, with horizontr.1 bnndcourscs interrupted by vertical pilasters which form panei:, I,encg.th the windows. The cornices are cnlivener! by bas-relief ornament and small pnnels. That at No. 205 retains its oriQinal rogf CYS: inc. cf cast iron, while No. 210 has bccn sunounted by a low monsnrd roof with dcr-nc: The dormer wlndow with broken pe.!iment enphasizes the bay. .? bnsemcnt entrance has bccn provideJ It No. 212. : No. 220 (No. 214-232:l. This seven-story brick apartment house is symrnetricnl- ly desimcd around a shallow centrnl entrance court. It was bullt in 1955 for the Tumar Dcvelopment Corporation an:! was desiqnc-! by the architectural firm of Kavy E Kavoritt . Flankinr: the en1:rance court arc twrJ tiers of sin(7le r!nuble-hunp viindqws, thc stone sills and lintel!; of which ,ire carried in toward the brcak in the wzll ?t the cmrt to qive the effect of corner windows. All the other windows are paire.! m-14 have horizontal Luntln:; and stone sills. A brick pmapct crowns the buildinc,. PS-HD

BERKELEY PLACE Between Seventh & Eighth Avenues

Nos. 234-238. These three handsome brownstones were begun in 1887 by owner- builder William Gubbins, who also erected a number of houses on nearby Eighth Avenue. They were designed by the well-known Brooklyn architect Charles Vlerner, who often worked in association with Gubbins. Although seemingly quite conventional, with full-height, three-sided bays, they have some very unusual detail: colonettes set in the angles of the bays, vertical grooving in the panels beneath the second and third floor windows and small squat pilasters between the attic windows. All retain their original paired doors, approached by high stoops with low wing-walls surmounted by handrailings terminating in newel posts. The enframement of the entrance at No. 234 has carved ornament and a curved molding which harmonizes with the colonettes of the bays.

No. 240 is a fine Romanesque Revival town house built for James Foster in 1187-88 and designed by Manhattan architect F. Carles Merry. It is remarkably similar stylistically to the corner house, No. 52 Eighth Avenue, also designed by Merry. The first floor and basement are faced with Euclid stone, set in random ashlar. The arch of the main entrance is flanked by columns of unusual design. they seem to grow from the stone. Faces peer from the foliate carving which surrounds this entrance. A two-story curved bay is crowned by a low wrought iron rai1ir.g and by a large triple window set in a terra cotta enfr,amed arch. In a broad band of brickwork, between the lintels of the first floors windows and the sills of those at the second, a diamond-shaped overall pattern is created through the use of molded brick with bosses. The wall above this level is brick and the three second story windows of the bay are set under a continuous drip molding. To the left of these windows, an ornamental colored glass window with arched top lpnds a dramatic emphasis to the front door below. The roof cornice, supported on curved brackets, has three small, square attic windows set in the band of the frieze below. An L-shaped stoop, with curved sweep at the bottom, has random ashlar stone wing-walls leading up to the arched doorway.

No. 242-252 is the long side of the mansion which is described under No. 52-52 Eighth Avenue. A one-story brick addition now occupies the former 'e rear yard.

NORTH SIDE (NOS. 169-251)

No. 169-179 is the long side of the two-story building, with extension behind it, described under No. 73 Seventh Avenue.

No. 181, a one-family brownstone, was built in 1881-82 by neighborhood owner-architect IVilliam Flanagan. k two-sided masonry bay rises full-height. Neo-Grec in style, it has characteristic incised decoration and preserves its original cast iron stoop, yard railings and bracketed roof cornice.

Nos. 183-195 (No. 189 has been omitted from the street numbering system). This row of six French Second Empire dwellings is very similar to the blockfront of 1871-72 on the east side of Seventh Avenue between St. John's Place and Lincoln Place, and was erected by the same two speculative builders, Robert S. Bussing and Philip 1. Cootey. No. 193 retains most of its original features and has, as do the others in this row, three full stories above a high rusticnted basement and a mansard roof with dormers. Originally, each of the arched entranceways, approached by a high stoop, was flanked by consoles supporting the pediment. These consoles, carved with acanthus, are repeated on a reduced scale at the long parlor floor windows where they support cornice slabs. New entrances at basement level have been provided at some of the houses. At No. 193 the original cast iron handrailings and yard railings have been retained. Charles Moore, president of the Montauk Club at the time when it was being built, lived at No. 195.

Nos. 197-221 (Nos. 201 and 209 have been omitted from the street numbering system). These eleven houses are the first of two long rows of neo-Grec brownstones begun in 1883 by Brooklyn owner-architect J. Dougherty E Son. They are three stories above high basements which are distinguished by horizontal grooves just a below the tops of the windows. Horizontal molded bandcourses define and emphasize the txo-sided masonry bays at cach Floor. Vost of the houses rztain their original hieh stoons lcnc?inq up tp sc?mcntnl-arched or squnrc-hended doorways, which zrcr; flmkw! hy qronve? 7ilasters an(! brackets supvortin? cornice slabs crnwnec! by i irnn crcstinps. The stone jnmbs of the windows, above the basement, have unusu31 chaiferinq at the edzcs. The left side nf the bay .?t No. 197 is carriccl wcr 51 to meet the end wall of No. 195, makinq a smooth transitinn from the flush frr?nt$ nc the French Secon3 hpirc, houses to the more a~itate.! nc+Grec row. The wn4!' roof cornices displcy an interestin? combinatim of fleurs [!e lis an-! rosettes sic! follmw thc angular ;)rofiles, of the bays. The nraceful cast irnn roof crestinv remnin: xt ?In. 21i and the ori?inal cast iron hpndrailinqs an81yzrc! rnilinxs are best seen-~ ?.t Un. 217. It No. 221 an entrance has heen nrwi.ied nt basement level. ,>

,II, flos. 223-235. This rrw of seven ncr\-Crcc brrwnstoncs, erccted in ?C83-G4, ;w.s built Fy the same cwner-architect117nsically, it is very similm to the a6jcinine. yrwy. The entrclnce Awrwrys, howcvcr, nrc different, with crmcnve ymels bcnegth the wrc CrnRte cornice slabs. Nns. 223, 231 anJ 235 retain thcir nrininal c?st irw hanr!rxli& ?.t the stwp nn? scme hnuses in this row ret;?in thcir crestiiles over thc entrmce cqrnicc sln?:s. , 'i (b!cs. 237 nnd 239 have 'Jcm nnittc,' from the strcct numberin? system). !<

No. 241-251 is the Im? siAc of the mnnsar!-rnnfcc! cs-rncr !wil?inv, L!cscribcJ un!cr No. 50 EiEhth Avenue.

-ERKELFY PLACE Uctwccn Eirihth rwcnuc 6 i'lazn Strcet t , L_-_-____ 1

SOETF! SIDE (NOS. 254-276) h

N J. 254-262 is the lm7 siik ?f the corner hruse, with rcnr lot, kscriho';+ under th. 51 Einhth Lvenuc. *, Nns. 264-272. This row -6 fivc handsvnc brownstnnc rcsidcnces in the shrrk, r?rk !?lock presents n tlistin~uishc' yparance. These threc-story houses ?tvvei hi?!.

5asements were all !wilt in 193547 by owner-builc!er Villim Guhbins, accorc!innl i ~ tr the plans nf architect Charles "'crner. The twc men were active tyether elsewhere rn Gerkelcy an! in the District. The thrcc-si4cJ k3ys r~fthc hwses are full- hei,*ht with bo13 brnckete,i ml Fanclerl cnrnicos which make an interestin; profile wainst the sky. :.pproachei! by high stcnrs, with halustere:! cast iron han.!rzilipgs an,: massive newel prsts, tho Inu!ilc frnnt c'wrs are flanked by ;.il.-stcrs. l?b-vei these pilrstcrs, breckets carry stme balccnies with ornamental pmels. bscment entrances hnvc been prnvilled nt bJos. 264 :?nJ 270. The overall effect of these 110uses is sevcrcly rcctiline3i. This is yrticulnrly noticeable in thd tiere6 windows'! nbrve the entrnce ?.qrrs, wlicrc the enfr3memcnts -?re mrde vertically ccntinucust, and in the severely simple trcatmnt of the snnrth stnnew-rk of the b~yswhich . arc relicvc.? by hcrizcntnl ,mmvin*- cnt! ty enre- srnxxmtal Tancls beneath thef widot I: NO. 274-276. This lary house was built fcr Georyc ". Tnnzemsn in 1890-91' md desiFne.2 by thc well-kncwn Mmhattm architectural fim of L~nt& Rich. Tenqenan was ?. 2rc-klyn cnprtalist kh?se fortune WP.S mar'e through the bynl ?-n*!/ Cleveland Cnkin; P-wder Compnny. h son-in-low cf the note4 Hr?,eclanc! family, he served ?s a trustee of the !lna?lmi! Laboratory in Cobble Hill. The housetwas so; m~cI1-ahire3 by architects that it was illustrate:! in one of the very few helipchron prints of the "Iin?crinl Edition" cf the ~--.American Architect & Cuilr!inr News. (?late No. 3.'!ci, Feb. 27, 1392). %sically Ronanesque Revival in its picturesque espuPl$try, it nonetheless heralded thc new Classicism in many of its detzils. Twn cmr! one' hrlf stories !iiqh, it has a two-story curved bay tn the left of the entrance. khc Pmmesque kvival features include the nassive rnuqh-faced pranitc wall which La- frmes thc oyn terrace in front, the Roman brick used at the secmc'. floor, the!: lop?ia-likc window with columns between the wincicws above the frcnt door and the. i ft

-47- PS -ID

ELRKJ2LEY PLACE Between Eighth Avenue E Plaza Strect

ir great central dormer window, with cherub brackets, set in the tilc roof with snail lights in the upper sash of its windows. The roof is a quaintly designed gam5 brel with copper-faced Dutch steps running up the sides to meet the high ynn&cd chimneys near the apex of the roof. The emerging Classiclsm is at once evident: in the front door enframemcnt, where a handsome egg and dart frame is surmoidted by an entablature with the anthemion honeysuckle motif in the friezc; in the details of the loggia-likc window above it, including thc Ionic capitals of the columns and thc shcll motifs centered in each of the lintel-blocks: and I, in thc very delicate cornice at the eaves which also extends around the top &€ the curved bay. A rccessed window, with boldly patterned stained glass,appcars to the right of the cntrnncc. A narrow alley to the left of the house serves'! thc rcnr of the lot.

278-234 is thc short sidc of thc "3erkclcy Plaza Apartments,"'t (KO. i' No. 39-41 Prospect Park West, which is outsidc the Historic 9istrict.) i WRTII CIDE (NO. 253-263)

No. 253-263 is thc long side of the corner house, with rear lot, described ilndcr Pro. 49 Eighth lvcnuc.

(No. 265-279 is thc lnrgc corncr npnrtmcnt house, No. 25 Plaza j Strcct, which is outside thc klistoric District.) t

CARROLL CTRLET

i One of the most serene and charming streets in the District is ) Carroll Strect, named in 1869 for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Maryland, n i signer of the Declaration of Independence. Tal1 London planc trees line thc :I; blockfronts between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. The blockfronts west of Eighth ,I Avcnuc arc visually unified. ir? contrast, thQse to the east contain an interesting variety of architect-designed residcnccs and some highly individual! groups. Brownstones with rhythmically repeated full-height bnys and high f 1 stoops dominate the western blockfronts, whilc a strikingly harmonious blend : of materials, textures, colors and stylcs appcars towards the east. TerminatinR this handsome street at the Prospect Pnrk !lest end arc two grand limestone ' i! mnnsinns which face each other. F

? -CARROLL STREET Between Seventh Avenue & Polhcrius Place f; i: SOUTH SIDE (NOS. 776-784)

i, Nos. 776-782, the first four houses within the District on this i, sidc of the strcet, were begun in 1895 by Brooklyn -irchitect-owner Edward t$ S. Betts. These four houses were dcsigned to create R unified street facade,: using Roman brick, limestone trim 2nd a continuous copper raof cornice. The f; two center houses are unusually nrrangcd with a stone enfrnnement which h. oriqinally surrounded the two entrance door wzys and the windows between then:.: Separoted only by mullions with pilasters, these windews are horizontally '< unified by their cnfrnmemcnt, their stone transom bars and their cnntinucus sills. Thc -.vor?ll cf Fect of symnccry is fi~aint?inc' t: !'y tho tlxoc-si.'cd c-pper-c-verci nriels nt thc second floor level of the two',

-48- PS-HD

C?IR!:OLL STREET

end houses. i'aother oriel, probably an a!!iticn, vpenrs ?.t No. 720 an.4 prc.viq!es the only note of aspiletry in the entire comysition. The treztment of the donr, xnd win-!c,w enframemen1:s at the en? houses intccrates the elcments in a manner

akin to the innnvative style emerrinr at the sxe tine in Chicyo, with Frmk '8 Lloyd I'kipht its most notable p-actitioner. t

No. 7S4, at the wrncr of Pclhemus Place, was besmn in 1283 anL? aesizne! by; 3-wkly-n architect Charles 'Yerner for !~illi:mA. Hall. It is constructe-t of briyk with rough-faced browristnne trim. ;:esicnlly Romanesque Revival in style, it has an unusual horseshoe-arched entrance prch, surnountei! by a duck with sn oFenwo;k stone parapet. A striking Fenturc is the mlyiynal hay at tho corner, nc?w raisej one floor above the original roofline, the diagonal of which may be seen from . Polhemus Place. The sir!.e elevation on Polhemus Place has an intercsting brick i chimney stxk, exFressin:; the flues within, cnrrid on a hrick corbel, nnrl arche2 windows and recessed bay wiii!ows. Romnncsque carvinz apears in the blocks at . the ends of the rskinc: enve Li--s-?r:n ir. the c?:::?.?s 6f t:1c..tol:rrctzes ?.t tke :Toat entrance porch. 1, , ChRROLL STREET Eetwccn Folhmus Placc & Fiske Plxe -- I

SIDE (Nos. 736-CO4) ii.I !! This row of nine houses occupies this entire blnckfront. It was begun in i' ln39 by builder John MavilljCan of Tcrkcley Place. niey are three-story brownstones above high basements, with full-height , three-sir!ed mnsonry brys. MolJings provi5e horizontal accents anc! interesting shsdows at each floor of the bays. With only,cne exception, all have retaineL! their oriyinal rouqh-faced hrownstone stoops an:: al$o their handsome, oripinal double doors ?m! doorways. The usc of the rouqh-faced] Stone is rqeated in broac! ban<& heneath all thc windows. Thcse houses me typical Pfrk Slore brownstones of the late 1827s, with mascnry transcx bars and stained glass; transom at some of the prlor floor windows. In the work that Efagilliyan dir! bn this block in the late 13305., we see a stylistic propression typic?-1 of thet follow- er! by so many other builders, in the area. Gra-lually the neo-Grec was supenz.l&i by the increasinEly popular, more fsrmnl classical styles and by the Queen bane; : stylc. No. 802-ZO4 has a lmy hrick facaJe with full-hei:Tht bay anc! corbelleml f{ chimneys on Fiske ilnce. Nrb. 7G6 has an entrance ?n Polhemus rlace. !-I !. .% CARROLL STREET Cctwecn Fiskc Place & Eivhth Avenue #; i? 'E . SOUTH SIDE (Nos. C06-024) 1: g.. Nos. 606-312. This rnw of fcur resi;'.ences was built in 1391-92 anc! was deb: signed by architect Jchn C. rurnc of Manhattan fnr !Ylliam Imine who lived wsS;t! of the District. Romanesque in their overall jesi-n, they nonetheless herald the new Classicism in some of their detail. These thrce-stwy brownstones are an 5 interestinp contrrst t3 the hcuses built two years earlier on the blockfront to the west. While the effect of that blockfront was one of shaq sngulerity, thehp c!ivified. residences have a combination qf flush walls with curved two-story bays. !'road bancls cf foliate carve2 ornament, interspersed with human masks and animal1 figures, contrast with the cctherwise smonth stonework of the hays. The entnnc:? doorways ilrc approachel by L-shnpcr' stoops, except at No. 606, where 3 basementi, entrance has bcen ?rovidec!. These tloorw?.ys havc scmi-clrculer arches with carve?! span?rel ranels at Nos. C10 anc! 812. The flanking rilasters, surmountc? by carve1 : cn7itals and brackets, suppost unusual stnnc-roofed entcblatures. The winhws ?: nbove the ?omways have arched nc,!imonts, with human hea:!s mr! carving in thc ; tyny?nn, suFportec! nn Cecp breckets. The sheetmetal roof cornices are classic&

ii PS-HD

CARROLL STREET Between Fiske Place 6 Eighth Avenue i-, in detail with dentils and brackets. Paneled stone wing-wzlls are striking feajtures of the L-shaped stoops, which have arched openings with grilles at sidewalk leve'l. The brick side of No. 806 is described under No. 1-7 Fiske Place. The red brick apartment house at the corner, No. 814-824, which closes the blockfront, is described under No. 130 Eighth Avenue. Fi i, CARROLL STREET Between Seventh 8 Eighth Avenues

NORTH SIDE (NOS. 749-801) 1 Two local builders who lived within the District, John Magilligen 2nd 1 Irjilliam Flanagan, developed this entire blockfront between 1886 and 1889, with thc exception of only one house. 4

ti Nos. 749-763, the first eight houses within the District on this side were begun in 1886 by the neighborhood architect-builder John Magilligan. These ~ brownstones with full-height, two-sided bays are typical examples of the French. neo-Grec style more fully described at Nos. 115-137 on the north side of St. John's Place. Of this three-story row above high basements, only two retain the cast iron handrailings, balusters, newels and yard railings of their stoops. It is likely that they all had small balustrades nbove the cornice slabs of the entrances, but only one remains, at No. 753. The roof cornices have moldings I and panels. _I -2 Nos. 765-775. 12-1887 John Magilligan began building these six brownstone?, introducing to the blockfront full-height, three-sided masonry bays. In practically all respects, these buildings are similar to NGS. 927-341 President Street and have some neo-Grec detail. Many of the original cast iron balustered, yard railings and handrailings with sturdy newel posts remain at the stoops. At No. 765 and No. 769 the charming carved panels, beneath the central parlor floor windows, and the capitals of the pilasters of the bays are enlivened by I. cherub heads depicted in various mods. The roof cornices are similar te those; of Flagilligan's row to the west, with the addition of brackets. ', Nos. 777-789. This row of seven brownstones was also built by owncr- crchitect John Magilligan but was begun a year later, in 1888. Stylistically, the houses are similar to those he built across the street in 1889 (Nos. 786-794), with full-height bays with curved sides. These houses are approached by high, . L-shaped stoops with low, rough-faced stone wing-walls. This rough-faced stonewwk reappears in bands beneath all the windows. 8

Nos. 791-797. William Flanagan, one of the principal developers of the i; District, was the owner-architect of this masonry row beyn in 1902. The orna-!, ment of these handsome houses alternates in an ABAB pattern. Nos. 795 and 797 arc of brownstone; the other two are limestone which became more popular after the ?, turn-of-the-century as the nco-Classical influence increased. These houses have full-height curved bays, accented by horizontal moldings and panels of ornament:: At Nos. 791 and 795 the piers of the bays and the pilasters flanking the doorways are rusticated and these entrances are crowned by triangular pediments. enframing cartouches. Nos. 793 and 797 have pilasters with ornate capitals ' separating the windows at the parlor floors, Ionic at No. 793 and Corinthian at. No. 797. These orders, repeated at the semi-engaged fluted columns flanking I the entrances, support entablatures crowned by ornate crestings. The L-shaped stoops of these houses have square, fluted posts at Nos. 793 and 797, carved ; panels in bas-relief and small segmental-arched openings with iron-grilles on the street side. 3 /' I. 1 j'

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CARROLL STREET Between Seventh 6 Eighth Avenues

No. 799 is the only house on the blockfront not built by either Magilligan' or Flanagan. It was built in 1889 and designed by Brooklyn architect Albert E.'l White for James C. Jewett. White also designed Nos. 876 and 878 President Street. Originally it may have resembled the President Street houses, but in 1918 the house was altered to its present neo-Federal appearance by architect George Chappell of Manhattan who had a long and distinguished career in the history of Brooklyn ' architecture. It is faced with Flemish bond, buff-colored brick and has an Englbh basement. The basement (first floor) walls are faced with stone in random ashlar. The main feature of 'the facade is the handsome copper-clad oriel, centered at the parlor floor, with arched central window set in a pediment. The second story paneled window lintels are also typical of the neo-Federal style. A paneled briFi: and stone parapet crowns the stone roof cornice. No. 801, the red bri,:k apartment building at the end of the blockfront, is described under No. 118 Ei,

CARROLL STREET Between Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park West

Nos. 115 and 123 Eighth Avenue provide a fine introduction to this handsomk street. The Carroll Street side of No. 123 Eighth Avenue has a refined, urbane quality when compared with the robust vigor of the -eat Romanesque Revival house, No. 115, on the opposite corner. The blockfronts between Eighth Avenue and Pros- pect Park West contain soma of the most notable houses in the District, many designed by prominent Manhattan architects. '8 $ x: SOUTH SIDE (NOS. 826-898) "1 ):.; Nos. 826-836 is the long side of No. 123 Eighth Avenue. It is crisply %' handled in a perfectly symmetrical manner, and is neo-Italian Renaissance in character. The formal vertical grouping of the windows at the center is enlivened -: by the ornate enframements of the oval and square windows which flank it. Tiers: of windows at the ends of this side elevation lend further emphasis to this wnllj. The high wrought iron yard railing is o:)en, airy and elegant. t No. 838 (No. 840 has been omitted from the street numbering system). This! is unusually fine Romanesque Revival brownstone residence probably designed by the.; noted Manhattan architect Charles P.H. Gilbert at the same time as the neigh3orhg houses, Nos. 842 and 846. No. 838 was commissioned by James H. Remington, a di$- tinguished lawyer, a president of the Unite6 States Law Association, a member of;' the Montauk Club, and n well-known collector of books and pictures. The corner; tower crowned by a conical slate roof is the most striking feature of this picturesque asymmetrical house, providing a dramatic contrast to the lower, symmetrically organized classical elevation of the house to the west. It is balanced by a strong vertical composition at the left. The arched doorway, with dwarf columns, is paired with its adjoining window and forms a frame for the curved corbel of the three-,' sided bay window above. This bay window is in turn surmounted by four arched Gin- dows in the plane of the wall, the whole being crowned by a triple-window dormer, with richly ornaaented peaked gable and finials. Low stone walls enclosing the i areaways sweep up to form the wing-walls of the stoop. The house is surfaced aL- most entirely with rough-faced stone laid up in random ashlar, with smooth-faced trim at doors and windows.

No. 842. This wide h.mdsome residence, designed in 1887 by C.P.H. Gilbert in late Romanesque Revival style, was built for George W. Kenyon. Three stories in height, the house is constructed of buff-colored Roman brick with brownstone trim. In design, the house echoes the asymmetrical composition of No. 838, with its tier of square-headed, mullioned windows with masonry transom bars at the right, crow-ed by a gable enriched by chevron-patterned brickwork and four slit windows. The left side of the house is dominated by a curved bay at the second story and the entrance doorway, which is *;lightly off center and has unusual V-shaped stonework in the arch. Like its neighbor, No. 846, the arched entrance is approached . by a low stone stoop. ],lo. 846 (No. 844 has been omitted from the street numbering system). This fine residence of 1857 is quite individual in the subtle quality of its design, '

-51- t CARROLL STREET Between Eighth k.wnue E Prospect Park West

,a perhaps reflecting the taste of its owner, Charles Robinson Smith. It was also built according to plans by C.P.H. Gilbert. In style, it is transitional from late Romanesque Revival to neo-Italian Renaissance. The light-colored, rough- ,, faced stonework at the first floor, typical of the Romanesque Revival, is effec-! tively contrasted with the smooth, deep orange-colored brick used at the upper i floors. It has an unusual asymmetrical arrangement at the parlor floor, with .:' an exceptionally wide, Romanesque Revival arched doerway balanced by the square- headed mullioned window at the left. A low stone stoop with curved wing-walls, similar to No. 838, sweeps up to the entrznce. The fenestration of the upper stories, equally well-handled, and the roof ccrnice presaqe the newly awakened interest in Italian Renaissance architecture. The roof cornice is extremely unusual, with a deep overhan? carried on projecting rafters and carve2 end brackets terminating in animal heads. The wall between the brackets displays a modifier? fret design beneath dentils, all in brick.

(Continued on the next page) L

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CARRnLJ, .- STREET ____ Betwcen Eii:htti Avenue 7 Prnspcct Pnrh '"cst

M. i?M wns built in 1905 and is n nnrrow four-story house rcflectin!: the pnpulnrity of red brick with liiwstone trim nt thc turn-of-the-century. The architect was p!illiam 3. Greenman, who 1iveJ at Nn. 9 Prospect Park '"est at that time. It is an intercstinp exnmple of the frce cnnbinntion d styles of the Eclectic pcriod. The two-story, ccntrnl, three-sidel bay is carried on fluted cqlumns set on low steps in front of thc first-flmr cntrancc (loorway. The stone bay is cmph>.sizeri where it is keyed to the brickwork betwecn the wiJc stone bands at the sccnnd ancl third story levels, which rcpeat thc mntcrial of the smooth wall below. The windows have muntins terminated by smnll pointed arches, rcpeatinp thc motif found in the ironwork nt thc first floor.

110. 850-52. This residence, built in 1922 for Iklrs. Emily Dalzell whosc family vas engage.1 in the lightcrap business, was designed by the notcd architect :ictt 6. Schmidt, '3f Manhattan. In style it is neo-Fcdernl, and construct ed of buff-colored Flemish boncl brickwork. It w2s onc of the lnst great, private residences built in the District. The housc has an English basement (first flnnr) entered just above strect level. The arched doormy, with lcnded lunette and flutcd columns, is8 complemented by the two archei1 windows wit!) muntins nt the left, set in shallow arched rccesscs with stone roscttes between them. Sepn- ratinv the Enrlish basement from the floor abovc is a stone bandcourse provitlinq R hnse for the brick quoins. The rectnn1:ular upper story windows with muntins hnvc splnycc! brick fl*it erclies. ;, delicate carnice sepnrntes the third floor frnm thc neq-FeJcrnl attic story.

(No. 854 has been omitted from the street numbcrinl: system.)

b!n. 356 and 855. This cxceptionnlly handsome, unified pair of houses, three and one-half stories high, was built in 1889 for Ford, Mnqen & Grant. Vhile the arches of the first floor Ere Roinanesque Pevival, the houses arc basically neo-Colonial in character. Random, rough-faced brownstone was used for thc basement and for the high, divided stoop, providin: an effective contrast in color and texture to the smooth-faced, orangc-colored Roman brick above. The desicn of the first floor is skillfully handled, with the paired doorways and wi4e flankinF windows unified by the rhythm of their arches. The Colonial features arc esnccinlly evident in the fan desirn of the nrchcd lunettes above these tloors pnd windows, althou~hthe stained glass is in t!ie Romnnesque ".viva1 tradition. The double-huny windows have twelve linhts in the upper sash, with plate class below, the muntiw .ci;>,-7 p .>-rr.l-111,,~ :L.vivzlfcr.turc. The flat arches at the heads have slencier carvcd keystones. Pedinented dormers anJ tall corbelled chimncys are set in the slat12 roof above the garlnnded sheetmetal cornice.

?lo. 860. Tlie picturesque conbination of P.onnnesque Revivnl and queen hnc elements is exe-pljficd by this house built nt about the same time as the Pdioinino houses. This narrow residence of Rown brick and brownstone has Treat charm 2nd suqyests the influence of "lilson Cyrc nf Philadelphia. This is es- necinllv npn;rrent in the larrle arched win6.w next tn the doorway and in the stcep ?able with its paired arched windows and the ~lclivlit~ulhooded dnrmers set hiyh in thc roof.

:lo. 862 was built in 1359 for Zbby J. Cri!ls, and desiqned by the booklyn nrcliitect F.R. Lnnys,ton in a style coipbinine Qovanesque Revival and Rcnaissnnce elements. Fisinr! from a flutcd corbel restin? on an ornate console IS a two-story, shallow hay with curved corners. The use of a two-story bay at the u?ner floors and of light-colored brick above R rough-faced basement and limestme trim gives a character to this house wliicii is similnr to I,anj:ston's work OF the +me veriod on Lincoln Place near Sixth ;'\venue. Sn cntrnnce has been provided at the basement lcvel.

"os. 864-372. 'rillinn E. Tubby, a well-known 'Ianhattn:i architect, de- siqne? this picturcsquc row of five houses, which IUS huilt in 13S7. Tubby was t'ie architect of the later, hnndsoiw Jacobean stylc tovnhousc nt Yo. 53 Prosrcct ?ark Vest. Fine examples of the heen lnne style, these five Iiouses display a bronc! range of contrasts in the materials used. rouzh-faceJ hrownstonc, hrick, tile, wooJ and she~t~ietnl.The qroup has n rambling character with R picturesque profile above the cornice recallin.: the work of the Enf.lish architect Richard Norman Sliaw, with whom the style is zenerally associate.1. The !ow-lyin? horizontnlity is achieved nrirnnrily hy eTtcndin- thc tile of the slopin? roofs doim over the vcrticnl third floor wall to n line just above tlic second story wintloi\is. Tliis is furtlier criphnsizcr! by the continupus bandcourse above the fii-st st,>ry, the shape and nnirinr: of t!ie wimlows and bays and the broad low arches of the entrances. Charncteristically Oucen Znnc,

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CARROLL STZET Between Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park West the upper sash of the windows and bays is divided into many small lights while the lower half is generally of plate glass. The paired Romanesque Revival arched entrances are arranged so skillfully that one is unaware that there are five units. The subtle variations in design are nowhere more apparent than at the red tile roofs: at No. 864 the roof is slightly convex with a broad, low dormer at the center; at Nos. 868 and 870 pseudo-hipped roofs are set against the incline of the main roof, flanked by hooded dormers at No. 868 and with a distinctive central I*eyebrow"window at No. 870. The crowning terminal feature of the row is the high Flemish gable which rises directly out of the third floor at No. 872. Another Flemish feature appears in the stepped party walls at the roofs, separating the houses. The entrances of Nos. 870 and 872 are still set back behind the great archway. No. 872 retains most of its original features including the fascinating iron work at the shared stoop with high central wing-wall. No. 874. The neo-Georgian residence at No. 874, was designed in 1904 by the firm of Mowbray & Uffinger and was built for the senior partner, Louis M. Mowbray. Red brick is laid up in Flemish bond with contrasting stone used at the English basement (first floor) and in the trim. The Palladian window, with blind arch centered over the columnar entrance porch, is the dominant feature. A brick parapet with balusters, rising above a classical cornice, gives appropriate finish to this handsomely proportioned building. Nos. 876 and 878. This pair of houses designed by the Brooklyn architectural firm of Chappell & Bosworth in 1911, was built for Arthur and Edward Beggs. They are alike except for differences between their entrance porches and the two-story limestone bay at No. 876. The handling of the red brick and stone and the detaiis is somewhat akin to the neo-Georgian of the period, but more original in concept. Horizontal bands of stone at the second and fourth story sill levels and a continuous modillioned roof cornice unify the houses. The windows of the second and third floors have enframements of stone and are linked by brick panels at the fourth floor. The windows are divided by pointed muntins at the top, similar to those at No. 848.

Nos. 880-888. In 1894, this group of five late Romanesque Revival houses was built for E. W. Ford. They are very different in style from the later neighboring houses on the block. These houses have high straight stoops, but the roof cornices are approximately level with those of the houses to the west. A robust group, with rough-faced limestone and light-colored Roman brick, these five houses present generally flat, chunky facades with an emphasis on the horizontal. Inter- rupting their massive walls are two-story rounded bays at Nos. 882 and 888, the latter defining the eastern end of the group. Within the vocabulary of the Romanesque Revival there is a great variety of window treatments: round arches, flat arches, paired and triple windows, some with stone mullions and transom bars. Nos. 880, 882 and 888 best reflect the qualities of the late Romanesque Revival, while the cornice of No. 886, with its swags and dentils, illustrates influence of the new classicism of the World's Fair of 1893. In contrast to the Romanesque Revival houses to the west, the side of 890-838, (also described under No. 18 Prospect Park West), has an elegant neo-Italian Renaissance refinement expressed in the rusticated first floor with smooth-faced limestone above. Two pairs of fluted Ionic pilasters, one at each end of the building extend up to the roof cornice from above the rusticated first floor. The outstanding feature of this perfectly balanced elevation is the handsome Palladian window at the center of the first floor. Emphasizing this high point of the Park Slope area are the two great chimney stacks.

NORTH SIDE (NOS. 803-8731

Nos. 803-813. This extremely handsome large double Romanesque Revival house at the corner is described under 115-119 Eighth Avenue.

-54- e

No 215 was built in 1336 fer the Chnrles 1'. Ch3pln family which move:' hzrc fr-m '., ScccmJ i'lncc in C?rroll G;?r.'cns. Tht hmsc i~ns'csiqncc' in 2nnmesquc i'e\rivnl stylc by 'rwklyn Prchitcct H. L. tlnrris. There is ?n intcrcstinr ccntrast I>ctwccn the brit€. qxr fl9crs nn ' th? f'r-wnstme l-clw. Larqc :blqcks ,-f rounh-fnc- c1 stone in thc hxciteut ?nJ l-.wcr hnlf -f thc ;'?rlnr fl-r nrovi'e n fnil fnr tho sm4l sc,?lc rnnlon -3,;hlrir in thc u?yr h-.lf. Twn 1~1"Trchcs cnfrnmc rho wi!c win- ,!( ws of the pnrlor f Lnm, cnc rf which w?s the nriyinnl entrmcc. The mchcs, rcctin- ?t th2 ccntcr belcw the sccl ,n' str.ry rricl~hive rnuqh-fxc v-ussin-rs sprinTiiif: frca 3ccrr-tc 1 bm'cwrscs scrvinl. TS iri?ost blxks. This curve:' ericl, with unusinlly hcnvy stc'na :mllims ktwccn hi?h, nirr:w win+ws, rcsts c-n P TrTce- frilly curvc! crrbcl which Fcllnws thc iinc of the vchc' winr!cws 'lilcw. A \'cecly reccssc,! eiitrnncc has hen 1)r'vi'e 1 -.t ?>-.semcnt lcvcl.

3-s. 317-831. This r':w of eiqht i:r-n?ncs:;ue i'cviv?l hnuscs w?.s built in 1596 fcr C. P. !)cnriny nn ! 'esi$Tnc! '.y ' rocklyn nrchitcct T!I.T~~tkbh!: n, !::.th frog the Ccbblc icill nrc-. The hou:jcS ?.re i.rwns:wc n: the first flwrs an' T.nscwnts, wit!. ::m;icn brick ,?ht vc. The cn,' rosi !cncos nf rlic (:reup, %s. 817 nn' C31, ?lave full-hci-ht, shall1 w bm-w fronts which pr-vi !e cffective tcrnin.?tims fnr thc rpw. The six houses bctvccn thcri, $:s. :;19-$27, ,,rit:in?lly hz' pnire' stnnps Tivinn cm!~!i?sis t- thc cntrnnccs. ^*sendnt cntrnnccs h?vo bcen prnvi!c' 7-t svc of thc Iiiuscs. The ropctitinn CF the rwn.l-r.rcheq1 wiii!rivs in thc tq- story is 4n unifyinl fdoturc nf mst t-,P the center hcuscs. 'it f\l(-s. SI'), C21, 1127 nn.: 329 there ?re in- tercstini:ly enfrzne.' triTlc wind-ws 2.t the thir I flwr levcl. Thcro ?re sh:lll.-i. ~ curvc!, tw-st-ry bays in the nirLl1e yir contrnstinp uith tha wlycpn?.l b?ys ?f thc pnirs flankin? then. C'ISVU! [:oiianeswc ''rnvwnt cnbcllishes the p--.Tlw flc-rs ?.nrl st,-ops.

(Nc. 333 has b~en:rnitte-' frr.9 ;!IC strc-ct nuribcrini: systm.)

Nrs. 335-C51. The mxt nine heuses wcrc built !iy the ncinhl>c.rhc-+-d wner- builder-Trchitect, :!ill1 irn Flinnyn. P!ns. 33C-Y5, 2 rw (if six, wcrc built in l:?X, tiw ycnrs nfter Nos. 2:7-851. Thcir hciT?it ,?n i~c~'-~cn?~iss~nccchzrxtcr, SD tpical of the ni !-11353s, cr.ntrcst with the I\ri-mesque levivnl hcuscs n,Ij?ininc thcm t- the west. T!icy qlsi prrari :c an inc'icatim r.f F1?nnv-?.nss,-1evclpymt, 3s seen six ycnrs leter in his rrw rlt i'ns. 731-737 Cam-11 Street, hctwecn Scvcnth mil Einhth Avcnues. llcrc hc ha; use' tirwnst )nc m.' limcstf'nc fnr the h7ust.s. In bnsic (1csim they nrc 211 ,!llkc, with thrr3c-stnry elliytical r?.smry bys, thrce- sitlc; at thcir to!' fleOis. Cclcnettcs scylrntin;r the win!?ws qf these :t-.ys exten:' up throuyh two ntories. Th:: pml-r flvr win-','ws h~vcmnscnry trnnsv bms with StPincil "lass transnms -S,w:! thcn an:! carve? crnment in the wile bm's ZFPears abwc the pnrlnr flf\Orwinl'\ws m! nt thc entr?.nces. Thc entrance .?t b%. P45, rc- :>lace 1 !'y 2 win low at i.'r,. X7, ha.: cTrvc'I ml 'in.- Cnfr?.iScnerits in c'sntrnst tn the colunnnr cnfrnnlencnts at th: othcr hwscs. Thz kuhl2 .'vrs nt ?lo. ?G5 have six 1if:hts t!ecr\rntC? with wnurfit irm rrillcs,with 2 lion ?ask in thc center 4 erxh linht. Nos. X7-;2Sl have flush wnlls ?t tha tc,p stnrics ns oypse-' t' the wcll Frc2ks above the bnys ..r the. lntcr hwscs tc. the west. The shcctwtnl rnof c'irnicm r.f the cntirc row h-vc flcrrl !csir:ns in the friazcs .in' cnntinuws 'CCP bracket suyr?rt s .

W. 853 wis crccLzl in 1'32 by I)uil,:er Harvey ?4urAock, the Jevcl ycr c.f Mont- f'wxy Place. This han 's3ne Eonnncsqui kviv*.l hwse wns ?csimc ' by Chnrles krner. It offers 2- stu!y in thc picturcs'!uc mssin:! chnrnctcristic .-xf this stylc. Thcrc is a vxricty nt ench flow in icxtarc an.! cclnr, ?r-vi-!c'! !.BY brwnstcne, 1 rick nnc! the ornnnental treatnent. Tnc hausc is n~~pczchc~'by nn L-sfi?FeJ stor?? with ?. ncntly curvc,!, low stone railing fncc 1 with rx-h-fncc;' rzn!cm "sh1.r n?s- mry. The hscncnt wll, cxtcni'ini. UT' tc. thc yx1-r flrr>rwinjewsills, hns the s.7~stmework. .., <'ccply rcccssed mtrnnce ycrch is sp-mnc' by -I wih arch restin? on sqwt colunns with carve:. c?.yit?ls. An cnenrwrk stwc b-nlcnny wll sur- vunts the norch. At thc right of this porch, ii thrce-sick'. 11q.y rises two sttlrics teninatin:, in n b?.lcony with brick pnrapet nt thc thir! flnor. The izin w--11 pl-:ne of Lrick is crL,une,! !?y 9. ne%kc: *:?.':lc vith stone finial nn-' copinp en either si'c of which riszs 3- steep sl?.te roof. Thc vl.1~is f1nnke:l by yseulo-bai-ti:arc,

-55- PS-!,"

---CrWlmL!, S'FEET 7etween Eighth Avenile Fr Prospect park "est

linked by a pebble-surfaced horizontal ban6 which serves as a lintel for the third ,. floor band of windows. This treatnent is used again in the voussoirs of the three arched windows in the zable.

Vos. 855-861. This four house row was built in 1892 for Allan Brothers 5 Con- pany, Arbuckle Building, Drooklyn, an6 was desiped by Brooklyn architect Stanley polden. This handsone row is skillfully desiped as a unit, in which one is not so much aware of the individual houses as the group. Althouyh basically Ronnnesque Revival in style. the houses display much Italian Renaissance detail. Interest is achieved by an alternatinc ARAR pattern, an3 by a colorcul use of materials- limestone, rough-cast brick, orav.ge rlonan brick, copper and dark red tile. A11 the residences have strairrht limestone stoops and rough-cast brickwork at the basement walls extending up to the limestone belt course at narlor floor windowsill level. The A type buildinas have nyrmidal roofs above deeply projecting eaves with ornate arching copper brackets and wreaths below. The ' 3' type houses have siqilarly placed pseuJo-hipped rooFs set anainst the slopes of the min roofs. The '4' type houses have large triple windows at the third floors, with columns crowncd by Eyzantine corbel blocks supportinp. the lintels, creatinr: the effect of open loggias and enhancing the apparent width of the buildinns. Richly oinamcnted copper oriels with tiled hip?ed roofs, a: the second floors, are the dominant feature of these houses. 'The arches abo>.re the entrance doorways and windows are unusual in havin;: ribs OF molded brick which sprinz from carved capitals set above cmved linestone japbs. T'ne large window at: !IO. OS5 has a 2raceful stained glass lunette set' in the arch. The G type houses have 9ennissance panels above the doorways and arched windows are similar EO those of the ''A> type, with the addition of charming heads in the impost blocks and staine:l glass at !do. 857. A riore conventional fenestration obtains ahove.

No. 863. This handsoine building was desiqned by the well-known firm of &poleon LeBrun & Sons, of Vanhattan, best renemberPd for the VetroDolitan Lj fe Insurance rjuilding and Tower on 'laadison Square. It was built in 1890 for "illiam R. Ilebster, 2 civil engineer. This residence has an elegant simplicity and a full- heieht curved bay. The naterials--brownstone and a reddish Ronan brick--pro?uce a mellow overall effect. A lo?i brownstone stoop with iron handrailings has stone newel posts with laurel wreaths in the front panels. The basevent and first floor are handso9nnly rusticated and the rustications are c2rrie.l ixto the voussoirs at tl.2 arche?. doorway. This stonewcrk ::ss a finely hnwere.! tcxturec! surface. A Greek fret in a horizontal bandcourse o?nsrs below thc second stwy i.;indowsills. Brown- stone enfrmeirents erthance the virtiows in the brick vnll; of the upaer flocrs. l'he most unusiral feetures of th15 fine residence are the Crieze of the extablature with its pierced windows and dentils and the graceful balustrade at roof level.

Hcs. 865-875. There is a classic serenity in the broad wall expanses of the lipicstone residence at the corner of Carroll Street and Prospect Park !'lest (also describcd under i'o. 17 Proyxxt Park "'est). The dominant features of the Carroll Street facade are the charmins Ionic loxpia at the third story and the arched windows at the first floor level.

This short street provi(!es a ?reat contrast between the east side, with two modern apartment houses ai:,! an earlier one of the early 19OOs, and the west side, which has a single apartment house and a row of townhouses, of the 1880s and 1590s. on the west side. 'The generally loiw character of the row houses is in scale xith this short street. Represented among the styles are sow fine examples of lete 0 neo-Crec, Romanesque ':evival and neo-Italian Renaissance.

-56- FICKE PLACE Between Carroll Street 6 Garfield Place.

EAST SIDE (Nos. 1-7)

No. 1-7 is the long side of the corner house described under No. 806 Carroll Street.

No. 9-17 is the rear portion of the large apartment house described under No. 140 Eighth Avenue.

No. 19 (f!o. 19-21) is a five-story, eight-family apartment house, built in 1923, for the Fiske Realty Corporation, and designed by the architectural firm of Slee f, Royson. It is built of Flemish bond brickwork and has flzt brick arches. splaycd, with keystones. A central doorway with neo-Georgian enframement tins fluted pilasters supporting an entablature surmounted by a dentiled pediment.

