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The Legal Choice in a Cultural Landscape: an Explanatory Model of the Roanoke River, North Carolina Adam Friedman

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The Legal Choice in a Cultural Landscape: an Explanatory Model of the Roanoke River, North Carolina Adam Friedman The Legal Choice in a Cultural Landscape: An Explanatory Model of the Roanoke River, North Carolina Adam Friedman ISBN 978-0-9799909-5-3 90000 9 780979 990953 Research Report No. 20 THE LEGAL CHOICE IN A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE: AN EXPLANATORY MODEL OF THE ROANOKE RIVER, NORTH CAROLINA By Adam D. Friedman 2008 © PAST Foundation ISBN 978-0-9799909-5-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008939543 Series Editor: Nathan Richards, Program in Maritime Studies, East Carolina University, Admiral Ernest M. Eller House, Greenville, North Carolina, 27858. Cover: Logging donkey engine, Gray’s Harbor, Washington (University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections, IND0209). Cover design concept: Nadine Kopp DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my wife, Michelle, and parents, Stephen and Meredith. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the course of this study, I have received the aid and support of many individuals. The collection of remote sensing data would not have been possible without Lawrence Babits, Frank Cantelas, Matthew “Jersey” De Felice, Amy Leuchtmann, Calvin Mires, and Nathan Richards. Additional surveys were aided by Michelle Damian, Tricia Dodds, and Joe Hoyt. For the multibeam sonar data, I thank Dr. J.P. Walsh (Department of Geological Sciences). Much appreciation goes to the North Carolina Underwater Archaeology Branch: Richard Lawrence, Julep Zillman-Bryan, and Nathan Henry for their help groundtruthing Unknown Vessel 6. Financial support came from a 2006 NOAA Oceans Exploration grant. Harry Thompson of the Port O’ Plymouth museum provided much oral history. Terrestrial archaeological surveys would not have been possible without the resources, willingness, generosity, and historical knowledge of Russell Lee. His knowledge of the locations of steam engines, moonshine distilleries, and the history of multiple Roanoke places was an integral part of this study. The Roanoke River Terrestrial Sites Database exists because of Mr. Lee. I would