FJo. 23 is a small four-stnry brick apartment house built in 1904 for owner- builder rhirtagh of 133 Garfield Place. It has a full-height, curved bay to the right of the doorway and rough-faced stoneworl; at the first floor and window lintels. Despite these Romanesque Revival survivals at this late date, the roof cornice with shells and console brackets reflects the influence of the ClassicisE: of the Fclectic pcriod.

NO. (251-31 is the long side of the corner house described under No. 251- 253 Garfield Place.

'''EST SIDE (Nos. 2-30)

No. 2-10 is the long side, and deep rear yard, of the corner house described under No. 802-804 Carroll !;treet.

Nos. 12-16. This group of three late Romanesque Revival houses was built before 1897 for owner-builder Gilford R. Bartaux. The three houses form a basically uniform symetrical composition, with the exccption of the difiering sccond floor bay windows of b!os. 12 and 16. At No. 16 the bay is crowned by a triangular gable and has a single window; No, 12 has a double window divided by a mullion and a pitched roof resembling stonework. The center house has a Palladian-type window at the second floor, but executed in the Romanesque Revival manner, with heavy masonry mullions and an arch of brick headers terminating at its base in foliate carving. The third floor windows are all arched, with three at the center residence and two at the flanking houses. The basements are of rough-faced stonework while: the upper floors are of Roman brick trimmed with stone. The first floor, above the high basements, is treated with narrow bands of stone alternating with wide bands of brickwork. Above this floor, and serving as lintels for doors and windows, is a wide unifying band of carved foliate design, interrupted by the ornate vertical keystone of the arched front door of the cciiter house. Beneath the eaves of the roof a textured effect is achieved by a band of Flemish bond brickwork in which the headers are all recessed. Carved rafter ends support the eaves and small heads punctuate the cornice line between the houses. The center house has an attic story with three windows flanked by pilasters. These houses are back-to-back with three houses oE similar design on Polheillus Place (Nos. 11, 15 and 17) and present a remarkably unified appearance to the street.

No. 18-20. These two handsome but dissimilar townhouses were built in 1889- 90 for J. F. Ranson and were both designed by the well-known Brooklyn architectural firm of Parfitt Bros. Both houses display Romanesque Revival and neo-Italian Renaissance features. Although the basements and the roof parapets are aligned, these houses each have a distinct individuality established by their designs. No. 18 has 2 two-story, three-sided bay decorated at mid-height by an ornamental band. An arched doorway, to the right of the bay, is surmounted by a handsome carved corbel, which serves as a deep windowsill for the single window above the door. The third floor wall is flush above the bay and is crowned by a high gable with a low quadruple attic window along its base, and decorated by evenly spaced bosses above. P!o. 20, despite its Romanesque Revival arched windows and parapet above the doorway, has a Renaissance characcer, with its severely rectilinear thrce-sided bay and porch with pilasters framing the paired windor,s. This bay is crovmed by a trianguiar pediment with floral ornament. -57- PS-I0

-~FISKE PLACE Between Carroll Street Fr Garfield Place

Nos. 2? and 24. These two neo-Grec apartnent houses were built in lSS8 for J. F. Ransom of 244 13th Street, Brooklyn, and were designed by Brooklyn architect .l . D. Reynolds, who also was active in the Ftuyvesant !:eights Historic District. They are four-stories high and are symmetrically composed, as a pair, with their arched doorways side by side at the center, flanked by full-height, three-sided bays. The low stoops retain their cast iron hand-railings and newel posts. A heavy bracketed cornice crowns each huilding .

h!o. 26-30 is the long side of the corner house, with rear yard, described under No. 249 Garfield Place.

***

~.-GARFIELD PLACE

Garfield Place was originally called Macomb rtreet, but the name was changed two years after the assassination of President Janes A. Garfield, in 1881, to honor him. On the south side, the block between Seventh and Eighth Avenues is a long one with predominantly brownstone-front rows of substantial uniformity with polygonal masonry bays, which give a pleasant rhythmic flow. On the north side, however, there are pleasant and unexpected interruptions in the length of the block, where two short but charming Streets, Polhemus Place and Fiske Place, intersect Garfield Place. At their north ends, they intersect Carroll Street in the same manner.

GARFIELD_- - PLACE Between Seventh E Eighth Avenues /

SOUTI! SIDE (NOS. 214- (266))

(Nos. 204-212 are outside of the Historic District)

Nos. 214-220. These four neo-Grec brownstones with full-height, two-sided bays were built in 1884 by owner-builders Martin & Lee of 440 Clenont Avenue, Brooklyn, who were responsible for much of the development of Garfield Place. They built many houses within the District and Charles !'erner, the Brooklyn architect, whose office was in the Garfield Building, did milch of their architectural work. These houses are all similar and have a full-height pilaster at the apex of the bay, intercepted at each floor by horizontal moldings. The bracketed cornices follow the line of the bays and reflect them. Ornament is kept to a minimum but appears in the brackets above the doorways and in the full-height pilasters, with the pilasters flanking the windows grooved at the top half. The original iron handrailines at the stoops may be seen at all of these houses except Po. 214.

Nos. 222-228. Six years later, in 1890, the sane builders, Martin & Lee, constructed the next row. These houses reflect a trend on the part of the builders to create variety within the traditional city row in contrast to Nos. 214- 220 adjoining. This is evidenced in the combination of naterials, contrasted wlth smooth-faced masonry, and in thz planning of the facades. The wide rectangular bay of )Io. 222 breaks the pattern of angularity between the two-sided bays to the west and the three-sided bays of these houses to the east. Mere one notes subtle variations in the capitals of the columns flanking the doorways. Surmounting the columns, elongated consoles support the cornice slabs of the doorways. All retain their handsome original double doors. There is just a hint of the Romanesque Re- vival in the rough-faced stone at the basement level, repeated in bands below the a sills of the upper floor windows: in the use of transom bars, with stained glass PS - YD

GIWFIELD PL4CE Eetween Seventh 6 Eighth Avenues -- - --.~ 0: above, at the parlor floor windows of Nos. 222, 224 and 228: and in the door enframements. Beginning with P!o. 222, the heavy L-shaped ty-pe of masonry stoop continues eastward for the rest of the block.

I!os. 230-238. These five houses were built in 1891 and are essentially similar to Nos. 224-228, with certain subtle variations. The doorways, for instance, are simply enframed with Erooved moldings surmounted by handsome cornices, in lieu of the colunnar trleatment with brackets.

?!os. 240-246 were built in 1891 by Jeremiah J. Gillioan, a local architect- builder of 97 Sterling Place. The four houses are quite similar in appearance to 110s. 230-238, except that 1:ransom bars have been omitted at the parlor floor windows and the rough-faced si:oncworl< beneath them has been laid up in courses. Alfred P. Sloane, of General Motors fame, resided at No. 240 as a young man. His sister, iGrs. Pratt, also 11.ved in the Park Slope area, at 125 Lincoln Place.

EIoS. 248-256. This charming group of twenty-foot wide brownstones is the creation, basically Romanesque Revival in style, of architect lielner Westeen. They were built in 1891 fox L. Anderson F, ho., Ct?rpenters on Dean Street, in an alternate 4KJACA pattern. There is an abundant exuberance of detail at the entrances and panels beneath the parlor floor windows including hunian masks, lions, reptiles and cornucopias with fruit, soioe hidden in the foliate scrolls which terminate the stoop railings. The “A’ house has a full-height polyzona1 bay, while the “5’ house has a two-story bay forming a balcony For the third story, above which is a modified Palladian window. ?{any interesting details are repeated throughout includina triangular pediments above windows and round-arched windows outlined with rough-faced voussoiis and drip molds. Carved corbels, beneath the second floor windows of the “A. houses, offer pleasant contrast to the sharp angularity of the surrounding windows. The doorways of the ‘A.’ and “9‘. houses arc flanked by columns with basket capitals, crowned by curvilinear crestings of floral design at the “A” houses and by entablatures with curved brackets and richly carved convex friezes at the “0‘ houses. The roof cornices with their widely spaced console brackets and classical detail are typical of the freedom of the ?Jeen Anne style.

i!os. 258-264. The next group of four hcuses was begun in 1894 by John J. Magillisan, owner-builder. [!e lived on Rcrkcley Plxe and did a great deal Of building in the north end oE the District, originally favoring the neo-Grec style. Stylistically, these brownrcone houses are similar to Nos. 230-238, except for the palvanized iron cornice with its Classical srw,q motif. A basement entrance has been provided at P!o. 260.

The corner site (b!o. 266) is occupied by the garJen of No. 17-1 Eighth Avenue-

NnRTII SIDE (NOS. 219-269)

-GARFIELD PLACE Between Seventh Avenue 6 Polhews Place

(The buildings to the vest of \lo. 219 are outside of the Historic District.)

Nos. 219 to 229 were designed by Erooklyn architect Charles ‘rerner and built in 1890. The masons and owners were lilartin 6 Lee. No. 219 and No. 229 have pro- jectinq full-height bays framing this small blockfront, and the rest of the houses, Nos. 221-227, are flat-fronted. Architecturally these brownstones, with the exception of Vo. 229, are quite simple with vestiqes of neo-Grec detailine in the incised motifs on the parlor and second story windows. There is rudimentary fluting in the pilasters. An attempt at individuality can be noted in the different motifs on the galvanized iron cornices on each house. No. 229 is distinct from the others in the group, being larger in scale and,similar in design to )!os. 222-228 across the street, by the same builders in the sane year. A low stone wall topped with an open wrouyht iron crestine curves around the corner into Polhemus Place, providing a pleasant termination to this short blockfront.

-5:- PS-HD

GARFIELD PLACE Between Polhemus Place & Piske Place

NOS. 231-239 were desifped by Brooklyn architecz J.D. Arcliffe, aeain for Martin E Lee who developed this row in 1892. These simplified Romanesque Revival buildings alternate curved, full-height bays with flat fronts. A definite effort was made here to make each house different yet completely harmonious as a group: in the two houses with flat fronts, Nos.233 and 237, the parlor floor windows and main entrances are arched, but at No. 233 the elongated foliated terra cotta keystones, reaching to sill height of the second story windows, are a suitable balancing detail and accent for the arches. The same arched openings at No. 237 are accented with bold voussoirs of rough-faced stonework. The corner house, No. 231, has an interesting drip molding over its main entrance and above this, where one might expect to find a balcony in a larger house, it is merely suggested with a row of dwarf columns, this "railing" being simply the height of the adjoining string course. The cornices are also individual to each house.

Nos. 241-249, wel'e built in 1888 for H. Lans,lell from designs by Brooklyn architect Robert Dixon, who had his offices at 219 Montague Street. It was Dixon. working with builders John and Isabella Gordon, who was responsible for much of the development in the 1870s of the wcst side of Sixth Avenue and of many of the houses on Lincoln Place between Sixth and Seventh Avenues. These five almost identica? brownstone houses with three-sided bays rising full-height are very restrained neo-Grec in style and serve to illustrate the "last gasp" of that style before it gave way to the Romanesque and Classical Revivals which were to become so popular for this type of row house. A basement entrance has been provided at NO. 247.

GARFIELD PLACE Between Fiske Place & Eighth Avenue

More than a decade later, the ubiquitous eight-family apartment house - which one finds in profusion in the southern part of the District and on Eighth Avenue, started appearing, Three such buildings are Nos. 251-253, 259 and 261 . Garfield Place. Built in 1903 by Heilry Pohlmann of 1235 Third Avenue, Manhattan, they bear such romantic rimes as "Serine", "Lillian" and "Ontrinue". The fronts are of buff-colored Roman brick with limestone facing at the first floor and trim. The central entrances, with small porches, rise a few steps above the street and are flanked by shallow bow fronts. VJith subtle variations, the three buildings are more or less identical, designed in the popular turn-of-the-century neo-Italian Renaissance style.

The corner apartment house (Nos. 263-269), "The Belvedere", is described under No. 162 Eighth Avenue.

GARFIELD PLACE Between Cighth kvenue & Prospect Park lirest

SOUTH SIDE (Nos. 266-316)

NO. 276 (266-276). The Temple House at the southeast corner bclonp to Temple Beth Elohim across the street. Begun in 1925, the Temple House (also described under No. 175 Eighth Avenue) was built to provide space for the temple school, with recreational facilities which are now shared with the Ethical Culture School at 49 Prospect Park k!est. This is one of the few buildings of the late 1920s within the District. flowever, its height, the variegated gray and ochre colors in the stone and the restraint in the overall design do not strike a discordant note with the neighboring residences on Garfield Place. Compared with the elegant classical lines of the temple it serves, it affords an excellent study in changing architectural tastes during the first quarter of the 20th century. Above a first story banding, round arches rise two stories surrounding the windows in a vertical run. Decoration is seen in heraldic devices with religious motifs carved in shields. The entrance doorway ar.d balcony above, at the extreme east end of the building, have a distinctly Moorish flavor, featuring symbolic ornament. the Star of David, the Menorah and the Lion of Judah.

-60- PS -I ID

---GART.TEJ,D PLACE Between Eigll tli Avenue X IJrosoect Pnrk Vest

SO1:Tli SIDE (NOS. 766-316)

Nos. 278, 280, 283. These three-story hrownstoncs with lorv 1vsci:ieilts and I,-skinned stoops r4ert2 ’Iuilt in L9lfl hv Cohen Rros for tbe Arwin Renltv Coiiqnny. The ilse of hrowiistone as late as 1.910. is nnaclironistic here. Tile fiiil-height anyled 1)ay and cornice 1 ine OF Vn. 2’8 yirovides n coriti*nst to tlie Imwcd forms at Nos. 21’0 and 282 Vie ccntcr house 1-as r1nilst!nl detail: nhove the oarlor wjndnws vertical pa,ieIs clisnlny floral inoi-ifs and 1)etwPen thcm are e1on::ntcrl rinncl s cnrrictl oil carved corbels w?th feiiiale heads. At No. 282 the wiriclow? of- the Iiny are sepnrnted by rgide fluted pilasters with low cnrvc~!capitals. T1:c doLihle doors are indicative of the clinii::e in t;lst~of the period froin wood to iron and plnss.

Nos. 284 and 286. ‘i’iiis iiair of handsome 1,esidences %as erected in 1‘100 nntf cksi,Tned t)y owner-arcThi tect Petcr Delnney for Ahrnham St-erzel~m~l:, whose son Lester still lives at Vo. 286 Tlicir hi+> L-slinped stoops wirl, lions Iicarls afford impress ivp ali~roacFirsto thc front doors. The bouscs arc prartically identjcal ex(q3t tliat Pic. ZRI! is brots7nstone and Vo. 386 is limcs tone. At hoth hotiscs tile roii~:li-fnced stone at lm:.eincnt l.cvcl Rives tl1e iinprcssion tlrat tIi~I~~11-t~ci~~lit ~iii-wd ’~~ys are solelv stinported 1.y stone piers. Tile rtirve of the smnotli-faced hay is er;ipl~\* hci:>:ls of Fine ornnriicnt at ear11 story. Stleetniet-,it[,classical sce;?’:s crown tlie llo~lsc’s.

Nns. 21-18-2011. ‘This row of four l)rowns tones was des iyncd hy owiier- arcli~t~ctFred Griswold Firit1 c.rectec1 in lf?‘’!l.Sty1 rst icolly thry dre siinila~~to hos. r17’-501 on tfir north side of First Strect Iwtwccn Sc!,cl~tl: and Cizl1tli Aveiiiies Isy tlie smc :lvrlii icct. wllo livcd at rlq7 I‘irst Street l‘hesc lioiises 011 Cnr9f ieltl P1nr.c Iiot~e\,~~arc

Nos, 296 and 2.28 are one story hi+er thnn the nciyhbors to tIhe icest and tliis increased heiglit conl’i:iLles to tila c’nd of the street They were built accordjnq to c1csir.n:; ol owner-nrc-lli Lcct Peter Dt=hiiy. No. 796 ;n 1992 and No. 7’33 in 18’19 at tlie same time as the row adjoiniiin to the east. These residences are jdentjcal except that I”o. 296 ha5 a limestone front rvliile No. 298 IS llrwwnsi-one. The interspersin 7 of tbe limes tone iri tlie ?lrownsCone row is T 1iarl-in.rcr of tlte iiio~enseduse and predominance of this snai-ericl after the tiirii-o~-tl~e-cer~I-~iry.Both h2ve Lliree-sided Iiays risinc; tliree stories, wit11 tTiple-aiqcLed wFrldows nl~o~ethem, set in flie main wall planes which are crowned llv cX1ass;cal cornices. Stylistically tlie carvet1 dctnils are Romanesque RevI\>al. ’lest seen at the doot*way of KO. 296 with its qracef~llyelongared leaf fovins at the hases of the nrcli. Hi2h L-shaped stoops with lions heads lead I’D to tlw entraiices.

Nos. 300-308. This classically inspired row of five lmises also desi,ynecl 1)y owner-architect Petcr Delaney. was 1-:lilt in 1.809. alternatinq Iwownstone a:id limestone, ‘3s at Nos 381! and 286. The end hoiises terminate the row with sjmilar ciirveil three-story bays. All the hot:ses retain their hi~hruscicated I-Jasements dnd stoops at Nos 302 and 30R. Classical sways are thc decorative theme 31: No 302, where ci s1:1n11 richly enframed wfndow surmounts che doorway At 1\10. 301’ the most notnl)le featmes are tb,e two- story viLasters in the lipper floors of the ciirved-s idrd hay. Enyaqed columns handsomely dilridr I-he windows of tlie First two floors of the Imy at No. 300. A noteworthy elem~ntis the oval window aliove the elltrance o€ NO. 308, well related to the crq-vins: of tliP doo~trmyleloiu.

-0i- PS -HD

GARFIELD PLACE Between Einhth Avenue IC Prospect Park West e Nos. 310-314. These threc hrownstones were hiilt in 1900 by Wi.lliam Flanagan. a prolific developer on the Slone for over twenty years. They are a sedate expression of the Classical and Renaissance traditions popular at the turn-of-the-century. Like the adjoinill? rows to the west these houses have three-story masonry bays and high basements, )lo. 312 retains its stoop and semi-engazed Corinthian columns flanking the doorway. The carved ornament is interestingly varied from house to house.

No. 316 is the last resSdence on this side of Garfield Place. This striltiny house has the "new loo!<" for loll. with its larze exDanses of Flemish bond bricliworlc, its tiered windows and its studied iise of ornament. A spacio~ishriclcwalled garden adioins it to the east, overlooked hy a handsome qarden facade. The hei7ht of this town hoiise harmonizes with tbe neighborin? hrownstones to the west. The flat front. witb its champ€ered corners crowned by terra cotta cartoiiclies, is siirmountecl hy boldly overhanging pitched copper eaves supported on coqper-clad heams sucrn,esting North Italian prototypes. The Italian influecce is also evident in the 1o;gia beneath the front Kahle and in the tower-like hay on the garden side which rises sli-$itly above the tiled roof. It is similar to No. 61 Prospect Par!< West hilt by William Tulihy a year earlier. The very fine hrickworl, is inset with decorative vari-colored ?Lazed tile and colored brick. The dark red hrick is further set off hy white marble trim around the central entrance and the small windows flankin<

(The apartment house at the corner No. 40 Prospect Park Icest. is outside the Historic District.)

NORTH SIDE (NOS. 271-3231

No. 271-261. On the northeast corner of Garfield Place aqd Eighth Avenue is one of the monumental edifices in tbe Hktoric District, Temple Beth Elohim (described tinder No. lG5 EiFhth Avenue). The Garfield Place side of this limestone striicture is 4oiiiinated hy the ininosing arched central window. flanked hy the hjqh, narrow windows with arched aedjments. Further emphasis is qiven to ttie central b,?)~hy the trianKular pediment ahove it. A classical side door Leads into the low section of the temple at the east, separating the massive temple from the neirrhhoriqq rowhouses.

Nos. 283-269, a row of fokv narrow Romanesque Revival houses with stoops, was erecied in lf??9 hy I),Jilder Auf;,:~stusC. liTalllridjie or Kcw \lor:< City. and designed hy Geory

Nos 231-299 are five rowhoiises which are a full four stories ahove hirh basements. They were built in 1899 hy Par!< Slope huilder-architect William Flanasan, of 69 Seventh Avenue. He was a pro1ifi.c builder usin? hrownstone and neo-Grec ornament for his earlier houses in the northern part of the District. These hoilses give evidence that he moved with the times: they are in the turn-of-the-century neo-Classical style, alternate?? faced witb hrownstone and limestone. The hays also alternate elliDtical with three-sided hays risinE three stories ahove tlie hasements. "lie ton a stories, like the houses across the street (Nos. 300-308'1, are in tbe main wa1.l plane of the houses, )>ut the F,eight of this row does not over- whelm tl-e pleasant residential scale of the street. The end tio~ise No.291

-G?- PS -HD

GARFIELD PLACE Between Eighth Avenue S Prospect Par!< West

has an entrance porch with round arch surmounted by a two-sided hay at the second story, hrolyht forward to meet the plane of the houses at the west. Carved ornament apvears at tbe first and secoiid floors ami at the stoops, and stained -:lass at the parlor floor windows.

Nos. 301-311. Thesr six hoiises were desicned hy Brooklyn architect i\lnqnus Dahlander, who desiqned some of the finest houses in the Stuyvesant Heinhts Historic District. Built in 1892 for Wesley C. Bush, who lived in nearby Prospect Ileiqhts, they are Romanesque Revival in style and composed in a ABCBCD pattern. Nos. 301. 303 and 305 are three stories over hinh lmseiiients, unified hy an ornate sheetmctal cornice and bjl 1,-shaped stoops of rotyii-faced stonework. Between the two flusb-fronted hoiises, Nos. 301 and 305, is No. 303 with a frill-heicght, roi:nded hay. At the center, an engaged, handed stone shaft, set ahove a handsome circ:llar ornament. ri.ses two stories and is crowned tiy a Ronionrsq.ie capital. The transom liars at parlor floor level have stone nw?l;ons or a canital ahoiie them. set between two small stained qlass windows. %e transoms above the richly enfrained doorways are separated by dwa1.f columns. Nos. 307-311 are a continitation of the same themes. with an additional attic story suggesLin9 a 1og:gia. The centei’ house, No. 30‘1, has a two-story oriel of limestone. similar to the one-story oriel at No. 305. The use of l.ji7ie- stone, starting at the second floor of 1.10s. 301 and 309, is another attenilit to create individuality. This qrour, is terminated hy No. 311 with iLs deeper hay wti.ich advances to meet the end wall of the next I-io~ise. Tiiis liay is topped with a stone parapet of dwarf columns at the foiirth floor. ‘The group is imified hy an ornate sheetmetal cornice.

No. 313, hilt in 1.689, is Romanesque Revival in style, with the walls now smooth-stiiccocld and lined to simulate stone. ’t has a hiqh gable at the left sjde and a peaked dormer set jn the steep tile roof. The hro!

No 315, also lwil t in 1883, is totally different in style Tt recalls many of the London terrace houses of the Renency period. with rus ticatetl Encrlish basement. Tt has a two-story, three-s ided hay crowned by a lialcony with wrou::ht iron railing. Tl-e entrance is approached hv a wide, low stoop. T1ier.e is a handsome arched fanli,yht in the doorway. The triple-sashed windows, which one expects to find at the Farlor floor. are placed at the third floor level. two of which Tive access tc the lialcony. T,ow windows at the foiirth floor are surniot1nted by a simole dentiled tnoldinr: beneath a low parapet.

No. 31.9 was built in 188’) for Rodney Allen Ward, the hrother-in-law of Timothy L. Woodruff. Lt. Governor of New Yor’c State. who also lived in the District. TI was desiqned hy the distin-yished architect C. P. H. Gilhert, whose work in the District is concentrated mainly on Montgomery PI ace and in the handsome R :c!iardsonian Rornanesqiie hoilse on the northeast corner of Carroll Street and Eighth Avenrie (No, 111 EiThth Avenile). No. 319, a substantial Romanesque Revival holse. has smooth wall planes of oranqe-colored Roman F.r ick with rou~:h-faced random stonework at the parlor floor and basement levels. The arched windows and entranceway are delineated with rouyh-faced limestone voussoirs. There is a low, hroad stoop. An elliptical bay extendin? up three stories is crowned by a triqle window with colonettes. A handsome classical cornice crowns the huildin.;

Nos. 321-323. A chiirmin,~rnatchinq pair are these residences in the picturesque and romantic Qlieen Anne style of the late 1880s. They are lieautifully preserved, even to the small 1ip;lit.s jn the upper sash of the second and third story windows at No. 323. Tliey have a pair of pea!ced shingled Tables wit13 ova.1 winc!ows. There is a qlensant rhythm in the PS -HD

GARFIELD PLACE Between EiRhth Avenue & Prospect Park West

arches of the windows and deeply recessed paired entranceways, repeated again in the small windows on the second story, which have fanlizhts. The houses are of orange brick with sandstone trim. Rising ahove the slate roof are chimneys crowned by charming swirled chimney pots.

No. 35 Prospect Park West a fifteen-story apartment house which terminates this side of Garfield Place,is out side of the Historic District. It occupies the site of the former Georye C. Tiiyou mansion. Mr. Tilyou, an entertainment impresario, was the creator of the world famous Steeplechase Park in Coney Island,

***

LINCOLN PLACE

The striking feature of this street is the wide variety of huildincl: types and architectural styles to he found here includinq a club house, a school, a church and several architect-designed jndividual houses, two of which have spacious grounds, set among voups of row houses and apartment houses. The latter, hilt after the turn-of-the-century. attest to the continued popularity of Park Slope as a residential district, The contrast between the north and-south sides of the street is striking: the north side contains the wide range and variety of huilding types descrihed ahove. contrasting with the uniformity of row houses on the south side. The section of Degraw Street east of Fifth Avenue was renamed Lincoln Place in 1873, in memory of Abraham Lincoln.

LINCOLN PLACE, Between Sixth & Seventh Avenues

SOUTH SIDE (NOS. 86-168)

No. 86-94 is the long side of the house described under No. 175 Sixth Avenue. On this side, it displays a sheetmetal hay window at the parlor floor crowned hy an ornamental arched pediment. A chimney of grooved hrickwork rests on a carved stone corhel hlock. A two-story structure with garaSe heneath now fills the rear yard (No. W).

Nos. 96-110. This row of eight houses provides a fascinating and rather romantic comhination of the Romanesque Revival and Queen Anne styles. Designed by Brooklyn architect F. B. Lanvston for James A. Bills, they were built in 1888-89, toyether with the houses around the corner on Sixth Avenue. The row as a whole has Teat dinnity. with its heavy, L- shaped stoops and massive, Richardsonian. rough-hewn stonework at the basement and parlor floors and defining the larqe round-arched windows. An interesting contrast, which is both original and varied. is provided by the delicate ornament on the lintels above the doors. All but two houses retain their multi-paneled doors. Elahorate two-story oriels of sheetmetal show the Queen Anne influence. They are adorned with classical details and have pilasters supporting arched pediments at the third story portions of the oriels. The contrast in color and texture of the stone, brickwor!c and metal gave each house in this group an element of individuality which still survives. No. 108 was once the home of Frank MontEomery Avery, a prominent lawyer and early memher of the Montauk Cluh. He housed his valuable library and art collection here.

(Nos. 112, 120 and 138 have been omitted from the street numbering system).

-64- PS -HD

LINCOLN PLACE Between !Sixth ,: Seventh Avenues

Nos. 1111-154. This lony: row of brownstones in the neo-Grec style. of which all hut Nos. 124 and 146 retain their high stoops, is the work of three enterprising devel.opers and huilders of the 1880s: John Gordon and his wife [sahella, of 2 Willow Street on the Heights. .John Monas an? ,J. .T. Gillipn neiqhborhood huilders who hoth lived at 92 Park Place.

John and Isahella Cordon, with their architect Rohert Dixon. were responsible for the development of the west end of the block (Nos.l1~~-136) at the end of the 1870s, sisnalizinn recovery from the depression of the mid-seventies. Plans were filed for the three charminn hotlses at Nos. 114, 116 and 118 in December 1,978, and the rest followed in 18'9. Neo-Grec decorative motifs, which are hasically the same throuchout the row, are best studied at these three hoi:ses which. after almost a centulry. retain all their original features. except for some alterations to the front doors. Two stories hizh, they are a full story lower than the houses to the east and west of them, yet hecause their proportions are so fine they are in no way dwarfed hy them. Shallow two-sided hays rise the full height of each house. The delicately incised neo-Grec decorations at the window and door enframements are still remar!tahly crisp and the richly detailed bracketed and paneled roof cornices are tyDical of the style. These houses retain their cast iron halustrated handrails teminatinq in imoosinq newel posts and spiky yard railinqs, as do so many others jn this row. Nos. 132 and 134 have fourth story mansard roofs.

John Monas, owner-mason. huilt Nos. 140-1t!U in 1889. assisted hy architect-carpenter J. ,J Gilliqan. They were amonE the last houses to $0 up on this block, jut are essentjally similar to their neighbors to the west, except for the more elahorate treatment of their doorways: here, cornice-slabs are slipported on deep curvilinear 1-rackets which were surmounted by low halustrades with finials. No. 142 still retains fine paneled doors.

The last five ho~sesof this brownstone row, Nos. 1116-154. were huilt by Monas and Gilligan in 1SS. They are also neo-Grec in style, althouqh No. 146 has heen altered to provide a hasement entrance. While No. 150 has the same two-sided hay as the other holises. it was apparently Eiven a specially desinned front for the original owner, William A. Avis. The stylized floral bas-relief, employinp, the nopnLar sunflower motif beneath the third floor windows, helongs to the new Qiieen Anne style. Another noteworthy feature is the foliate decoration at the top and hottom of the solid masonry winq-walls of the stoop.

No. 158-160 (No. 1.56 has heen omitted from the street numberin? system). This is a four-story hricl; apartment house huilt in 1922. Tbe architect, William C. Winters, adjllsted its scale to cornolement the neiqh- horin!: row houses. Tnterest focLlses on the stone doorway with its paneled pilasters and splayed flat arch with hirh keystone supnorting; the cornice slab. An interestin? tre,itment of the Frickwork ornaments the facade.

The corner Ilouse, No. 168, is part of a double house described under No. 62 Seventh Avenue. It was once the home of llosmer Buckinqham Parsons. general agent and cashier for Wells Far30 6: Company and a prominent rnemher of the Montauk Club.

LINCOLN PLACE Between FiFth & Sixth Avenues.

NORTH SIDE (NOS. 73-83)

No. 73-83 is the ion:! side of the hollse descrihed under No. 168 Sixth Avenue and its rear lot.

-65- PS -HD

LlNCOLN PLACE Between Sixth 8: Seventh Avenues

NORTH SIDE (NOS. 35-167)

Nos. RL(85-95). The' church, at the corner of Lincoln Place and Sixth Avenue, is the sixth Avenue Baptist Church of lRSO (described under No. 171- 175 Sixth Avenue).

(No. 97 is the empty lot hetween the church and No. 99.)

Nos. 99-113 (No. 111 has heen omitted from the street nunherin,? system1 This row of seven houses was hilt in 15179-80 for Isahella Gordon. the wife of the builder John Gordon, and was desisned by thejr favorite architect, Robert Dixon. These brownstones are senerally two stories high and have two-sided hays with delicately i-ncised neo-Grec detail at the doorways, cornices and window lintels which are "eared" (acroteria at the ends). The first two horises, Nos. 99 and 101, are distinguished from the others hy their mansard roofs, descrihed on the oriqinal building oermits as "French Roofs". The next two houses, Nos. 103 and 105, had full shingle-clad third stories added in 1898. The oriqinal cornice line has been continued helm these third stories with corhels set heneath halconjcs. At some of the stoops. the heavy cast iron newel posts have iinusual detail.

Nos. 11s-119. These three houses with fllish hrownstone fronts are two windows wide and have late ftalianate detail. These were the earliest houses hilt on this hlocltfront and were constrlicted hy owner- builder William 11. Hoover in 18'4-75. Nos. 11' and 11C, retain their handsome cast iron balustered handrailinps and newel nosts at the stoops and their yard railings with Tatcs. The stoops. at these two hoiises. lead rip to arched doorways crowned by low-arched nediments carric..i on Srnckcts The lon? parlor floor windows at all three houses have stone shelves heneath them carried on corliel hlocks and the keystones of the segmental- arched windows of the rusticated basements.

Nos. 121-125 were huilt by IJilliam Gvldiins hy lRPO on land he purchased in 1875. These three narrow flush-fronted Iirownstones were also two windows wide and more ornate than the three hotises to the west. The influence of the French neo-Grec style is evident i.n the hrac!tets svnnartjiiq the low-arched pediments over the doors and in the design d their roof cornices. The windows all have molding enframements and the sills are carried on tapered corhels. The rusticated basements have segmental-arched windows and the haliistered cast iron stoon handrailings are repeated at the yard railings. No. 125 was for many years the home of Flrs. A. H. Pratt, sister of Alfred P. Sloan of the General Motors Companv, also a resident of the neizhborhood.

Nos. 127-135. This row of fjve neo-Grec hrownstone hotises was hLiilt in 1985-CG by owner-mason William Gubbins and was desiTned hy Brooklyn architect Charles Werner. The houses are three stories high with full- height. two-sided hays displayinz that neo-Grec ornament so typical of the northerly Park Slope area. The incised linear detajl. hoth horizontal and vertical. diminishes toward the tops of the hays. A Iiracketed cornice with panels crowns the row, reflectitq the anylarjty of the bays anainst the skyline. Most of these houses retain tlieir fine cast jron yard railinzs with wrouzht iron nates and their haliistered bandraili.nFs and massi-ve newel posts surmolinted hy urns at the stoons. The haltistrade with urns theme is carried at 5.1-11 &le above the doorways. Three houses retain their handsome original doors.

(No. 137 has heen omitted from the street numbering system.!

No. 139. This picturesque individiral town hoiise stands out conspic- vously between the uniform row hotises which fl.anlc it on either side. It was huilt in 1881 for John Condon. a florist at 734 'Fifth Avenue. opposite Greenwood Cemetry. At the left, a tliree-sjded hay with a rectanyular three-sided wiirdow is crowned hy a pictnresqrie nyraniidal slaLr

-66- PS -HD

LINCOLN PLACE Between Sixth h Seventh Avenues roof which gives the hay the appearance of a tower. Thfs is halanced at the rinht hy a mansard roof at third story level. Althoush this house was hilt before some of its retardataire neo-Grec neiqhhors this hrjck hoiise with hrownstone trim, displays classical elements of desicm reflectino; the Currently oopul.ar Quem Anne style. Tbe small panels, of the entrance doors and the uniisual ciit-brick Danels with their sunflower motifs below the second floor windows, are tyoical Queen Anne features. A leaded YLass transom of intricate desiyn amears ahove the entrance doors. The cornice helow the mansard roof has unlisual hrackets with miniature Ionic capitals at the top of each one.

Nos. 141-147. These four neo-Grec houses of 1R86. desirjned hy N. H. Doherty, are quite similar to those west of PO 139, except for the fact that the apexes of their full-heinht two-sided hays have flat pilasters applied to them, features which are carefully reflected hy the breaks in their roof cornices, di,snlayinrj sinqle head-on hrackets. No. 1-43 retains its oriyinal halustered cast iron yard and stoop railinqs with massive newel posts and all have their fine original doors. except for No. 147, where a basement entrance has been provided.

(NO. lU3 has heen omitted from the nresent street nlimheriny system.)

No. 153 (151-1551 is an exceptionally fine Romanesque Revival town house with a spacious yard, erected in 1886-87 for the Morris BuiLdintT Company. of which William Ptieips was oresident. Jn 1896 it was q-eatly enlaryed to the rear hy its owner. Frank L. Bahhott. whose wife Lydia was a Pratt. Tt was desinned hy the noted Yanhattan architectural firm of Lamb X Rich. and constriicted of brick with hrownstone trim by the Brooklvn huilder Thomas B. Rutan With its deeD yard to the east the handsome east elevation, as well as the front, may he seen to advantaqe. The stronn asymmetry of its desizn may hest he seen at the front. where a three-sided cornm hay with peaked r'oof domjnates the lonq sweep of the roofline which comes down to the top of the second floor windows at the entrance Oi side. This corner hay is further dramatized by the rake of a larqe Fable. on the east side which literally snrinys upward from the third floor windowsill of the hay, To lend further interest. a hivh chimney, seated on a lions head corhel at seconrl floor level. extends upward hetween the corner hay and the large eastern nahle. The detail of the house incltides enormous rouzh-faced lintels ahove the first floor oveninqs, visually laced toc:ether heneath the chimney hy stone lozences. Rric!<, stone and terra cotta have all been used to nreat effect with a fret oattern under the eaves at the front executed in brick. rt is interestinq al-so to note despite its early date the appearance of classjcal elements in the desisn, which may be noted in the columnar treatment of tt-e thi.rd floor of the corner hay and in the very delicate oediinented dormer to the west of it.

NOS. 157-167 SS the lony side of the larne mansion described iinder No. 58-60 Seventh Avenue, now tl-e Rroolclyn Coriservatory of Miisic.

LINCOLN PJAA Between Seventh B Einhth Avenues.

SOUTH SIDE (NOS. 170-2521

No. 170-180 is the lonq side of the corner hoc~sewith the extensions front and rear which include sl.0~~servjn? the coniniunity. Tt is rlescrihed ilnder KO. 59 Seventh Avenue as the first of a row of ten houses erected in 1880 by architect-huilder-owner CJ illiam Flanacran of Ferkeley Place. Nos. 182-194. This row of seven neo-Grer hrownstones was also hililt hy William Flanayan. No. 182 was hlrilt first, in 1381, and the rest of the row to the east was heTtin jn 1407. Tllese thee -5iIJly hotises. Set ahove high l~asernents, )lave fill 1 -Ile iylit. two-sided hays w i tli coi,iiic*es iust

-67- PS -HD r.,i NCOLN PLACE Between Seventh & Eiehth Avenries ahove the carved lintels of the paiqlor floor windows. The sevental-arched doorways have qrooved p jLasters siirmotlnted hy liracltets. These brackets k~: srtpoort rectilinear stone slabs crowned with iron crestings. excent at No. 142 where a carved lintel has heen introduced. Nos. 102 and 1911 retain tt1ei.r liandsome cast iron handrailincp and newel posts. while basement entrances have been orovided at Nos. 1811- and 186. The animation of the roof cornices. which follow the nrofiles of the hays, is enhanced by the use of closely spaced hrackets wjth panels hetween.

Nos. 106-206. These six hrownstone horrses are the work of architect- huilder Thomas Fagan of 2q.6 Grand Avenue, Rrooklyn. who was an active develoDer in the northern part of the Slope in the 1880s and 1890s. He Ti houEht the land in 1883 and erected the hoitses shortly thereafter. They: make an interestinz contrast with the adioinino; Flanayan houses. NOS. .3 196-206 are mlich bolder in feelinp;. an effect created not so miich from their decoration as from tlie hlunt, angular shaDe of the two-sided bays . with a full-heierht series of pilasters at the apex. The criss-cross motkf and the brackets of the wooden cornices emphasize the anqularity of tbe & bays. The entrances are aoproached ly hiyh stoops all of which have ' retained their handsome cast iron handrailings and newel Dosts exceut Nq. 20[! and No. 206 where basement entrance has heen nrovided. Tbe sqllare- headed doorways, with grooved pilasters and brackets, smport cornice slahs which oriyjnally had delicate iron crestinqs, which may still he seen at E.ToS.196, 204 and 206.

(Nos. 208-212 have been omitted from the street numlierin.: system.)

Nos. 214 is a picturesque Queen Anne house and is a fine example of an architect-designed house wtich may he comnared with No. 139 Lincoln Place. Broo!clyn architect Charles Werner desimed No. 214. which was built for Henry Gaullieur and later hecame the home of Georye Fletcher. President of the Asbury Park Gas Comvany. Built in 18Q3, it has hapnily escaped any major chanqes. There is an interestinc contrast in the rise of buildinq materials. with a rouyh-faced hrownstone hasernent and face-brick in the stories above. A three-sided hay rises from the basement throush the second story. The fine doprwag is crowned ky an ornate cornice with pediment above the central window. It has stained qlass transoms ahove the windows. An L-shaped stoon with rough-faced stone wing-walls leads tip to the square-headed front doorway. It is flanked by fluted uilasters, with richly carved rectanqular hrackets above. These In-ackets, and the central keystone above the door, suc:crest a shallow cornice slah. The windows have splayed stone lintels with keystones and at the second , floor have unusual tripartite ornaments heneath the sills, consistinq of three panels. two square with the one at the center a rectanqle dronned down between tbern. They originally displayed low relief carved floral ornament and the Long central nanel rests on the keystones of the windows of the hay beneath them. The third floor; above a cornice, has a triple dormer window above the bay crowned hy two low wjndows and a high ornate pediment. To the left of this window a douhle dormer window displays a low Iwoken pediment. A handsome roof of scalloped slates rises above '*- these windows and hehind the pedimented dormer ahove the hay.

No. 216, althouqh built in the early 188Os, was hrokiyht forward to , the lot line when it was altered around 1.930 into an aoartment house, witb a new Tudor style facade. This four-story liuildinc. of hriclc has a first floor entrance at the left side enfratned with stone. A high heraldic emhlem centered above the door has a drip moldinn; which is shouldered down over the stone lintel at either side. The second floor windows have stone jambs keyed to the brickwork and shallow rectanqular lintels ahove them. The third and fourth floor windows at the risht side, are amnlv enframed with half-timbering infilled wjth stucco and crowned hy a hiqh Fable. A tall chimney to the ric:ht of this yahle and a i.eccrJin2 roof, above the left-hand window, qive the roofline an extr,ciiiely PicLtii,esqiie clraracter. All the windows are miiltinle step1 <.ascmcrlts.

-68- PS-lID

LINCOLN PLACE Between !jeventb CC EiThth Avenues

Nos. 218 and 220 were a pair of three-story hoilses huilt in 1883 hy owner -builder E. N. Day, and desiqned by Brooklyn architect M. .J. Morrill. No vestize of No. 218 is lrisahle from the street today as it was completely altered and converted to aoartinents in 1’334. Tl-is aDratment house is five stories hiyh with a lic+t-colored hrjcl; front. Tt has naired windows at the first floor and triple windows ahove at the riyht-hand side. It js crowned hy a hrici: paratlet. NO. 220, althou,qh altered. retains its orfp;inal bay, stoop and roof cornice.

NOS. 222-239. The next five three-story houses were built hy Fro0’;lyn architect-owner E. B. St inTer in 1886. h10.s. 222-226 are conventional nee- Grec hrownstones with full-heiqht. three-sided hays, while No. 224 has had its cornice removed and an extra floor added. The cornices are bracketed, with small horizontal windows in the fascia, and the entrances have cornice slabs carried on hrackets with halustrades ahove. The haZustered Cast iron handrailings and newel posts at the stoop of No. 226 remain. Nos. 228 and 230, although erected by the same bujlder. are qiiite different in some of their details and in the treatment of the ton floors. The two-story hays are crowned hy low railinys with cast iron finials. flere the iqtroduction of floral carved ornament in pilasters and panels suggests the influence of the Renajssance tradjtion. as do the entrance door enframements with their floral hrackets supportinz cornice slaki with ornate central motifs. The elli?tical arched windows ahove the two-story bays, with their formal spandrel nanels meetinq at the central keystones, suqgest a more purely Classical treatment. The stoops, with low wing-walls, have pipe railings terminating in uprizht cast iron rriffins used as newel posts.

No. 232. This house was built jn 1889 for William S0ence.a Coal merchant, and was desiqned hy Charles Werner. Originally a three and a half story buildin;, it has been raised to four. Tn a later alteration, the front was smooth-stuccoed and a basement entrance was provided.

No. 234. Althoilyh its ori,:inal nealted roof was removed to accomodate a fill1 top story, this house retains many of its fine Romanesqile Revival features. Tt was huilt for S. E Bl‘chanan in 1Rq9, from desicns hy the well known architect, William B. Ttrhby, who was also architect of the Charles PI. Pratt residence at 241 Clinton Avenue. the Lihrary of Pratt Institute. and the mansion a-c l.10. 53 Prospect Park West. There is a subtle contrast in the color of the brickwork which accents the small arches of the sow of thi1.d floor windows. These windows and the front door are flanked by cluslrers of dwarf coliimns. Low-relief foliate carving decorates the brackets s~ipportinqthe handsome, centrally located, second- Story oriel as well as the low stone wing-walls at the front steps.

(Nos. 236-240 have heen omitted from the street niimherinq system.)

No. 242 is a one-story Earaqe constructed at the rear of No. 252.

No. 252 is the Ion: side of the hokise described under No. 28 Eighth Avenue.

NORTH SIDE (Nos. 169-251.)

Lininz this side of Lincoln Place, hetween the row houses faciny Seventh Avenue and those on Eiqbth Avenue, there oriqinally were seven semi-detached, villa-style residellces which pave a sulwrhan atmosphere to this street--now replaced hy the Berkeley School complex and three 20th century apartment houses to the east. Helen Gallanan Douylas lived in one of these villas in her yc.uth.

No. 163-179. No. 169, the mansarded hriildinq with stores heneath is descrihed ilnder No. 57 Seventh Avenue. The rear yard has a olle-sLory addjtion containjny storaye 5i)acc for the SevcilLli AVCIOIP 5Lol-e and alloilw unit occupied 1-y a store at the rasicl,il end of the lot, No. 179.

-69- Ll NTOT,II P&AB Petween Seventh X Ei1l;h.t-h Avenues

No. 1':l (101-203). The Berkeley 'nstitute a private school for ~ir1.s established in 185' retained the architectural firm of lrlall:er Plorris of Flanl,attan, to desigi their main huildinn. in 1SOO. 't is desixnerl in a Imoclifietl version of tlie neo- Tacolean style of tlie Eclectic period, whicii was in vorye at that time, aiid is coristriicted of brick with stone trim. The hiiildjn:; is seven windows wj(le, witli TallLes at each side which have stone halls at the slioiilders. Stoiie bantlcoiirses arid q7ioiiis define I~orjzonL-al.and vertjcal divisions. A c-eiii 1.31 doorway siirmoilnted by a hi-1; window with halcony, all elaborately ci' iiiiiiicd witll stone. yives itmortarice to clie entrance bay. Ilandsoine wroli(;lit Iron doors adorn tlie arcbed entry. A hir:li addition fills the lot ai- the rem, and a new stairtower has l)een added at the east end of the main lluildin,;. 'T'1:e entrance to tbe nlayyroiind of the school separates the iiiairi build inq from the new ~~yninasiumlocated to the east of it (No. 1Q3-203). The nyninasium was hiiilt in 193;'-3F( and was des ii:ned by BrooLlyn arcl:i L-ect Jolm Biir':e. It is a simple fililctional structin-e of hricl, and lias a row of five rectanuiilar windows. set 5etween oiers, east of the arc9Iied eiitrance door wliicl. is enframed hy pilasters siipportinn an ental>lattire. 'rliere is a sincTle window located to the west of the door in this low entrance section.

(No. 205 has been omitted from the street niirnherin~; system.)

No. 225. Lower in hei+t than its iieiqhl.or to ttie west, this six- srory llrici, aDartment house is a ,qood exainnle of the Federal style so I; pillar with architects in the LQ20s. 't was biiilt in 1'123-24 for Gordon K Berry and was desiqned by the arctiitectiiral firm of Cauqhey h Evans. The Lrickwor!. is laid up in Flemish Iiond and extends from a low stone base to the iinderside of the copjny at the paranet. All the windows are tri.Dle except at the end bays and at the central tier a'\ove the entrance door. The doorway, crowned hy a "13rolcei1" Dedinient sunqorted on colunins, is a rieo-Geormian feature whicli is typical of the ljherties taken hy architects when des iqnin:. "Colonial arclii tecture . Veo-Tederal featiires include the arclies a1)ove the second floor windows, with their stone fan motifs, and the stone roundels set lietween ti:e windows at the top floor. Prick quoir!s define the ends of the main front wall.

WO. 235 is also OF hric'; and six stories hi-rh. Tt was built in 1q37 for Lincoln Plaza Apartments Inc., and was desimed hy Bronx architect, Charles Yrepmhorfl. The fii-st floor is of rusticated hr ic' work siirmoi1nted 11y a narrow stone bandcourse. An arched tloorwav is flanked hy arched windows Set off 1,y columns and crowned by a paneled entahlature, all of wood. This Feature o;ives a neo-Federal cl-aracter to this hiiildinn in which the steel window sash irldicates more nearly the actiial date of its constriiction.

Nos. 21!1-2r1 is the lony side of tlie horise descril?ed iinder 80. 26 Eighth Avenue. A one-stoTy ::araqe arid a narrow access passa7.e occiipy the rear lot of this nroperty.

-70- ?S-IID

LINCOLN PLACE Between Einhth Avenue d, Plaza Street

SOUTH SIDE (No. 25L!l

No. 2511 is the ion#: side of the house descril>ed imder No. 27 Eighth Aveiiue .

(The narrow end of the corner apartment house, No. 25 Plaza Street. is outside the Historic District.)

NORTlI SIDE (NOS. 253-2651

No. 253-265 is the long side of the Montaulc CLuh, which is descrihed iirtder No. 19-25 Eichth Avenue.

Montgomery Street, nariied after General Richard Montpmerv, the hero of the Battle of Quehec (177C), was reiiaiiied Flontyoiriery Place in 1889. Tt exemplies the oriqinal meaning of the word "place" as used in London, and in a few instrnces in Brooi.lyn Ileiyhts. as Montgomery Place is only one hlock long, heyinning at Eiqhth Avenue and endinc: at the Park. The vista is closed at Eighth Avenue hy an arnher brick six-story "Moderne" apartment house of the 1911Os, "a. very successful termination in a totally different style", accordinfi to the ATA Giiide to New York City. On this street it is relatively close from housfront to housefront, with minimal sethac!:s to allow for low stoops. The fronts are nenerally low. with eave or cornjce lines above the third story surmounted in some cases hy low attics, cahles or larEe dormer windows. The entire street is said to have heen built up as a sinsle real. estate venture hy Harvey Miirdock hetween 1887 and 1892. C. P. H. Gilbert, an outstandin? Manhattan architect of the aeriod, desiyned twenty of the forty-six houses on this street. The wide variety amonq them was intentional and coiinteracts the uniformity yenerally associated with developers' rows.

PlONTGOMERY PLACE Between Eiyhth Avenue s? Prospect Par!< West

SOllTW SIDE (Nos. 2-72)

2 No. 2-6 is the slrort sitle of ~lre~01'11~1. ~~J~V~III~IIL Iloiise described 1 tinder 140. 1113 Eichth Avenue.

No. 10 (8-12) is a foiir-story brick apartment hoilse with stone trim -~ identical to its neiqhhor, the corner apr,rtrnent house of 1910. 1 i, Nos. 14, 16, 18. These three residences are very Dicturesque and hold in character. Visually unjfied in materials, color and composition, they have rouyh-faced random ashlar hrownstone on the first story with hrick above arched entrances, second story oriels and steer, roof gahles silhobietted at the skyline. Nonetheless, there is considerahle variation in design giving individuality to each of these hasically Romanesque Revival houses. These three, and the three houses directly across the street, Nos. 11, 17 and 1-3, are the earliest on the hlock. They were all desiqed by C. P. H. Gilhert and huilt in 18R7-88. Nos. 1Q. 16 and 18 were built for Messrs. Thomas Van Loan, R. Starr and G. A. Prjce respectively. Similar in character, it woiilrl seem they were intended to set the stai1daYd for this street.

-71- PS-HD

MONTGOMERY PLACE Between Einhth Avenue 6 rrosgect Park We: t

No. 14 is of dark red hricl: with a very 5road low stoop, which leads up to the doorway, one of two arched oueiiinxs. the other being a window with stone miilljons transom hars and tiny leaded l-izhts. The hrownstone arches have a distinct stepped profile keyed to the brickwork. Ahove these arches thc-re is a shallow howed oriel sirrmoiinted hy a symmetrical VOUD of arched windows with terra cotta dripmolds. A rich foliate hand jn terra cotta runs across beneath the sill of the four little windows in the gahle.

No. 16 is of livhter red hricl: with a narrower arcbed entrance. The rotiqh-faced brownstone rises lo a point helow the ornamental imDost blocks of the arch. The oriel at the second story, a!iove the narlor floor windows, is carried on rough-faced corhel hlocks. It is siirmounted hy a roof deck with bric! parapet servjnq a triple window set in a hrick-arched recess with scalloped shingles. The yahle crownin..; this hay is detailed in the Queen Anne manner.

No. 18, of light orange hric!<, is exceptionally handsome. Jt has a broad arched doorway, approached hy a wide stoop. At this house. the brownstone of the lower floor encompasses the broad smooth cortiel supnortinc: the three-sided central bay window. The third floor windows have a triDle central unit with low se,qmental arch, flanked hy single windows. all united beneath a continuous dripmoldinq. At the base of the roof gable three windows arched with headers share a richly ornamented corhel-sill. This stepped qahle, has three slit windows, with corhelinq 1:elow and recalls Dutch precedent.

Nos. 20-28. These five houses form a related ZroLip hut variations in the material, rooflines and decorative detail make each one distinct. They were constructed hy neivhhorhood owner-hilders Delaney E; Collins in 1897-98. All of them have two-story hays alternatinq three-sided and howed, in an ABABA sequence, and all hut one retain their L-shaned stoops. Materials--limestone and brownstone--change in an irreqilar pattern. NOS. '0 24 and 26 have gahles and scalloped tile roofs ahove the third floor cornice line. The implication is that prospective owners were given a choice of options €or each house, except for the predetermined shave of the bays. in general these five houses are miich more like conifentional row hoiises of the period than any other houses on this side of the street. There seems to he no commitment to one qarticular style. some entrance doors and windows have round arches of Romanesqiie Revival style over columns, while others are neo-Renaissance in desiyn. Rather fine relief decoration varies from house;to house: at No. 26,there is a has-relief of musical symbols ahove the parlor floor windows. A basement entrance has heen nrovided at No. 22.

Nos. 30-31, of limestone. terra cotta and off-white Roman brick, are a study in crisp neo-Italian Renaissance desiqn and a decided contrast to their darIc-hued Romanesque neiqhhors. They were hililt in 'L.SQ6 for Georye R. Partraux. who lived on Fourth Street, iost west of the District. and were desiqned by Brooklyn architect. Robert Dixon. They introduce the theme, repeated eastward down the streets of a fliish-fronted central house flan!:ed hy those with full-width, three-sided hays. The relatively small areas of hrickwork contrast with the larye proportion of delicately detailed terra cotta tr im enframinn, the many rectanqilar oneninqs. A semi-circular l\as-relief panel ahove the front door of the central house, the arched windows to the left of it and tlie ornate little window above the doorway are the only details which hreak the rectilinear uniformity. Straiyht stoops with solid winz-walls and columnar newels lead to the doorways.

Nos. 36-110 forms a visrially unjfied, rouqhly symmetrical. monumental composition- a flush-fronted central house with two-story oriel is flaukecl hy two full-width, bow-fronted liouses. These hoiises were all desi-r;ned hy C. P. H. Gilbert and built in 1,9no-89 fo.. Messrs.Chauncey Tves, C. A. Murphy and Enoch Riitzler respectively. A s inqle steep roof plane rtins 0 across the central house linkinp; it wit11 tile c~i,iit.-slial)ed ruots of' tlie

-72- PS-HD

MONTGOMERY PLACE Between Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park West bow-fronted end houses which Rive the effect of towers. The picturesque red,$late roofs, with shingled central dormer window and copper dormers in the tower roofs at No. 36, are the most rernarltahle features of these houses. Two battered brick chimneys surmount the ridge of the main roof. The houses have certain Romanesque Revival details, esuccially on the first story, where the roughifaced random ashlar brownstone of the hasements runs up to varyinc heiqhts hetween the first floor windows. The. upner walls are of orange-colored hric!c trimmed with rough hrownstone, except for the two-story oriel of the central house. No. 38. Here, the third floor has red slate cladding to 70 with its distinctly Queen Anne windows, which have thirty lights in the upper sash above plate glass below. Despite differences in massin? from the adjoibning pair of houses to the east VOS. 42 and 44), this group of three maintains some of the alignments ofuindnws S: bandcourses. The intaglio band of hriclwor‘c above the third story windows, runs unchanged from the bowed front of No. 40 across the flush front of No. 42 at this level.

Nos. 42 and 44. This handsome doulile house with paired doorways and stoops was huilt for S. !:. Hannah in 1888-89 and designed hy C. P. H. Gilbert. Like the adjoining residences to the west, they are strikinq in color, with varieqated oranye-colored hriclc and rouqh-faced stone work at the first floor and basement. The stvle is modified Romanesque Revival. Two-story curved hays fli3nlcinY the doorways lend interest to the otherwise flat facade. The severity of the wall surfaces is relieved hy the intaqlio lines of’?~rtc’wor’cat €he flat arches of the second and third floor windows, which recall the Georgian splayed lintel and by the panel in the hiTh hlanlc attic wall. This panel of ornamental hr ickwork extends the full-widthjof hoth houses and, with the deep Italian Renaissance overhann, of the roof carried on beam ends, unifies the pair.

No. 46 was huilt for A. S. Locke in 188R-89 and was designed by C. P. 3. Gilbert. It is an unusual three-story house of varieSTated oranye-colored Roman brick. Unlike its neighhors, it has a paraDet in lieu of an attic story. The basement is very low, and the window and door openinqs are unusually small, in keepjng with the smaller scale of this house. The wide low door is of sturdy oak.. Deep- splayed, seqmental arches of hric!c contrast with the relatively small size of the openings they span. The projecting second story bay window has two casements set above a hroad deep band of corbeled brickwork. The only decoration is the foliate relief of the stones flanking, the splayed arches of the top floor windows, and the terra cotta cornice ahove them. A tall hriclc parapet ahove this cornice has a horizontal row of small square openinqs and is crowned hy a coping swept up at the ends to meet square end hlocks.

No. 48 was built for C. L. Rossiter in 1889-90 and was desiqned hy C. P. H. Gilbert. Of colored red hriclc similar to that of No. 50, it is a three and one-half story Romanesque Revival house with rouqh-faced stone basement extending up to include the sills at the parlor floor windows. These windows and the doorway arc scpiare-headed. with slender hrownstone transom bars and heavy roush-faced lintels. Tliere is a handsome wroiiEbt iron qrille in the transom ahove the doorway, which is app~oachedhy a narrow brownstone stooo. The windows of the upper floors are all round- arched with longated keystones at the second floor and stained glass in the third floor transoms. A’ two-story, thrcezsided bay,. at the-right of the doorway, has a solid brick parapet defininq the balcony, which serves two of the third story round-arched windows. Vertical ribs of hrick, set on corhels, enliven the top of the wall and those in the parapet of the balcony rise directly from the elonyated keystones of the arched windows of the second floor. An unusual roof with Spanish-type tiles of copper, has two dormer windows with trianqiilar pediments.

No. 50 is a fine three and one-half story Romanesque Revival house with random, rough-faced limestone at the basement which extends LIP to tlie parlor floor windowsill. .it was huilt for J. Herward in 1889-90 and was desiped by C. P. H. Gilbert. The house is of yellow hrick, with red hrick quoininz and trim surroiindinn, the arched openinqs, keyed to the PS -HD

MONTGONERY PLACE Between Eighth Avenue 6 Prospect Park West yellow brick of the walls. The doorway is arched and 5s complemented arched window of equal width beside it. The window displays a handsome leaded glass fanlight and the front door, approached by a wide low stoop, is neo-Colonial. A large three-centered hrick arch extends up through the secund and third floors. enframing a brick oriel window at the second floor which is carried on a wide stone corbel centered hetween the arches of the first floor. At the third floor a broad window. with French doors at the center, fills the arch and opens on a balcony with brick parapet which. in turn, forms the top of the oriel. A steep roof rises up behind two dormer windows with high gablets.

No. 52 was built in 1889-90 for C. C. Cummings, who lived on Union Street, west of the District, and designed by Brooklyn architect T. Williams. This Romanesque Revival house is quite different from its neighbors, as the front is entirely of brownstone. It is dominated by a two-story, shallow curved bay with rough-faced stone, somewhat similar in size and form to the bay at No. 60. although it is not as prominent and has a stone parapet with small square openings. Here, the lower two floors are entirely rough-faced, as are the lintels at the third story. All openings are rectangular except for a small window above the entrance which has corbels cutting into the upper corners, a popular Romanesque Revival device. Crowning the facade is a bold classical cornice, above which two pedimented dormers peek out. the tops of their windows barely visible from the opposite sidewalk.

Nos. 511 and 56 were designed as a symmetrical pair by C. P. H. Gilbert. They were built in 188.9-90 for Mssrs. Horatio Adams and G. Zollner, respectively. Set between large three-sided bays extending up two stories. the houses have paired entrances and stoops. Smooth amber-colored brick and shallow terra cotta trim give the houses a thin-walled appearance. All openings--doors and windows--are rectangular, and the rectangularity is further emphasized by the enframements of terra cotta in foliate pattern. Above the parlor floor windows the transoms are of stained glass at No. 56. The lines of the balustrades at the tops of the bays are carried across the main wall plane, forming a pseudo-parapet pierced by hrick arches. At the third floor, each house has a wide tripartite window, with a shallow arch above the center sash, and delicate stained glass at No. 56, and rectangular flankirlg'trafisoms. Above the high eaves, supported on slender vertical brackets, the roofs have wide central dormers.

NO. 58 was built for Herbert Cockshaw in 1R89-90 and was designed by C. P. H. Gilbert. It has fine amber-colored Roman brick with rough-faced brownstone confined to the low basement. The very sparing use of stone and terra cotta trim in this house accentuates the fine quality of the brickwork. The front has a uniform wall plane and is almost perfectly symmetrical. The entrance door is mder one of three identical round arches, which also define the two parlor floor windows. They have round- nosed bricks at the jambs emphasizing their simple refinement. At the peak of each arch is an attenuated keystone carried up to a prominent second floor windowsill where two broad second floor windows are enframed by a single band of molded brick. Supporting the third floor windowsill is an unusual, strongly projecting shelf of corbeled brickwork above which are two windows under round arches. Beneath the roof cornice a broad foliate band of terra cotta flanks a central human mask. The sheetmetal cornice is neo-Classical in style, with closely spaced console brackets beneath the steeply pitched roof with central dormer.

NO. 60 was built in 1889-90 for Thomas Van Loan, a Manhattan merchant, as his residence and designed by C. P. H. Gilbert. A striking Romanesque Revival residence, this house makes a strong ending for t?iis row of houses. The third floor eave-line interrupted by a steep gable at the front with a two-story-high, round-arch that reproduces in elevation the curve of the two-story bay below it, increasing the feeling of verticality. A handsome carved panel separates the two tiers of windows in the arch. The rough-faced brownstone of the first floor and basement are separated by a deep, battered stone course below the first floor wjndowsills. The first

-74- PS -HD

MON>GPPEXY-P-MCiC Between Eighth Avenue F. Prospect West floor windows are deep set,with stone transom bars and stone mullions dividing the transoms into thirds. The small front doorway is enhanced by a heavy round arch springing from clusters of dwarf columns on either side. The upper stories are faced with the same amber-colored Roman brick as the adjoiniiig row, but the curved bay terminates at mid-height at the second tloor. Tlle foliate relief patterit in the brownstone triangle at the apex of the front gable is echoed in sheetmetal on the small dormer window next to it. A steep slate roof rises up behind them with high corhet-topped chimney at the apex.

No. 62-72 is the long side of the handsome mansion with rear yard. described under Nn. 28 Prospect Park West.

NORTH SIDE (Nos. 1-59)

No. 1. This imposing. free-standing. neo-Federal hriclc mansion and its garden are separated from the street by a tall iron fence with red brick piers. The house 'of Flemish hond brickwork was built in 1910 for Mrs. Audley Clarke arid was designed by the architectural firm of Mowbray 6 Uffinger. It stands above a low marble baseinent and has an off-center eriLra1ice, cnfranied by columns supporting a full entablature and approached by a low flight of marble steps. The first floor windows have brick arches with blind lunettes beneath marble keystones. An interesting feature of the windows at the second floor is the introduction of neo-Georgian, splaW flat arches. A continuous marble bandcourse serves as a sill for third floor windows, which have diagonally-set marble inserts in the wall between them. A modillioned sheetmetal cornice. with balustrade above, crowns the residence (the balusters have heen removed). The west elevation, described under No. 135 Eighth Avenue, has a full-hvight, Swell- front centered between the end windows of the main wall.

NOS. 11, 17 and 19 (Nos. 13 and 15 have been omitted from the present street numbering system) These brick and brownstone houses are unUSUallY wide and liere all designed by C. P. 11. Gilbert for Caroline Murdock, William F. Brown and Thomas L. Gill, respectively. Erected in 1887-8n, they are among the earliest on this street. Rough-faced browrrstone extends up to the sill of the secmnd story windows at all three houses, which are approached by broad low stoops.

No. 11, with its striking Dutch stepped-gable, is the most picturesque of the three and is basically a handsome example of the late Romanesque Revival style. It was the residence of Harvey Murdock, the developer Of Montgomery Place. It has a very wide. bow-shaped, two-story bay, with a parapet and stone transom bars at all the windows with stained glass transoms. The wide, rectangular double door has a transom with a heavy iron screen. The upper floors. in coiitrast to the base, are of an amber- colored, speckled Roman brick. The third floor windows have the small- paned upper sash so typical of the period. The three windows over the bay are set beneath deep arches of headers which are linked by a continuous drip molding. At the eave-line is a massive cornice of rough-faced brownstone, just below the red tile roof and the stepped gable with modified Palladian window. F. tiled dormer window with hipped roof is set in the roof to the left of it. The two side walls at roof level also have stepped gables. Brownstone coping finishes off the steps which lead up to the chimneys at the apex of the roof.

Nos. 17 and 19,basically Romanesque Revival in style, are more conventional versions of the style. They have a strong architectural kinship, seen in the use of similar materials and details: both are constructed of red brick over brownstone bases and are approached by gracious stoops with curved wing-walls. No. 17 has a polygonal, two- story bay, while No. 19 has a second story oriel; both are surmounted by solid brick parapets. The top story of No. 17 has segiiiei~t-alarched windows with terra cotta drip mol.diiigs Hy contrast. No. 1C, llas round- PS-HD

pWhTGOFfERY PLACE Between Eiehth Avenue & Prospect Park West

_I I/

arched third floor windows and the interest is focused on a large elliptical arch enframing a three-sided shingled recess. A striking feature of No. 17 is the steep pediment centered above the bay, with an elaborate Greek fret terra cotta panel set in the brickwork at its base. A decorative block set into the molding, which forms the sills of the second floor windows between Nos. 17 and 11, makes the stq down from one house to the other following the slope of the street. A low parapet extends across the width of Nos. 17 and 19 above their dentiled roof cornices.

Nos. 21 and 25 (No. 23 has been omitted from the street numbering system). This monumental pair of light-colored brownstone was built in 1S92. They were designed in a very original, late version of the Romanesque Revival style by C.P.H. Gilbert for Charles M. Reed. Treated as a single architectural entity, the two houses are beautifully unified by their steep tile roof, projecting end bays, horizontal strip of windows in the wall plane betheen the bays and by the winq-walls of low, L-shaped stoops which face each other. The red Spanish tile roof, with picturesque gables and dormers, swoops down to third floor windowsill level. Two-tiered dormers, treated in an unusual manner, have balconies at the top tier, which rest on the roofs of the lower tiers of the dormer windows below. The unusual strip of six windows, with wide piers between them, suEgests the early work of Frank Lloyd ':'right, iiliile the low-relief ornament and its treatment call to mind the work of V!right's master Louis Sullivan. The steep gable at NO. 25 displays a bull's eye window with square foliate enframement, anothef unusual feature. The three-story bay at the other end, at No. 21, is crowned by a small porch with conical roof. An iron-railed balcony encloses a deck in front of the porch and the bay beneath, on the side of the bay facing the entrance, has two charming oval windows one above the other. The linear ornament of this bay, defining the windows and creating panels, is used in a completely architec- tonic way. There is an interestine row of animal heads under the eaves at NO. 21.

:.los. 27-31. These three houses are four stories hieh with larFe dormers and have facades of yellow brick. PJo. 29 was built in 1904 for James Shah and as NO. 27 is its twin, it seems probable that it was also built €or Shaw in the Same year. h!o. 31 was built much earlier, in 1889, for ?4:1. Canna and was designed by tlornium bos. yet all three houses are very similar, displaying detail drawn largely frm Ronais3nnce sources. The first floor wall is of rusticated limestone, smooth and continuous, joining all three houses to corn a handscrne front to the street. At the top of the rusticated base, Nos. 29 and 31 have foliate inoldings, while No. 27 has the Greek fret desinn. The entranceways are recessed, except at No. 27 which has its left side exposed and has Ionic columns. They are all a?- proached by low stoops. "ibove the first floor, each house is quite different, with interestinq variations: a three-sided rectangular bay at No. 27: a wide bow at No. 23; and a slightly projecting flush bay at ?lo. 31. hother variation is the use of three different copper pediments at the dormer windows: triangular at the wide dormer of No, 27, "broken" scrolls at the individual dormers Of NO. 29 and an arch at NO. 31, centercd above the central double window of its wide dormer. Narrow courses of cream-colored brick alternate with the yellow brick Of the walls giving the effect of quoins between bays. The windowframes and lintels are of limestone.

No. 33 (No. 35 has been omitted fron the street numberinc system),is a three- story late Romanesque Revival house of limestone and red brick. It has a rough- faced stone base with smooth stones keyed to it pround the window and door openings. The keystone over the window represents a girl enframed by a scallop-shell and a bearded mask appears in the keystone over the door, Rough-faced limestone is keyed to the brickwork surrounding a two-story arch, which contains an oriel at the second story and an arched window at the third. A bracketed and paneled cornice with dcnti Is crowns the house.

NOS. 37-43. Aiiothcr prominent architect of the day, Georce P. Chappell, rlcsipned the next four houses. They were built in 1890-91 for Ucssrs. Ford and :racvCnand are of limestone at the first floor with tan-colored brick and terra COtta above. A Steep roo€ comes down to mid-third story level. The houses are similar, but Lhc cnd units project slightly and have high peaked roofs and L-shvld a StoOv. No. 37 has R pink coloicd +late rcmf. 2 toxtrn-91 rawrlast is arhicvd

-76- -':~:TWlE9Y- - --__ PLACE- - Between E:iyhth Avenue 6 Prospect Park "'est

at the upper floors where a,plit brick adjoins the smooth, richly ornamented central bays of terra cotta. A delicate band with swags in low relief appears below the pointed Rabies crowninR the bays.

!io. 45 is a wide three-story limestone and red brick buildinv which was desioned by the important :tanhattan architectural fir? of Babb, Cook Fr 1'7illard, and built for Theodore bf. Tow1 in 1838-99. Thls fine example of later (Iienri IV) French Denaissance has a rusticated Zranite base up to the Cirst floor windowsills, includinl! a larqe L-shaped stoop. The limestone at the First floor has crisp, hard-edyed rustication keyed into the door and windowframes, and nrominent voussoirs over flat-arched windows. Elaborate consoles sunport a shallow cornice slab over the entrance. The windows of the second and third floors are linked by panels closed at the ends by vertical stone blocks above console-supported cornice slabs over the second floor windows. Low Tuard rails are set in the Frames of the second and third floor windows. A well-proportioned classical linestone cornice and balustrade crown this handsome buildin?.

'lo. 47 was desicneJ by architect R.L. Daus. It was constructed in 1S90 for

{I. ~occhel. This very distinctive neo-French 9cnaissance house, veneered in red sandstone, has a stronE verticality throughout leadin? UD to a hiph pyramidal roof with handsome Tabled dormer. There is a two-story polyyonal bay with R low varapet on top. All the openings are rectnn!wlar, with curved corners at the top and stone transom bars. The transom above the entrance door displays some fine wrouElit-iron work. Tlii? window above it is related to it visually by the hiyh fini-is Ci?nking thL loor. ~.i>iciiIC~J up the fluted corbel beneath the window. This, in turn, is crowned by a shell-form arch. The centrol pair of windows at the thirt! floor is tied vertically to a tall central gabled dormer, with a studdinp. of fleur-dc-lis set in front of the steep pyramidal roof. ~

)!os. 49, 51, 53, a row of three-story brownstones with rough-faced stone basements, were ercctetl in 1892- 33 by the prolific Teizhborliood builder, 1'illiam Gubbins. They have two-story rnasonrv bays with curved sides and richly ornanented bandcourses between the windows. 211 the wirrdorvs, exccpt those in the bays, arc arched mt!i drip molds. The detail and arclied doorways with colonnettes are Romnn- esque Revivnl in charecter althouqh thc metal roof corqiccs are pore nearly classical with console brackets, and snnll panels in the frieze, set one above each window below. '>lo. 53 has a curved two-story bay and has had its cornice removed where a fourth floor was adtied at 3 later date. All the houses are approac!ied by L-shnned stoops.

'Jos. 55-59. These three houses were also built in 1892-93 by r'illiam Gubbins. qf thesc three houses, No. 57 best inJicates the oripinal aDpearance oF the row, with its small central qahle and FlankinR win:lows at the fourth Floor. Shallow, curved tr,o-story masonry bays ham larive window opcninrrs separated by pilasters at the first floor. RouTh-f3ced stone anpears at bascinent level, reapnearinz npain ahove the bay windows. The arched doorwy with colonnettes, and the arch in the gahlc at KO. 57, are clearly Rorlanrsque Revival in style. Carved foliate detiils apwar beneath the windows of all the bays. &-E. 55 and 59 have had full- heipht fourth floors added at a later date.

(The lonn side of the corner apartment house, Po. 27 Prospect Park ':'est, is outside the ilistoric District .)

t**

Park Place, west of Flatbush Avenue, was one of the earliest streets in the llistoric District to be developed. !?iiildine bei:an iii 1869 at the eastern enJ of the south side Of the street. The last houses to be built, in 1881, were at the western end of the north side. Park Place wns oripinnlly called Faltic Street nnd renamed in 1873, when Prospect Park was lnrpelv coi,ipletcd.

-77- Sweepin? Fently down to Sixth Zvenue, where the street is enhancdd'hy ?oiily planted trees and the majestic spire of St. Auqustine's Church rises to the southwest, this block, with its rows of three-story ~iroimstonesabove hiph stoops, rctains its late 19th century appearancc. Excellent examples of the late Italia- nate style may be seen on both thc north and south sides of the street. The smoot?i- fronted brownstones at Nos. 122-142 and 115-123 are very impressive in appearance, with hich basement wells which retain their elegant rustication and, for the most part, their exceedingly fine, arched doorways. Contrasting with the flat facades of the Italinnate style residences, a node which persisted in the outlyhq bor- ouqlis or the city until well into the 1870s, are the ancular hays of the slightly later neo-Grec houses at the western end of the street, reflecting the change in architectural taste within the short spnn of a decade. Some houses along the street have, unfortunately, been altered and two, one on each side, ltavc had their stoops and ornament removed and have been smooth-stuccoed.

PARK PLACE Between Sixth E Zeventh Avenues __ - - - . -

C'XITll Si7E (?!os. 90-156)

(The corner house, tie. 117 Sixth Avenue, is outside the Ilistoric District.)

No. 90 is the handsome little Italianate stable built for the corncr house, r!o. 117 Civth Avenue. It has round-arched windows and an entrance door flankinp the central two-story arch for the combination carriage door and hay loft door. The paneled hay loft door is the original, while the carriage doors have been replaced by an overhead-type door of a later dnte. A neat but attractive cornice, with widely spaced foliate brackets, has a paneled fascia. This is one of the few stables in the arca which rctains much Of its original zippearance.

VGS. 92-98 ape gooci Cxalqn;r:s OC hrotinstc.lrs 7- t:is Cull-hlwn, -i~c-Srccstyle they have shallow ,full-heizht, two-sided bays well defined 'ears" (or acroteria) at the lintels of the upper floor windows and front door, and incised ornament in the lintels above all the windows. All retnin their balustered cast iron hand- rai1ino.s and massive newel posts at the stoops. This row was crected in 1581 by owner-builder John rlonas who lived at No. 92.

?!os. 100-113. ksigned by thc well-kno\in Srooklyn architectural firm of Pnrfitt Cros, these six houscs may well have been the first fully developed cx- arnples of the neo-Grcc style in tlic area. They were constructed in 1377 0' Nova Scotia stone, by builder Philip J. Cooty Cor G.?:. C1iapiw.n of Manhattan. 15th full- height, two-sided bays and bracketed cornices, t!iey established the nninated skyline followed by their neighbors to the west. Simple pedimented lintels, with incised ornament, adorn the windows and the seqrllental-arched doorways hzve cornice slahs carried on brackets with iron crestines almve thes.

Etos. 112-116. These three brownstoncs, so sinilar to :los. 92-95, were built in 1qSP for ilary 'InCilligan by her husband. architect-builder John t'agi1liga.n. Even the roof cornices repeat the hizh, narrow, evenly spaced brackets of the adjacent houses at the west.

Nos. 11G and 120. Thesc flush-fronted brownstones, trith their window fratacs surmount el by cornices and hanclsom, rrchctl c!oublc

!Jos. 172-130 have a late Itslinnnte character which is bclied by the dnte, 1471-72. Again they were built by John Elagilliyan. "ost notable are their arcllecl doorirays, similar to those at Plos. 118 and 120. their rusticated hasements with seSmentnl -arched windows ; the shouldered cornices over their segmental-arched windous I which are carriec! on brackets; the deep parlor floor windowsills carried OR console brackets and thc arched profiles of the fascias between the brackets 0' 0' their roof cornices. NO. 122 best rctnins its original appearance, with Its

-73- balustcre? cast iron handrailings and ncwel posts. No. 128 ?)as !iad a fourth floor added rctaining its origind cornice at a liizher level.

'10s. 132-142. This row of six late Italinnnte brownstones was built on land purchased in April 1863 by real estate developer Daniel ':. \!ells, who lived on Raliic Street near Seventh Ivenuc, froin builder Robert S. Bussing. They were crected in the yesrs immcdiately rollowin? by Flatbush Avenue builder y51liar V. ':ill iainson. id10 often worked with "/ells. I'hese three-story, flush-fronted brownstones above high basements -- $3 ,laFir8itc!y -t-li ?"'ti i? t'icir desiqn -- are an indication of how retardntnire residential architecture was in the park Slone area. Characteristic of the style are the rusticated basements wit!? arched windows and metal ?rilles; the arched doorways surmounted by segmental- arched rccliments carried on foliate brnckets- thc windows with their ' eyebrow" or shouldered cornices. also carried on brackets, and thcir ornate cornices with widely spaced foliate brackets. 11'0s. 140 and 142, with their arched fascias cclioinq thc segmental-arched windows below, nre very similnr to Nos. 118 and 120.

'0. 144, which stands well in front of t!ic rols, to the west, was built riq'nt u? io the lot line. It is a thrcc-story house for w!ticl: a basemcnt entrance has IJcen nrovirled. The front has been smooth-stuccoed. It was built in 1874 by neichborhood architect-buil ier S..J. Cootey.

P!o. 146-156 is the lon? side of the corncr house, with -. on.:-';tory sliol~occ:;::; - inn the rcar yard, described under No. G Seventh &venue. t10RTII SI3E (Nos. 95-133) .

(The corner building, No. 115 Sixth \venue, is outside the Historic District.] :lo. 95 is a vacant lot. e' ;'os. 97 and 39 are tlic only houses on this side of the street to have Gull- hci:lit, two-sided bays, similar to t!iosc across the street. They are also the only Frcncli neo-Grec brownstones on this side and i\we ?milt in 1%12-C3 for Jo!in nfonas, who lived at i'o. n2, zcross the street, I,y architect-i;~asonJ..J. Gilligan, of the same address. They differ froi:) t!ie houses opposite in havinp, a full-heisht pilaster at the apex of each bay and clisnlny the characteristic lintels with "ears" (or acroterin) zit the doorway nitd upper floor uiindoi:s, which arc tlecoratec! with incised cnrvinp, as are the flush lintels of the parlor floor windows. The use of incised decoration. introduced wit11 the neo-Grec style, proved much more economi- cal for the speculntive builder than the rich foliate carvinqs cliilracteristic of tl~eItalianate orname:it.

i!os. 101-113. This row of sevcn flush-Fronted brownstones was begun in 1872 by neighborhood builder John Cordon in association with Brooklyn builder Gwen :blnn. Gordon Iia4 purc:iased the land for developnent from tm largc propcrty ownri-s cn thiq strcct, .Joseph Chambcrlain am1 Clins .J. Bcach. These houses are ouite si-nilsr to 140s. 11s and 121; across the street. riit!i their windowfrnnes, croi\*led by cornices, and their handsome arched doorways, surmounted by sevmtal- arched pcdiments, they show the inclucnce of rrcnch fomality. E!os. 101 and 103, !i!tc the adjoining pair to the west, retan tlicir cast iron bnlustered handraj linz; mic! elaborate newel posts, indicative of the orj ginal y7pearance of the row. Basement entrances have been provided at :!os. 105 arid 109. The baseacnt walls are nsticated and the segmental-arched windows in these walls have snlayeci arches wit?) Caccted keystones. The roof cornices, carried on widcly spaced console brackets, have paneled Fascias with diamond-shaped panc1.s at the centers. ?!o. 105 has had a fourth story added.

Xes. 115-123. These five flush-Fronted brownstones were late Italiclnnte in style. They were erected in 1870-72 by architect-buildcr John !lagilligan in association with Thomas Lowther, the owner of a neighborl~ondstoncyard. These houses are quite similar to XOS. 122-130, built at the same tine by :Iayilligan on the south side of the street They have the same features of design and detail. All hut ilo. 121 retain their original halustered cnst iron handrailings at their stoops.

-79- Ps-m

PARK PLACE Between Sixth Fr Scventh ,lvcnucs

Nos. 125-133. Like Nos. 118 and 120, across thc street, these five flush- a fronted brownstones reflect the samc French influcncc. No. 131 has a two-sided bay cnrricd on a pointed cornice slab with brackets above the doorway. Nos. 127 and 133 rctain their yard railings with handsome cast iron crestings on top. They were built in 1874-75 by thc neighborhood builder John Gordon.

(The buildings to the east, including the Carlton Theatre, are all outside the lfistoric District .)

***

Looking out over the earth berm, or artificially createt! mound of earth, provided by qlmstcnd F, Vaux to shield residential Plaza Street from the noise of traffic crossing the Grand Army Plaza, is a row of four residences on the short blockfront from Flatbush Avenue to Lincoln Place. The other portion of the blockfront within the District is occupied by the east side of the exceptionally !:andsome Plontauk Club, at the corner of Lincoln Place.

PIA%.\ STREET Between Flatbush Avenue & Lincoln Place 1

"'EST SIDE (Nos. 5-19)

(The corner building is outside the Historic District.)

1 Nos. 5-11. These four limestone residences were constructed in 1901 by .I neighborhood builder Charles G. Peterson, of 607 Seventh Strect, with Frederick Tyrrell of Brooklyn as architect. Good examples of the neo-Classical! style, which was at its height at the turn-of-the-century, they are narrow houses, under nineteen feet wide. They have alternating three-sided and curved full- i heipht hays, giving a stronc effect of verticality to the groun. All have mstf icated basements and parlor floor walls, and three retain their dipified L- : shaped stoops of varied design. h!o. 11 has a fine doorway with rusticated : voussoirs delineating the semicircular arch, and a console-type keystone surmounted by a 'broken" pediment, similar to the one over the parlor floor window of the bay. Handsomely carved panels appear beneath the windows of all ;

four houscs. Three retain their roof cornices, carried on console brackets, ~ with a variety of classical motifs in the friezes.

No. 13 is a vacant lot r -1 "0. east Cluh, 19-25: 15-19 is the side of the llontauk dcscribed under No. .> Eighth Avenue. 3

-80- This short trcc- lined strcct , nnwd for Johmncs Tlieodorus Polhcmus first liillster of the Dutch Rcfo+med Church on Lony Island, is one of the most attractive in tlic I'istoric District. Dcvelopcd in the 1D90s, tlic houses yrovide fine esnmplcs of the late Romanesque ~cv'ivaland thc neo-French Renaissance styles, 2s isfell as

three very intcrcsting hous1-s *::iic:i lxrc iui tc ori-in?l ill tllcir ccd>in*tiolls' 66 stylisPic cia:-ionts.

CP.Sl SI3C (Nos. 1-29 and the sidc of :lo. 231 Snrfielcl Place)

;lo. 1 is the lon? side of the corner !louse dcscriljcd unOer hie. 786 Carroll Street.

?!OS. 11-1? ('io. 13 has becn oilittrrt from t!ic sti-rct nimbw-int7. systcm). This fine. rcmarkably iini Cicd group of thrcc !ate rlovnnesquc Revivnl IIOIISCS wis erected Ln the mid-1390s by owner iluildcr Gilforcl !'. Knrtnus, back-to-back with Nos. 12-16 Fiske !'lace, built by hiri .It about tile salic time. The iippcr stories :ire conbtructcd oc smooth !?or~.iibrick, hnndled in 311 cxcqitionallv sophisticr?ted manncr, -il)ove roiinh-facc,l stonc bnscwnts. Stonc hnnrjinq and Foliate cnrvinr is iiscfl ,I< ?I) exnrcssivc contrnst nt thc uppcr stoi-ics. Thc three-story rcsidenccs nre syiiivctrjcally ti1 snosctl <;round the ceiitcr house, i*ith a varic,' trcatnient OF tlic sccon.1 story bay iuinclows nt t!ie end houses ;.lo. 11 has a triangulnr .able nn3 sin4Tle window, wherens ';o. 17 ;ins a Jcul>lc windo1J dividcd bv n mullion and a nitclir~lroof rcsemblinn stoncwork. At the pnrlo: floor, horizontal bmtls forr trnnsoi'r b~rs.soine of which rct2in their 1cadcJ traiisows. Thc center house his a l'nll:~dinn-type wLnJow at thc sccond floor, but cnrricd out in the Romancsquc mnnncr, wth heavy ninsonry Fiullions 2nd an arch 04 brick headers tcrminntin: in foli*qtc cirviny! at its basc. The third floor winclo~isarc all nrchcd, with thrcc at tho crntcr house and two at thc cnJ Iiouses. Tbc first floors, above the hizh lvtsemcnts, arc treated with nnirow b:inds of stonc Iltcrnntinn with wide ban!s of brickwork. Above this floor. inc! servins as Iintcls for doors and window, is R wide unifyin: 1)antl of cnrvcd folintc dcsinn, inicrrriptctl I)y the ornate, verticnl !:cystonc of t!ie arched front doorr;iy of No. 15. '!encnt'i tlic eaves of the roo'' n textured effect is achievcd in a Iinnii of Flcriish boil1 Ijriclwork in w!!ich thc hcadcrs are 211 recessed. rzrved rpftcr ends support thc mves and small heacts punctmtc the cornice line bctwccn houses. I!o, 15 still rctnins its handsoiw ironwork handrailings nt tlic stool,.

!:os. 19-29. This row cf six houscs vias built in 1S37-S for Cessie '(artin and - dcsignect by Rrooklyn architect Zxcl llcdmnn, who also worked in the Ytuyvcsnnt Ileiqlits men. Abovc the rough-faccd liizh bnscnents, these houses arc faced ivith sclooth-faced stonework, alternating threc-sided with curved bays. They are approached by straight stoons with solid masonry vin?-wlls surmounted by metnl handrailinos. Tliesc stoops lend up to dootwnys which are the principal decorative features of the row. The ornament is conccntrsted over thc doorways and thc prtrlor floor liindows. Inspired by crcnch Ycnaissmcc dcsiyn, it relies for effect on drin oioldinfp oc various shn!)es enframinz nrnorial shielels and floral ornament, surmounted by arched pediments or scrolls. The houses 3re all crowned by a continuous clnssj cnl shectmetgl cornice wit11 swa!is.

?he corner house is dcsoribcd under b!o. 23i Garfield Place.

',EST SI'?:, IF'OS. 2-28)

'10. 2-6 is the side of the corner house described undcr ?!o. 754 Carroll Strcct.

>:os. 8-12 are thrcc elep,ant town houscs, rpite unusual in their use bf nrchitectural elements and ir, their oriqinality. They were in the vanguard 06 desj qn Cor 1290, the year they were plnnnetl, on6 were constructed by owner-architect rdward Retts of Brooklyn. Generally syiiir:ietrical on either side of the center iioiise, tlicse three-story ho~isesqive the visi171 imprcssion OF bein? R sirisle

-81- unit, except for the treatment of the roofs which ;Ire differentiated. Suilt of linestone, they are unified by rustication at the basements and first floors. in contrast to the smooth ashlar of the upper walls. Jt would be impossible to assiy! a definite architectural style to these houses, as it is the original handlinr: of vzrious otherwise conventional design clcments which qives them the great ' styie they possess. A11 the first floor window nnJ door lintels are flat with small arches at the ends. At the two cn~iliouses, the very ori~ivnlparlor floor windoes arc actunllv two-sidcJ bays with stained c~lr?sstrnnsons above. They are carried on projecting stone sills set on sinyle console brackets. At the upper floors, central clenents dominate the elevations of the end houses, which hnve tlircc-sidcd bays at the second floors and triple uinLlows with balconies at the third. T!iey me crowned by overhangin? roofs with exposed beam ends, whereas the ccnter holise, wit11 a shallow curved bay at the second floor, has 3 hipped roof s!ieltering the three rrindows of t?ic third floor. These wincloxs have n deck with railino; above the curved bay. The fact thFt the front doorwys are simply ent-rwwd ?>y rustication an:! lintels is an clevnt refinement, enhancing the dcliccltc detail of the bays and balconies above then.

i'os. 14-24. These six houses ?.re late, r:itlicr restrained exaniples of the Romanesqus rlevivnl style. 'rhey wrc built for R.L. ':nrtin and were designed by 3rool~lyi; architect J. D. ihluliffe Elo. 24 in 1693-94 and 30s. 14-22 in 1G9-I-95. Flush-fronted and npproxched by straidit stoops, these houses are vTried in their use of round, sezment31 anJ flat-arched opcninTs in a~:.l6CI?i3C pattern 2nd in the use of rouqh-faced as opposed to smooth-faced stonework. The individual sheetmetal corniccs with their swags an1 wreaths show the oncorninn influence of the new Clnsslclsm.

'lo. 25 is the long side of the corner house llcscrihed under No. 229 Garfield Place.

***

bcsidcnt Strect is a nlcnsnnt resi~lcntinlstrrct. Frncticnlly nll thr

hou~csarc hrohnstonc with many full-llcio.ht, tw -) ?n4 thrcc-sidcd bays. These b;rys, croimod by braclieted corniccs crcntc an lntercstino an4 animatcrl nrofilc ayainst tho sky, 4iicli is scen on both sides OF the strcet. Thc predoninntiny - stylcs ?re tlic neo-Grec and ;? nodificd clnssicisin, r(iI1le ccrtnin r'omanc:squc Re- vival !ctsils ncrsist in Rany of the hoLiscs. ;hc %ccn hne style rlalies its nnncaraiice in brick houses here nntl there. 'Gonethclcss, the overall color derives frnm the lonr: rows of brownstones

('h. ';1:,-820. The Veron?. apartment house, :lo. 322, 3 four-story nulti1)le duclliii- nnJ two msll queen Aiinc town houses, :'os $24 and 7226, arc nll outside the '!istoric District I

':os. G23-344 This row of ninr hrownstoncs was built in 1837 2nd dcsinned IJY nrchitect ?-. :'nrbisor, for Pqtrick %eridnn, who was active in the dcvelopmcnt oC thc rtavvcsant !Icrglits awn. !,itc neo-Crcc in style, they arc ncnrlv identical. II:~VJV~; FaIl-hcioht, three-sidcd bays, high stoops with bnlustcred hantlr~ilinnsmC sr7ll ti-lconies auove tlic doorways. T!ic bolil roof corniccs, cnrricil on clonc.?tc

-32- dcsion. '!o. 8.94 iwas desiniicd as R terminus to the row, with its two-sirled bn\. ~i:tkinn tlic tr:insition to tlic Iiouscs aOloininq to the cnqt. Xascnicnt entrances hiv4, been iq-ovjdct! at "0. 8.34 niid 844.

I'o. SI6 huilt in 1832, ant1 I!o. 3!S, built four years cnrlier, iwrc both constructed by nrchitect-b~ildcrC.T. Curckctt, OF 612 president Street just west of the l'istoric District. The different styles of these two houses represent nn intcrcstinr indication of his nrcliitcctur-11 dcvelopi~ent. :.!o. 846, the later liousc, his n brownstone basement ant1 trin, settino off t!ic red brick wall. The trim inclu3cs bandcourses and colonettcs flankinn thc window. It 112s a basemcnt entrance with cornice slab carried on console brackets. Yo. 843, which is neo- Crcc in stvlc, also has a basement cntrnncc revlacinn its stoop. Cli.~rminplvSZ'TI- plified, nco-Grec incised decorative detail nprcars over the bascmcnt window mc! in the n.roovcs of the windoid enfra~cmcntsit the upncr floors. ?'he nansard roof hns n pair of intcrcsting double dormers above the old cornice line.

"os. :ISO-S6S. In 1633 owner-nrchitcct '.!illian F1R!ia~On, of 69 Seventh .lvciiuc, n1nnnc:l this qronp of ten thr?c-story lto~iscs,wit11 curve-sidd hnvs risinE two stories above high basements. Qn sow of tlic houses there nre rough-"nced blocks under the second story windows of the bays, while in otlicrs he has uscd decorated Fancls at the same location. FlaiiaI?an added n notc of snccial interest p.t '!os. 856-866 by crowning some of the nco-Cree roof cornicrs with trianmlar pediwnts and with low attic windows taking the place of woo11 panels between the brackets. rlic two-sided. full-height bay of thc wcstcrnmost house is carried forward to meet the a.lvanccd wall plane of thc ndjoininr house. naseiwnt entrances have been nrovitlc:l at three houses tlic other houses still havc their L-shaped stoops of roiioh-fxcd brownstone.

Vo. 870 (\IO. S7? hns'bocn omittcd from the street numbcrinn svstcq). Thirty feet wide, this handsone private dwcllincr. cntercrl just nhovc strcet level, was crcctcci by architect-builder C.F. Ihrckctt before 1SP,P, whcn it bccamc the residcncc of !'hnrlcs C. Knowlton. Custois-built, this Romancsque Revival rcsidcncc is asvm- metrical and very substantial loolcinq. It lias a tlirce-sided, threc-story bay above a low bascment; the third story of this hay is mde 06 shectmetal and possibly added, concealing a large arched oveninc in the wall plnc At the first floor, cj round-arclied doorway is enlianced by thc surroundin? rouqh-faccd stoner.~ork,wliilc a checkerboard band of stonc en1 ivcns thc broad handcoiirsc separatinn the first nnd scconcl stories of the bny. ,At the upixr stox-ics, the windows have keyed stonc enfrnvxcnts. An unusual, small staincd glass win'low, at the front of the second floor bay, has a triangular pcdimcnt on brackets.

>lo. 374 wns tlic rcsidencc of Charlcs Ii. Burclrett' it was built at ap!iroxi- mntcly the same tiiie as h!o 870. In its present Fom, as remodeled in the first hal' of t!ic 20th century, it was inspiretl by Tudor architecture, making use of a iude ranye of iwterials' randor, brickwork, stone and stucco. nicely proportioned scyental-arched doorway, at strcc: level, is of stone and lias a drip moldino en- frnmin? nn heraldic emblen ccntcred above it.

VOS. C76 and 07s. This pair of orange-colorcd, Ronnn bricl. residcnccs was erccteJ in 18E3 for Jams C. .le:iert, with Brooklyn architect Uhert E. 1l'hite ns tlcsi~:ncr. These two also built an eight-housc rot$ on IJnion Street in the same ycar. Ensicnlly late Qoisnncsque "cvival in stvlc, thcse houses have round and ellinticnl-arched opcninps and randon asltlnr stone walls at thc bsscwnt an

Mo. WO-SR8. A brick npzrtmcnt house, built jn 1949, stan4s on the site oC the forwr !.6ickenbach mansion. The light color brick of this builcling, which is dcscribc.1 undcr 'lo. 100 fi~htlifl.venuc, harmonizes vith the brick of ':os. R76-878 eo the rest.

-33- (The five liouscs to the west of Yo. 23; arc outsirlc thc llistnric Ihstrict.)

>'os. 2,33439. In 1854-25 'lilliai-i Flnnnnnn. a prolific r'ark Slow huildcr, crcctc4 thcsc four houscs after purchnsinE the 1?1?)1Froin the :lctlioctist Episcopal ''ospi tnl cnrly in 1Sr. 1. Thc property had ori~innllybelonged to the Pollicmus 'ny-iily. l'hcsc broimstones 3re p-irt of a roii of nine cstcndin? to the Seventh ,Avcnuc corwr. They arc late csanlplcs of nco-Grcc stylc, sinilar to houses on north side OF Carroll Ftrcet bctwcn Scvcnth and Fiy!.th Ivcnucs built by .John 'la?illignrl n yoar or two Inter. The rlansgnn liouscs also have full-hcicht, two- si~:ccf hays, with pilnstcrs at the apex of tlic bays, rinriy rctain balustercd hand- rni lines :ind newels at thcir stoops. %la11 I)nl~stcrcdbnlconics, set on cornice slnls rcstiny on corbels eivc cliprnctcr to tllc doorwys

!,:s - friczc rvith FIC~V~;.* lw --~-~~~t1.1~11 ?i~1;l~~:ii~e s1uni.c nnncls croims all the roof corniccs. Other unusunl FcTtui es inciurlc the str27icht stoops with widc landinns at the third step. 'rh~iron lxmlrailinps at the stoops and t!ic yard rnilincs are liyht nnJ oncn, in conti-2st to the bnlustcrcd nco-Grec yarJ ralliny at the ncii;hborir- housc to the \

'lo. 351 was built bcforc 12?7 an,! wns tlcsip,ncd !,y architect-hiiil+cr !Yi.vrrj 1:. 1:. Stiirnes, 1r4io also built p:os G53-357. In spit? of its nnrrow fiftccn-foot uitltli ~ :lo. C51 has nrchitccturnl clistinction. Fnsicnlly qoninncsquc Revival in style, it has neo-Clnssical overconcs. rhc full-heiqlit, flush-fronted bav +ins cscc,>tionnlly wide sinrlc wintlovs nt thc parlor an.1 sccond Cloors, with p2irec! arci\c! ones at tlic top story. Eanrlcourscs crcntc. 3 strong horizmtal definition at cxh cloor tlie one nbovc the parlor floor i~~indwvis nost unusual, with an ovcr-nll pattern of shni?oi\i-proi:ucin? circular notifs cut into the stone. The doonmy hns a sciii-circular nrcli kit11 br.?cltcts sun1mrtin~n cornice slab which is extcn,Icgl 1iorizr.ntally as n cornicc xross tlic ndi(;ininm bay. Thc archcd trnnso~l of tlie cntrince door displays intcrcstiny stninccl =lass. 'rile roof cornicc 113s 1nl.r attic rdindoivs, flnnLc.1 by pilnstcrs, sct in t!ic fnscin bonrd.

Nos. 853-i:57 vcre also Jesigncd by Sturgcs and built in 1335. Of the thrce Iiouses. ' 0. s57 bLst retains its orizinnl appearance. It has ;I full-height; pol\r,Jonal masonry bay crowncd by n cornice in wi~ichthe small ivindow of tlic nttLc storv hnvc been incorporated in the fascia bonrd. Altliounh the housc has certain

,Jccor?tivc ~ieo-Grccdctlils ~ the archccl entrpnce, cnriclieJ by Iinnrlsow stonc ~0::s- soirs an+ the cnfrnming coi-;lice slab on foliate brnckcts reflect classical influcncc. past iron newels with qriffons tcrriinatc the 1isndr:cilings at t'ic stoon. Atr ,:os. 27; and 255 basement entrances h:ivc bccn pro\riJcd they ILlvc beer sriootli- stuccoc,l and fourth floors with mctal window sash PnJ I? high mrapct have been ntl%lctl.

-84- includinr: tlic pilasters an,; the trinnyul~rpcdinent ovcr t!ic pnrlor floor window -- gives the housc n neo-Ital:an ?enaisszncc f!nVOi.. ~IO. C61, Doidlinq's own rcsidcnce, has n dimity cnlinnccd by :.ts I,-shai)cd stoo:, nnd pro1iincnt curved bay, which at tlic top story bccDincs 1wlyf:onal in siinpc. Thc basclicnt, parlor floor walls, stoop 2nd yanl wnll arc a11 rough-fnccd. Thcsc clcments, toyt!icr witl. tlic carvcl! ornq- mmt nbovc thc parlor floor window and tilc blind lunettc ahovc tlic cloorviay, provide this residcnce with its basically Rorianesquc Revival character.

?!os. 863-867 were erected by builder Edh'?.rd A. nlds in 1833-69. They are threc ident icnl brownstones with full -hci~lit,thrce-sidcd boys. "ctardntaire in style, their cornices sliow thc lin!:cring influence of the neo-Crec style on the Slope. 'rhc pcdiincnted windows rvitli ni lasters at the center parlor floor windows oC tile bays arc neo-Italian Rcnaissancc in c1iar;lctcr. Tic roof cornice follows the procilc of thc bays, protlucin: nn intcrestinq silhoucttc agninst the sky. Two of tlicse houses preserve their original rlouhlc doors nnd at b'o. 867, the small cvt iron balustrade abovc tlie doorway. The heavy cast iron hantlrailinqs of the stoop, the newel posts and the yard railings of unusual dcsiqn and best Freservcd at the same housc.

!!o. S69 (Mo. 871 has bccn omittcd fror tlic street nuqberinr: systcrn). This striliinr; rcsidcnce -- uniquc in tlic District -- was built in 1885. It was dcsiwcci in I 1iir:hly individual vcrsion of tlic Rovanesnuc i'evival stvlc by tlic distinnuishwl architect, Jlenrv nplen hvcry , for Ftcwrrt L . ',ooriford. '':octIford was a nrominent nemlicr of thc r!ontauk Club and at one timc ambassndor to Spain, and noved to Prcsidc~tStrcet fron No. 67 Caiibridge Place in thc Clinton Ifill scction of Brooklyn. It is an unusually wide house (3Gf-O''), with a doorway approached by n low stoo?. Striking in.its simplicity, its broad brick ignll surfnccs and sylnnetrical composition are unuswl for this style of architecture. Thc building matcrjnls Iiavc: been handlctl with imgination and sensitivity. The facade, with its varicd o?enings and two oricls, is benutiklly coiyosed. Thc thrce wide arcllcs above thc entrance, and the flnrikinn windows, are constructed with radial masonry units. The brick door an(! window jambs are giver! sparkle through the use of square edpal alternntinq with chamfered brick. Thc window lintels have brick relicvinp arches above all thc upper floor openings, includinc the oriels. The broad expanse of brickwork is an effective foil for the pair of striking oriels at the second floor. T!icsc two-sided \!ood oricls arc bracketed out fron the wall on struts and have ornmental studding at the upriqhts. Continuous horizontal lintels and sills of stonc unicy the three paircd iGindows at third floor level. h structurally exnressive wooden roof cornice has outlookers carried on brick corbels, supporting a continuous horizontal front member. 2 sophisticntcd wrought iron grille and Class front door has a pair of peacocks in the 4rt Oeco manner and a simple wroucht iron femc cncloses the front yard. Since 1964 this house has served as the rcsidence of the :iissionnry Servants of the 'lost !'oly Trinity, n 9omnn Catholic ordcr dcvotcd to work amon? the poor, with healquarters in '*Jasliington,D.C.

;io. 873 (;Io. S75 has been onitted frori the strcet numberinn system). This residence and :'lo. G46 xross the strcet are t!ie oldest !iou-ccs on president Street tctwcen Cevcnth and :i$ith >venues. %th iicre crccted in 1578. KO. S73 was Jesiqncd bv Ctnchlin 6 5teiycr for Francis Q. YFCcld. '{is dauqhter, T5.ss Louise M"cld, a well-known rcsident of Park :lope, lived here for over ninety years *mc+was lcss than threc ycnrs of age wiicn thc fanily moved to this house. T?iis Victorian brick residence is reninjscent oF 4 sw11 suburbnn villa, despite the reiiovnl in 1971 of a wood porch on the east side. It has a 'stick stvle" ovcrlianq at tlie front nnble ruth supportinE struts and elonnatnd wood brackets. At tlie ancx of the cable them is n decorative jifJsaw yrille. Thc small square' lvindows under the deep ovcrllanyine C~VCSall orirrinnlly had exterior wood blinds. Tlic two-story, three-sided hy lins a prominent coi-nicc at mid-height nnc! at the to?. Roneath tlie sills of the parlor floor windows and above those of the seconrl story are decorative panels of toothed brickwork.

i'o. a77-095, at thc cast erld of this blockfront, is described under ?lo. 90 Eiyhth .?venue. The inposing nco-Georgian tiansion, Thc llnity Cliib, at the southcast corner, of5x-s a dignified introduction to this fine, tree-lined residential street. An occasional brick building 1enJs contrast to the ?retloiinatinP rows of hrownstoncs

'lo. 800-900 is the Ion? side of the nansion described under No. 101 Finhth 4vcnuc.

;!os. 002-906. These tall, stntely four-story houses, built in the nid-I8ROs, Trc typical of the Queen &me style. hilt oC brick, with bromstone at the bnsc.vents ard parlor floors, thcir severity is relicvc4 bv thc use of ornanentzl terra cotta at the upper storics. T!icir verticality is c:iphnsizrd by thrce- sided bnys extendin: up to the thin1 stories, siirriounterl in turn by flush bnys wit:! terra cottn rieJinents at the scallope,l ti lc roofs These trianvular pcdimnts ilavc ccntrTl details rcpreseiitincr thc hcad OC Triton above n scallop shell. Plcasnnt toils to the austerity of these housec arc the elclicnt,olyornnicntcd tcrra cottn and brownstone panels an(l the handcourses which erihellish the bays. A basclient entrmce has been provided at "0. 904.

:'os. 008-934. This row of fourtoen houscs 141 tii rough-fnced brownstone base- raents was lxwn in 1899 by Orooklyr? nrchitcct-owner Patrick Sncridan. The houses src threc mid a half stories above hiph bpseicnts with J,-shapecl stoops, in a stylc siiilar to houses on the south sit!c of Carroll Ctreet between Seventh and Fiqhth l\rcnucs. Tu1 1-heiqht , thtec-sidcd masonry hays arc intcrestinqly varied throri7h the altcrnatiny use of convex and flat sides. The roo6 cornices reflect the ~ anqulnrity of thc bnys belo!+ and hnvc a serics nF low rectnnqular attic windows cut in the fascia boards, flankel by bolt1 neo-Crec brnc!tets. Though not visible froq the street, the roof sweens ET. behind the cornice. crcnting a full story bciiin-1 tilcse windows. "ore or less uniform, they sham certain Rowncsquc p~- vivnl fe2tures, notably thc L-s!inpcd stoops lead in^ un to identical entrances flnnked by slender columns with swceoing consoles ahove them supporting cornice slabs. Sow of the walls arc roucli-faccd ax! som have rough-faced stonework unjcr thr windows, but nost have snooth-faced trip) xroimd thc windows. 4t severd houses, base-ent cntrmccs have hem nrovided. J,aura .Jean Libbey ("rs . Van "nter Ctili\lell) livcrl at 'Jo. 916. She was tile popular piithor of SOJIC eiyhty novels with such titles The hjc? of :I !.overs Then ?ut Strangers ;rnJ as _-_ - Kiss. _.. .- __ _------P!ow 5 E:tal-'boiny,. !!er books sold Isillions OF copies. Shc died In 1924 and is buried in 7recn\

h!os. 036 and 938. These two liouscs wer? probably built in thc late 1290s or cnrly nineties, judrini. fro? their style. Thcy nrc sjmlnr in width to the ad- joinir?n nlirs to thc cast. The ropf cornices disnlay n wcPltli of ornmcnt, in- clurlinq brnckcts, dentils, bend and recl moldinzs an:! a frieze enriched by vertical ornnmcnt . The stoops have been removed to provitle bnscnent entrances.

+'os. 940-7n2. These two wirlc ?uccn hnnc houses, with survivinn: traces of Rom?.ncsquc detail, iiay havc been dcsinned by architcct Charles T. ?Iott, w?lo in 1210 did an nltcrntion for owner E.71. Collienon. Rlt!iouqh they have been altercd, dctails rcriain that relate they to the ndloininp !louses, ?!os. 344-946, bullt in l.Sg6: this is corroborated by thc Robinson Atlas of lSt?G, these houses and ;los. 944-916 formed B ?art of a larncr enseqble which was to have includctl the site of !des. 956 and 933. ,It bios. 940 and 942, thc pair of rusticated stone arches of the parlor floor windows repeat the tliemc of ?lo. 0A4. These arches spring Croi toothc.1 brickwork bandcourscs supported on brick corbels. The paired windows on the second floors with terra cotta panels bcncatli arc repcated at No. 944. rn- trPnces nt street level replace the original stoops.

tias. 944-C46. These tvo queen Anne houses. a part of the adjoinin? qroup, on- joy a sul)tlc asyvctry in their iiassinq. I'eaked yzbles of uneqiinl sizc crown the houscs 2nd flank a centrals recessed courtyard fro1 vhich the liouscs were originally entcrcd, as were ?!os. 940-42. 'fit:iin the onbles arc tcrrn cottn shiclds hcnring thc date of construction of this pair, 1386 . A nnir or wood hnlconies with nnirc1.l end brackets at the third floors have hnndsone wou

-86- PRTF1r)T;'T_-__- FTKFFT Cetwecn Eighth Avcnuc 6 Prospect Park "est

identical in dcsixn to that of the centrnl roc+ deck in thc courtyard. !!ide riaired stoops have iron handrailings. nutstandin? dccorntivc fcatures arc in- tricately patterned, terra cottn pnnels between parlor floor an4 scconrl story windows 2nd the toothed br,chwork window surrounJs. 'lost notable is thc battered bric!work flankin? the parlor floor windows and their stained ?lass. Risinn nt the left corner of No. 946. in the planc of the gable, is a tall chirlney, cnrryinq LI? to the linc of touph-fnccd stonc quoins. Yo. 946 vas thc liom of Carl Tollecsoq, a well-known music teacher, fainous for his collection of nntiquc musical xnstru- nents. It is now the Tollefson School of Music.

(The fifteen-story apnrtnent housc at the corncr of prospcct Park "'est is outsidc the I'istoric District .)

!:""T:l SIDE (~Ios. 897-953)

i.10~.897-905. The lone side of' this house, also described under 20. 05 Eight!. Avenuc, hns n hnndsomc two-story polysonnl bay with iron crestinys. Unlike most of the sidc walls of othcr siqilar houses, the windows hcrc are grouped close to thc ccntrnl bay. and nbovc it, lcavinz large unbroken cxpanscs of brick on cither side.

(h.907 is an open accessway )

Yos. a09-913. These thrce liouscs, built by 1886, nre dicnified three-story brownstoncs with simple wnl 1 surfnccs. Their intercst dcpcnds on the riidc an.qilar bays with larp windoiv openinljs. Above these ti%"o-storypolygonal bays are low iron crestincs servin? as biilcony rnilinzs. Col*plcientinn thcse balconies are the pilasters Flanking tlic windows of the top stories set above the bays. The notlillioncd cornices have a dignified simplicity. A bnscnent entrance has becn providcd at Yo. 913.

?'os. 915 and 917. Thesc two houscs were built for Patrick Sheridan, owncr- architect, of E36 bllyrtle Avcnuc, Broohlyn, in 1690. "isin2 above their neinhiiors on cither sitle, thesc two Iiouses arc four stories above hi:h bnscnients. Their verticality is strongly cmpl~asizcdby full-heiv!it bays. Vie sqqooth blocks of the wall vereer crz clcarly defined. These houses arc forthrinlit and robust in np- pcnrnnce. Imposingly enframed doorvnys and uindows in thc wall planes balance t!ic vivorous upward thrust of the bays. The doorway nt P!o. 917 is flnnltcd by colunns, above which brackets support a thin cornicc slab. Thc low rounh-faced stone yard w~llsand tlic stoop winpwalls are similar to those on the other side oF the street A bascncnt entrance h;ls bccn provided at P!o. 315.

(i.:o. 913 has been omittcd fron the strcet nuinbering system.)

:!os. 921-941. This long row of elevcn three-story brownstone houses is psnc- tically uniforpi in appearance. TIicy werc built bv 1886 in a siqpliFie.l version of thc nco-Crec style, which enjoye,l ireat popularity in the Park Slope area until well into the 1880s. They are similar to rows of thc same pcriod on ?resident Street betwccn Ccventli and Eighth Avenues, notably 110s. 328-943. i!os. 921-9.11 have tall, full-heiyht. three-sided masonry bays, trinnnular pediments over the center parlor floor win4ows of most of the bays, high straizht stoops and heavily brackcted roo" cornices. I'andsone cast iron balustercd handrnilinzs at the stoops and yard railinns, inany of which renain co:ilnlete with their massive newcl posts, are typically neo-Grec. Bascnicnt entrnnccs have bccn provided at ?os. 9S7 and 941.

P:o. 943 was designed by the architectural fir1 of Slee Bryson. It vas built in 1912 by the Gustof h. Johnson Ruildinz Company nnd is n four-story yellow brick apartnent house, entered at street level, with stone trim and classical detail at the entrance. A large central window, to the lcft of thc entrance, has a stone enfranrement keyed to the brickwork.

Nos. 945-953. Begun in 1900, these five apartment houses of limestone have paired entrances and stoops excent at TJo. 945. They are four stories high and have full-height , how-fronted bays. Dcsigticd with n sioiplificd neo-Classical dc-

-87- _-__DRtSIT)T:IT STREET Eetrveen Eighth Avenue E %-osDcct "ark "est tail, they lend a quiet dignity in this block of one-family residences

(No. 955 has been omitted frori the street nunbcrinz system.)

(The buildin? at the corner of Prospect Park 'lest, "The 'ladonna Residence is outside the I'istoric District.)

****

St. John's Place was originally nnirlcd Dorr~lassStreet. In 1870 the scction east of Fifth Avenue was renamed Ct. Johds Place.

ST. .TWkrf? PIACE Bctwccn Fifth Sixth Avenues . - -. - - 6

S"lJlI1 SIDE (?'OS. 76-86)

:Jos. 76-36 are a one-story carngc and tlie lonq side of the horisc dcscribcd undcr ~Jo. 148 Sixth Avenue.

"0. 71-51 is the long side of thc Iiousc clcscrihcd iincler Vo. 146 Sisth Avcnue.

This street is rei;rarhnble for its quality of uniformity, with three-story brownstones with full-height Inys facing each othcr down both sides of the street. on the north side the rows arc terriinated, at the cast end, by the charminr: littlc St. .Tolints (?.I-.) Church and Rectory, with tlic church set well back from the strcct. The equally long rows of 1)roiwstoncs on the south side are terninate4 by five town houses of unusual desiTn and the iiytrcssive rkqorial Prcsbyterinn Church with its Chapel and Sunday School which has a frontage of about 135 feet to the coriicr of Seventh >,venue. 1'1th its stccple, pnhlcs and high finials, it provides a nictrircsque teriiiination to thc south side of the street.

No. 88-38 is the corner house, with deep back yard, which is described tm!er Yo. 155 Sixth Avenue.

(Elcs. 100-136 have been oinittcd froq the street numhcrinq system.)

FJos. 138-162. This lony row cf thirtee!i brownstones was built in 1891-32 by veteran Park slope owncr-builder, !Jilliam Flnnnynn. Tnc houses, with their flill-height, three-sided bays and jaFgcd rooflincs, still reflect the linqering infliience of tlic neo-Grec style, althouoh the sinooth walls, rcctnnqular doorways an4 roit7in decorative motifs arc inspired by the clnsrjcnl tradition. The Iiouscs are all idciitic~l,except for a variation in the parlor floor windows: windows with trnnsor bars 2nd stnincrl plnss triinsnnis nlteriiate with windows having none,

-8.5- in n eenernlly 4B8\/? pattern. Easement walls and stoops ;ire rouch-faced. A few ilavc ntlc;cd uniisunl wrou~litiron handrailinns ad ynid railings, conplete at Po. 19,. reflectin:: the rcvival of rzzou~litiron at the end of the 19th century. This row is characterized by an absence of dccorntive detail, exccpt for a carved molding in thc entablature over thc entranrc and for the frieze of the bracketed cornice. An ciiiphnsis on horizontnlity derives from the moldinps above the lintels of ench story,r!i\’in: these houses n feelin: of cornfortablc solidity.

?’os. 164-174. These six brownstones are nco-Crec in style with two-sided masonry bays extcnd1n.q to the roof cornices, with full-heiqht pilasters at the apex of each bay. The roil was erected in 1986-87 bv builder Thomas F. Grecn. The houscs have siriple paneled wooden roof cornices with dentils. The cornice slabs Rbove the doorimys, carried on qrooved pilasters and hracliets, support miniature balus- terdbnlconies with typical neo-Crec urn fininls which complc’ilcnt the large cast iron narrcls of the handrailinns at the stoops. Thcse hnvc survived intact nt Nos. 166 and 168. Tynical inciscil decorations arc found in the second and third story window lintels of thc bays, with carved recessed panels under the parlor floor win,lnws. In contrast to the roiq at the west, with its flush-fronted thrce- sided h!ys, the apex of t!iesc tiJo-sicle,l bays is further cmphnsizcd by thc roof cornice which follows the profiles of the pilasters ns well as creating an anylnr Drofilc nt thc roof line.

Ir!os. 176 and 178. This remarkable pair of queen :\nnc style houses was dcsinned by Erooklyii architect R.L. 3:~s. The houses were built in 1837-86 for two physicians, “illinm ;!. Thallon and CdwnrJ Bunker, whose professional emblem, the cadu- seus, aFvears in the richly ornanlcnted gnblc of hlo. 178. They are of red brick above broimstone first flo’ors and basements. Saooth and rouqh-faced stone\mrk has liecn used for contrast aiitl to accent the deteils. Rein? wider, No. 176 . dominates this pair but they share a slate roof with a nicturcsquely arrayed mriety of gzhles, dormer windows and a tower crowned by a conical roof. The cusp~d arch enfraiwncnt of the donier window at p!o. 176 is sheltered beneath a stcep qnblc, sunported by n pair of interestin? caryatid brackets. The doorway, crowned by a fclintc lintel stone, an.4 the parlor floor window, with its wide Gothic arch, are rcainiscent of the work of I’ilson Eyre of Philsdclphia. The two sides of t!iis trinle vnn:iow are divided into many snnll liqhts contrasting with the plate ?lass ccntrnl [*nit. At ?io 176, R bold asynmetricnl elcvation displays a towcr at the r~.qht-hnnri side interlscked. at its base, with 3 wide-arched entrance porch at the lcrt side The house is approached by a low stoop. The upper linlves of the nnrlor floor anrl third floor windows are tlividcd into nany small lights, typical of the rueen Anne style. The whole treatwnt of the tiered windows, and the gable flanked by fiiiials crowned by a conical roof, was 1.1~- .; ., :,-21 :;. ~CIi-1SS::iiCL‘ -,rCi‘Cr>tyT.cf;. b!os. 130-134 werc built after 18Q1 by Croolllyn lxiilder “’illia? L. Dowlinz, who livc,(l at OG1 I’rcsiJcnt Street, in t!ic District. Thcy are brownstone buildings with +-ill l-:ieig;it, tliree-sided rsasonry bays, similar window alignnents and classical cornices with trirly-phs am1 bosses. The lor< bnsment walls nt all three are rouoh-flced and siooth-faced tinttcred stonework. rcrtnin dctnils, howcvcr, arc qui tc tli‘fcrcnt . Pit \‘os. 1SD-lrjZ the entrance doors nrc paircd above short stoops i\itli low stone balustrades. Tiic steeply-pitched +-i7 noldinqs ahove thcse t1ooi-s ?.rc flankcrl by vcrtical ribs set on foliate corbels. ‘i!ie symetry of this pair Rives alcost t!ic irn-ession of a sinzle housc. Althou?:i ilomnesnue Revival details appcnr in each house, they are distinctly diffzrcnt, notably in the treatment of the snnll second storv windows above the doorways. h:o. 154 has arched windov,s at t!ic p-irlor floor bay supported on bol?ly carvec! cn?itals. ?nootIi, nltcrnntin: with rou-li-faced, stone blocks form an interestins checkerboard pattern above the ?omnesque arches of parlor floor windows and the +ant doorway. Thesc arches are suzmorted by cngaeed columns with robustly carved capitals. The doors of all thrcc houses are a fine cxanple of the multipaneled doors of the Romanesque Zevivnl period.

The buildjnq east of &lo. 184 is one sidc of the plenorial Presbyterian C!wrch, C!inpel and sunday School, described under F!o. 42-4s Seventh Avenue.

-89- '0 W2TII SIQt (NOS, 83-165)

'lo. ?3-ql is thc lonq siA. of thC qablctl Iious~,with qnrnyc in thc rear yard, d?scriI>c\l under ?!o. 153 Cixth Avcnuc.

':OS. 9.1 nn4 95. Thclsc two brownstones wcr<: bui It by Broo!tlyn owner-:irchitxt .T.'!. 3ohLrty in 18Z7-35. Thcy nr- 1Ttcr in ticit,- nnc! larqcr thnrl thcir ncic!iSors to thc L;Ist but arc ncvcrthcl,-ss har~oniousin scalc nnd nrticiilation with them. '"it11 s~~otlisurfaces, pi lasters and thz ornnnpntctl p,:dincnt nt thc parlor floor ~.iindowof YFo. 35, they show thd influence os tlic nco-Italian knaissnncc dcspitc thc.ir 1)r~ckot~dcoriiicc ,typical of an cnrlicr period. A hasutncnt antrancc hns bccn nrovi,l:J nt Yo. 93.

('lo. 07 has hwn oniittCd fro-? th:> strcct nuinbcrinc. systw.)

b'os. 03-109. TtitJsc: six houscs rcre built by Crooklvn oimdr-builclcr Tho~lns Crccn in 1331-82. Thcy arc narrorv houscs of browstonc, not Lxccctiinc! 16 fcct 3

inches in width, wit!i flush Fronts .-nJ lnrpc singl,, parlor floor windows. Tiicy nr I rim-Crcc ip style with low pcdimrnts ovcr nrchcd doorimvs carried on strapwork I)racl,cts. 'arrow hands nit, rnnt, \vi th wi !er stoni. coursus at tlic bnscncnt . Thc buildl-r, r'flcctincr the slcn,. of the strcrt, dram 0 thc 2lcvntion at cvcrv other birilJinn so that th? roof cornic,~arc nlipnod in nnirs. Th- oricinal neo-Grw hnlust~~rc?hnndrailinqs and sc~~iari-sr~ctioncdncw~ 1 ~)ostsof cast iron rewin nt '"os. 191, 103 and 1C7.

?'os. 111 ant1 113 arc full-blown cxamplc's of tlic ndo-crcc stvlc built by o\c.nLbr- bui l[!cr rhoins Grccn in 1552. In contrnst to thc adjoinin!: roil to the west, both

houscs Fc:iturc thc typical , full-h\ izht ~ two-sitlcd nnsonry bny with pilaster at thc ancy. No. 113 bcst rctains its oriyinal Pppcarpncc with its handsorno archi)(! cntrnncc crowed by a rcstrnincd pcdiiwnt with cars or acrotcria and dcep rwc,?l. Groovcd frnn's surrtund all of thz isixlows wiiic!i arc crowned by incisctl lintols and V-sl-npcd corbels supportinn thc si 11s of thc pirlor floor windows.

::os. 115-137. Tliis row of tir'rllvc brownstoncs wr?s bcclun in 1887 by Gcorvc 1:. Fn,ccin.ln, \iho wns a iiotL1 vianngcr niid a Coney Islanll dcvclopx-builder. I'c livil! at 44 Ci?vinth Avcnuc. 4lthoi:rh th6:sc qdo-Grec houscs are only sliaT!itly ivider thnn ::os. 9"-109, thi dcsip, with a ti~~o-sidcdfull-hciglit hay with pilaster at thc ax.\. civcs tlic illusion OF J lnrpcr house. The oriyinal doors romain UnaltLred at % 115. rlnnhcd by pilnstLrs support in^ brxckcts. til,. dooriunys have sw11 bi:iistrad,-d balconiLs kith <>nc! posts ?isplpvinc! urns. The roof cornices ar- 'lost tvpically nco-?rdc. ":any fine hnlustered 1iandrni~inc.sat the stoons and yard rnilinrrs rcinin. horl;: thc notccl rcsirlcnts of this row were Plfrcd P. Slo~i, Sr., tL'n 1icrchnnt, whosc son Alfred -. Slonn, .Tr., siit-nt his youth at k.117 an(; idcnt on to bkom Chairvan of the Roard of Gcncral '{otors.

Tlic mtl house in this row, Yo. 137, vrcscnts ,in qxxtrtnL,ly ~iitcrcstiii~~fnc.~~l~ , in snitrl of its narroitr frontnnc. it 113s thc usual ciill-l:ci:Iit, two-sided bay nncl n rxt;lnniilnr bay rising up two stories aiiovc: t'io cornicc slab crowninq thc doorway alonqside of it. ?mall liyhts across the ton 2nd. at thc sidcs of the window fncinq tfir strret in thc rt-ctanrylnr hay are of a type qenarnllv nssociatcd with nuwn Inn?, althouqh thc otlicr dcsign clmcnts arc all nuo-Crcc. In the cnrvec! pnncls irts2t below the parlor floor windoi~~s,FRCCS rcnresont ' lau~htcr'and "tcnrs' -- the dc.1iyhtful work of an anonvnous 19th cintury stone carver. The nrojcctinp rectangular bay scrvcs tiic piirnose of tcrminatlng the row in the Sam iilanc kith thc ructory.

'io. 139, thc qectory of St. .lohn's (P.F.) rhiirch, form nn effective ter- .piinntion cor tli~rows of lious

~~-30- .Tunc 15, 1863. Tlic +'ollohinp venr, 07 lpril 1 ', 1?7n, thc street nme \!as c!imned fmii nou?l?ss to Yt. John's in !ionor 06 the church.~~

Cased on stylistic eviJcnce, the rectory anpenrs to have heen built at about the saw tifle as the church. Both are Victoriln Cothic in style and are built of rou?li-ficed, random ash1.w sandstonc with pninte:3-arch windows and doors. These arches :ire, characteristica!ly, coriposcd of varicolored 'stone voussoirs. The wid:: main o,nhle of the church, fxing St. .John's Place, includes in its spread seven slendcr lancet windows, stepped upwards over n central pointed-arch doorway. The !?nble is crowned by a bell-cote. 3espite its mansnrd roof, the rectory is architecturally quite similar to the cliurch. It hPs a handsome Gothic porch of cast iron, faciny: the yard, and an unusual colonettc set in a chamfered recess between mired windows at the southcast corner. spite its small size, this cl!amin~co7??1ex of hui1dinr:s creates a nemorable anti lzsting irwression.

~~hro. 155-165 is the lonE side of the corner house, with rear yard, adlomino the church, which is described under ':o. 40 Seventh ?venue.~~

~~CT. -Jnl''I'c PLACE Between Ceventh 6 Fi$itli Avenues ____~~~

This street sweeps up fro17 Seventh Avenue toward the Grnnd hrny Plaza with %xce (.l.E.) Church on the left. The houscs on both sidcs are predominantly neo-qrec in style, with full-heinht . two-sided bays, nnd are set back to provi.lc spaces for smll front yards along this tree-lined street.

~~hie. 172 is the long side of the corner house, with rear yard, which is described un3er 'lo. 37 Seventh Avenue.~~

t'os. 158-196. This row of five brownstones WRS erected before 1883 by owner Thomas Fanan, n neighborhood builder who was active in the development of the nistrict. :'eo-Grec in stvlc, these three-story houses, with their two-sided full- heiqlit hays, have pilasters at the apex of each bny, reflected in the profiles of the bracketed roof cornices. The cornice slabs over the doors are carried on Erooved brackets and are surqounted by criss-cross lwtterned crcstinTs with orb- like finials at some of the houses. The fine bnlustered cast iron hanrlrailinqs at the stoovs and yard rnilinqs remain at most of the houses.

:\'os. 190-292 are among the earliest neo-Grec hrownstones in the area, datinr: from 1676 They were erected by Rrooklyn owner-bui lJcr, Samuel ttenry. Three- stories liiqh, they have full-hei?nt, two-sidell bays, like the row to the west. "cre, however, the second floor seemental-arched windows have individual frames crowncc! by ' eared' pedimented lintels decorated wirh incised ornament and there are no pilasters a~ the apexes of thc bays. The parlor floor windows of the bays have corbeled lintels decorated with incised ornament. The seiyientnl-arched doorimys have deep corbels supportin? I eared'' pedi!iented lintels and the original cast iron helustered handrailinps at the stoops remain 2.t Cos. 198 and 200.

''os. 704-212. Tliis rot,! of Five brownstones h-.~'X~IJli in 1C32 1,~t::n -i-cllflc Park Slope dcvelotier and builder, lrillian Flanagan. Quite similar to the three earlier houses adjoining, they differ principplly in the elaboration oF thcir doorways where cornice slabs on brnckets are crowncd hy iron crcstings. ?!os. 704 an

!'os. 214-218 were designed in 1329 by the prolicic Drooklyn Ilei~htsarchitect Robert nixon for owner-bui lder T!loi?as Faqan. These Victorian brownstones are iTpressive in scale, !iein:i soiiewhnt wider PP ' t-l !e:- ti,.ril: tllcir ncl .ll*.nrs.

-91- 'They have full-height. curvc-side3 b?vs uhich bcco7-e three-sided at thc top floor CouP'I-faceI stonework ?_tt:-c b?scncnt floors :!nd panels undcr the Igindows at all Floors contrnsts wit'] the snoot:! wn11 siirfxces. ilczvy consoles surmount short squnt colunns xith trnnsitionnl ca:iitals at the entrances. Tlie house which best prcserves its oripinzl sppsarnnce IS No. 215. 8aseypent entrances habe brcn nra- vitletl at ?!os. 214 and 216.

~~(RI~~.220 and 222 linve been omitted Fron xhe street numbering systerl.)~~

'!os. 224 2nd 226 were Imilt in 18C5 by owner-builder ''illi7r1 .Johnston, W110 livctl ?L "0. 224. Thcy are almost identical to "os. 186-146, to the west, with t!!e cxcmtion of the desion of the iron crestinps on the cornice slabs above the doorways. Coth houses retain their original cast iron !iandrnilings st the stoops 2nd their yard railings.

kS. 228-210. These seven neo-Srcc brownstones vere bullt in 1884 !CVC?- oper I'cnry Lansdell. T!,ey are exce*-tionally fine, late exaiy)les of this style, well eupressed in the incisctl decoration Tnd in tlic unusunl cnrvetl nnnels beneath the windows. The shal low full -hci -lit, two-siJed hays hzve qrooved pi lasters flarikinv the windovs at every floor. The entrTnce doorways, \\itil thick cornice s17bs c3rriell on hold 1:rackets arc c:llbeIlisheJ by iron CrestinPs. The most un- itsun1 fc?twes o' these houses, hoirrcvcr, are their roof cornices, 1.diich -.-?e? wl ' Oil end brackets, 'iit'~7-e-i.v conc-vc ioldl>j~~;rt ri,e LP- r ;>l;.in Friezes, pic ti:.tc? ,- 1 scrics ofsmzll ornamental riotifs bcneath then. Thc hnlusteiwl handrailinns and ornate newel posts rerinin at ho. 230. !.'o. 240 also retains its oriEinn1 hnlusterecl yard railing.

~~.lo. 752 is thr long side of t:ie corner horrse, wit!] low nddition at the rear, described under P;o. 8 Eighth Avenue.~~

~~I'QRTt: =ID!3 (;los. 167-217)~~

'\:o. 167-177 is the side of Grace ( 1.E.) Cli:ircll, at the corner of Seventh Avenue. described iindcr No. 31-35 Scventh Avenue. Thi s tiandsome church ori,oinallY had a bromstone sgire crohninp t':e corner COVCI, which was dnnaecd and rcnovcJ aCtcr the hurricane of 1344.

OS, 179-195 (iJo. 183 has beer, onitted Frori the street nun1,erinz systeq). These scvcn Itc-ruses, superficially so i~iucli alike, were bsilt in 1GBO-81 hy two Par], qlops builders, John Cordon (','os. 179-1851 ;Ind %llim Gubbins (::OS. 187-19.il. ;,,b!)ins hnd p:rc!iased tlic 1~x1Far dcve?opllcnt in April ?870. "it!] their sha! lo~i Full -heiylit, two-sided bays, these three-story brownstone houses produce a oerltle umdul~tionat the cornice line, broken only by No. 179 where a fourth floor with n nmisnrll roof has beeii added. The chief difference between the work of the twg builders is one of detail Gordon's wintloiv. enframeinents at the upper floors are intlivi~llial, crowned with low nediments, whcrcns those at t?ic Gubbins 'houses arc verticnlly connectel by pilasters creating panels vitli incised ornanent beneath the windows. Sordonis doors arc surnounted by carved vedirentcd lintels, while Cubhins' hwc cornice slabs wit!i iron crestinqs: conice slabs also appear over the recond floor windows above the doors. The handsor4e p.?neled Joors, at ~Jo. 127, are :tic originals. The cast iron linndrailings at the stoops remain at all but two of the houses.

~~(?lo. 195 has been omttcd fror thc strect numberin2 systen.)~~

;'os. 107-217 (ilo. 207 has beeil orutted fro1 thc street nuriberins syster;). This rc'! of ten brownstone houses was ,~lsobuilt in 1'7s: by Erooklyn owner-builder "li 1 linm qubbins. They are sit'iilar to '!os. 179-193, retaining Gubbins' cornice sl,!bs wit11 iron cresting above the doors, while usin:? the intlividunl upper floor ~.J~?Jowcnfraiwvciits, with low pcdiiiicnts, characteristic of Cordon's houses. It is iiiteicstin7, in cases such 3.5 these, to note hw frecly 1oc:il builders cod:ined tlesign el c:-ciitS frori diffcrciir biii Id i 111:s to acliieve new results. Bnscrient entrmces 'Lave bccn provided at 'Jos. 301, 211, 215 2nd 217.

~~(The Iwildin-s to the east of ''0. 217, cxtcnr'.in~~to the Flatbush Avenue corner, a are outside 'chc !!istoric 3istrict.i~~

-92- In 1373, just threc years beCore the nation's Centennial, the section of Sutler Street east of FiFth Avenue idas renamed SterlinE Place. It was a; naried after General "Jillian Alexnnder Stirling, born in Wew Yorlc in 1723. Uthough he was the titular rarl of Stirling, he allied hinself with the colonials against the ?ritish and, in 1775, was charned with the surervision oF t!ie FortiFic,ition of r'eiv York an:! the harbor ''e i\v~sone of the valiant convmters of the .r\nericon troops durin; the British nttacl, on the Park Clonc Oren and ?rooklyn '!eights in Aunust ?776, clurin? the nevolutionary "nr Rnttle oc Long Island. ' Althoa~htaken prisoner, lie was later exchan-ed and distingriished hinself in subsequent battles duriny the war, enjoyinc the confidence of "ashineton to an unusual denree.

~~?''?1T11 -TVT ("os. 66-70)~~

~~\os. 66-70 is the lonn siJe OF tlic corner house, with gnrnres behind it, 4cscri bed under ':n. 173 Sixt'i Avcniie.~~

~~SWr;I C19E (;lo. 135 SipAvenue and :Ins. 1.30-133 Ctcrlinp "lac~)~~

~~The house at the westernmost end of tiiis street is described under "0. 135 Cixtli 4venue.~~

~~(:!os. 20-12;; dre outside the 'hstoric District .)~~

',Jo. 130 is R handsoiw three-storv town house id-iic'r with its formal window cnfranements and pctlimente? arched ctoorway, displsys the characteristics of the French Second Evpire style, also reflected in the elaborate panellno of the frctit doors an3 in the segmental arches of the baseaent windows with 1,eystc-i:es. 4 hi$i stoop rvith snlfd aasonry wing-walls nrpronclies the entrance directly. Tlie roof cornice is sunnorted on deep end hrackets anr! on snaller cvcnly spaced intermediate brackets.

~~'lo. 133-138 is 2 vncRnt corner lot, ;io. 76 ,Seventh Avenuc--the site of a 110 ise destroyed by an airplane cras!i in 1960.~~

~~No. 135-li9 is the long side of a one-story buildine, described under :lo. 24 Seventh Avenue.~~

~~S'UTI: SIDF (!!OS. 140-146)~~

~~"0. 140-144 is the exceptionally handsoqe corner house with yarace behind it, described under ?lo. 21 Seventh Avenue.~~

~~-93- PS-m~~

~~STERLING PLACE Between Seventh 6 Flatbush Avenues~~

FJo. 146. This charming Queen Anne house of 1867 was built for Charles M. Pied, Esq. The architect was L. 5. Vaulk, who also designed the neighboring row around the corner at XOS. 21-27 Seventh Avenue, built at the sane time. Asymmetrically conlposed, 110. 146 is two and one-half stories high with a steep slate roof. The narrow arched doorway is complemented by a wide-arched, tripartite parlor floor window, which is quite Romanesque Revival in character. The second story sheetmetal bay window, with pedimented arched central window, is surmounted at the third story by a wide dormer with two windows, terminating in a gable with terra cotta tile and central floral panel. Above the doorway, a single window and a dormer with hipped roof enhance the asymmetry. The west side of this house, facing the rear yard of 140.140-144, has three handsome chimneys with brickwork expressinp the flues within. The front doorway is approached a low stoop with rrinn-walls which hzve unusu-.l wrouyht iron handrailings.

~~(The buildings to the east of ib. 146, extending to the intersection of Flatbush Avenue -.re outsik the "istoric 'istrict .)~~

~~NORTH SIDE~~

~~The only building within the Historic District, on this side of the street, is the corner house, described under No. 19 Seventh Avenue.~~

t**

~~UNION STREET~~

Union Street, like its neighbor President Street, reflects in its name a national theme and the sentiment oc the nation following the Civil War. It is a broad street, a main artery leading up to Grand Amy Plaza. At the end of the street, a pair of tall Doric shafts marks the entrance to !'respect Park. They are the work of the architect John H. Duncan and sculptor Frederick PI. B.lacF.!onnies. Row houses, set well back, line the blockfronts between Seventh andEighth .r\venues. On the south side of the street, just west of Eighth Avenue and in the park block, there is a combination of brownstone row houses and apartment houses of the early 20th century.

~~UKON STREET Between Seventh E Eighth Avenues SOUTIi SIDE (NOS. 820-870)~~

(The five houses at the western end of the street, west of No. 820 are outside of the Historic District.) Nos. 820-836 are nine similar brownstones built in 1884-85 as part of a row which extends to the Ceventh Avenue corner.The developer was Park Slope architect-builder William Flanagan. Though using the same basic architectural detail on all the houses, Flanagan introduced a flush front at No. 830, contrasting it with the full-height, two-sided bays of all the other houses. These houses are designed in the neo-Grec style which he used so abundantly in his other work. Nos. 828, 830 and 832, although basically similar to the other houses, show traces of the @een Anne style: panels and bosses of floral ornament contrast with the simpler incised designs of the neo-Grec. The Union Street houses, like those behind them on President Street, were constructed on land which Flannrgan purchased €or developnient from the Methodist Episcopal Hospital. The shape of these houses varies slightly in detail from the neo-Grec row which John ilaeilligan built at the same time across the street at XOS. 065-887.

~~-94- PS-IID~~

~~UVIW STREET Between Seventh 6 Eiyhth Avenues -I_~~

"'here the roof cornices are silhouetted against the sky, a strono, staccato rhythm is most apparent. Several original cast iron balustered stoop and yard railings remain as well as balustrades of the same naterial above the cornice slabs at some of the entrances. Easement entrances have been provided at Nos. 822 and 1:36.

Kos. 838-844. Built in 1384-85 by architect-builder Edward R. Starqes, these four brormstones have many of the same neo-Grec design elements used in the adjoininz Flanagan houses. A distinguishing feature, at Nos. 638 and 840, is the Queen Anne sunburst motif, which appears at the top of the pilasters separating the 1onE parlor floor windows and in the brackets supporting the cornice slabs above the doorways. Although a basenent entrance has b-en provided at No. 842, the houses all retain the low cast iron balustrades above the doorways.

Nos. 846-854. These five one-fmily dwelliii_ns were built in 1902 for owner Bessie L. iiartin, who lived at 24 Polherws Place in the District, and were designed by Brooklyn architect Axel Ifedman. 'Jith fronts of light- colored stone, they represent the taste for the new Classicism at this period. Only two stories above high brownstone basements and approached by stoops, they are a full story lower than their neighbors to the west. They have full-height, curved and polygonal bRys in an ABRA sequence, with a rectangular bay at No. 2.V 8road ornamcntfil bandcourses run horizontally beneath the windows, and there is a great variety in the carved detail on each building. The deep sheetnetal cornices, carried on brackets, display classical motifs. No. 854, a brownstone, is quite similar in detail to the rest of the row. It terminates the group with its advancing rectangular flush-fronted bay. :hen built in 1902, the four windows in its eastern brick sidewall looked out on the extensive grounds of the ''xxwell mansion which stood at the southwest corner of Union Street and Fighth jlvenue until 1923.

~~Between Nos. 854 and 860 are two vacant lots scparated fron the street by a gate and iron fence.~~

No. 860 was originally the Victorian Gothic carriage house of the Maxwell mansion, built of brick and trimmed with stone. It is one of the few carriage houses in ?ark Slope. The facade of this two-story building was alteredmto its present handsome appearance, in 1923, by architects Caughey 6 Evans, of Planhattan, in a style much in character with the bililding. A lar&e four-part, leaded window, with transom bar and mullions, is an attractive feature of this building at the ground floor. The projecting central bay has a gambrel roof gable, clanked by chimneys supported on elaborate corbcls.

No. 862 is a seven-story aprtnent house built in 1923, similar to the adjoining apartment house at No. 76 Eighth Avenue. It was designed by the architectural firm of Slee E Bryson and occupies a part of the site of the Flaxwell mansion on Eighth Avenue. Built of red brick, with precast stone trim, it is Tudor in inspiration h-'>?sisis on the impressive central srched entranceway, surmounted by an elaborate heraldic device set in a panel. At the third floor, a stctue of a knight in armor stands guard in a stone niche above the panel.

~~RJo. 870 is tlielarge corner apartnent house described under No. 75 FiRhth Avenue.~~

~~(The corner buildinc and acljoininr: vacant lot, west of I!o. 865, are oiitcirle the IJiqtoric Dictrict.)~~

~~-95- PS-IiD~~

~~-rlfiTI9V STREET Between Seventh & Ein!ith Avenues~~

NOS. 865-887. These twelve residences were built in 1884-SS by Park Slope builder-architect John tiazilligan, who lived at that time just West Of the District on St. ;lark's Avenue. The brownstone row is quite uniform ai!d straightforward in its neo-Grec design--typical of 'qagi1ligan's work elsewhere in the District. All have full-hcight, two-sided bays accented with horizontal bandcourses. The bays have full-height pilasters at their apexes, incised with conventional neo-Grec ornament. The deep. paneled roof cornices reflect the profiles of the bays and pilasters at the skyline. The cornice slabs over most of the main entrances are Surmounted by low cast iron balustrades, in character with the hewy stoop handrailinzs. Basement entrances have been provided at Nos. 809, 873 and 685.

Nos. 889-903. Built in 18G9, these eifht brick houses were constructed for owner James C. Jewett of 42 Seventh Avenue, and were desijyed by neiThborhood architect 4lbert E. White, who also did work for Jewett at Ilos. 876 and 876 ?resident Street. These fanciful houses, combining elements of the P.omanesque Revival and Queen Anne styles, are in sharp contrast to the rather sedate and conventional neo-Grec houses to the west. In this highly picturesque octet, the architect used various tpes of stone trim and sheetmetal cornices and oriels in an alternatinq design pattern. AS was the case with his President Street houses, which these with the oriels resemble, he made these houses spmctrical at the upper floors, instead of following the more typical asymmetry cenerally associated with the Queen Anne. The flush-fronted houses, best preserved at Nos. 833 and 897, retain the small enframinq lights of the center tripartite windows at the third floors. The high basement walls have an interesting combination of smooth and rough-faced stonework. The entrances beneath round arches are accented by drip moldinps and are complenented by the arches of equal size at the adjoininz parlor floor wixdows. The effect of so many arches at this level provides a continous horizontzl rhythn across the fronts, belying the narrowness of the individual houses. At the third story windowsill level, the stcne string course rests on brick corbels. A crested effect is achieved by slightly advancing the wall plane surrounding the central window, above which an ornate sheetmetal cornice is crowned by a crenellated roof cresting with ball-topped spikes against the skyline. This bit rJf qedieval whiinsy is dainty when compared with the high pediments which crown the houses with oriels -- heen Anne in inspiration. The central oriels at the second floors are supported on central brackets which are carried down between the broad arches at the parlor floors. The doors are surrounded by small bull's-eye %lass lights, an unusual feature of this style. The entrances of all eight houses are approached by L-shaped stoops with random ashlar wing-walls.

Nos. 305-313. Finished in 1895, these five houses are basically Roeanesque Revival in style diylaying certain Queen Anne features. They were built for owner G.G. Dearing, and designed by Brooklyn architect Thonas kblahon, who both lived i:i the Cobble Hill area. They are built in an AECBA pattern with flush fronts alternating with those which have shallow curved bays. Romanesque influence is especially apparent in the two-story curved bays, the arched windows, in the rough-€xed masonry at the basement, and in the win?-walls of the stoops. Fine brick corbelling beneath tfie second floor sill-courses of Iks. 307 and 911 and their arched entranceways with drip poldings are also Ilonanesque. 4nother interestin: element has been incorporated in the steep tile roof of ilo. 907, where delightful little lunette-shaped dormers, hieh up on the roof, flank the large central one. The dormers at the other houses, with their high ornate pediments, are decidedly Queen Anne. The Romanesque thene is carried up to roof level at Xo. 909, with its large round arc'izd window and carved stone ornament beneath a rnasonry gable. These houses are especially picturesque above the cornice line.

No. 917 is the Union Street side of the proniinent corner mansion at Eighth Avenue. It continues the character of the row houses to the west: here the architect has also combined Ro~anesqueand Queen Anne elements. The house is also described under So. 70-72 Eighth Avenue. PS-I'D

~~---UNIOV STREET Eetween Eighth \venue & Prospect Park "est~~

~~S'WTE SIDE (NO~.872-902)~~

This section of Union Street 1s divided almost evenly between three apartment houses and six adjoining broivnstones to the east. The apartment houses harmonize remarkably well in height with the brownstones. There is, :lowever, an interesting contrast between the relatively flush facades of the apartment houses with horizontal roof cornices and the vertical masonry bays of the houses which produce an animated effect at the skyline.

~~110. 672-880 is the long side of the corner house described under No. 73 Eighth Avenue.~~

PJO. 332 (882-334), 'The Gwendolyn' , a four-story apartnent house of Roman brick with rusticated linestone base, was built in 1901 for iJewman H. Papond and designed by architect Georze E. Roosen. The symmetrical facade, flanked by sheetmetal bay window above the first story, has a central columnar entrance porch. Classical features include console bracket keystones above the first floor windows and the bold roof cornice wlth swags which are tastefully incorpordted in this structure.

7'0. 886 is a small ripnrtrnent house of four stories built by S. D. Ogden E Co. in 1905-07 for George rswein. Like its neighbor to the west, it has a rusticated base, with Roman brick above, and a bold roof cornice carried on brackets. It is a restrained example of classical design, with brick qiioins delineating the sides and neo-Georgian double keystones at the window lintels.

IJo. 888 (883-890), ,,The Park View, is an apartment house erected for the Kraslow Buildinf: Company and designed in 1922 by ''I. T. LfcCarthy. It has R well-ordered brick front of English bond with limestone accents. A cornice slab on horizontally placed console brackets juts out over the door to form a small canopy.

Nos. 892-902. This dignifisd row of six brownstones with high stoops was built in 1887 by Park Slope developer 1'511ian Flanagan. Nearly identical with full-height , three-sided bays, they are transitional in design, illustrating how the neo-Grtxc gave way to neo-Renaissancc influence. NeO- Grec details are still apparent in the bracketed roof cornices and in the partially fluted pilasters flanking the windows of the bays, but the triangular pediqents above the central window of the bays and the flanking panels beneath the second floor windows are neo-ncnaissance.

~~(The six buildings extendin: to the corner of Prospect Park '!rest are outsiae the Historic 9istrict .)~~

~~NQRT:: SIDE ())OS. 919-927)~~

~~'io. 919-927 is the long side of the corner house describcd under NO. 71 Eichth Avenue.~~

~~(The tlirce Lriilrlin~sand two vacant lots estendinq to the coiner of "13771 Strcet are outside the Ili +toric pi scrict .)~~

~~***~~

~~-97- PS-ID -_---I\NI4BIY.ED ST".EETS FIRST TO FOURTEE;;T!! STREETS~~

~~FIRST STREET~~

~~FIRST STREET Between Seventh E Eighth Avenues~~

First Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues differs in certain respects from that portion of the street between Eighth Avenue and Prospect Park ll'est. Most of the houses are relatively more modest than the generally taller, more richly ornamented residences of the park block. They display a variety of architectural styles: the neo-Grec, Romanesque Revival and neo-Renaissafice all being represented.

~~SOUTt! SIDE (Nos. 460-520)~~

~~(The corner apartment house on Seventh AvenTie, to the west of NO. 460, is outside of the Historic District.)~~

iios. 460-468. These five houses were built for owner 1''iIliam ?!artin and designed by Brooklyn architect Arthur Koch in 1910-11. They are three stories high. lilo. 460, planned as a two-family residence, is only two stories, with a high basement and with ornament similar to that of the neighboring houses. It differs from the other houses in having a prominent, full-height, square bay with side windows facing the row. The house projects farther toward the street than this row, thus acting as a visual termination to the group. The limestone faced houses, Nos. 462- 468, form a totally unified row with identical ornamental detail. At the doors, simnle drip moldings, like those which enframe the windows, alternate with elaborately carved crowning motifs consisting of garlands and cartouches. The houses are three-storied with low stoops, which are unusual in this blockfront. The facades have full-height curved bays and are crowned by sheet metal cornices with classical swags. The ornaaent was inspired by French Renaissance prototypes.

Nos. 470-473. This row of five brick houses, built for owner Cornelius Donnellow in 1895-96 and designed by Brooklyn architect Robert Dixon, is typical of the late Romanesque Revival. The materials of the houses alternate--white Roman brick with limestone trim and orange Roman brick with brownstone trim--according to an ABABA pattern. Like the row to the west, these houses have full-height, curved bays. The brownstone and limestone at the basements, the L-shaped stoops, and the window and doorway lintels are rouzh-faced. The brickwork begins above the parlor floors and continues to the sheet metal roof cornices, the fascias of which are ornamented with rows of large scale rosettes. The simple, narrow doorways enframe unusually handsome paneled doors with original hardware and metal grilles, unique in the District.

Nos. C80-498. This long row of ten brownstones helps to unify this side of the street. Nos. 480-486 are known to have been erected by Brooklyn owner-architect John Magilligan in 1891-92. The rest of the row was probably also the work of :.lacillipan. They are very similar to the houses across the street, NOS. 503-509. Like so many houses in Park Slope, they have full-height, three-sided masonry bays, which extend from the basement floor to the roof cornice, and L-shaped stoops. Rough-faced stonework appears at the basenents and stoops and in the band courses beneath the windows of the bays. Stained glass transoms ornament the parlor floor windows, and some of the stoops retain their original delicate wrought ironwork. l'looden roof cornices with neo-Grec detailing crown these severely rectangular buildings.

Nos. 500-506. Built by Brooklyn owner-architect Fred Griswold in 1890, this difinified group of Romanesque Revival brownstones consists of four houses which arc very similar, with only minor variations in the decorative detail. Rough- faced stone appears at the basement floors and is used again at the second-story level and for the voussoirs of the arched windows. The tall, nrched windows of the Parlor floors have stained glass transoms, while the second floors are domin- a+ed by threc-sided oriel windows supported on massive brackets, which rest on Pilasters with foliate capitals. The arched windows of the top stories echo the of arches at the parlor stories. The bracketed wooden roof cornices are retardataire in style; neo-Grcc motifs linzer on in the incised decoration of the secoiid story onrl pilasters and in the band COII~SCS beneath thc oriel windows.

~~-99- FIRST STREET P-etuecn Seventh F, Eighth Avenues~~

Xo. 508. Tbis house of tan ;:o:ian brick with linestone bnsemcnt, stoop and ornament wcls built by Crooklyn owner-architect Charles Peterson in 1895 and is unique mong the houses of the block. It has an almost semi-circular masonry bay w’iich extends to the second story and is crowned by a balustrade. The glass in the windows of this bay conforins to ItS curvature. The parlor floor windows are enframed by a Jelicate eq,: and dart moldine 8.n.’ surmounted by carved blocks with cartouches. The eEq and dart moldin!: is repeated et the base of the balustrade and at the roof cornice, which is supnorted on carved console brxkets. The entrance doorway is flanked by engazed columns and nccords with the over-all neo- Ilenai ssance theme.

~~No. 510 is a lot. with R p,arape located halfway back.~~

~~’lo. 520 is the long side of the corncr house, described undcr :lo. 19G Eichth qveniie.~~

~~Nr)PTI1 SI’IC (ilos. 465-513)~~

~~(The houses to the west OF No. 465, oriCinally built at thc same time, are outside of the I!istoric nistrict .)~~

>!os. 465-3694. These four brownstone houses were built in 1834-85 by Brooklyn owner-architects ’fartin and Lee. All four houses are raised on high hasement Floors and retain their straight. steep entrance stairways, which are ornamented with handsone iron railings and newel posts of the neo-Grec style.

No. 465, like its three neighbors to the errst, disnlays typically neo-Grec flutiny and delicately incised linear detail, althouph in a somewhat nore restrained manner. The Facade of .‘Jo. 465 is enlivened by a projectin? two-sided bay, which runs throupii all three stories of the house. Tbis vertical accent is balanced by broad, horizontal band courses. which define t!ie floor levels of the house. The ii?posiny doorwny is surmounted by a cornice slab on carved brackets and IS enfrai-led by qrooved pilastcrs. A simple, bracketed wooden cornice of tiie same design as those at !!os. 407-469A crowns the Fncade. l!o. 467, nlthort~hthree-storied, is visually linked to the two-storied houses, :los. 469-469R, by the repetition of identical ornamental detail. Eared ’ pedimental lintels with incised floral CTRfl- went appear at the windows an3 doors of these houses aad are very characteristic of the neo-Grec style, as are the corbels beneath the window frames.

P’os. 471-475h. Built in 1377 for Crooklyn owner Gcorqe ‘‘I. Sichards and de- sipnet1 by another 8rooklynite, architect-carpenter !Tiillam 9-ight, these six rather modest two-story brownstones continue the series of French neo-Crec houses which benins at the west end of the street. The seanental arclies of the doorWyS and. windows differentiate this row from its neighbors. ‘“hile the stoops are straight, like those 06 nearly all the houses on this side of the street, they are distinctive in havirlg heavy bnlustered cast iron handrailings ad newel posts, which are fully areserved at l!os. 475 and 475,2. Archer! cornice slabs project above the doorways, and the lintels have very simple incised linear decoration. Thee of the houses (>!os. 471, 473, 475) retnin their neo-Grec entrance doors, and all six facades we topped by paneled wooden roof cornices supported by folizte brackets.

Nos. 477-501. These fourteen brownstones were the first of a series of stylistically similar houses built at various locations within the llistoric District by the Erooklyr? owner-architect Fred 3. Griswold. hilt between 1X7 and 1889, they are two and one-half stories in height, while the related houses at Nos. 500-506 First Street of 1690, PJOS. 283-294 Garfield Place of 1691, and Nos. 178-134 Eicrhth Avenue of 1893 are three-storied. All the First Street houses by Griswold display a clear amalgam of Romanesque Revival forms with those of tiie earlier French neo-Grec style, while in the later buildings Griswold employed a purer version of the Romanesque Revival style. The basement floors and straight stoops of these houses are of rough-faced stonework. The arched parlor floor windows with stained glass lunettes are enframed by large scale voirssoirs, and prominent Keyztones have been let down into thc arclies of the doorways. At each PS-ID

FIRST -STQEET - Between Seventh 6 I:ighth flvcnues house, pilasters with simple foliate capitals are surriounted by n pair of large brackets supporting a three-sided oriel, the dominant feature of the upper Floors. Below the roof cornices, which continue the shape of the oriels, small rectanplar windows punctuate the fascia, thus ProvidinR an attic story. The handrailings, newel posts, and yard railings are of cast and wrought iron, rather than stone, and thus they harnonize nicely with the small scale of these chaniny! houses and with the delicate incised neo-Grec detail of the enframing pilasters of the second floor. P!o. 48% is unusual; since it is only two bays wide, it has an oriel with only two sides.

?!os. 503-567(509). Toward the northeast end of the street, Nos. 503-509 form a row of four brownstones basically similar in design to the houses across the street, Nos. 480-438. Like them, they are three stories in height with full- height ,three-sided bays. These houses were begun in 1890 for owner John Yonas and were designed by Brooklyn -rchitect .J.J. Gilligan. KO. 513 is the long side of the corner house, described under No. 190 Eighth Avenue.

~~FIGT CTP.FET Between Eip,hth Avenue F. Prospect Park ‘lest~~

First Street between Eighth Avenue and Prospect Park ’“est, contains many fine examples of the neo-Renaissance piode, which was one of the popular classical styles inspired by the highly influential Chicago Exposition of 1893. Each house or group of houses represents individuaI variations of this mode. All the original stoops, most of which are ‘L-shaped, have been preserved, as have the cornices which are treated in a variety of ways.

~~SXJTH SIDE (NOS. 522-584)~~

~~No. 522 is the lone, side of the cornier building, described under P!o. 195 Eiqhth Avenue.~~

~~This entire blockfront was c!eveloped by Louis Bonert during the years 1909-10 in accord with desiTns by architects Eisenla and Carlson.~~

No. 53.1 is a limestone-faced house, three stories high, with a full-heiqht square bay and a straight stoop. It was begun in 1909. fligh relief decoration is set in panels below the parlor and third floor windows and in seni-circular blind arches above the parlor floor windows and entrance. The house projects forward toward the street, and, like many houses in the District, is intended to create a formal bcginning to the adjacent row of houses.

Nos. 536-542. These four houses, begun in 1909, are of limestone with three- story, full-height curved bays and L-shaped stoops. Although the doorways are quite similar, displaying arched pediments with ornately carved panels, certain variations in decoratlon appear in alternation. Siniply enfraned parlor floor windows alternate with those having paneled pilasters: the windows above the entrances are enfraned by broken pediments with fluted Ionic pilasters, or by dentiled cornices with smooth pilasters. Panels and bands of carved ornament adorn the bays. The roof cornices are beautifully handled, with folinte breckets, dentils and bands of floral decoration.

>]os. 544-558. In this row of eight houses beyn in 19003, the end houses are faced with brownstone. The rest of the row is faced with limestone, a more typical material for neo-Renaissance facades of this period. All the houses have I,-shaped stoops and are three stories high with full-heicht bays, the sides of which are curved. The doorways are flanked by engaged colunns supporting entablatures with alternatinq detail. These entablatures are either surmounted by curvilinear ornament or have carved panels. %her details include diamond-shaped incisions at parlor floor level, ‘luting at the second floor and foliate decoration in spandrel

-101- -.-_-FIRST STREET setween Eighth Avenue 9 Prospect Park !‘est panels between the floors. Pediments surnount the windows above the doorways. The bold, neo-Classical sheetnetal roof cornices follow the profiles of the bays.

Nos. 560-566. These four limestone houses, begun in 1909, have full-height bws, which are rounded at the sides. The parlor floors are rusticated, and rusticated pilasters, flanking the doorways, support foliate friezes and pediments with central cartouches. This ornament is combined with zlass and wrought iron doors to create iinposingly elaborate entrances. Prominent carved keystones appear at the third floor level of each house, and segmental pediments surmount the windows above the doorways. Tall, slender pilasters in the bays extend from the second to third floors and unify them, and decorative low relief panels appear beneath all the windows of the bays,. As in the neighboring houses, bold classical roof cornices conform to the profile of the bays.

No. 568 was begun in 1910, also for owner Louis Bonert, and was designed by his architects Eisenla and Carlson. It is nearly identical with NO. 565 on the opposite side of the street. Four stories high, it has a three-story bay with curved sides and two-story pilasters extending up through the second and third stories. Ornamental panels adorn the spaces between the second and third story windows of the bay. Pilasters also appear at the entrance and at the parlor floor windows, which have stained glass transoms. The neo-Italian Renaissance ornament and the limestone facing of this house help to integrate it harnoniously with the four houses to the west, although it is one story taller.

Nos. 570 and 572. At the east end of First Street are two four-story neo- Italian Renaissance brownstones which were also built for owner Bonert in 1910 and designed by Eisenla and Carlson. They are built in mirror symmetry. The paired entrance doors are approached by L-shaped stoops and are flanked by three-story curved bays, which are ornamented by pilasters and foliate bandcourses. Stained glass transoms enrich the parlor floor windows. The entablatures above the arched doorways are supported by grooved pilasters and crowned by curvilinear ornament; they have end blocks which displzy carved heads. At the second and third floors, triangular and scroll pediments surmount the windows above the doorways, while at the top floor simple segmental-arched windows appear beneath the classical roof cornices.

~~No. 584 is the long side of the stone mansion with yard at the end of the street, described under No. 49 Prospect Park !!lest.~~

~~NQRTH SIDE (Nos. 515-567)~~

~~No. 515-525 is the long side of the apartment house described under No. 193 Eighth Avenue.~~

Nos. 527-555. This group of five limestone houses, on the north side, is unique in Park Slope. No. 527, which is two window wide, was built in 1910 for owner Louis Sonert. The other four houses, which have three windows, were begun five years later for the same owner and were designed by architect Fred !\!. Eisenla. These unusual houses have the formal elegance of Rritish Regency architecture, with details reminiscent of our Federal style. l?hile the other houses on this block and in this area hnve projecting bays, these houses have handsome, shallow swell-fronts above first floor level, spanning almost the entire width of each house. The flush ground floors are rusticated. Low granite stoops lead directly up to the nain entrance of the English basements (first floors), and separate, smaller stoops at the sides leac! to the service doors. At the central entrances are porches, each with two pairs of free-standing columns. These porches are surmounted by low balustrades extending across the facades of the houses, following the curves of the swell-fronts. The balustrades, carried on brackets, and columns are ornamented at their bases by foliate bands and at their ends by stone urns. The swell-fronts of the upper three stories of these houses are rather simple and make a pleasant contrast with the ornate English basements. The repi- tition of round-arched Federal windows with interlacing muntins at the top floor helps to unify the facades. The modillioned roof cornices conform to the curves Of the swcll -fronts, thus creating a pleasine iindiilation. The fi-ont yards of these p5-m

~~FIRST STREET Between Eighth Avenue E Prospect Park ''Jest houses are enclosed by high wrought iron fences, which are very simple, and light in character.~~

Ples. 537-545. These five houses are a series of brownstones of a type seen elsewhere in the District. Their basements and L-shaped stoops are rusticated, and they have full-height three-sided bays. Of severely simple design, with no carved decoration, the facades are articulated by plain horizontal moldings which emphasize the divisions of the floors and the fons of the bays. Handsone stained glass transoms appear at the windows at parlor floor level.

Nos. 547-553. This row of severely classical limestone houses was built for owner lqiilliam Flanagan according to 1901 designs by architect P.J. Cullen. The three-story facades of the row alternate in an ABAB pattern; the type "B" houses, No. 549 and No. 553, are identical, with full-height, three-sided projecting bays and simple detailing. Carved decoration embellishes tlie wall surfaces of the bays between the second and third floors, and engazed Ionic colums flank the entrances and support simple entablatures. No. 547 and No. 551, type 'A", have elliptical, full-height projecting bays and are somewhat Tore richly ornamented than the type *'B" houses. Broad, fluted, engaged Ionic columns appear at the parlor level of the bay of No. 547, and a scroll pediment surmounts the entablature of the entrance. No. 551, once the residence of U.S. Senator 1:rillirm M. Calder, a builder in Park Slope, has a rusticated first floor wit], cartouches. A pediment, with central cartouche, 2nd rusticated pilasters enfrane the doorway. In this row there is an elegant simplicity and a feeling for unity, which is enhanced by the identical L-shaped stoops 2nd clnssical cornices with dentils.

Nos. 555 and 557. 0.wner Irving Levy commissioned architect George kfiller to desiEn this pair of identical three-story limestone houses in 1909. They have several dramatic and distinguishing features. Engaged columns at the entrances support elaborate -.broken'. arch pediments with bold cartouches inspired by the Italian Renaissance. Fluted pilasters on each side of the central parlor floor . windows support foliate console brackets, which, in turn, support balustraded - balconies set in front of the central second floor windows. Bold keystones flanked by foliate forms are an unusual feature 2t the principal second floor windows. Classical cornices crown these houses, and carved ornament, similar to that under the parlor floor windows, adorns the wingwalls of the L-shaped stoops.

No. 559. This brownstone is three stories with a high basement. Along with the three-story house.No. 567, it enframes the taller houses which stand between them. It was built for owner Hary Conlon and was designed in 1902 by architect E.D. Earl. The shallow curved bay extends full-height and is reflected in the . classical roof cornice, which conforins to its profile. The L-shaped stoop and basement are rough-faced. Small panels of ornament are set under the windows of the hny at the parlor floor, and above these windows a broad band of foliate . ornanent appears. 4 carved, scrolled pediment surmounts the entablature of the main entrance. The second and third stories have fluted pilasters between the i windows of the bay, while the pilasters at the third floor are paired and smaller in scale, contrasting with the rather heavy classical cornice which crowns the house.

No. 561. This four-story limestone house was built by owner-builder Peter Delaney in 1900. It has a curved three-story bay, with handsome engaged columns: separating the windows at both the parlor and second floors. Pilasters appear between the windows of the bay at the third floor. The low stone balustrade surmounting tlie bay displays an unusual series of pierced circles, which recur at the front of the L-shaped stoop. The entrance door is set between two engaged Ionic columns, which support an attractive arched pediment enframing a large -9 scalloped shell. The second and third floor windows above the entrance are also, handsomely enframed. 4

.I .I b!os. 563 and 565. These two houses were built for owner-builder Peter Delaney in 1901. No. 563, a brownstone, and No. 565, a limestone house, are fouk stories in height and have similar cornices. 110. 563 has fluted pilasters at the. first and second floors of its three-story elliptical bay and smooth pilasters at the third floor. The entrance door is set in an arch at No. 563 and is square-

~~-103- PC-IiD~~

~~FIRST STREET Between Eighth Avenue and ProsDect Park 1"est~~

headed at No. 565, but both doors are crowned by entablatures with surmounting 9 scrolled ornament. The thxee-story bay with curved sides at No. 565 has fluted pilasters extending froq the second to third story.

No. 567. This three-story brownstone, built by owner-builder Peter Delaney in 1902, is quite similar to No. 565, although it is only three stories in height. An ornately enfraned window, a richly carved scrolled pediment above the entablature of the doorway, handsome floral panels in the bay, and the L-shaped stoop with inverted console-type terminations are the principal decorative features of this facade.

~~(?he large corner apartment house with yard and courtyard, to the east of No. 567, is outside of the Historic District.)~~

**x

~~--SECOND STREET~~

~~-SECOXD STRE3 Between Seventh E Eighth Avenues~~

This street include9 some of Park Slope's most interesting houses, as well as some inharmonious elements. On the north side, a row of ten unusual houses-- similar to Nos. 485-501 Fourth Street-- more than compensates for an ill-conceived group of post-Ylorld !?ar I1 houses at the east. On the south side, Victorian rowhouses are interrupted by an harmonious six-story apartment house. Some of the houses have been painted in various colors obscuring their masonry walls and the harmony of the row. Arranged in related groups of four and five, all of the row houses on this side of the street are three stories above hiph basements except the easternmost house, which has a mansard roof, making it one story higher. Stylistically the facades present an interesting variety--ranging from simple and severe to robust and imaginative. To attempt to place them in precise stylistic categ.ries would be difficult, however. Except for two houses which are clearly Ronanesque Revival, the houses take elements fron the styles current at the time.

~~SQUTH SIDE (Nos. 516-576)~~

~~(rhe corner apnrtnent house on Seventh Avenue, west of No. 516, is outside of the I!istoric District .)~~

~~Nos. 516 and 516R are a pair of one-story buildings used for commercial purposes.~~

Nos. 518-524 were built for owner Henry R. Donnellon in 1898 from desifps by Brooklyn architect Robert Dixon. They are basically Romanesque Revival in style and are similar to No. 513 and Nos. 537-541 on the opposite side of the street. They-follow an ABBG pattern, with the end houses of tan colored brick and brownsdne. The center pair are of ivory colored brick Ecnd limestone. These housesare only eighteen feet wide, two feet narrower than the similar ones across the street. The narrowness of the fronts and of sone of the windows, combined with the verticality of the hays, give this group B severe look. No. 518 retains its small window over thc entrance doorway, the others having been enlarged to the same height as' the other windows. All the houses retain their original detail. Neo-Classical roof cornices, with swags set in panels, crown the houses. Fine, twisted iron . grilles guard the basement windows. The strength of the whole composition tends to conceal the careful conversion of No. 520's stoop from L-shaped to straight.

~~A six-story apartment house, built in 1927-28, (No. 526-534) interrupts the essentially uniform building height on this side, but it does so in an inoffensive~~

-104- fashion, since it has been designed with thouqhtful attention to detail. The walls are a tapestry brick in a rich range of colors, laid up in Flemish bond. Details are of Southern French and Spanish Xonznesque origin, and include some harmonious buff-colored precast stonework in versions of medieval bas-reliefs and colonnettes. At the roof, there is sparing use of green Spanish tile. Perhaps the nost thought- ful eleiaent of this design is the placinq of the fire escapes back in the recess of the entrance court, instead of on the street fronts.

The next group, a quintet, h'os. 536-544, was built in 1892-93 and designed by architect John 'l. Cailey for owner ?latiIda Nilsson. The facades have bold, full- hei:!ht three-sided bays, and are constructed of rough-faced brick between rough- faced brownstone bnndcourses, which serve as lintels on the upper floors. The range of rough brickwork and stone, the heavy roof cornices and an over-all brown- orange tone give the group a rather tweedy texture, not unlike much row housing in Victorian England. The handsome L-shaped stoops and the basements, both of rough-qaced brownstone, add to the bold effect. A basement entrance has been provided at h10. 542.

Xes. 546-554, 3 poup of five, was built in 1891 for owner Catherine Hill from designs by Fslanhattan architect John E. Dwyer. !:%ile the groups to each side of this one are vigorous in form or texture, this Romanesque Revival row has a hizhly disciplined flat quality, relieved throuzh the manipulation of shapes, brick colors , roof silhouettes and fenestration. The fronts of these three-story houses are arranced in an ABABA pattern. Straight stoops above high basements lead up to arched doorways. All the houses have very shallow partially rusticated two- story bays with rounded corners, which are treated almost as appliques on otherwise flat walls. The projectipns of the roof cornices are also quite shallow; they pin interest through the contrast of triangular gables on the Ifh" units with horizontal roof-lines on the "B" units.

The last row of five houses, Nos. 556-564, also designed by John E. Dwyer for Catherine !lill, was built in 1891. The houses have vigorous facades, set slightly back from the prevailircr line of fronts on the street. No. 556 makes the transition for this setback with a projected rectangular bay on its west side. High stoops approach the ample doorways, and, where L-shaped, have handso2e carved ornament on the wing-walls facing the street. The houses were all originally of orange-colored Roman brick, trimmed with brownstone. The three central houses in the group, Flos. 558-562, are inanADA pattern the ',A, units are identical in design and above the rooflines have steep triangular gables, which have flat sheet-metal fronts ~ embossed in foliate patterns and are flanked by swirl-shaped stub terminals. The windows and doors of all the houses are full-flowered Romanesque Revival, some round-arched, some square-headed and sone groupec! with continuous transom bars. At the second floors of I'los. 558 and 562 triple windows are handsomely enframed by beautifully carved foliate borders. The rough stone mullions between the windows are svrmounted by three dwarf pilasters separating the transoms of the windows. The end houses of the group have cornices which are highly unusual and imaginative, with friezes consisting of tight-packed ranks of miniature Ionic balusters, supported on rounded corbels. On No. 564, this cornice is surmounted by a fourth- story, tiled mansard roof with dormer windows crowned by sepental-arched pediments.

~~Terminating this block is the Church of the Virgin Mary, No. 568-576, which is described under No. 218 Eighth Avenue.~~

~~NORTH FIDE (!!os. 507-563)~~

~~(The corner apartment house west of No. 507 is outside of the Historic Dis- trict. )~~

Nos. 507 and 509 are identical, symmetrically composed four-story apartment' houses with full-height curved bays flanking central entrances. They are faced with medium-brown speckled brick above smooth stone first floors and are liberally trirnlled with limestone window lintels and sills. Their basic style is neo-Georgian, wit11 splnyed flat arches at the second story, and swagged classical roof cornices, while the front doors are more reminiscent of Italian Renaissance prototypes.

~~-?OS- PS-HD~~

~~SECOND STREET Between Seventh 6 Eighth Avenues ~ ---~~

~~Notable in these buildings are the small nairs of stained-glass windows, in the flush wall plane, centered nt each floor above the entrance doors.~~

No. 511 is a single hodse, three stories high, with a three-sided bay extending UD two stories and crowned by a decorative, low wrought iron railing. It displays the classicism of the Queen Anne style. The front door, approached by a high straight stoop, has a deep cornice slab carried on brackets, surmounted by an iron railing. The basement is faced with smooth stonework alternating with narrow bands of rough-faced stone. The bold roof cornice is carried on brackets and has a dominant central panel with swag.

~~P'o. 513 is 3 late Rommesque Revival house with curved full-height bay, similar to Nos. 537-541, as well as to Nos. 518-524 across the street, which were designed by Broqkiyn architect Robert Dixon.~~

The impressive row of late Romanesque Revival houses, Plos. 515-533, is one of the most picturesque and unusual in the Historic District. The houses were built in 1894-98 and were the work of several architects, uorking in the same style, including Robert Dixon, James Nelson and J.L. Allan. All are two and one-half stories high, except h'o. 529, which has an extra story. They all have high L- shaped stoops leading up to their round-arched doorways. The walls of smooth Roman brick, in differing earth colors, afford an interesting contrast to the walls of the rough-faced stone stoops and to the Spanish tile roofs which remain at two of the houses. r\t Nos. 517 and 521 the roofs sweep out to form deep eaves supported on end brackets and rafters. At the other houses, the tops of the walls are crowned by brick corbeling. Triple windows of alternating designs, are centered on the steep roofs. Over. the first and second story windows are a variety of brick arches, some round, some segmental, and others three-centered. IMany of these windows retain their stained glass in the arches. Four courses of headers form and emphasize the arches, and all the openings are trimmed with curved molded brick. Flanking the arched doorways of Nos. 525 and 527 are carved pilasters with cornice slabs carried on brackets.

No. 535 is a single brownstone house of significantly more monumental scale than its neighbors to the west. Three-storied, with a full-height, curved bay, it is neo-Classical in style, with engaged Ionic columns at the entrance, and is a carefully proportioned exercise in town house design.

The three houses at Nos. 537-541 are similar to the houses on the other side of the street, Nos. 518-524, which were designed by Robert Dixon in 1898. In color they are arranged in an ABA pattern, the end houses faced with light-colored Roman brick and limestone, the center one of orange-colored Roman brick and brownstone. They have full-height curved bays, topped with neo-Classical sheetmetal cornices. Above the entrance doors, small decorative windows with stained glass provide graceful accents.

)!os. 543-549. The sequence of three and four-story houses on this side of the street is interrupted at this point by a row of four two-story red brick apartments of post-llorld !'Jar I1 vintage, each with a sunken garage and driveway. They have fifteen-foot setbacks and low rooflines and are entirely different in character from the neighboring houses, introducing a semi-suburban air to this part of the street.

?Io. 551 was begun in 1888, making it the oldest house on the block. The architect was H.S. Ihnen of fknhattan, and the owner was Henry Thomas, The three- story brick front with brownstone trim and base has a masonry parapet in lieu of a roof cornice. At the center of the second story is a three-sided oriel set on a corbeled brownstone sill under a brownstone segmental arch. A basement 1 entrance has been provided beneath the parlor floor, which is graced by a small flower-patterned stained-glass window. Stylistically, the house has suggestions of the Romanesque Revival and the Queen Anne.

The easternmost house, No. 553. a brownstone begun in 1894 by owner-architect Jeremiah Gilligan, is distintwished by a full-height semicircular bay that makes, a strong termination to the street. A garlanded roof cornice and a foliate relief frieze at second-story level run around the full curve of the bay. Subtle carving around the entrance doorway and second-story windows adds relief to otherwise plain

- 106- !Jo. 555-563, described under plo. 216 Eighth \venue, nrcsents a lonz brick sidewall to the street with rectnnyular central bay estendinp full height. It has a Earaee at the rear sur:iounted by a solnrium with Ionic coluinns.

~~STC?'!D ,STW?'I^___ Between Tighth Avenue F, Prospzct Park ''est~~

'lost of this street is lincd by t.40 consistent rows of houses. At the souti) is a row of variegated materials and colors. with bays of different shanes, and at the north is a uniform row of limestone houses with curved bays. The neneral inpression is one of hnr!?ony, dignity anJ uniform character, on the north side, faciny variety on the south.

~~PWT" SIOT: (iJos. 573-660)~~

~~'Jo. 582(S78-588), the corner apwtment house, is described under ''0. 217 fi?::th ?&venue.~~

;\'os. 590-64s. (:.]os. Gn2, 613, 630 2nd 644 have bcen onittctl from the strczt nij-bering system.) This long row of twenty-six hoiises 1"aS bezm in 1903 for 'liillim 11. Reynolds, representing thc First Construction Coi:pany of Crooklyn, rnd WRS designed by Cenjarrlin Driesler, n ';rooklyn architect. It is an interesting ex- mP1e of the quest for variety, while at the save time utilizinr certain standards of form, materials and aiciiitectural detail. Although at first the row has the ap- nearance of a series of individually desinncd townhouses, n second Plnnce reveals certain underlyinp; similarities, 1~1thninor variations of detail intended to differentiate the houses. First, with regard to fom, there is an alternating sequence oC curved and three-sided bays: in addition, the end houses terminate the row with projectin? square bays. Pecond, with reoar? to wterinls, tl~ereare thrce basic house types, all built iinon brownstone basments. an all brownstone house, i? brick above brownstone house and an all IiTestone house. Third, there is the consideration of architectural style and details ani! how they are used relrctive to the houses of varyin; materials. The basic siqil2.rities of these houses are found in the uniform use of brownstone basements, Romanesque ?evival L-shaned stoops, 2nd neo-Classical sheetnetal cornices wit11 sqall round bosses evenly spaced throughout. The houses are all slightly srepped town, as is noticeable at the cornices, to follow the slone of the street.

The brownstone en? houses, i\!os. 580 and 645, hsve eloorwavs 2nd windows with blind arches, at the first floor. The tvl7n-u-m of the arches -rc urnamented with Fqlint- carving. 4t the first and second rloors of 'lo. 645, the two windows in r!ie wall of the bay facing the street are crowned by an unusual drip riolding el\- bracino both windows. In both houses the sides of the square bays Faciny the doorway have windows. The top *loor windows at !lo. 645 repeat the round-arched theve of the first floor, whereas, in contrast, the windows of tlie interveninq floors nre square-headed.

The principal windows of the intcrveninq houses, 1'0s. 582-646, are all square- headed in the floors between the parlor floor and top floor, except Cor No. 624, where there is an arched window above the entrance. \rariety is introduced through the use of round-arched windows and doors at parlor and top floors in no predict- able pattern. The houses generally have three stories above hi211 basenents, but tliere are four stories at P!os. 622-620 and at :\!os. 642-WC.

The vterinls are used at randor, and the linestone houses staqd out quite boldly qainst their more sonbre-hued neinhbors . The brick above brownstone houscs lend a note of warntli with their orange-colored brick at tlie upper floors. The reminin? houses, of brolJnsto.le, impart a diznified character to the row.

Architecturally, these houses all belonq to the Eclectic period, when a wide ranee of styles was in use. The distinctive styles zre nenerally identifiable at the first two floors, since the character of the upper floors, with thcir neo- Classical cornices is Renernlly consistcnt, except in those Few cases where arched

~~-10:- --SFC?ND -___ STRErT__ Between Eirhth Avenue F, Prospect Park "est~~

~~Romanesque Revival windows have been introduced. These styles appear at random throurhout the row. The predominating stylistic ir.fluence is that of the Italian P.enzissance, which may be seen at :~~

~~No. 650-660 is the laree corner townhouse with rear yard, and is described under No. 61 Prospect Park "'est,~~

~~E'qRTII SI?E (+!OS. 565-643)~~

~~The corner apartnent house, i\io. 573(565), is described under No. 215 Eighth :',venue.~~

Nos. 589-627 were built as a row for Louis Bonert and were designed by Eisenla and Czrlson. The portion of the row nearest the Park, Nos. 605-627, was beyun first, in 1908, and the rest of the row, :!os. 589-603, was begun in 1909. ?lo. 627 is 5 Feet wider than the twenty-foot width which prevails for the rest of the row but is stylistically a part of it. By contrast with the houses across the street, this neo-Italian Renaissance row presents a remarkably uniform appearance. The houses are all three stories high, with full-heicht bays set to the left of the doorways above relatively low base3ents. They are all approached by L-shaped stoops, with the exceptio? of the end house, No. 589, which has a straight stoop and a square bay brought forirard to veet the building line of the apartpent house to the west. The roof cornices, which follow the yofiles of the bays, are carried on console brackets, with dentils, and have slieetnetal friezes of embossed ornament below theli. 9t the left sick of the bqys there are brackets, which make the slicht roo"1ine transition froq hieher to lower, followinc the downward slope OF the street away frw the park.

2 subtle variety has been introduced into the western half of the row, :\!OS. 589-603. :\lo. 5Z9, wit11 a linestone front, has R square bay. ~Ios. 591, 593, 53" and 601 have limestone fronts with curved bays; and Nos. 59.5-597 and 603 have brownstone fronts with three-sided bays. The eastern half of t!ie row, 'JOS. 605-627, is impressive in its uniformity, for all the houses arc of limestone with curved bays. In Nos. 605-625, the only variation occurs in the enfrarxnents of the doorways, where a low-arched pedi:xnt, above the molding of t!le door frame, is alternated with an Italian Kenaissance entablature carrier! on pilasters. Handsollie bands of floral ornment appear in tlie bays between the first 2nd second floor window and individual ornamental panels are set below the three winr!ows at first and third floors. The large house at the east end of the row, :lo. 627, has a wider bay with curved corners and is rusticated at the first floor. The doormy reneqts the theme, with rusticated pilasters sqporting the only triangular Dedi- iiient in the row. The same pattern of ornament is followed in iios. 591-003, but *!o. 580 has blind arches filled with ornament above the first floor windo~sand door.

~~(Flo. 67'1 has been omitted from the street nurnberinr system.)~~

Three handsoTe individually designed townhouses adjoin the TOW to t!ie east. '~!o.G31 is brought forward and provides an effective termination for the long roiv to the west. This remarkably handsome French Ream Arts residence was beqiin for Charles :Feads in 1909 anti was designed by Erooklyn architect J. Garfield Xennedy. It has quoins and, it low rusticated basenient, and, like the row it xljoins. is of limestone. !It the fir:,t floor, tliree arches separated by Ionic columns nrovide openinas for the front door at the left and for two casement windows. Glass transoms fill the arches set above arched transom bars. Under the windows are 1(.*. t)nliistrndes. The colums between the windows are crowned by a low entablature. Er~l'~the center of which springs a richly carved corbel block that receives the mnlitude of a curved ceiitral oriel at the second floor. This oriel is crowed b\- 2. low balustrade set in front of :i qlazeil logp.i;l, which has two Ionic colums and a crusscttwi enrrmcllcnt. Tllc wiiacI;ct~,rlisi>lny fi

~~-103- series oc evenly spnccd beam Cncis. ~tcfrcsliipg in this~~

Po. (1x3 IS n Imndsorv neo-I rtlcrnl toiwhousc ?Iterect in the 1920s. !V?metrY prevails in this rc(I brick buildiny, with white zccents of stone provided by horizontal band courses, window SI 115, keystones and the columns of a central porch. This norch shelters the entry and 1s surmounted by a wrought iron railinn, at second floor level, irlierc three full-iieig!?t arched windows siEnalize the p2rlOr floor. !hove these, by contrast, are three small double-huny! windows, set just below a brick parayt. 'ntered a little above street level, the porc'l is fl?nke(i, on either side, by a high wroucht iron fence enclosing the areawys.

Elo. 635, a four-story residence built in 1908-09, repents the central windo!\- scherie oC 30. 631 but ?ins an individual style, while mint: conventional ornanent. ?gnain it is symmetrical the limestone first floor anJ its cornice form a basically horizontnl accent, which contrasts with the upswee? of the freestanding colunns flankin,? t?ie central entrance 2nd supportin:: a wide ,shallow bay window above. The windows above the oriel are carried up in tire snme naterial and are also enframed by brick walls on either side. Three indiv~Jual\i1nilor\ls at the top floor nre crownelt hy a cornice and n low sheetnetal balustrade at the roof. A blank siderJa11 adjoins the spacious yard of the hot:se next door and forms the visual ternination of the blockfront, since the corner house is set well back from Second Street.

~~?lo. 649 is the yard side of the mansion described under ?!o. 53 Prospect Park "est.~~

~~***~~

~~THIRD STREET Between Seventh F, Fighth Avenues~~

This wide, tree-lined street has a row of ornate linestone houses with curved hays on the south side, while the north side is doiinated hy high-stooped brownstones. An unusual feature liere is t!ie long sequence of brownstone retaining w?!ls surmounted by low wrought iron fences. A long Tudor style row on the south side and a trio of neo-Federnl houses on the north are absorbed into the dominant rows of houses. This covbinxtion of styles creates an atmosphere of dignifierl diversity.

~~S'WTI! SIDT, (NOS. 516-562)~~

~~(The corner apartment house on Seventh \venue, and the three houses 2 .jr,l i-in~7it, to tlle west of No. 516, are all outside of the Historic District.)~~

~~(%os. 512-514 have been onitted from the street numbering system.)~~

Xos. 516-522 consist of four Tudor style houses of Flemish bond brickwork built in 1929 for owner J.li. Infanger. The nrch~tectswere Slee ?, Sryson of Drooklyn. The center houses have paired ,Irclied doors in deep reveals, accented with limestone trim, nnd the windows of the First two floors all have limestone enframe- Rents keyed to the brickwork. Elliptically ;Irched drivevay entrances, bith white keystones and impost blocks, are closed with ornavicntnl wrought iron gates and le13 to qaraqes behind. Polnted YnbleS with limestone copin:?s rise in front of a

~~-109- PS-YD~~

~~TllIRD STREET Between Sevonth fr Eighth benues~~

The next eleven housc:s, !!os. 524-544, are of limestone and qenerally alternate in an ARAB pattern. They were designed in the nco-Italian Renaissance Style by Brooklyn architect Axel S. :ledman and were begun in 1309 by the Xorgan Construction Company. All have curved masonry bcys running the full three-story height above low basements, with square-headed windows throunhout. The swell of the bays is eciiocd in the roof cornices, inpnrting a gentle rhythm to the croup. Type “A’, has a square headed door flanked by engaped columns or pilasters supportinq an entablature. Type ‘,B“ is more ornate, with a blind arch over the door supported on pilasters and n cartouche in the tympanum. They are all approached by L-shaped stoops with carved wing-walls and inverted console brackets. The sheetmetal friezes of the roof cornices, decorated with swags and foliate ornament at alternate houses, carry out the stylistic theme.

Nos. 546-560. This row of eight elegant three-story linestone residences w?.s begun in 1909. Nos. 546-552 werc designed by E. Carlson €or ower Henry A. Eade, and Nos. 554-560 were built by owner-architects Eisenla and Carlson. They are in- terestino, examples of an amalgam of styles, derived principally from Italian Renaissance forms. The majority of the basements are of brownstone, and all the doorways are approached by low, L-shaped limestone stoops with carved ornament. WOS. 546, 550, and 551 have two-story projecting bzys. No. 558 has a shallow bay beginning at the second story, while [Go. 560 has an oriel at the second story. The variety in treatment is seen principally in the handsome individually designed doorways and at the roofs. The doorways are square-headed, round or ogee-arched. Sone are very simply handled, while others are enriched with decorative carved enfr‘mements or engaged colunms. Crenelation appears at Nos. 554 and 560; mini- roofs with tiles, carried on brackets are at Nos. 546 and 550. 2nd simple bracketed cornices surmount Nos. 548, 552, 556, and 558.

The south rows of houses end with a single, high, angular brownstone, No. 562, which is approached by a straight stoop. It has a three-sided bay extending full height. The house is basically classical in character, with some Romanesque Revival detail.

~~(The apartnlent house Ct the corner of Eighth Avenue, to the eest of No. 562, is outside of the Historic District.) h’ORTI1 SIDE (Nos. 509-571)~~

~~(The corner apartment house and the three houses adjoinin: it, to the west of h!o. 509, arc all outside of the Historic District.)~~

No. 509 irris built in 1892 by owner-builder Julius Anderson and designed by arcliitnct Lewis Anderson, as part of a four-house row, of which No. 509 is the only one within the boundaries of the I-iistoric District. It is basically late Romanesque Revival, with retardataire ornamental details from the neo-Grec. The L-shaped stoop rises to a rectangular doorway crowned by a cornice slab carried on stone brackets. Square-headed windows are set flat in thc flush brownstone wall, which is varied by rouch-faced stone band and sill courses. This house is crowned by a bracketed, neo-Grec wood cornice.

T’ne next qroup of five three-story brownstone houses, Nos. 511-519, was begun hy Brooklyn owner-architect E .}I. Plowbrey in 1889 and displays an interesting co9bination of neo-Grec and Queen Anne detail. The shallow rectangular bays, begin- niiig at the second story, are reflected in the profile of the queen Anne sheetmetal roof cornices. The bays art? carried on foliate brackets. The deeply recessed doorways and the arched parlor floor windows, with stained glass fanlights, lend diynity to these houses. Several of the upper floor windows still retain their borders of small square lights, so typical of the Queen Anne style. An unusual feature is the tooling at the joints of the basement stonework.

Nos. 521-529 have the same bay scheme at the upper two floors as the houses to the west. The windows of the first and second stories and the doorways are seg- l[lclltal-orched, with graceful stained glass transonis above the doors. Massive L-Sll;li’cd ~1 *ictl~cswoLl1 lap +cI rhr rlmnwclys, pt:uJc

~~-110- PS-HD~~

~~EIRD STREEr Between Seventh E Eighth ,\venues~~

The brackets above the parlor floor windows, supporting the bays, are carved with fantastic and varied heads. 4 bnnd of neo-Grec ornarlent appears beneath the sills of the third floor windows, and the cornice is detailed with arches supported on brxkets, typical of the !)men Anne style.

%S 531-539 are sinilar to the houses to the west. Slightly projectins b?ys appear at the upper two stories. There is carved neo-Grec stonework on the bays and on the stone corbels which support them. The kindom of the first and second stories and the doorways are segmental-arched. The doorways, which retain their stained Elass transams , are flanked by Romanesque Revival colunns, which Support elongated brackets beneath the cornice slabs. The L-shaped stoops are massive wlth solid wing-walls and stone newels with tapered tops. A basenent entrance has been provided at No. 5x3. Beginning with this row, low stone w11s topped by wrought ironwork enclose the front yards Through Xo. 533.

IJos. 541-559, begun in 1892 by Brooklyn owner-architect %511iam Flnnngan, coilsists of ten angular neo-classical houses, with three-sided masonry bnys runnin!: full height. The basements and I,-shaped stoops nre of rouyh-fnced brownscone with ?onanesque Revival carvinq. The facades are of snootti ashlar with horizontal rloldinzs above the windows. The main decorative elements are the stained glass transoms nbove the parlor floor windows in the bays, the carved cornices above the door frasies and the boldly profiled roof coi:iices.

~~(\lo 561 has been omitted from the street numbering system.)~~

At the eastern end of the street, ‘%~OS. 563-567 comprise a trio of red brick and stucco duplexes in an.AB.2 arrangement and may he ch?.racterized as neo-Federal in style. They were begun in 1913 for 3rooklyn owner Charles Neergz~~dmd *rere designed by the well-known ‘

~~No. 569-571, the corner house, is described under iJC. 234 Eiphth Avenue.~~

~~__11IIfX STREET Between Eighth Avenue €, I’rospect I’m-k ”est~~

The character of this syacious trec-lined street, lending up to the Lion Gate entrance to Prospect Park, is mique in the ilistoric District. On both sides of the street, residentic1 rows with deep front yards ?.re further set back from the street by exceptionally bide sidewalks. The north side displays an interesting combination of late 19th century houses, mostly of limestone, in contrast to the lonq ?Oth century brick row on the south side. The street slopes gently downward from the ?ark entrance, and the roof cornices are stepped clown to accord mth it lhe houses present generally flush facades to the srreet, with only minor projections producin~an overall effect of serenity.

~~SXITII SIDF (Yos. 592-63Ji:)~~

~~(The corner apartment house, to the west of Po. 592, is outside of the Historic District .)~~

~~(NOS. 536-590 have heen omitted fron the street nunberinz system.)~~

Nos. 592-596. These three houses were built as one-family dwellings in contrast to the prevailing four-story duplexes of the rest of this blockfront. The houses are arranged in an ABk pattern, with projecting two-story bays enframing the ?!roup. The brickworh is handled masterfully, with Flemish bond nt the first floors,

~~-11’ BS-!ID~~

~~THIRD STREET Between Eighth Avenue E Prospect Park '!est~~

and, at the upper floors. d2rk he:iders which fori, an over-all diamond pnttern in the 01 walls. Recessed pointed arches surniount the doors and windows at the first floor, while the roof gables are derived from the Jacobean.

NOS. 593-634A is 3 long row of remarkably uniform two-fanily duplexes, built in 1910 by the Lings and I'restchester Land Company of Erooklyn. It was designed by the architectural firm of ?iann 6 ilac?leille, which accounts for its unity of appearance, as does the uniform use of llght brown brick. Variety is introduced through the use of ornamental patterns in darker brick, shallow sheetoetal bay windows, and the treatment of the rjofs. Many of the windows are grouped in nul- tiples of three or four, and are vari-? by snall leaded panes in the transoms. The simple entrances are approached by low concrete steps flmked by brick wing- walls with limestone caps. Stylistically, this row is a reflection of the best English work of the period.

Nos. 598-600 and :\'os. 608-610 are identical units, which, like Nos. 592-596, are crisscrossed by diamond p?.tterns of dark brown projecting brick headers. Both units were begun in 1910. Tine first floor door and window openings are made visually uniform by the surmounting row of blind pointed arches inlaid with blue tile lozenges. Central yellow tile crosses enliven the facades, which are topped by simple brick parapets.

~~Nos. 602-606. These brick houses. also begun in 1910, are very sinply detailed and have projecting oriels nt the third floor level. Their steep rcd tile roofs each have two dormer windows.~~

Yos. 612-634A. This long portion of the row, begun in 1909, is also of patterned brick. It gains individualitv throuqh the introduction of steep mansard gables, pierced by dormers and crowne' kv finials, at Nos. 616/616A, 622/622A, and 630/630A. Ornamental sheetmetal parapets unify these dwellings, as do the stone sills at the first floor windows, and the continuous horizontal stone band courses above the first floors. Rectilinear bay windows appear at the third floors of many of these houses replacing conventions1 triple or quadruvle windows.

~~(The corner apartment building on Prospect Pnrk :"est, to the east of NO. 634A, is outside of the Fhstoric District.)~~

~~?"?RTI1 SIDF (510s. 581-631)~~

~~(The corner apartment house, to the west of !.!o. 591, is outside of the Ilistoric District .)~~

Nos. 561-601. This impressive roii of cleven neo-Italian Renaissance limestone residences was begun in 1911 for the Prosar Realty Co. and was designed by the architectural firin of Eisenla & Carlson, 4iich was active on other streets within the District. The low brownstone retaining walls with 101: iirought iron railings semrating the front yards from the street lend unity to this row. The houses nre symmetrically arranRed, Taking an alternating AR.43 sequence. Type "A", the more severe of the two desizns, has a rectangular doorway flanked by unfluted Ionic nilnstcrs supportinn an entablature, the cornice of which is extended over the adjoining triple window. The type ' 4 houses have asymnetrically placed windows a: the second apd third stories and are clowned by a nodillioned sheetmetal cornice. Type "B' , which is more ornate, features a richly enframed arched doorway, echoed by three arched windows at the top floor: G small oval stained class windoiq with four keystones, at the second floor, draws attention to the doorway below. Crown- in? the type 'B" houses is a s!iort but steen red tile roof-front, carried on broch- ets' the ornament consists of heraldic emblems and floral arabesques in panels and at the window enframements.

Nos. 603-607 is an interesting :roup of three brick dwellings. It is basically late Romanesque Revival in swle with some neo-Renaissance details. The Romanesque Revival features are concentrated at the first and third floors and the neo-Renaissance detail at the second story. Characteristic of the Romanesque Re-

~~-112- THIRD STREET Retween Eighth Avenue ?, Prospect !'ark "'est~~

vlval is the varied color scheme all the ~OUSCShave :ray rou!:ii-faced brick 8t basement level, and limestone stoops and trim; ?ios. GO3 and GO? have pay rough- faced brick banded horizontally through orange brick at the first floor and have white terra cotta ornaplent. Fjo. 605 has a green corper oriel at the second floar The deeply revealed arched second story windows of lrlos. 603 and 607 are crormed by an entablature with ornate cornice. >lo. 605 repeats the Ronanesque theme in its arched doorway and also at the top Floor glazed loggia, where slender columns with broad corbels support the lintei. At this house, R bold copper roof cornice carried on console brackets complements the richly ornamented copper oriel, which is topped with a red tile hippcd roof at the second floor. All three 'nouses have stained glass in the transoms of the second story windows, and ail have straight stoops with carved Romanesque detail.

~~(r!o. GO9 has Seen omitted from the strect numbering systen )~~

~~No. 611 vas begun in 1869 and desicned by Horace G. !~~

~~(Eo. 613 has been omitted from the street numbering systeri.)~~

One of the most imposing houses on the block is Yo. 615, a carefully scaled neo-Georgian residence of beige Roman brick accented with limestone; it was begun by 3roo!tlyn owner-architect Peter J. Collins in 1900. A striking feature of-this residence is the second floor P:ll?li,mwindow, with shell motif in the blind arch. This window opens upon a stone baicony with balustrade, supported on deep horizontzl foliate console brackets. Above the first floor, the ends of the facade are dcfined by Ionic pilasters risine two stories from a Greek fret bandcourse tc a '0 roof cornice studded with lions' heads. An L-shaped stoop leads up to the simple rectangular doorway, with 2 handsome Federal style inner doorway.

Nos. 617-631. The street terninates at the cast end with a splcndid row of eiqht neo-Renaissance houses, with L- shaped carved brownstone stoops and io\\' rusticated basements. It was designed by Axel S. f!erlman in an ,!BCACnAB sequence for the Prospect Park Vest Realty Co. and built in 1910. Type "A" has 3 rope inoldin: around the first flosr openings and paired three-sided oriels set into segmental arches at the second floor. Type "G" has low-arched openines at the first floor topped by a cornice supportinz a shnllorv three-sided bay at thc second story, which, in turn, supports the engased columns flanking the centrnl third-story window. he of the most charmin: features of the row appears here in the arched Beaux p.rts windows and door of the first floor. The type 'C" facade !)as rectangular doors and windows and a rusticated psrior floor, from which four fluted Cor- inthian columns rise two stories to a aodillioned qetal cornice. Type "D", the only one of its kind in the row, is Frer.ch Renaissance in Inspiration. Above the segmental-arched doorway is a foliate panel, which is carried cver as a bandcourse separatinc the two floors of a shallow curved bay. The roof cornice is Carrie2 on console brackets profiled by dentils, an unusual feature.

~~(The corncr apartment house with deep rear lot, to the east o? NO. 631, is outside of the 1:istoric Cistrict .)~~

~~***~~

~~-113- _-_FQ39TIi - - ___ STREET _- Detwecn Scventli G !:igh?h hvenucs~~

In contrast to the untficd facxles and straight cornicc lines of the park bloch, the houses on this :;treet are of various wterials and display a wir!e varicty 0.C features, ir.cluL!iny picturesque roofs, domer windows an2 a fine circular tower crowned by tali octagonal roof terminating the eastern end of the north side. This variety is indicative of turn-of- the-cer!tury ecforts to humanize the urban scene.

~~CcIITii SJ"F (;!OS. 336-504)~~

~~(The Tohn Jay I!igh School with its playprour.A at the east end, adjoining 'io. 436 to the west, is outside of the 1:istoric nistrict.)~~

i.10. $66 is a four-story limestone apartment housc i\Jiich is neo-Classical in style. It ii3s an ionic entrmce porc!: surpountcd by a low balustrade, full- height swell-front bays at eit!ier side, and a sheetinetal cornice carried on console brackets, with swags decorating the fascia below it.

:'os. 488-492 consist o!' three houses designed ns n grou?. They were beyin in 1S92 "or Thonas L. Leeming and were designed !,y the r.oted architectural firin of 1:eins :, CzFsrge, idiicli won tile conpetition for thc C?.theciral of St. John the 9i\tine in :anhattan. The design renrcsents the i-ener.wl interest in our Colonial heritage which occurred in the 1890s. The bui1dii:q are Ceortrirm in style and have somewhar nore robust detail than iiqs to be found in the earlier Queen Znne style. rlonethe- less, there are features retiiniscent of the Rommesque ?evival: the two-story bays, the use of Roman brick and tile horizontal storle bant! course above the first floor Idindows and doors. T!ie Georgian features are the sm11 ,lovers uith broke?' peCiments, :he larger qabled dorvers, featurin- k~lladianwindows, a larpe central Pnllarli~-:rsindow at thc second story of 'lo. 490, and the nrcheJ doorways with ran 1ig;its. 'Two small ov2l windows, each with four Leystones (at ton, botton, and sl(ics), are placed above the arched doorwnys an3 lend enphnsis to them. Thc low baserieqt is of linestone, and the doors are anproache,! by straitlit stoops -71th stone win:-walls. \ i,iinor note of asyvctry is achicved !iy the bays at the ends, curved st '10. 48s an.1 three-sidel at pro. 492.

PJos. 434-504 is a row of six severely neo-Classical tow:,mses h*hich are OF brick 1.6t:i 1iriestor.e trim Y1e offf-center entrance doors are enfraped by Tiinsters suwortin- ornanente,! entablatures, 2nd all are aimroached by straivht stoovs wit!? stone l~in~~-v~lls.The triple windows 0'' the second and third floors have comnon stone -nfrmePents, with stocie spndrel paricls I)etiveen the-?. The roof cornices 1.ith dcntils are stepped iloim at each house mtl are surmorted ofi end brachets. "aristy is achieved through the use oc may brick ?t the two center houses anJ ret! brick at the flankiq ones.

~~(The corner apartwnt house o!1 l-.ic;hth "Ivenue, to the east of "0. 504, is OLK- side of the i'istoric District.)~~

~~(The corner apartment hoiise on Sevcnth Avciuic, to thc ivest of -To. 465, is outside of thc Ijistoric District .)~~

i'os. 405-473 at the '..est end OF the block are threc wide walk-un apartvent houses oq liwstonr, begun in 1504 for T!io.-,ns Corrigan and 1:'illin7i :'. .lo!mstGn an,! clcsipml ?1y nrooklyn arcliitect i'liorws Rennett . Thcsc four-story houses are of iico rlnssical desizn and 'lave Ionic porches crovtcetl by bnlirstrades. The fascias of the sheetnetxl roof cornices arc decorated mth svar;s. ''itti their fdll-liei+t si+ell- front bays, these houses ;>lovide an iincliilntin:: r:lytliri in contrast to the flush Faced rows to the east.

~~(The corner apartment house on Li!:hth lbenue, to the east of iJo. 513, is outside of the 1Iistor1c District.)~~

~~FO!JRTI1 STRXT Retween Eishth Avenue g I'rospect Park Irest~~

The unique and effectiv,? composition of the park block of Fourth Street results from the careful handling of the rows lining both sides of the street. Thesc. two opposinz rows of three-story residences were desiped by the same architect over a two year period in the early 1900s. They vary subtly in deteil but were subject to a definite set of design controls. These controls and the ainenities they produce include: setting the houses back fifteen feet from the sidewalk and en- frnninc the rows by projecting the end houses, thereby makin? a smooth transition LO the neiehboring building lines; raising the front yards with limestone retaining iualls, thus minimizing the apparent heiqht of the basements' groupinq the houses in- to units of three with regard to yard and cornice levels, thereby producinn an effect of restful serenity, as opposed to those rows where breaks in heipht occur at every house. The generally flush facades of limestone, in the north row, are only interrupted by a few rectangular oriels and two-story bays an\! by the curved bay of the end house as an enfraning elenent. The ornament on both sides of the street, borrowed from Classical, Romanesque and French Renaissance sources, has a generaliy consistent character, and the varied shrines of the openings are repeated in such a miinner as to deemphasize the individual house while lending interest to tlic row.

~~SOtiTH SIDE (NOS. 528-595)~~

~~(The corner apartment house on Cighth Avenue, just west of No. 528, is outside of the Ilistoric District.) .~~

Nos. 528-534 are, except for a garage at the back, empty lots. The four townhouses which stood here were demolished by 1939. To date there are no plans for these sites, which present a challenge to the area and are a potential asset if properly developed.

Nos. 536-584. (Vos. 542 and 570 are nissinp from the street numbering system.) This row of twenty-three houses once included the four houses which were demolished to the west (Nos. 528-534). They were begun in 1907 by owner-builder Arthur Singer and were designed by arooklyn architect Arthur R. Koch. The architectural design treats the row in groups of three with the design control advantages mentioned above. The swnetry of the block front revolves about KO. 556 which was the center house when the row consisted of twenty-seven houses. Tivo characteristics distinguish this lono, row from the otherwise sinilar one facing it. Hori- zontally banded stonework and rustication extend across the first floor fronts of several of the houses giving then a bolder relief, and, presimably because of its lengtii, this row was varied Through the use of brownstone, as contrasted with limestone, for the nine central houses of the original twenty-seven.

The fronts share some interesting features with the houses opposite, such as copper-clad second floor oriels, bay leaf garlanded arches above some of the first floor windows and doors, and two-story three-sided hays displaying musual foliate ornarlent set vertically above (dwarf pilasters at the second floor. A special feature, to be found only at tie south side of the street, is a series of glazed third floor logqias consisting of three windows separated by Ryzantine columns at Nos. 548, 556, 5G.1 and 578. Another special feature is the small Palladian window set in a handsome rusticated wall at the first floor of No. 556, which was formerly the center of the row. Pn this side of the street, the survival of Romanesque Revival features is indicated by the use of brownstone, the triple window loggias at the third floors and the more general use of stone transom bars at the first floor windows.

No. 586 was begun in 1909 for owner Qtto Singer, and was desiqned by Arthur R. Yoch, also the architect of the long row built two yenrs earlier to the west of this house. This imposing limestone faced residence harnonizes with the neighboring row, despite its more elaborate ornamentation. A wealth of French Rennis- sancc detail at doorwny, roof cornice and hay enlivens the fncade, t-ililc the two- story bay effectively terminates the row.

~~- 116- PS-Hn~~

~~__FOURTV STREET Between Eighth Avenue 4 Prospect Park "'est~~

~~The corner apartment house is described under No. 36 Prospect Park ':'est~~

~~ElVTi! SIDE (Kos. 539-597)~~

~~(The corner apartment house, to the vest of No. 539, is outside of the !listoric District .)~~

Nos. 539-561 is a row of six fbur-story neo-Georgian apartinent houses, built in a uniform style from plans of 1905 by Brooklyn architcct, Thomas Bennetr; Nos. 539-551 were built €or !I.B. >lay and ?/os. 557-561 were built for i?lbert C. Hessel. They are all approached by low stoops and have porches suyorted on col~ns. some of which are crowned by low balustrades. Sheetmetal cornices carried on con; sole brackets, with friezes ornamented by swaqs, are the same for all six apart- , ments. The facades are enlivened and given rhythmical cadence through the use of full-height swell-front bays, one on each side of the central entrance Dorch. These bays are Federal style in origin, although the buildinzs are basically GeorFian in their detail. Variety is achieved by treatine the four end buildings with quoins ml splayed lintels with keystones; the two central buildings have simple rectangular lintels except at the top floors. Changes in materials, and brick colors introduced at random, lend further interest to this otherwise uniform row. Sasically, the houses are of brick, with the exception of ?IO. 547, which 1s all of limestone, and the first floor of No. 551, which is also of limestone. : i Nos. 565-597. (No. 581 has been omitted from the street nuaberiny: system.) i This handsome row of sixteen townhouses was begun in 190s by owner-builder Otto Cheer and was designed by Erooklyn architect Arthur R. Koch, who designed the similar row on the opposite side of the street. Like those houses on the south side, this row also enjoyed the design controls outlined in the introduction. Several

different types of facades are distributed more or less symmetrically about the I center house, No. 563, kith the houses to the cast having the front doors on the left side and those to the west having them on the right. Variations in the design of the roof cornices lend interest to the row, as do the two-story bays, oriels and round arches of some of the doors and windows at the first floors, similar tc those across the street. The glazed loggia theme recurs at the second floors of ?!os. 573 and 591, hut is executed here in the neo-Classical style, with colunins between the windows displaying Csmposite capitals. The basement walls are of rough-€aced masonry like those across the street, some of them have smooth- faced flat arches, with splayed stones stepped up Pt their tops to neet the high foliate keystones at the center, seine of which arc crowned by fancifcl masques. At both ends of the row, the last two houses are Drojected forward, with diazonal walls, to wake the transition to tile building lines of the adjoining apartment houses. This design makes possible deep yards in front of the row Of houses. The end hwse to the west, No. 565, is exceptionally narrow (14'"J" wide), but, with its round-zrched door and window at the first floor, makes an effective terminal feature despite its small size.

~~(The corner apartment house, east of No. 597, is outside of the Historic District .)~~

*** a -117- ____--FIFTH STREET Between Eighth 4venuc & Prospect Park Vest e, Ifere the street presents a remarkably uniform quality, despite minor variations of detail. The north side reflects the enthusiasm for all-white neo- Classical buildings that was inspired by the Chicago Fair of 1893. The south side of the street is made up of two rows, with neo-Georgian apartrlent houses to the west and Romanesque Revival houses to the east. They display an interesting ranqe of colors and materials. The two easternmost houses in the rows, on opposite sides of the street, form a visual link with their similar tower-like bays and provide effective terninations to the handsome rows.

~~SOUT!; SIDE (NOS. 550-612)~~

~~No. 550. This is the long side of the corner apartment house, which is described under No. 501 Eighth Avenue.~~

;(os. 564-580 is a row of nine four-faaily apartments designed to resemble individually owned town houses. It was built in 1910 for owners Nathan and Leon N. Levy and was designed by Villiam Debus. The houses are treated in groups of threes, with the outer two buildings having &?I-height bays, while the central building is flush-fronted. The style is basically neo-Georgian, with certain ,~i;:ar modifications of detail lending interest and coherence to the basic scheme, an bSC, AX, A3C pattern. All of the houses are brick above limestone basements and first floors, with low s.traieht stoops approachinq the doorways. Type ''A" has a full-height, three-sided bay. There are arched windows in the rusticated first floor; garlanded pediments surmount those of the second floor. and the windows of the upper stories have keystones. Type "D" is flush-faced and has arched pediments above the doorways and blind-arched windows at the third floor. This is the only type in the row which has R deeply projecting cornice carried on console brackets. Type C'' has a rusticated first floor and a full-height curved bay with handsoinely enframed and pedimented windows at the second floor. The brickwork is varied from red at type "C" to buff colored at types 'A,, and '' 9' .

No. 532 (No. 5S2-534) is a four-story apartment house standing on the site of a two-story brick stable, which belonFed to the Litchfield estate and was demolished in 1904. The building has limestone quoins and a limestone rusticated first floor, with brick above. A swell-front bay extends full-height.

Nos. 586-606. This row of twelve three-story Romanesque Revival townhouses was be,:un in 1392 for John A. Sliss and was designed by Crooklyn architect Nagnus Dahlander, who also worked in the Stuyvesant Peights area. The design pattern is quite subtle. Full-height curved bays flank the two central flush-fronted houses and also terminate the ends of the row. All the intermediate houses are flush- fronted. This esteblishes a symmetry, within which the fenestration and details are varied at random, with each house having its own clearly defined cornice of individual design. IJos. 556, 594 end 600, with curved full-height bays, are quite similar to each other in design, as me !.Jos. 588 and 592, with their flush fronts and regular fenestration. idos. 590 and 604 are notable for their two very laree arched windows at the top floors, while >'os. 602 and 606 are the antithesis in design, with four hiSh, narrow windows at their top floors and arches at the first. Horizontal bandcourses, rough-faced stone basenents, stone transom bars, and arched and corbelled windows are amonq the nany Ronanesque Revival characteristics of this row. The masonry includes combinations of rouch-faced limestone, brownstone and Roman brick. t3f particular interest is the convex rustication used at the parlor floors of Nos. 588 apd 592, splayed in form at the segmental arches above the parlor floor windows. No. 603, the end house, although built with the row, is a variant in design from the other townhouses. At the east wall there is a handsome shallow bay window crowned by a conical roof. A small garage is located on the lot adjoining the stoop to the east.

~~No. 612, the corner house, is described under No. 94 Prospect Park !'Jest. It has a large open yard behind it, adjoining No. 608.~~

~~-118- PS-tlD~~

~~FIFTlI STREET Between Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park Vest~~

~~NDRTll SIDE '(NOS. 557-607)~~

~~(The corner property, to the west of No. 557, is outside of the Historic District; it was the site of a six-story elevator apartment house, which was recently razed.)~~

NOS. 557-579. This row of twelve interesting townhouses was built in 1903-04 by owner-builder Lane 6 Yeandle and was designed by Vanhattan architect IYoodruff Luning. The houses were all designed with tile roofs, some of which have been replaced by other roofing materials, and high rusticated basements. There is a wide range of design in this row. Nos. 567, 569 and 579 are quite different from the rest of the row. These three have Enelish basewents, entered at street level, in contrast to most of the other houses, which have stoops. At Nos. 567, 569 and 579, an arched doorway is emphasized by rusticated stonework and forw a visual part of the wide three-sided bay which extends upward to provide a balustraded deck €or the fourth story. The bay windows with stone mullions at each floor are reminiscent of Tudor architecture. The fourth story has a triple window behind the balustrade placed on the bay. These houses are crowned by low parapets in lieu of cornices. Flanking the pair of central houses, Nos. 567 and 563, are two neo- Classical houses, Nos. 565 and 571. They are flush-fronted, with the exception of centrally placed curve-sided oriels. This house type appears again next to the end houses, at Nos. 577 and 559, of which 240. 559 gives the best idea of their original appearance. Set between these neo-Classical houses are two pairs of handsome brownstones: Nos. 561 and 563, 573 and 575. ''rith their high L-shaped stoops and bracketed cornices, they seem to belonp; to an earlier period than this turn-of-the- century row. However, ',broken" pediments above the doorways, and classical swags under the second floor windows provide the clue to their actual dates, They have full-height, three-sided bays, reflected at the cornice line. The house at the western end of the row, No. 557, has a rectangular projecting bay interlocked with an arched entrance porch. llandsome triple windows in the front of the bay lend dignity to this neo-Classical house.

Nos. 581-607 is a severely neo-Classical row of fourteen three-story townhouses built in 1907-08 by owner-builder Eli Bishop of 20 Halsey Street and designed by .Axel Ikdman, a Brooklyn architect who also did work in the Stuyvesant Heights area. An undulating classical cornice with swags is the reflection of the full- height bays which appear at every house. Kalf of the bays are three-sided, the other half curved, as at Nos. 583, 5G9, 593, 595, 599, 605 and 607, in a more or less s\/mmetrical arrangement. A rusticated first floor extends the length of this limestone row, and all the houses are approached by straizht flights of steps leading into small front terraces, which extend the width of the houses. These terraces are all surrounded by low walls and are a most inviting feature. The houses are stepped down at the cornice-line in pairs, and this system of levels is als~carried out at the terraces. Ornament has been used sparingly. it is most to be noted above the first floor door and window heads and in small nanels at the front face of the three-sided bays, between the second and third floor windows. The end house, No. 607, has a conical roof surmounting the bay. This tower-like element provides a visual termination for the row.

~~No. 607A, on the corner, is one of a row of apartment houses and is described under Po. 92 Prospect Park West.~~

*** a -119- ---.-SIXTl~l STREET -_

~~SIXTI: STREET Bctween Eiphth Avenue Tr Prospect Park ':est . ..------~~

The zener31 unifomiiy of this pleasant residential street, with its one- family dwellinp and small apartpent houses, is Fiver? interest by round an? three- sided bays and by many high 1,-shaped stoops. The overall effect is one of brieht- ness, due to the general use of liqestone and light-colored brick. The classicisn of these limestone houses is indicative of the influence exerted by the "%-ep.t "hite city' , the Chicaeo Exposition of 1S93.

~~Sn!JTH CTr)E (140s. 590-63311~~

(The lots occupied by St. Saviour's (1l.C.) Church, which is located on the corner of Lizhth Avenue, and by the adjoining Qt. Saviour's School, west of ".o. 590, are outside of the liistoric District.)

iJos. 590-593. These four-story eizht family nprrrtnient houses were built in 1904-05 for J. EuEene Ryerson they were desiened by 'looklyn architect Thorms Rennett. The oriainal plms for ''0. 538 called for cas ligiiting--surprising Rt this late date. Converted to a convent for Yt. Snviour's in 1928, 710. 590 no\; reveals the pleasant rhythm of its swell-front bays. The norches at the centers of these buildings have Ionic colu~insand are surmounted by wrounht iron railings. 'heetinetal roof cornices, with console brackets 2nd swazs in the friezes, continuc t!ie neo-Classical theme. '110. 598, on a narrower lot, has a different plan. Small paired rrindows are placed zbove the doorway at each of the uppcr floors.

Nos. 600-608 are five neo-Classical three-story residences which were built for t!ic Prospect Park !vest Realty Company from 1903 desizns by Srooklyn architect Axel !'edvan. Thc verticality of the full-height curved bays at 710s. 600, 602 and 606 is accented by two-story grooved Filasters. Yos. 604 and 638 have only two- story bays. )lo. 600, the end house, has a bol!ly projected bay, which is flush with the line of the apartment house to the west. It curves in to meet the line of the rov, which is set back to provide front yards. These houses are unified hy n continuous classical cornice, supported on console brackets, and by their bFowi- stone hnsements and I.-sha?ed stoops. The carved ornzrent of the limestone walls varies from house to house. Of particular note arc the bas-relief panels over the doors and central parlor floor windows and the scallop-shell motif over the entrnnce of ?lo. 600.

Vos. 610-623 (!!o. 612 has been omitted from the street niiiberinc system). This group of five three-story neo-Classical houses was built at the turn of the century. They are of limestone, with alternatiny rounded and three-sided full- height b~ys. The deep cornices are strikinp and wake a bold profile apinst the sky as they follow t!ie lines of the bays. There are carved classical panels sct in wide bandcourses above the doors and windows of the first floors.

Nos. 624 and 626 (110s. 622 and 623 have been omtted from the street numbering system). These houses were built in 139s-99 for Charles G. Peterson. They have two-story curved bays and basically sten froin the Pownesque Revival tradition. I'owever, they dispby an array of neo-Renaissance details in the stone trim set in light-colored brickwork at the first floor doors anr! windows, in the Lalusters above the bay at No. 626, and in the sheetmetal cornices supported on console brackets. The basements and the wing-walls of the L-shaped stoops are rusticated.

~~Plo. 630-638 is the larqe corner house described under :io. 108 Prospect Park "'est.~~

~~I'ORTH SIDE (IJoS. 543-627)~~

~~110. 543, the corner apartment house, is described iinc!er No. 513 Eichth (vsnue.~~

~~-120- --___SIXTI: YTRCET Between Eiqhth :(venue ti Prospect Park '"est.~~

Nos. 507 and 573 are two substnntial aFartment houses built in 1911 for Nathan Levy am1 desiqned by Rroolclyn architect .lacob I)cbus. Tlic limestom tri,n ::!iJ red brick used here forin a jlcasi.ni; coinbinatior: of 1s;lterials. ,!oteiwrtl-sy frj'i.1Il.C:. at these t\$o buildinzs are the lnq:c, scyolled, iron brackets supportin?; the cornices and the decorative iron railings on the fire escapes. Triple windows are set on either side of the ccntrnl entrnnccs 3t the linestonc first floors. Siglilx windows >re tied toqether vertically by P coilixon linestone enframcnent at the sea; c! snrl third floors .

i4os. 575-5751 to 583-533.4 were built in 1910-1911 for two-family OCcup~nCY. This group of five duplexes was built for I.1atlian and Leo Levy and designocl 13' architect %lliam Dcbus, except for !IPS. 583-5834, which were built for CpuS Rheims and were desiycd by Drooklyn arciiitsct !t.L. Rciser. The row is givon definition by the two end houses. with classical pilasters nt the i'irst floc,r and quoins at the sccond floor. ,'t each of the five qluplcxes, separate strsn-t entrances have been provided at either side, to serve five two family units, the stoops are low and approach thc eiitrnnccs dircctly. Thoiigh severely sinip1.e in style, these houscs siioi\l evidence of the GeorTinn tradition in the quoins, the brickwork, and the splayed flat arches above some of the windows. It is als~:Lp- parent in the (1orwr winJows at '!os. 577 and 531.

7'0. 555 is an ei$:ht-fanily brick apartrlent hoase datinc fro1 1914. It w.?$ hilt for Isaac Seid and was desiTned by ,C. 'lillman 4 ?on 06 Brooklyn. "'ith its @-:paiiish tile rooflet and stone insets in the paranet, it typifies nuch of the ncv domestic architecture of rhe turn of the century.

Nos. 527-593. These four houses vere built in 1895-94 by owner-builder Auystus !hrd. two brown5tones alternate mth two limestone houses. They have high rusticated basenents and I-shaped stoops of brownstone, which, with their rouqh-faced stone wing-walls, are derived from the :;omanesOue Revival style. The severe full-height, three-sided bays, 2nd tlie swaqs in tlie friezes of the dentilecl sheetmetal roof cornices, are the neo-Classical elements 07 these transitional houses.

Vos. 595-60'3. This row of eiglit houses, benun in l?nn, was built by OWIICT- builcler John A. Lliss from designs of architect 4.E. "liite the houses ne late Roianesque Revival in style. They have a1 ternat inn curved and three-sided two- story bays, and the limestone triq offers a subtle contrast to the yellow brick, nivjnz the row a mellow effect. TEie houses with three-sided bavs hnve stone transom bars at the first floor windows and splayed rock-faced Fiat arches at those on the second floors- small elaborately enfrwed windows are placed above the doorways. There are arched windows with stone transon bars at the top floors of alternatinc Iiouses, and the roof cornices are varied in an alternptinn pattern. The entrancc- ways have columns at each side supportin? vertically nlaced console brackets, which, in turn, support the entablatures -- an upusual feature.

No. 627, the corner house, rereatinn the basic desiFn of the one oprosite it on the south side, has a swell-front bay at the back end of a wing which is one story lower than the rest of the house and faces the rear yar.1. These houses produce a handsome gateway effect as one enters tlic street fro? the qark. Thls house is described under FJo. 197 Prospect Park I'lest.

~~***~~

~~-121- -SWENTH STREET Between Eighth Avenue F. Prospect Park Piest~~

The park block of Seventh Street contains variously designed houses, which create a successful ensemble. The south side is remarkable for its groups of handsome Flemish Renaissance houses, with striking color variations and picturesque gables, which create bold profiles against the sky. The north side of the street, while less flamboyant, is nevertheless interesting. It has rows of sedate brownstones with beys, which contrast with a flush-faced row having considerable variety in its fenestration and detail.

~~S?UTH SIDE (NOS. 550-610)~~

~~(St. Saviour’s (R.C.) School at the corner of Eighth Avenue, west of No. 550, is outside of the tkstoric Elstrict.)~~

Nos. 550-570 is a croup of six eight-family neo-Georgian apartment houses. NO. 550 \cas built for Jacob Friednan and Nos. 554 and 558 for the H.D. llill Con- tracting Co. These three were designed by Brooklyn architect Frank s. Lowe md bepn ir! 1905. ?!os. 562, 566 and 570 were built at about the same time and were undoilbtedly designed by the sane rrchitect. All the buildinqs are four stories hiEh and are of brick, above rusticated limestone first floors. They are directly approached by low stoops set between wing-walls. Full-height swell-front boys produce an undulating rhythm at the cornice line.

KO. 574 is “The Brunswick. , an apartlient house which was built at the turn of the century. It is neo-Renaissance in style, executed in cream-colored brick with stone trim. A stylish iron marquee shelters :he central entranceway at street level and a two-sided bay, beginning at the second floor, rests on a broad corbel of carved stone. The limestone enfranements of the second story windows have traditional classical ‘ears’ and are surmounted by arched pediments. The copper roof cornice is quite deep and has an exquisite patina.

3‘0s. 576-598 is an irLteresting row of twelve three-story townhouses arrangec! in groups. This row was begun in 1903 for %lliaq B. Greenman and designed by the Manhattan architecturai firm of Chappell & Bosworth, agents for architect R. Clarence Rupp. The end houses, two at the west and three a’i the east, have a sober dignity that contrasts well with the two elaborately designed central groups of Eabled houses, which, in turn, flank a very simple single house. All the houses in the row are approached directly, except Nos. 594 and 598, which have L-shaped stoops. Nos. 576 and 578, the flat-roofed houses at the vest end, have arched doors; No. 578 has an arched window and doorway at the first floor, with square-headed windows above. \lo. 576 has a full-heioht, three-sided bay alonqside of an arched doorway, while No. 573 is flush-fronted, both are rusticated full-height, with brick above linestone. They share a simple classical cornice. The two groups of nabled houses, Nos. 580-584 to the west and Nos. 588-592 to the east, are identical in their basic elevations, with variations only in the detailing. In these goups of three, the outer houses have three-sided bays, with parapets at the third floor levels. The center house of each group has a handsome central oriel at the second floor. Their style is proclaimed by the elaborate Flemish Renaissance gables, which crown the fronts of the three houses. A strong pattern of horizontal stone bandcourses sets off the Roman brick to advantaee. No. 586, the center house set between these two Flemish groups, makes a strong contrast, with its flat roof and straightforward neo-Georgian detail. nf the three houses at the eastern end of this row, Nos. 534 and 598 have three-sided stone bays with broad front fzces. These bays are further enphasized by the pediments which crown then. The central house, Iio. 596, has a high stepped gable behind a two-story oriel, topmost section of which franles a handsome classical scallop shell.

~~(i.70. 600 has been omitted from the street numbering system.)~~

~~No. 602 is a deep narrow lot, and No. 610 is the corner apartment house with rear yard, which is described under 1\10. 118 Prosnect Park ‘‘‘est.~~

~~-122- __SLVE?!T;i __STREET - Between Eighth Avenue Prospect Park "!est~~

~~W'?TH SIDE (NOS. 553-627)~~

~~(The corner lot at Eighth Avenue, containing a house with garage, to the west of NO. 553, is outside of the thstoric District.)~~

Nos. 553-581. This long row of fifteen flush-fronted townhouses incorporates designs popular at the turn of the century. It is particularly noteworthy as an example of how architects, using a few house types and a variety of qaterials, lent interest to the cityscape. There are basically four different hcuse designs, which appear at first glance to be intermingled quite at random. Upon closer insnection, 3 conipletely symnetrical central core may be discerned, centering around a pair of houses, )!os. 563 and 565, and extending out at either side to No. 557 on the west and No. 571 on the east. Outside of this core, except in the case of t!ie two easternmost houses, which are completely different, some of the four basic house types appear quite at random. Althou!;h the basic house desizns are quite distinct, the architect has varied the materials used for them, lending further interest: limestone and light 2nd dark colored brick have been used for contrast. The houses are approached by hiyh, straight stoops with limestone lging-walls, sone of which are surmounted by iron handrailings. All of these houses have limestone basements.

Nos. 563 and 565, the two houses which forn the center of the symmetrical core, have square-headed windows ad, at the second floor, two small three-sided bay windows set in conventional window openings on corbeled sills. The roofs display gambrel roof lines with wide hi?-roofed dormers, each of which has two windows. F!o. 565 retains its handsome oriyinal tile roof. On either side of these, appears a house type which has a strikinely large plate glass, arched uindow set next to an arched doorway at the first floor. These Romanesque Revival arches are ribbed and rest on carved inpost blocks. ht the second and third floors, triple windows are crowned by rooflets: the upper one is carr.ied on beam-end outlookers. Flanking these, in turn, are houses of a severely rectilinear scheme, of brick above iimestone first floors. At No. 559, paired windows are placed next to a door- say framed by pilasters and an entablature. The centrally located upper floor windows of Nos. 559 and 569 are triple and share a common limestone enframeinent; they have limestone panels between then. Overhnneing roof cornices, with long panels beneath, are carried on end brackets. The two outermost houses of the sp- metrical inner core, :,!os. 557 and 571. are neo-Renaissance in style 2nd have double windows set under elliptical arches besir!e nrched doorways. These windows anJ doorways are set in rusticated limestone walls up to impost block level and have handsome stone voussoirs lgith keystones formin? the arches, interlocked with the bricltrlork above theirl. The windows of the upper floors are enfraned by limestone moldings, and the bouses are crowned by dentilled roof cornices carried on end b.:ickets. The two easternlost houses, :!os. 579 and 581, which differ in desizn from 211 the others, are very si'iilar to each other at the upper floors: they have three-sided bays carried on corbels at the second floors and triple windows at the third. Their end-bracketed roof cornices are also quite sinilar. It is at the first floors that they differ. :$IO.579 is especially handsome, with a richly ornamented neo-Qenaissance mask set in t!ietynpanil:l of the broad window arch. This arch is enframed by evenly spaced blocks set in a molding. The same enframement appears at the arched doorway, which also has an ornate tympanum. The adjoining house,. ?lo. 581, has a double window, with snall arched pediment centered above the lintel. The window is set to the left of a very ornately enframed doorway. The houses to the west of the inner core belong tcj the basic house tries described above buL are placed nt random.

b!\'os. 583-603 is a long TOW of neo-Grec brownstone houses, with three-sided bays, built in 1888-G9 for owner-architect Charles G. Peterson. The hoilses arc all approached by high, straight stoops with wrou~litiron hand -railings and slender cast iron newel posts. In their ornamentT1 roof cornices and door enfranements, thcy show the influence of the neo-Grec style, even though they belong to a later period. 2s compared with their neighbors to the west, they have the appearance . of dignified disapproving ancestors. Nos. 583-597, with full-height bays, are two a and one-half stories high. At ?!as. 589-593 there are fenestrated attics, where the

~~-123- SEVCidTtl STREET Between E Lghth Avenue & Prospect Park Irest.~~

windows are set in the fascia boards beneath the roof cornices. The engaged cclmns at the doorways support lintels with cornices. Above tliese, ttie panels beneath the second-floor windows form a vis~ialcontinuity with the wide bard courses above the parlor floor windows, Nos. 595-599 are quite similar but are three stories high, with three-sided bays which extend up to the third stories, at which level they are crowned with low cast iron crestings.

Nos. 605 and 607 were also built for owner-architect Charles G. Peterson, but in 1893. In their conbination of gray-colored Roman brick and limestone, smooth and rough-faced, tliese houses hcrald the architectural character which the street was to assume at the turn OF the century. The materials, the arched windows, the stone transoin bars and the detail mnke these bold houses unmistakably Romanesque Revival in style.

~~No. 627 is a four-story corner house, described under No. 117 Prospect Park "Jest.~~

~~*a*~~

~~EIGI?T:l STREET~~

~~__._____EIGHT!! STREET Between TIqhth Avenue €, Prospect Park Vest~~

This street has an airy open character due to the low houses on the south side. These row houses are, in their details, expressions of the wave of classicism and interest in the Renaissance which swept the country after the Chicago ''Iorld's Fair of 1893. They are modest versions of this style, desizned to fit the needs of the aspiring middle-class owner. With only one exception, the houses on the south side are of limestone. The north sic!e, by contrast, presents and al- nost solid wall of four-story apartment houses. Their mterials consist of lizht- colored shades of brick, with limestone trim, which hamonizes with the houses across the street. Their height is visually minimized by the concentraticn of architectural elements antl details at pround floor level, while their full-heiqht bays create a wavy undulation ac the shyline. Ftrnnyely out of place are a pair of low brick houses of the nineteen twenties, which are lacking in urban elegance and cive the blockfront n toothless charpster. !he dark, handsome, brownstone apartaent house stands proudly among its neiehbors. One feels it might have be- lonyed on Poston's Comonwealt!i ,\venue.

~~SWTH STPE (NOS. 532-56.2)~~

~~(The corner apartment house, on Eighth Avenue, west of Iio. 502, is outside of the Ilistoric District .)~~

Nos. 502-524. This row of twelve identical neo-Italian Kenaissance houses was built in 1908-09 for ilxiis Levy and was designed by Erooklyn architect Thomas Bennett. It is only two stories high, with full-heiqht curved bays. The smooth lisestone is enriched by fluted pilasters between the square-headed windows of the bays, by the doorways with their engaged columns supportinrr ornate entablatures, antl by the carved panels beneath the windows in the bays. !!iEh L-shaped stoops arpronch the handsome doorways with wroueht iron grilles in the doors. The houses are crowned by individual sheetnetal roof cornices, which have console brackets, and a frieze with swags.

IJo. 526 is a two-story red brick tovnhouse with a three-sided bay. It was built in 1994-05 for Alexander Lyons and Charles Block and was desinned by architect Simeon Eisendratli. It is unique in this row. The linestone riuoins give

~~-124- ---EIGHTH STREET Between Eighth Avenue Prospect Park "lest~~

the facade a banded appearance. The richly enframed bull's-eye window over the doorway, the pedimented vindow above it, the sidelights and transom at the door and the elegant IJrOught iron raiiinrs at the stoop and yard produce 2 COSY neo- Georgian character, which contrasts with the foimsl limestone rows on either side of the house.

NOS. 528-550. This row of twelve two-story townhouses #as built in 1302 for l'tilliam Y. Reynolds and was designed by Prooklyn architect Benjamin DrieSler. Full-height curved bays alternate with three-sided ones, a device which lends variety and creates a certain rather attractive agitation at the skyline. There is a pronounced cleavage in this blockfront where No. 526, the darker-colored neo- Georgian house, separates the two Ion2 rows of houses, and it is interesting to note the subtle differences in these two rows. This row, although neo-Classical in style, retains in an occasional arched doorway or arched window at the second floor, a vestigial reminder of the earlier Roqanesque Revival style, an interesting fact when we consider that it is only three years older than the Renaissance row to the west. Otherwise it is quite similar to that row, with its ornate cornices and carved panels beneath the windows. .4n exception is YO. 540, which displays neo-French Renaissance ogival arches at the parlor floor windows. The end house, No. 550, exhibits a terminal feature found in many other rows in the Park Slope mea. a square bay carried forward to Teet the line of the corner apartment house.

~~Nos. 552-564 is a large six story corner apartnent house described under P!o. 131 Prospect Park "est. I~~

~~"!nnrlTf+ SIDE (NOS. 511-583) -, i~~

~~(The corner apartment !louse, on Eighth Avenue, just west of No. 511, is , outside of the Historic District.)~~

7'0s. 511-537. These eight apartment houses, which were designed for eizht- family occupancy, were bequn in 1904 for John !'ilson and were designed by Brooklyn architect lfenry Pohlman. TIiey are four stories hirh and have full-keiqht swell- fronts on either side of the entranceways. They have Flernsh bond buff-colored brickwork trimmed with limestone above smooth limestone first floors, and their detail accords well with that of the houses across the street. Basically neo- ceorqian in style, they have splayed window lintels with keystones and typical modillioned cornices at the second floors. The arched windows with keystones at the top floors, and the curved cornices above theswrll-fronts give the buildings an undulating rhythm. Straight low stoops approach the doorways, which are enframed by pilasters supporting carved entablatures.

r:o. 541 is an impressive and dignifier! brownstone apartment house bequn in 1905 for J.E. i!oecker and nlso designed by Brooklyn architect lIenry Pohlnan. It is rlso four stories high with swell-fronts on either side of the entranceway, but it is quite different in character from the row to the west. Here, the first floor is rusticated and the central second floor windows of the swell-fronts display, handsome triangular pediments with carved tympana. The central windows above these have arched pediments with carving, and the top floor has arched windows with carved keystones. The wide central doorway is flanked by Ionic columns supporting a simple entablature, which, in turn, supports a series of small richly-enfrawd stair windows at the floors above it. These windows are set at different levels from those at the sides. All of these elements give the building an air of elegrince 2nd a sense of verticality, enhanced by a raised section of cornice above the central entrance.

Nos. 545 nnd 547 sre two small brick houses linked across a central accessway by an arch, with wrouzht iron gates, lesdin? to garages. They were built in 1Q22 for &dele Hoecker and were designed by the !fanhattan architectural firq of Scott E Prescott. They have Flemish bond brick walls, one-story bays, and lmr stoops with stepped brick wing-walls. The second floors have triple windows with rooflets above them.

-1?5- "os. 553-571 is a row of Five a!)artqent houses renarkably similar to the row e, to the idest, although somewhat more orrlate. They ivere built in 1909 for George F. :leini and were desicnecl by Crooklyn architect Arthur Koch. All but one have full- heinlit, swell-fronts on either side of the doorways, echoed by the undulatinq rhvthm at thc skyline. These apartment houses are wider than thosw in the row to the sicst, with the exceFtion of :lo. 571, which wir.s built orl the nnrower end lot. It has only one srjell-front bay, set to thc left of the doorway. All these buildinns arc constructed of' the sainc material and are executed in t!ie same neo-Georyian style. They were built five ye;?rs later than the row to the west and have square- headed winJows, instead of round-arched ones, at tlie top floors. Thev all have splayed Flat arches with keystones, riith swans adorninz the !:eystones at the first floors. The doorways are arched and have carved ornament in the tppnna. They are Flanked by tall, fluted colums, which extend nbove the arches to meet the lines of the cornices crowriino the rusticate1 first floors. These cornices are carried out over the colurins and support a finini centered above each column. The handsopie wrought iron and Plass double doors and the door cn*ramements, including the ornamental tppam in the arches and the rusticated voussoirs enfrarin!: them, all show the influcnce of French Gcaux (Irts dcsiqn, so prevalent at the turn-of- the-century. The mndows of the stairways, ahove the doorways, do not alim with the winctows on either siJe of thcri and have been vertically enfra:ned in pairs. The low bottom window, above the doorway, has been enhanced by lanki in,^ scrolls, which, hchind the finigls above the columns, create n visual enseible. Flemish bond brickwork and R hanc!some modiilioned roof cornice, lend ~urt11c.r~listinction to tliis fine row.

~~YO. 573-58.3 is a lave corner 2partment house, descrihed under No. 125 "rospect Park ':est.~~

~~***~~

~~:!IT!' YTIIEZT- Fetween Eilhth Avenue E Prospect Park Vest~~

This wide street, the equal in width of tlie north-south avenues, has n re- marksble quality o: openness, not only due to its breadth, but also to the low row houses on either sic!e of it. After one passes the line of hiqh apartment houses frontin!: on the park, n quality of repose and serenity, enhanced by a gentle undul tio on at the cornice line, becones evi?ent on this almost purely neo-Classical street. The light color of t!ie linestone and the uniformity of the facades give a new turn-of-the-century aspect to this sunny street, R comprehensive feeling of town-planning is becoming evident here, in contrast to the charninE picturesqueness oc sole of the streets developed in the 1830s and 1G90s, in which 4iversity was considered the nost desirable quality. Another Tractor contributing to this uni- fornity was the development of loneer and lonzer rows. RS it became evident that ereater economy was achieved in builtling the-. Like those on Ei.ghth Ftreet, these neo-Classical rows reflect thc influence of the Chicago Fair of 1893. This street is unusual in having a teruinal feature at the point where it dead ends at the Park. Centered at the end of the street, in the Park. is a inonunent to General Lafayette by Daniel Chester French, with arch tectural enfrmement by !lenry Bacon. It was univeiled in 1917.

~~S'WTII SIDE (;'OS. 526-572~~

~~(The six two-story houses west of Vo. 526 are outside of the ;iistoric 3is- trict .)~~

>]os. 526-538. This row of seven houses idas built in 1C94-95 for T. Kilty and NINTH STREET Between Eiehth Avenue F; Prospect Park "lest was desiped by architect Georee !V. nelkus. These three-story, brownstone-fronted houses have a severely rectilinear quality, with their flush fronts, square- headed windows and doors and horizontal bandcourses under the windows at each floor. This diqnified severity is relieved by the round-arched openinys which occur at the first floors of Nos. 526 and 534 only, and by the bracketed roof cornices with paneled fascias of all the houses. !ligh stoops, with nought iron handrailings, lead directly to the double entrance doors with transoqs. This is the only row in this blockfront w!iich has fhsh facades.

Nos. 540-552. These three-story, multi-fmily, brownstone buildinvs give the appearance of single-family townhouses. They were built in 1SSG for Charles Hart and were designed by Brooklyn architect Thomas F. Carroll. Their high, straight stoops lead up to glazed double doors. Here, we again find the alternating curvcd and three-sided full-height bays that are so prevalent in this area of the flistoric District. The theme of wide horizontal bands between the windows is continued here, with carved panels set in the width of the band beneath the second-floor ba:. windows. The most notable ornament is to be found at the doorways, where engaged colunns support dentiled entablatures. The roof cornices with modillions and the richly ornamented friezes are surmounted by very low paneled parapets, an unusual feature. Many of the elegant iron handrailings and newel posts remain at the StOODS.

Nos. 554-572 is a row of ten houses built in 1902 for Philip Jung and de- siRned by Brooklyn architect Thomas CnyelharJt. They are two stories high and make a break at roofline with the three-story buildings to the west. Veo-Classical in design, they are remarkably similar to the houses across the street, which were designed by another architect. The pattern of alternately curved and three-sided bays is interrupted only at the west end, where the bay is two-sided, with its wide front carried over to meet the line of the sow to the west. The windows are all square-headed, with the exception of a few which are arched, above the doorways. Yost of the arched windows are simply set in the smooth front walls, but those at Nos. 554 and 568 have delicate drip moldings carried around the outer profile of the voussoirs, a reminiscence of the Romanesque Revival. Richly ornamented bas- relief panels are introduced in the wide bandcourse beneath the second-floor windows of some of the houses. The individual roof cornices are supported by widely- snaced modillions and have ornanental friezes beneath them. I!igh stoops, alter- natingly straight or L-shaped, have solid masonry wing-walls.

~~(The corner buildings at Prospect Park llest, just east of No. 572, are outside of the Historic District.)~~

~~NORTII FIDE (NOS. 519-577)~~

~~(The corner apart,sent house on Eighth Avenue, just west of No. 519, is outsic!.: of the Historic District .)~~

Nos. 519-543. This row of thirteen identical neo-Italian Renaissance houses w3s built in 1908-09 for Louis Levy and was designed by Erooklyn architect Thomas Bennett. These houses are only two stories high, with full-height curved bays. The smooth limestone is enriched by fluted pilasters between the square-headed windows of the bays, by the doorways with their engaged colunns supportin8 ornate entablatures, and by the carved panels beneath the windows in the bays. High L- shaped stoops approach the doorways, and the houses are crowned by individual slieet- metal roof cornices, with swags in the frieze and console brackets for support. rhese houses are practically identical to those back-to-back to then, Nos. 502-524 Eighth Street, which were built by the s2me owner and designed by the same architect.

Nos. 545-567. This row of twelve two-story limestone townhouses was built in 1902-03 for William I!. Reynolds and was designed by Brooklyn architect Benjamin Driesler. Full-height, curved bays alternate with three-sided ones, a device which lends variety and produces a rather attractive agitation at the skyline. This row, although neo-Italian Renaissance in style, retains vestigial reminders of the earlier Romanesque Revival style in its occasional arched doorways 2nd arched second floor windows. The houses have ornate cornices and displPy carved psnels

~~-127- PS-HD~~

~~NINTH STREET Between Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park l'rest~~

and bandcourses beneath some of the windows. No. 553 displays neo-French Renais- sance ogival arches at the parlor floor windows. These houses were built for the sane owner and designed by the same architect as the ones back-to-back with them, NOS. 528-550 8th Street. Like them, they were begun in 1902, and only minor differences in the ornament prevent their being described as identical.

~~No. 569-577, the four-story corner apartment house, is described under No. 140 Prospect Park !lest.~~

~~***~~

~~TENTH STREET~~

~~TENTH STREET Between Eighth Avenue 6 Prospect Park Nest~~

This almost unaltered residential block presents an interesting variety and has its own distinctive character, derived from the overall aspect of many short rows with flush fronts, punctuated only here and there by rows or houses with two-story bays. High basements and L-shaped stoops characterize many of the houses. Some extraordinary yard railings on the south side of the street lend interest as does the wide variety of architectural detail. Certain of these houses retain their original paving blocks in the sidewalk, adding character to the street.

~~SQUTH SIDE (NOS. 642-708)~~

(The three residences and the corner apartment house on Eighth Avenue, to the west of No. 642, are all outside of the Historic District.) No. 642. This distinctive two-story brownstone house, approached by an L- shaped stoop, was built by owner-builder Thomas Brown in 1895 and was designed by Manhattan architect Paul F. Iiiggs. It is a bold statement of the Romanesque Re- 'vival. !4ith its full-height, three-sided bay, it displays a combination of stone textures- rough-faced verticals between the windows and smooth-faced horizontals above and below them. The doorway with its three-light transom has some interesting carved detail, and the three bands of billet moldinp; at the roof cornice are unusual, but most expressive of the style. The L-shaped stoop of brownstone, with its smooth-faced perforated wing-walls, displays some handsome foliate ornament.

Fos. 644-652. These five houses were built in 1887-88 by owner-builder Thomas Brown. Brooklyn architect Charles iJerner designed them. Here, varying design features are evident above the rather uniform first and second floors- No. 644 has a mansard roof with pedimented dormer windows; No. 646 has always had R full third story, quite similar to the floors below; No. 648 has a full third floor with arched windows and a stepped gable, seemingly of later. date; Nos. 650- 652 are twins, with dentiled cornices and dentiled triangular pediments set above the two right-hand windows, and with low rectanqular windows cut in the fascia boards. The handsome cast iron railines display a wealth of foliate forms set in gothic arches,' and this design continues east to No. 672. .I Nos. 654-664 is a row of six brownstone houses, built by owner-builder "jilliam Brown, and designed by Brooklyn architect W. M. Coots in 1887. These two and one-half story houses are unified in design and are treated in an unusual manner at the top floor level. The rough-faced stonework of the basement and of the window lintels, contrasting with the smooth walls, is somewhat similar to that of the houses to the west. The cornice slab over the doorway, with sinulated balcony above it, is supported on high grooved brackets. The unusual feature of this row is the most unconventional top half-story, where R mini-balustrade takes the place

~~-128- PS-M~~

TENTH STREET Between Eiphth Avenue & Prospect Park "'est of a cornice, while low attic windows piercing the fascia have striking sunburst oanels between them. A higher window at the center is crowned by a dentiled pediment, the ends of which meet the top of the balustrade. The pediment is CrowEd by an acroieria motif. A full top story, with stepped parapet, was a later addition at No. 654.

NOS. 666-672. These four brownstone houses were also desizned by Brooklyn architect !8. M. Coots for owner-builder t"i1liam Brown, but one year later, in 1888. They differ from his row to the west only in being three stories hiRh and in having full top stories which are quite similar to the floors below. Their dipified rectangularity is enhanced principally by tlie foliate yard railings and by the bracketed roof cornices which are broken slightly forward on the left side to sirnalize the doorways below them. Basement entrances have been provided at Nos. 666 and 670.

No. 674, located almost at the center of the blockfront, is a three-story individual townhouse built in 1894 for John Thatcher and designed for him by the well-known Manhattan architect I"i1liam B. Tubby. Yith its two-story, three-sided bay, it interrupts and contrasts with the flush-faced fronts of the rows on either side of it. A rather severe example of neo-French Renaissance architecture, it represents a great contrast to Tubby's rather picturesque Rommesque Revival work on Lincoln Place off Eighth Avenue. Limestone extends to the second story windowsill, and brick is used for tlie top two floors. The high, narrow windows of the twC- story bay accent its verticality. The stone transop bars of the Farlor floor windows and doorway, the paneled pilasters flankin)! the main entrance, and the second floor arched window keyed to the brickwork, are indicative of the style, although the roof ccrnice with its dentils and console brackets is more nearly classical in character. A high L-shaped stoop, with stone scrolls at the bottom, further enhances the individual character of this house.

?!os. 676-682. These four houses, built in 1888, are perfect examples of the neo-Grec style. They were designed by Brooklyn architect J.D. Reynolds and were built by owner-builders J. F. Ransom and P. S. Stevens. The heavy stone lintels with incised ornament over the main doorways, and the similar but smaller ones over the windo(9s at first and second floors, are designed in pedimental form and all have the characteristic Greek "ears". Crowning these two and one-half story houses are bold cornices with low windows just beneath then between the deep, paired brackets. No. 670 has had the attic floor raised to create a full third story. The overall effect of the houses is complemented by their original wrought iron yard railings, with curvilinear and foliate forms.

140s. 684-690. These four houses, built before 1890, form an effective group. The two center houses display high trianplar pediments, while the eastern house, with redimented dormer, has a subordinate character. The westernmost house, which has hsd a full-height top floor added, was presumably once similar to the easternmost creating n symmetrical group. These brownstones are Romanesque Revival in style, with rough-faced lintels and impost blocks at the first floors. They have corbel blocks supporting the window sills at the second floors. The original stained glass transoms over door and window remain at No. 686. High stoops with wrought iron railings approach the front doors in one straight run, and the handsome yard railings repeat the pointed arch pattern found in the western half of the blockfront.

Nos. 692-696. These three brownstone hcuses are perfect examples of a transitional style. Neo-Classical in their smooth-faced stonework, they are nevertheless replete with Ronanesque Revival carved ornament, done in a restrained manner and indicative of their date, 1888. They were built for Thomas Brown, the principal developer of this street, and were designed by the noted Brooklyn architectural fin of Parfitt Brothers. Three stories high, they form a fine terminal accent for this blockfront; their three-sided, two-story bays contrast with the flush-faced rows of houses to the west. The sheetmetal roof cornices, with their Earlands and tassels, are neo-Classical in detail, while the yard railings, handrailings and newel posts at the stoops continue the pointed arch foliate pattern of the houses to the west. TENT'!_____ STREET Between Eiqhth Avenue 4 Prospect Park '"est

~~No. 698-708. This large four-story brick apartment house, wit!i towers at the corners and an entrance on 10th Street, is described under No. 152 Prospect Park 1,lest.~~

~~7dqQT'r SIDE (NOS. 631-693)~~

Nos. 631-641. The four low Romanesque Revival townhouses and the hifh adjoining neo-Classical corner house, althouEh different in appearance, were all begun in 1S94 by owner-builder Thomas Brown, the principal developer of this street. These houses were designed by architect Paul Hiygs. No. 631-633, the three-story comer house on Eighth Avenue, has a snoot11 stone facade with a full-height, three- sided bay facing Tenth Street; an L-shaped stoop leads up to the front door. The Eighth Avenue side is of brick and has another full-heizht three-sided bay at the rear. The heavy roof cornice, carried on console brackets, extends along both of these sides. The cnly notable ornament is to be found in the carved blocks supporting a small horizontal cornice at the head of the parlor floor windows facing Tenth Street. The four Roinanesque Revival houses adjoining !!o. 631-633 to the east are two and one-half stories high. Rey have arched ovenings at the first floors and, in alternate houses, also at the second floors. The low attic floors have small square windows set in the fascias of the roof cornices. For variety, ?Jos. 635 and 639 each have a pair of tiny arched windows in the fascia. I?andsome ornamental panels, above dentiled string courses, separate the attic windows at Nos. 637 and 641.

Nos. 643-649 is 2 >ow of four late Romanesque Revival houses, built in the early 1830s. They are all approached by L-shaped stoops with solid masonry wing- walls and have an alternatinv ABAR design pattern. The ''fi houses, NOS. 643 and 647, have square headed windows at the top floors. the "R' houses have arched windows at the top floors and low arches above paired windows to the left of the first floor arched entrances: semi-engnged colonettes fill the wall spaces beneath the springs of the arches. All the houses have separate but sipilar cornices, with small closely spaced corbels. The principal ornament is to be found in panels under the first floor windows and in the checkerboard bandcourses beneath the windows of the upper floors.

Yos. 651-661. These six houses were built in 1390 by owner-builder Thomas Srown, with Crooklyn architect ''!.hi. Coots as designer. They use the sane cornices as the houses to the west, and, like then, are late Romanesque *.evival in style. There is an underlying symnetry in this row of three-story brownstones, which, except for detail, follows a basically ABMW pattern. The "A ' houses have square- headed openings and smooth-faced walls. The ! I) houses have arched parlor floor windows and also have arched doorways with deep keystones, which suport corbeled shelves serving as extensions to the sills of the second floor windows. Above the spring of the first floor arched openinrs at the 'er*houses, a systen of narrow, rough-faced bandcourses alternates with the smooth stonework and lends considerable texture and interest to these openinp. The houses are all avproached by hiqh L-shaved stoops with low wrouqht iron handrailings.

Yos. 667-667. These three brownstone houses were also built by owner- builder Thomas Brown, but in 1889. Very sipilar to the rows to the east, they are three stories high and introduce two-story three-sided hays which contrast with the flush-fronted rows to the west. They are transitional in style, displayin? Roman- esque Revival elements of design, such as checkerboard panels beneath the narlor =loor windows, rouRh-fzced voussoirs above them and iron crestinns at the tops of the bays. Classical elements include the pediments over the doorways, which are linked visually with the fluted corbels at the sills of the windows above them, and the swap and dentils ar the friezes of the roof cornices.

VOS. 669-681. These :;even three-story houses are quite similar to NOS. 663-667, with the exceFtion of certain minor details. They were also begun in 1869 and were constructed by owner-builder Thomas Brown, who retained the Manhattan architectural firm of I!ig~s& Rooke to design this row. Here, the two-story, three- sided bays are also crowned by iron crestings, but the doorways have rouyh-faced

~~- 231)- PS-IID~~

~~TTWIi STREET__ Between Eighth Avenue F, Prospect park !''est~~

~~Stone voussoirs with keystones in lieu of low pediments.~~

No. 683 is an individual three-story brownstone townhouse built by owner- builder James PlcLaren in 1896. Like the rows to the west, it has n classical roof cornice with swags and a two-story, three-sided bay surmounted by iron crestings. The ornamented horizontal chamfers at the heads of the first and second floor lqindoiis are reminiscent of the rapidly fadirla Romanesque Revival, but the dentiled entablature of the doorway, supported on columns, is classical. 4n interesting feature above this entablature is the small panel flanked by scrolls, which is Surmounted by a cornice-slab serving as a sill for the window above. Zn L-shaped stoop with stone newel posts approaches this handsome dcorwny.

~~No. 685 is a vacant lot.~~

Nos. 687-693. This row of four three-story houses was built in 1888 by owner-builders Assip and Suckley and i~nsdesifped by Brooklyn architect !!.PI. Coots. All four of these modified Romanesque Revival houses have two-story, three-sided bays, which terminate in metal cornices that extend across the width of each facade. Above this level, a picturesque roofline is created by mansard roofs, large double dormer windows crowned by peaked roofs, and small single dormer windows above the doorways. The main entrances to these houses are flanked by delicate colonettes crowned by seEmenta1 arches above the doorways. The Eraceful curve of these arches is repelted above the central parlor floor windows of the bays, where arched drip noldings create a rhythmic pattern. The original double doors, with small square mnels in the lower half and stained glass transom above, are still intact at three of the houses. Handsome L-shaped stoops, with striking lunettes in the walls facin? the street, lend character to these fine houses.

~~(The apartment house to the east of No. 693 is outside of the Historic District .)~~

~~***~~

~~ELEVENTH STREET~~

~~ELEVEI!TI-! STREET Between Eighth Avenue F, Prospect Park P!est~~

The overal appearance of this attractive street is one of sma 1-scaled residmtial buildings well balanced on both sides. There is an interesting contrast between rows with flush-fronts and rows with bays. The north side displays a variety of styles, whereas the south side houses, so similar to those on Ninth Street, are singularly uniforn with the exception of the four-story brick apartment houses at the eastern end of the block. The houses were built to provide dignified dwellings for persons of moderate means, and the overall effect they produce is that of an extremely cohesive neighborhood.

~~SWTH SIDE (NOS. 584-646)~~

~~(The corner apartment house on Eighth Avenue, and the five houses to the west of No. 584, are all outside of the t!istoric District.)~~

Nos. 584-614. This long tw,.-story row of fifteen neo-Italian Renaissance brownstone houses was begun by owner-builder Thomas F. Martin in 1697, with the ex- cention of the end houses, Nos. 610 and 612-614, which were begun by him in 1896. The designer has varied the full-height bays from round to three-sided, but they do not alternate, as was so often the case. Here, three pairs of three-sided bay houses appear near the center of the row, alternating with single curved-bay houses. No. 534, has a two-sided bay extended forward to meet the row of five ELEVENTH STREET Between Eighth Avenue F, Prospect Park ?!est houses to the west of it, as was so often done in the Park Slope area. L-shaped e, stoops with low wing-walls, arched ct the bottom, lead up to the doorways. Some have low iron railings on top of the wing-walls, while others do not. The doorways have ornamented pilasters supporting deep brackets, which carry the cornice slabs above carved panels. Carved panels appear beneath all the windows in the bays, and the sheetmetal roof cornices have dentils above their ornamental friezes. Aside from these ornamental features, the front walls are all of smooth-faced stonework. The only vestigial remains of the Romanesque Revival style may be seen in the rough-faced lintels above the windows. No. 612-614 has an alleyway, east of the house, leading to a carage at the back of the property.

Nos. 618 (616-620) and 624 (622-626) are two similar four-story brick apartment houses of yellowish brick. They were built in 1912 for the Kessan Realty Company and were designed by Brooklyn architect Axel S. Hedman. At the upper floors, they have central bays, four windows wide, flanked by end bays with single triply- divided windows. The arched entranceways have fluted pilasters on either side, and the buildings are crowned by parapets stepped up above the central bays. The removal of what were probably pitched rooflets, in front of the central parapets, may still be discerned in the smooth stucco covering at No. 624.

~~(Nos. 628 and 630 have been omitted from the street numbering system.)~~

Nos. 632 and 634 are a pair of very similar apartment houses. No. 632 was built in 1903 for I'lil1,iam H. Johnson and designed by Brooklyn architect George F. Roosen. Although they are only four stories high, full-height curved bays, flanking the central entrances, give the facades a pronounced sense of verticality and height. They have itone-faced first floors, rusticated at No. 632, and are brick above, with horizontal stone bandcourses above the windows serving as lintels at No. 634. Their boldly projected cornices supported on console brackets, with dentils and ornamental friezes below, and the pedimented doorway at No. 632, are neo-Classical features. The entrances are approached directly by low stoops.

No. 636. Built as a three-story neo-Federal two-family dwelling in 1920 for Louis A. Rosenstein, this building was designed by Brooklyn architect M.A. Cantor. At the right of this all-brick building is an entrance doorway with vertical console brackets supporting a cornice slab. In the center is a paired window, and to the left is a driveway entrance closed by a wrought iron gate. Above the first floor, two tiers of shallow three-sided bay windows occupy most of the front; they are recessed in openinzs in the wall and are surmounted by panels with escutcheons draped with swags. These panels break the top line of the brick parapet. Interesting brickwork panels between the bays nnd blind arches above them enliven this facade.

NO. 642-645. This is the entrance side of the four-story corner apartment house, No. 162-153 Prospect Park West. This brick building was erected for "Jillinm ?+urphy in 1903 and w.zs designed by the architectural firm of Pohlmann E Patrick. It is remarkable in that the brickwork is laid up through all four . floors in a simulated rustication above a rough-faced stone basement. Horizontal stone bandcourses are carried through at every floor at windowsill level, and broader bandcourses at the third and fourth floors serve as impost blocks, for the window lintels at the third floor and for the arches at the top floor. A modest cornice, carried on closely-spaced console brackets, crowns the building. The entrance on Eleventh Street has a shallow porch, supported by columns and surmounfed by a low balustrade with urns at the corners. An angular comer bay is complemented by very sh,illow swell-front bays set near the ends of the two facades. The narrower Prospect Park West facade is similar in all details to the one on Eleventh Street, except for having a rusticated limestone facing at the first floor in lieu of brickwork.

~~NORTH SIDE (NOS. 583-653)~~

~~(The four-story brick apartment house on the corner, to the west of No. 583, is outside of the Eistoric District.)~~

~~-132- ---ELEVENTF! - - __STREET - Eetween Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park !!est~~

~~(No. 581 has been omitted froq the street nunbering systen.)~~

NOS.. 583-591, a row of five two-story Romanesque Revival houses, was built before 1898. They form an AgABA pattern. The ''8'' houses have arched doorways, with the carved arch supported on triple colonettes at each side. TO the left of this doorway, an unusually wide plate glass arched window with keystone provides a dramatic accent. At the second floor, above the doorway, R small pseudo-balcony, Flanked by scrolls, is set directly beneath a single second-story window. The TOOf cornice, typical of all those in the row, is supported on closely-spaced Console brackets, with foliate ornament in the frieze below it. An unusual feature of the Cornice is the end bracket separating each house, as it is carried up well above the Cornice line and capped with a small arched section. The '2' houses have square-headed windows. The mullions and jambs of those ai the first floor display carved Jonic scroll motifs at top and bottom. As at the "B" houses, the dOOrwaYS have small balconies zt?ove them: Iicre they rest on heavy lintel blocks, which, in turn, are supported by narrow end brackets. There is also an interesting frond- like carving at each end of the rouqh-faced second-floor window lintels. High stoops with rounh-faced stone sidewalls are surmounted by low iron railings, except at No. 587.

Nos. 593-603. Contrasting with the flush-fronted row to the west, this two- story row, with full-height, shallow, three-sided bays, was erected in 1889. It was built by owner-builder llillinm Brown, the developer of some sf Tenth Street, includinp the houses directly behind these, which were desiped for him by Brooklyr. architect !''. F!. Coots, also the dcsigner of this TOW. These six houses, with square- headed openings, have oripinal details, which do not specifically relate to any one style: the stilted, rough-faced stone work, which includes the flat arches of first and second floor windows;'the triangular pediments above the doorways, carried on shallow brackets; and the unusual bracketed cornice with fm-shaped and diagonal ornament in its panels. This row again repeats the handsome iron yard railings with Gothic arch and floral design so conspicuous onthe south side of Tenth Street. High straight stoops, with wrought iron handrailings, lead up to the doorways of '0 this interesting row. :{OS. 605-611. These four rectilinear flush-fronted brownstone houses, reminiscent of the neo-Grec style, were built in 1891 by owner-builder F. 0. Peterson. The heavy enframements of the windows to the left of the front doors are two stories in height, giving the suggestion of bays. Straight stoops with iron handrailings lead up to double doors, which are sheltered by thin cornice slabs carried on pilasters with brackets. Small incised rosettes and other carvings appear at the window lintels. 110. 607 retains its original paneled wood doors, glazed at thc top. The delicate roof cornices of these houses are most unusual, and although the detail is actually neo-Grec, it lacks the bold quality we generally associate with that style. The yard railings at these houses have closely spaced fleur de lys finials.

Nos. 613-623. Although these brownstone houses are only two stories high, like their flush-fronted neighbors to the west, they appear higher. due to the verticality of their three-sided, full-height bays. (No. 621, with a curved bay, is the only exception.) They were built in 1892-93 for Charles G. Peterson. Their bold, dentiled cornices, supported on closely-spaced brackets, and their smooth- faced stonework are neo-Classical in character. However, as is often the case In the Park Slope area, the lower portions of the houses display lingering traces of the Romanesque Revival. Here, these include the rough-faced masonry stoops and bands of sxonework beneath the parlor floor windows. Nos. 621 and 623 have handsome stained glass transoms above the parlor floor windows.

NO. 625. mis three-story, Romanesque Revival linusz c,F ?i-,estone was built in the late 1890s and was occupied by John D. Datherdato. Except for the fact that it hes an L-shaped stoop, its basement and first two floors are almost exactly similar to those at No. 621 in the row to the west. The curved bay is only two stories high, but this house is surmounted by a handsome third floor with arched windows. It is crowned by a classical roof cornice, which is also remarkably similar to I those in the row to the west.

~~(No. 627 has been omitted from tne street numbering system.)~~

~~-133- PS-Ho~~

~~ELEVVfNTII STREET Between Eighth Avenue E Prospect Park !'est~~

h!os. 629-639. This row of six Romanesque Revival houses was begun in 3901 for Thomas C. Van Pelt sncl was designed by Broo!clyn architect Thomas Bennett. The houses are set above terrxes with I.-shaped stoops, and a rhythmical continuity is achieved by the series of arched openings,separated by pilasters, at the first floor. A projecting stone transom bar runs continuously through all the arches and provides a cap for the intermediate pilasters. 'Rough-faced stone bandcourses serve as lintels for the second floor windows, giving further unity to the row. The classical cornice, not unlike those of the houses to the west, persists here. The first floor is of rough-faced stonework, laid up in narrow bands 2bove the arche? of the windows; the upper floors are of Roman brick.

~~(No. 641 has been omitted from the street numbering system.)~~

~~No. 643-653 is a four-story corner apartment house of brick, with an entrance on Eleventh Street, described under 161 Prospect Park IVest.~~

~~***~~

~~T" 'E LFTI STR F ET~~

~~.-T'qELFTH .STREET Between Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park ''est~~

Like Eleventh Street, this street is almost level between Prospect Park West and Eighth Avenue, starting its westward slope on the far side of the Avenue. It is primarily a street of three-and four-story apartment houses, except on the south side, which has a lony row of two-story family residences. 'lany of the streets in the southern part of Park Slope have apartment houses at the eastern or Par!; end of the street. Some of these are quite interesting architecturally, havinp: a distinctly European character. A good example here is "The '"aldorf", at the southwest corner of Prospect Park Vest and Twelfth Street. Since P!illiam Musgrave Calder (1869-1945) was the designer and developer of so many of the houses on this street, it is interesting to note that he started his career as a carpenter's apprentice, studying nights at Cooper Union, and that he became Commissioner of Buildings for the Borough of Brooklyn (1902-03), the New York State Representative to Congress (1905-15) and U.S. Senator (1917-23). His father, hlexander G. Calder, developed practically all of the major residential rows on Thirteenth Street.

~~S'WTH SIDE (NOS. 464-528)~~

~~No. 468 (464-472) is a four-story brick apartment house, entered on Twelfth Street, which is described under No. 1201 Eighth Avenue.~~

Nos. 474-482 are a row of five apartment houses, built in 1899-1900 for James Jack, and designed by Brooklyn architect Thomas Bennett. Although they are only four stories high, their full-height curved bays, flanking the central entrances Five theappearance of great verticality and height. The facades of Nos. 478-482 are of buff-colored brick, with horizontal stone bandcourses servinq as irpost , blocks for all the window lintels, while Xos. 474 and 476 are of Eray brick. The boldly projecting, curved roof cornices supported on console brackets, with dentils and ornamental friezes below, echo the curved bays and thus enhance the undulating rhythm which characterizes these facades. The entrances are all approached by low stoops with masonry wing-walls. The building at the eastern end of the row, PO. 482, is considerably narrower than the others and has only one curved bay, which is located to the right of the entrance. These apartment houses are remarkably similar to Nos. 632 and 634 on Eleventh Street.

~~-134- -__T'CLFTII STKEET Retween Liqhth Avenue 8 Prospect Park Vest~~

bs. 484-514. This lonz row of sixteen favily residences was built €or James Jack. It was constructed by Brooklyn architect-builder f'rilliam11. Calder. QJS. 43?-514, nearest the park, were begun in lags, while Nos. 484-492, to the west of them, were begun the following year. These small but dignified stone-faced houses are all two stories high and have three-sided ant1 curved full-height bays, ihich are varied in no particular pattern. They are basically neo-Italian yenaissnnce in style, distinguished by the stone-carving of the pilasters and entablatures of their entrance doorways and by the ornamental panels under the windows The parlor floor wipdows of the bays, a few of which are round-arched, are divided by pilasters, which represent a wide range of orders, at many of the houses. There is variety, but no discernable pattern, in the facine materials. brownstone, limestone and greenstone. Reminders of the rapidly fading Romanesque Revival Style are still to be found in the arched second floor windows above the doorwavs Of some of the houses, as well as in the arched doorways and those converted to windows at Nos. 496, 500, 506 and 510. Those flanked by slender colonettes, NOS. 486 and 502, and that at Wo. 494, with stilted top enframemerlt carried on an ornamental bandcourse, are also reminders. The roof cornices are non-continuous and are expressive of the individual houses, with frieze dcsigns of swags at the three-sided bays and foliate ornament Pt the curved bays. 'The 1598 houses RTe anproached by L-shaped stoops, whereas those built in 1899 have straight stoops. Sasement entrances have been provided at >:os. 500, 504 and 506.

Nos. 516 and 518 are two brick apmtment houses which are quite similar to Nos. 474-482, at the western end of the street, except that they are three stories hieh and have slightly different doorways. They were bemn in 1302 for John rtlilson and were desimed by the architectural firm of Pohlmzn E Partrich.

NO. 524 (520-528), ',The !!nldorf' , is a four-story apartment house with rustiwted limestone first floor and basenent. It was built in 1903 for J. Niebel and was designed by architect-builder I:. Pasquale Forte. It is neo-Italian "enaissance in style and has quite a continenral flavor. Its handsome entrance porch with paired columns and its frieze at the roof cornice, interrupted by terra cotta cartouches, are manifestations of the style. It also bears the numbers 170-171 ProsTect Park Vest.

~~HQRT!I SIDE (NOS. 467-527)~~

~~No. 467-471 is a four-story brick apartment house with corner tower and with store at ground floor, described under No. 1123 Eighth Avenue.~~

~~No. 473-477. (No. 475 has been omitted from the street nrmbering svstea.) This is a one-story store occupying the former rear yard of No. 1123 Eighth Avenue.~~

VOS. 479-485 is a row of four brick apartment houses built by owner-builder '31illiamY. Calder in 1901 and designed for him by architect Thomas Eennett. These four-story brick buildings, with full-height curved bays, are quite similar to the apartment houses on the south side, Nos. 474-482, built for James Jack and also desiqned by Bennett. They differ principally in that the stone bandcourses are aligned with the window lintels and that the top floor windows have stilted segmental arches of rough-faced stone with the iqpost blocks forming a bandcourse. The frie&e of the roof cornice displays curvilinear ornament.

Nos. 437-491. These three two-family brick apartment houses were built for E. J. Norris in 1892 and were designed by Brooklyn architect 4. V. B. Norris. Qnly three stories high, they are conspicuously low in this blockfront and are approached by low stoops. The arched entrnnceways, with roueh-faced stonework crowned by drip rnoldines and keystones, are reminiscent of Romanesque Revival prototypes' the splayed flat arches of the windows, also with keystones, and the dentiled roof cornices are more nearly derived from Georgian prototypes. The blinJ single windows nhove the entrances are unusunl but maintaln the symiwtry of tbese facades.

~~-135- --.-'r"lELFT:I STREET Between Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park "'est~~

Nos. 493-501. These five eioht-fanily apartment houses, like Nos. 479-485, 0, were built in 190: by owner-builder Yillian 3. CRlder with Frooklyn architect Thomas Bennett. They are strikingly similar to them, with the exception that, here, the windows at the top floor have i? simple horizontal stone bandcourse serving as window lintels. The boldly projecting neo-Classical cornices have been removed at Nos. 497, 499 and 501, exposing the underlying brickwork, which has been capped by a thin line of coping.

Nos. 503-505 and 507-509 are two broad-fronted yellowish brick apartment houses, fcgr stories high. They are the newest buildings in the blockfront, havinz been built in 1915-16 for the Alivon Realty Company, and were designed by Brooklyn architect W. T. HcCarthy. Each building has sixteen apartments. The ground floors, with their broad arched doorways, limestone bases, and balusters beneath the windows, hzve an air of conservatism. They contrast with the merely playful character of the upper floors, where tiers of triple windows, at each side, are flanked by brick pilasters and crowned by gables, in a manner generally reminiscent of French Contemporary work. Since these two buildings sit right up to the front lot line, they have a very prominent position as seen along the blockfront.

Nos. 511 and 513 are n pair of four-story apartment houses which are remarkably similar to Nos. 474-482, on the south side, the first of this type to be built on this street. One of them, No. 513, was built in 1900-01 by the same architect, Thomas Bennett, for a different owner, Thomas Van Pelt; No. 511 was begun in 1903 for William H. Johnson and was designed by George Roosen of Brooklyn. It is interesting to note how certain building types, such as this o-~~e,with its full-height pair of curved bays, becarre so popular with owners and architects that they did'not hesitate to make almost literal copies from the originals. Here, the only najor differences from those originals are in the limestone first floors and in the details of the doorways. The difference in appearance between these two buildings is primarily due to the use of light, orange colored brick at No. 511 and brown brick at No. 513, the introduction of rustication at the first floor of No. 511, and certain minor differences at the window lincels.

IJos. 515-519. These three two-story townhouses are conspicuously the lowest buildings on this blcckfront but corresTond in height to the long row across the street. Oespite the reinarkable sinilerity of these three houses, the two nearest the Park, Nos. 517 and 519, were built first, in 1898-99, for George F. Cranford. They were designed, like so many of the apartment houses on this street, by Thomas Bennett. No. 515 was not built until 1910, for owner James Vlason, and was designed by Brooklyn architect Benjamin F. Hudson. Nos. 517 and 519 have full-height, three-sided bays; there is a curved bay at No. 515. In spirit they are neo- Classic::l, with roof cornices carried on console brackets, and with pedimented doorways at two of the houses. They are all approached by L-shaped stoops with masonry wing-walls. The arched windows in the parlor floor bay at No. 517 and the square-headed doorway with engaged columns at F!o. 519 are design elements seen in earlier houses built in the District.

No. 521-523 is 2 four-story brick apartment house, with limestone enframements at the first floor. It projects further toward the street than NOS. 515-519 and has two full-height, three-sided bays set on either side of a central doorway. The easternmost bay is further advanced to make the transition to the line of the corner apartment house, which stands up to the lot line on 12th Street. In its severe rectangularity 2nd in the detail at the cornice, this building is generally neo-Classical, with the exception of the stilted segmental-arched window lintels at the top floor.

~~No. 525-527, a four-story brick apartment house, has an entrance at Ho. 525 but is also entered at No. 166 Prospect Park Vest. It is described under No. 166-169 Prospect Park Vest.~~

*** 0'

~~-156- PS-I!D~~

~~THIRTEShTH__ - STREEX Retween Eighth Avenue 6 Prospect Park 'lest~~

This block is remarkable for its feeling of openness and for its character as a distinct neighborhood it is one of the few streets in the area which is lined on both sides by low, two-story houses, nost of which retain their original function as one-fanily residences. All the houses on both sides of the street have curved or three-sided full-height bays, in varyin! arrangements, giving them a rhythmical undulation at the cornice line. With a few exceptions at the ends of the street, these rows of late 19th century neo-Classical and neo-Renaissance residences vere developed by Alexander G. Calder, father of Brooklyn architect-builder Nilliam Musgrave Calder, who had developed so much of Twelfth Street and ijos. 490-502 on this street.

~~SOUTII SIDF (>]OS. 450-512]~~

These rows of basically neo-Classical houses have many features in common and extend alonz the entire length of the block. Survivals from the Romanesque Revival are the bands of rough-faced stonework beneath the parlor floor hindows. By contrast, all the houses have classical cornices, carried on console brackets, and many have swags in their friezes. All of the houses but b!os. 504-505 have straight stoops, and all retain their fine original iron handrailings and yard rr?ilings. Three types of stone facing are used in these rows, including limestone, brownstone and redstone; however, except in one of the TOWS, their use is quite at random.

No. 450-455 is the site occupied by the John !J. Kimball School (P.S. No. 107). This three-story, brick building, with playgrounds on both sides and to the east, is described under No. 1301-1323 Eighth Avenue. Nos. 460 and 462. These brownstones were built as a pair in 1897-98 by owner- cerpenter Alexander G. Calder and were designed by architect William PI. Calder. No. 460 has a full-height, terminal, two-sided bay, typical of the end buildin?s of the rows in the Park Slope area. It is neo-Italian Renaissance in certain of its details; its mate, No. 462, with full-height, curved bay, is nore nearly 11eo- Classical in its simplicity.

?!os. 464-482 form n row of ten houses with smooth wall surfaces and simply enframed doorways; the houses are very similar to Nos. 460 and 462. They were built for Alexander G. Calder in 1696 and were desiened by his son, Park Slope architect-builder llilliam M. Calder. The only exceptions to the rather severe neo-Classicism of this row are the doorways of Nos. 464, 470 and 478, which have Frencii Renaissance ornament at their upper halves. If house No. 464 were omitted from this row, an interesting symmetry would appear in an AABMAEM pattern, in which the "A" houses have three-sided bays and the "B" houses have curved bays. There is also a pattern of syimnetry in the facing stone used, whether brownstone, redstone or limestone.

Nos. 484-488. This little group of three brownstone houses has a three-sided bay house flanked by curved bay houses. They were begun in 1897 for Alexander G. Calder, with his son, William Fl. Calder, as architect-builder. The flankins houses are basically neo-Clossical in style, while the center house, b!o. 486, echoes the neo-Italian Renaissance design to be found across the street at Nos. 461-475.

Nos. 490-SO2 is a row of seven neo-Classical townhouses with alternating curved and three-sided bays. They were built in 1896-97 by owner-architect- builder 'dilliam PI. Calder. Here he has repeated the French Renaissance theme in the detail of the doorways of the curved bay houses. The house types are in regii- lar alternation.

Nos. 504 and 506 are a symmetrical pair of houses with full-height,curved bays: the entrances are paired together. Guilt in the 1890s, they are neo-Italian Renaissance in detail. At their arched doorways are bold console bracket keystones 0 su?porting the corbels beneath the windows of the second floor. There are pilasters

~~-137- PS-F!D~~

~~THIRTECNTH STREET Between Eiqhth Avenue & Prospect Park !’est at the parlor floor windows, beneath which are handsome bands of foliate ornamdnt.~~

~~No. 508-512 is the large four-story corner apartment house, which has an ’ entrance on Thirteenth Street and is described under tlo. 179 Prospect Park “lest.~~

~~FIORTH SIDE (NOS. 449-511)~~

All these houses are two stories high, with full-height bays, and are cromed by uniform cornices with varying details. The stoops are straight or L-shaped and many have their original handrailings. As on the south side of the street, the facing materials include brownstone, redstone and limestone. Vembers of the Calder family are again prominent as the developers, as they were on the south siue of the Street,

~~No. 451 (449-’53) is a four-story brick apartment house, entered on 13th Street. It is described under No. 1215 Eighth Avenue.~~

Nos. 455-459. These three houses may have been built a few years later than the rest of the rows on this street, as the easternmost of the three has 3 bay which has been swept forward in a curve to meet the two-sided terminal bay of the westernmost house of the adjoining row. All the bays are full-height. The curved one at No. 455 and the three-sided one at No. 457 are both set to the left of the doorways, leaving the doorways of Nos. 457 and 459 paired. In their overall detail, these three houses are basically neo-Italian Renaissance, while their rough-faced stone window arches and’L-shaped stoops hark back to Romanesque Revival precedent.

?!os. 461-475. This row of einht neo-Italian Renaissance houses was begun iR June, 1897 for Alexander G. Calder by his son, architect-builder !Alliam M. Calder. No. 461 was treated 2s a typical Park Slope end-type house with two-sided bay. If we disregard No. 461 in this row, an interesting symmetry appears with an AEAAABA pattern, in which the ’‘A” house has a three-sided bay and the “6-’ house a curved bay. The two end houses, Nos. 461 and 475, are of brownstone, and the intervening houses are of limestone. At the richly enframed doorways of the houses with three-sided bays , are pilasters , supporting entablatures with cornices crownedgby small arches at their centers. This arch theme is repeated, at even smaller scale, above the central parlor floor windows of these houses. The curved bay houses1 although simpler, have the door heads carried up to meet carved corbels, which support the sills of the windows above the doorways. The carved panels beneat$ the second floor windows of all these houses are further evidence of the Renaissanyce character of the ornament. On both types of houses, the roof cornices are supported on console brackets: the friezes of the “Atf houses have foliate ornament and those at the “B“ houses have swags, further emFhasizing the underlying symmetry of the row, i tL Nos. 477-491. Like the adjoining row to the west, this row of eight houses was begun in March, 1897, for Alexnder Calder by his son, architect-builder 1:IilliaF Y. Calder. An alternating pattern of curved and three-sided full-height bays creates a flowing rhythm at the cornice line, but here swags appear on the frikzes of the houses with three-sided bays and foliate ornament on those with curved 3ays. The Italian Renaissance influence is again evident in the detail of the doorwa);_s, the more elaborate ones appearing at the houses with three-sided bays. Carved? panels again appear beneath the second floor windows. It is of interest to node that, although only two months intervened between the time of construction of $his row and the row to the west, a small increase was reflected in the cost per hoke in the later ones to the we:;t. t 4 ROS. 493-503. Different in appearance from the rows to the west, princi! pally due to deep brackets at the roof cornices, these six houses were built ip 1895-96 for K. M. Hallum anti were designed by Brooklyn architect Robert nixon.$ All of them have three-sided bays and an alternating use of materials, limestone and brownstone, to lend interest. Engaged Corinthian columns of the entransewzys support vertical console brackets, which, in turn, carry the cornice-slabs above carved lintels--neo-Italian Renaissance in style. Basement entrances have been ,P 8 -# 5 -1ZS- f 5- T!!IQTELNTf!- STRFT.T Between tiqhth Xvenue 4 Prospect ?ark '!est provided at Nos. 493 and @,97. There are carvej panels benent!i the first floor kindows, and beneath the second floor windows are dellcatcly incised panels \d~lch are neo-Grec in style. The roof corliices (lisplay nea-Clnssical swnqs. The rGU?fi- faced stone voussoirs of tlie flat arches above the second floor windolrs, znd the rouqh-faced stone basement and stoop walls are surviving elements from the ?omanesque Revival.

~~IJO. 505-511 is the four-story corner apartment house, entered crop 7hlrteer:th Street and described under 17: Prospect ?ai-!: 'lest.~~

~~***~~

~~-.FWRTEFXT_H.TRE . .. . . Between Eighth Averiue F, Prospect Park "'est~~

Fourteenth Street is the southernnost east-west street in the !!istoric Dis- trict. Like Thirtccnth Street it has d neiol:horhood character due to t?ie lonr; rows of two-story dhellinp facino, each other. It 15 only zt the eastern and of this street that three and four-story riultiple dwellings make their appezrmce, md these have a character riltlch enhances t?ie blockfronts. It differs from Thirteenth Street in that all the one-family residences are flush-fronted. This proclwes a reposeful, uniform cornice line against the sky. Stylistically, there is considerable variation, ranging from the Romnesque Revival to the neo-Classicnl and neo- Renaissance. It is also interesting to note that,in general. this street was built up several years before Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, 9 fact which may be attri- buted to its proximity to the more commercial circle at the southwest corner of the park, where Prospect ?ark Nest and Fifteenth Street intersect, (now Bartel Pritchard Square).

~~SWTfI SIDE (?!OS. 446-494)~~

!lost of the one-family houses on this side of the street have hizli, straiglx stoops and retain their original metal handrailinfis and yard railincs. Dronn- stone, brick and limestone fronts eppear quite at random except in the row at tlie western end, where the materials are synrnetrically arranged, and in the two- famil) houses at the eastern end, which have bpys and are all of limestone. Except for the eastern row, the cornices are the same height but have different ornament in accordance with thc varying styles of the rows.

~~(The four apartment houses, west of Vo. 446, are outside of t!ie E:istoric District .)~~

iJos. 446-454 is a row of five late Ronanesque Revival style houses built in 1394-95 for Christopher C. Firth. Although they belong basically to the same style, each has e. distinguishable modifying characteristic. No., 446 has a handsome two-story oriel of sheetmetal, with an intricate design embossed in its panels and in the pseudo-corbel beneath it. i.10. 448; although influenced bRsically by the Ronanesque Revival, displays the inflgence of the neo-Italian Renaissance in the enframement of its paired parlor floor windows ilo. 450 also shows Romanesque influence and has a strikinely broad parlor floor window, with heavy lintel carried on paired colonettes- No. 452 has the conventional Romanesque arched openings at the first floor, conplemented by a checkerboard Fattern in the stonework above ;he front door, and No. 454 has, at the second floor, an interesting modified I'alladinn window, which is Romanesque in its heavy treatment. A symmetry of nnterials is introduced here, with one central limestone house flanked on either side by , brownstones.

~~-139- FnUKTEEPITH STREET~- Between Eighth Avenue E Prospect Park '',est~~

l'o. 456 is a brownstone house which was built in 1893 by Georze Morgan for Agnes piorgan and was designed by architect Albert Ullrich. This example Of late Ro.laneSque Revival architecture is quite striking when we consider that this was the very Year of the classicizinv ''orld's F2ir in Chicaeo. It should also be noted that, except for its cornice, it is practically identical to Nos. 475 and 485 on the north side of the street. !'ere, at the first floor, the stonework between * the sesmental-arched windows and doorway consists of long narrow stones 06 convex Profile. The stones between the deep voussoirs are all carried up to a thin horizontal bandcourse, which forms the sills for the second-floor windows. BY Contrast, the second floor stoneworlc is smooth ashlar, except for the common drip moldin2 which crowns all three windows. The unusual cornice has deep brackets, with evenly SPzCetf small squares between them.

110. 45G was begun in 1892 for F. Klue and was desiened by Brooklyn architect John Koller. It is even more retardataire than ?lo. 456, and, except for its dentiled and foliate cornice, is 3. neo-Grec design, with incised linear Or3Pment at the window lintels and at thc eared' door lintel carried on crooved brackets.

Nos. 460-464. These three houses, having bracketed cornices in common, were built in the 1890s, like their neighbors on either side. They all display characteristics of the late Roqanesque Revival, and, except for their door enframements, are extremely simple in desi,nn. They achieve variety principally through their use of materials, with a dark colored brick at No. 460, broivxstone at No. 462 and P molded brick at m. 464.

Nos. 466 and 466. This pair of houses was built in 1392 by Brooklyn owner- carpenter-architect 'lillip Hawkins. These houses are of brownstone and have similar roof cortices, with paired sunbursts in the fascias between brackets._ Some of the houses in the longer row to the east, built by the same Owner, are quite similar and have identical cornices. In their use of naterials, they reflect the late Romanesque Revival tradition.

Nos. 470-460. These six houses, of late Romanesque Revival design, are of alternating brick and brownstone, and, to further emphasize this difference in materials, the brownstone houses have sunburst cornices similar to those at Nos. 466 and 460. They were bequn in 1692 by owner-carpenter-architect T'rilliam Hawkins, who lived across the street at ?lo. 449. At most of the doorways, cornice-slabs are carried. on brackets above pilasters. That of ?lo. 472 is an exception, as it is carried on paired colonettes, which, in turn, are supported on corbels set at mid-height of the doorway. 110. 450 has an entablature carried on vilasters. The molded brick used at lio. 472 represents an stteclnt to introduce a new material and texture. \!o. 470 is narrower than the other houses in this row and, consequently, ha,s mired windows to the riyht of the doorway.

POS. 4G2-434. The most striking features to be noted in this row of seven two-fmily dwellinEs are the alternatino curved and three-sideil bays. the low L-shaped stoops and the liinestone fronts. These houses were beFn in 1903 for the "rosvect nark "lest rlealty Coryany (hlorris Levy, ?resident) and were desiqned by Brooklyn architect Axel ::ednim who also designed buildinp in the Stuyvesant I'ciyhts area. In style, the details show the influence of the French Renaissance. The alternating bays 2nd correspondinp cornice lines os these three-story buildings introduce the only rhythmical flow in this otherwise straiqht-lined blockfront.

~~(The Sanders Toviny Picture Theatre, east of [lo. 494, 15 outside of the Yis- toric District.)~~

~~~''"?T:TI' STDE (P~os. 437-495)~~

This blockfront, except for t!le two apartment houses at the eastern end, has a loid-lyin? character due to the ?reFondcrance of two-story houses. Except for the pahled %een Anne row near the center, the houses belone basically to the Domanesque Revival tradition ancl agPin have a remarkably unifonn cornice line. All but one of these houses have strainlit stoops, and most of them retain their fine orieinsl iron liandrailings, at the stoops, and their yard railings. The materials zre besically brick and brownstone.

~~-140- F’XWEEidTII- ______STREET __ Zetween Ciq!itli 2venue A bospect Park :!est~~

~~ido. 437 is a playground south of the .Tohn “I. Kinball School (P.S. 107).~~

>!os. 441-44q. This row was built in io30 by Qrooklyn oimer-carpenter- architect ‘rrilliam f,awkins, who lived at :lo. 449. These five houses, and ?!OS. 467-471, were the first to EO up 011 this street. They are OF brick and have brownstone trin. consistin2 of rough-face2 flat arches at the first floor and basement, and lintels at the second. ‘5th their bracketed cornices, t!iey were built very much in the local vernacular, with a sug?estion of 3oFanesque Revival influence in the rough-faced character of the brownstone trim.

Yo. 451 was built in 1691 by orner-carpenter ‘%llinm Ikwkins, with I’.B. ilaw!tins as architect. This house is quite similar to the row to the west, but has, above the doorway, a neo-Grec lintel carried on small prooved brackets. It also has a diFferent roof cornice, with nore widely spaced brackets, and the whole house is slightly taller than the row it resembles.

Nos. 453-461. These five houses were built in 1291 for :‘Ts. G. F. Ceatty an-1 were designed by Brooklyn architect C,, F. Seatty. They are quite interestinz architecturally, having only one larye window opening! alongside each doorway; these window openings are subdivided with various arrangepents of nullions and, in nost cases, transom bars. The cornice, with frankly projectin? rafter ends. is set above an unusual Frieze which is Forvied by a vattern of alternatin? lipht and dark brick headers. In style tliey are a very free version of late Romanesque Devival. A slender cornice crowns the rou?li-faced browistone first floor; it becones the cornice slab at the doorways, where it is carried on shallow mna- vented stone brackets. The upper floors. by contrast, are of molded brick, with horizontal bands of smooth brick set between every third course. The carved stone lintels Rbove the parlor floor windows provide further ornapentation. There is an interesting range OF brick colors, with orange at 1‘10s. 453, 455 and 461, and gray at .los. 457 and 459.

?!os. 463-471. Creatincr, the one picturesque note in this otherwise severely horizontal blockfront, these five houses were clesimed in the %een hnne style. T!ie r01.j was built for Christopher C. Firth in 1590-91 and w;?s desiqned by prooklyn architect I‘. q. Tait. These brick houses are symetrically arranneds making an AEABA pattern. iligh gables face tlie street at Nos. 465 and 469, the T‘ ‘iouses, while the ‘A houses are kept lower with paranets, seen in orieinal form at No. 471. The gabled B’ houses have round-arched entrnnceways and wide seymental-arched parlor windows, with central mullions and stained glass above the transoq bars. The desiens of the nables reflect the Flemish Renaissance influence. I!o. 465 has its original sea-wave crestin,: above the scalloned slate roof behind the gable and has cfiKinutive quoins of molded brick defininf? its width. The arches of all the windows in the row have roueh-faced stone voussoirs. The curvilinear ironwork of the handrailinss at the stoops and the latticework of the yard railinvs are notable.

Vo. 473 was begun for owner Christopher C. Firtl, in 1392. It is the only house on this side of the street with an L-s!iaped stoop and three stories. The third story is an addition the house was probably once crowned by a cornice at the terinination of the rough-faced stonework of the ivnll. In style, this painted broiirlstone is a nodified version of French ?enaissance desien, as nay be seen at tlie doorway anJ in t!ie richly carved band of stonework above it. extending the width oc the house. Drip molc‘inys crown the wide frames of smooth stonework at the second flgor windows.

Nos. 475-467. Tliis row of seven houses is the loncest on the blockfront. Tt has two and one-half story, stone-faced houses. They were built in the early 129C)s, and ?.!os. 475 and 4S5 in this row >re almost identical to “0. 456 across the street, which was built in 1893. They are retardataire in retaining many elements of Pomanesque Revival design at this date. The most strikin:: feature of these Imuses is to be found in the fascia boards below the roof cornices: each of these has three mall rectanylar windows, separated by short stubby piers which are carried on corbels and appear to support the cornice. 30s. 475 and 4S5 have details which are fully described under %. 456 and include segmental-arched openings at the first floors, and bold voussoirs. ;Yo. 477 has arched oyenings ?t the first

~~-141 - ----F?URTEENTfl STREET -_ Betueen Eighth Avenue & Prospect Park !'lest~~

floor and, at the second floor, a remarkable triple window, set under an arch with a flat top. Capping the wide enframement of this window, is a drip molding, which ends, at its base, in impost blocks of unusual design. Beside the arched eoonvay of No. 479 is an arched double window with flattened top section: the two square-headed windows at the second floor are embraced by a wide drip molding teninated on carved bosses. No. 481 has arched openinvs at first and second floors, and Nos. 483 and 407 have square-headed windows and doorways.

Vo. 489 is a four-story neo-Classical apartment house of brick, with limestone at the first floor. It was built in 1904 by I!rilliam ;I. Calder, who had developed so nuch of Twelfth Street and it was designed by Brooklyn architect Thomas Bennett. The front facade consists of two wide, swell-front bays. These enframe a narrow, central stair tower above an entrance porch that has Ionic columns and is surmounted by a low balustrade. This central section is carried up above the cornice line. The top floor is given emphasis through the introduction Of round-arched windows. At the bold roof cornice, carried on console brackets, is a frieze with swags.

~~No. 491-495 is a larqe four-story corner apartment house of brick, which is described under No. 106 Prospect Park !Vest. It is entered fron Fourteenth Street.~~

~~***~~

~~-142- PS-!!D~~

The Landmarks Preservation Commission recognizes that the needs of thc churches in the Park Slope :-!istoric District may chznge in the years ahead. By this designation it is not intended to freeze the properties of those churches in their present state forGT1 time and thus prevent future appropriate alterations needed by the churches for all their buildinns. The Conmission believes it has the obligation and, indeed, it !ias the desire to cooperate with owners in Historic Districts who may wish to make changes in their properties to meet their current and future needs. This attitude reflects the Commission's endorsement of the view that Landmarks are often successfully preserved through active and beneficial use.

The Landmarks Preservation Law contains many provisions relating to changes in Iiistoric Districts. The Commission 1s already working with owners who wish TO make changes in their properties and has given many approvals. In this connection the Commission wishes to state at this time that it. recognizes thnt the churches In the Park Slope Historic District may want to erect new buildings on their grounds in the future. The Commission recognizes that the churches may also wish to make exterior alterations to their existing buildings. The Commission looks forward to working with the representatives of these churches when they desire to erect new buildinps on their grounds or to make exterior alterations on their existing buildings.

on the basis of a careful consideration of the history, the architecture and other features of this akea, the Landmarks Preservation Comnission finds that the Park Slope Historic District contains buildings and other irlprovements which have a special character and special historical and aesthetic interest and value and which represent one or more periods or styles of architecture typical of one or more eras ir. the history of New York City and which cause this area, by reason of these factors, to constitute a distinct section of the City.

The Comission further finds that, among Its important qualities, the Park Slope Iristoric District is one of the most beautifully situated residential neiehborhoods in the City, that its history and development is closely related. to that of the adjacent Prospect Park, that it is aloost exclusively residential in character with minimal inroads by commerce, that it retains an aura of the past to an extent which is unusual in Mew York, that the wide sunny avenues and tree- lined streets, with houses of relatively uniform height punctuated by church spires, provide a living illustration of the 19th century characterization of Brooklyn BS "a city of homes and churches," that the major development of the District within a relatively brief span of sone five decades, fron the Civil Yar period to "orld 17ar I, produced a special quality of homogeneity and regularity reflecting the desire of developers, builders and architects to achieve coherence and dignity in planning, that this development was a reflection of the social and cultural aspirations of its residents, that the houses, churches and other StructureS provide, in microcosm, a cross-section of the important trends in American architecture OF the time, that the styles include principally. late Italianate, French Second Empire, neo-Grec, Victorian Gothic, Queen Anne and exceptionally notable examples of Romanesque Revival houses, the finest in the City and among the most outstanding in the country; followed by the neo-Renaissance, neo-Classical, neo- Federal and neo-Georgian, representine the last great wave of development of the District.after the turn-of-the-century. and, finally, that because of its distinguished architecture and its special character as a carefully planned, homogeneous community, it is an outstanding Historic District within the City which continues to attract new residents.

4ccordingly, pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 63 of the Charter of the City of New York and Chapter 8-A of the Administrative Code of the City of New York, the Landnarks Preservation Cornission designates as an Historic District the Park Slope Historic Disfrict , Sorough of Brooklyn, containing the property bounded by the southern property line of 446 through 494 14th Street, the eastern property line of 494 14th Street, 14th Street, Prospect Park IVest, 10th Street, the eastern and noxthczii psup,erLy Tine4 VI607 loth Strect, part of the northern property line of 691 10th Street, the eastern property line of 572 9th Street, 9th Street, Prospect Park Vest, 4th Street, the eastern property lines of 597 4th Street, the eastern property line of 634 3rd Street, 3rd Street, the eastern property line of 631 3rd Street, the southern property lines of 646 and 645 2nd Street and of 65 ProsPect Park ‘“est, Prospect Park West, 1st Street, the eastern property line of 567 1st Street, part of the southern and the eastern property lines of 316 GarField Place, Garfield Place, the eastern property line of 323 Garfield Place, part of the southern property line of 54 ;lontgomery Place, the southern property lines of 56 through 60 !lontgomery Place and of 32 Prospect Park West, Prospect Park West, llontgornery Place, part of the eastern property line of 59 Montgomery Place, the southern property line of 25 Prospect Park (:iest, Prospect Park \?lest, part of the northern property line of 13 Prospect Park ‘lest, the eastern property line of 9~6 President Street, President Street, the eastern property line of 953 President Street, the northern property lines of 953 through 947 President Street, the northern and part of the western property lines of 945 President Street, the northern property line of 943 President Street, part of the eastern and the northern property lines of 941 President Street, the northern property lines of 939 through 933 President Street, the castern property line of 902 Union Street, Union Street, the eastern property lines of 71 through 63 8th Avenue, the southern property lines of 264 through 276 Berkeley Place, the eastern property line of 270 Berkeley Place, Berkeley Place, the eastern property lines of 49 through 27 6th Avenue, Lincoln Place, Plaza Street, the northern property line of 5 Plaza Street, 3th Avenue, St. Johns Place, the eastern property line of 217 St. Johns Place, tlic northern property lines of 217 through 179 St. Johns Place, part of the northern property line of 31-35 7th Avenue, the eastern property line of 23 7th Avenue, the eastern property line of 146 Sterling Place, Sterling Place, the eastern property lines of 19 through 13 7th Avenue, the northern property line of 13 7th Avenue, 7th Avenue, Park Place, the eastern property line of 133 Park Place, the northern property lines of 133 through 95 Park Place, the western property line of 95 Park Place, Park Place, the western and part of the northern property lines of the stable (90 Park Place), the southern property line of the stable (90 Park Place), part of the western property line of 92 Park Place, the southern property lines of 92 through 144 Park Place, the western property lines of 18 through 24 7th Avenue, .. Sterling Place, the western property line of 130 Sterling Place, the western property line of 34 7th Avenue, part of the northern property line of 139 St. Johns Place, the northern property lines of 137 through 93 St. Johns Place, the eastern property lines of 143 throu& 135 6th Avenue, Sterling Place, the western property lines of 128 through 146 6th Avenue, St. Johns Place, the western property lines of 148 through 168 6th Avenue, Lincoln Place, (5th Avenue, Berkeley Place, the western property lines of 188 through 192-A 6th Avenue, the southern property line of 192-A 6th Avenue, 6th Avenue, the southern property line of 199 6th Avenue, part of the western and the southern property lines of 100 Berkeley Place, the southern property lines of 102 through 156 Berkeley Place, part of the southern property line of 158 Berkeley Place, the southern property line of 86 7th Avenue, 7th Avenue, the southern property line of 87 7th Avenue, the western property line of 865 Union Street, Union Street, the western and part of the southern property lines of 820 Union Street, the western pronerty line of 833 President Street, Presiuent Street, the western property line of 828 President Street, the western property line of 749 Carroll Street, Carroll Street, the western property line of 776 Carroll Street, the western property lines of 8 through 22 Polhemus Place, part of the northern and the western property lines of 24 Polhemus Place, the western property line of 219 Garfield Place, Garfield Place, the western and part of the southern property lines of 214 Garfield Place, the western property line of 465 1st Street, 1st Street, the western property line of 460 1st Street, part of the northern and the western property lines of 507 2nd Street, 2nd Street, the western property line of 5164-516 2nd Street, the western property line of SO9 3rd Street, 3rd Street, the western property line of 516 3rd Street, the western property line‘of 465 4th Street, 4th Street, the western property line of 486 4th Street, the southern property lines of 486 through 504 4th Street, the eastern property line of 504 4th Street, 4th Street, the eastern and part of the northern property lines of 513 4th Street, the eastern property line of 562 3rd Street, 3rd Street, 8th Avenue, the :;outhern property line of 225-227 6th Avenue, the western Frcperty line of 581 3rd Street, 3rd Street, the western Property line of 532 3rd Street, the northern and western property lines of 539 4th Street, 4th Street, the hestern property line of 528 4th Street, the western property line of 557 5th Street, 5th Street, 8th Avenue, 6th Street, the western property line of 590 6th Street, part of the northern property line of 571 7th Street, the northern property lines of 5bY through 551 Seventh Street, the western property PS-ID 1

- line of 553 7th Street, 7th Street, the western property line of 550 7th Street, . the western property line of 511 8th Street, 8th Street, the western property line of 502 8th Street, the western property line of 519 9th Street, 9th Street, ? the western property line of 526 9th Street, pai't of the western property line Of 633 10th Street, tlw sorthcrl: vo-erty lincs of 641 through 631-633 10th Street, 8th Avenue, 10th Street, the western and part of the southern property lines of 642 10th Street, the western property line of 583 11th Street, 11th Street, the nestern property line of 584 11th Street, part of the northern property line of 479 12th Street, the northern property line of 1113 8th Avenue, 8th Avenue, 14th Street, the western property line of 446 14 Street.

~~-145- I PS-m~~

par. 3, line 3, read FaQan...instnad of Faeen. par. 4, line 1, fc"L ' SC'b.l-.l.. . tn3t-f' -= Cchc3,l. par. 3, line 8. read ashlar...instead Ot sshl.?r par. 4, line 8, read is ...instead of are. par. 6, line 5, read served as the...instead of served the. par. 1, line fi, read symbolical...instead of symbolica. par. 5, line 1.0, read supported ...instead of support, par. 2, line 6, read combination...instead of co bination. par. 5, line 13, read desi gn... instead OP deisgn. par. 4, line I.. read two...instead of tho. par. 4, line I., read No. 32...instead of (No. 32). par. 1, line 11, read handsome...instead of handso. par. 2, line 4, read Parfitt. ..instead of Farfitt. par. 2, line 6, read franements: ...instead of framements. par. 3, line 6, read pediments, in this house of 1900, ...instead of pediments a. par. 2, line 6, read 1060s. ... instead of 1362. par. 4, line 2, read Thomas 11. ...instead of Thomai A. par. 6, line 10, read panels ...instead of panel par. 2, line 2, read 1887-U0...instead of 1187-88. par. 3, line 2, read 52-54...instead of 52-52. par. 7, line 3, read Doherty ...instead of Dougherty. par. 5, line 3, re5d 921-941...instead of 927-941. par. 1, line 10, read reflect ...instead of presage par. 4, line 12. read Colonial feature ...instead of Colonial Revival feature. par. 3, line 5, read Sloan, Jr, ...instead of Sloane,. par. 3, line 4, read Pohlman...instead of Pohlmann. par. 4, line 3, read Delaney ...instead of Delany par. 4, line 1, read northwest...instead of northeast. par. 2, line 1, read J.H. ...instead of N.H. par. 4, line 2, read neo-Federal...instead of Federal par. 5, line 6, read street, ...instead of streets. par. 1. line 1, read complemented by an. ..instead of complemented. par. 5, line 4, read eave-line is interrupted ...instead of eave-line interrupted. page 75, par. 3, line 6, read and is approached ...instead of and approached. page 76, par. 5, line 5, read Bros. Yet...instead of Bros yet. page 77, par. 2, line 4. read Renaissance style has...instead of Renaissance has. pace 77, par. line 0, read up to the...instead of up the. paqe 78, par. line 4, read Philip I. Cootey ...instead of Philip J.Cooty. paRe 07, par. line 6, read 628-844...instead of 628-948. page 99, par. line 2, read Donnellon.;.instead of Donnellow page 106, par. line 11, read designs ...instead of designs,. page 110, par. line 2, read Mowbray.. .instead of tlowbrey. page 117, par. line 1, read house (No. 588-598) ...instead of house. page 120, par. line 2, read Brook1 yn... instead of Rooklyn. page 124. par. line 8, read harmonize...instead of harmonizes. page 126, par. line 1, read those...instead of thosw. nWo 132, par. line 1, read four-story ripartment ...instezd of four-story brick apartment. page 133, par. 4, line 11, read fleur-de-lis ...instead of fleur de lys. paec 136, par. 2, line 6, read more...instead of merely. page 137, par. I, line 9, read who later developed ...instead of who had developed. page 137, par. 1, line 9, read and also developed Nos. 490-502. ..instead of and Nos. 490-502. ptf,? 135. pat 6, line 5, read columns &...instead of columns of n?' 32, vy . line ,' rcm.7 Inor- n. Chappel1 ...instead of Georqe W. pate 94, par. 1, line 2, read L>I,rr?iice . ''-1' . . .i~str?".!of VRulk \- pale iii, par. 4, line 15, read marshes ...instend of rnrches. i1w;e iv, par. 3, line 16, rend rcdef i ned. . .instcnd of rcdfined. .

~~-147-~~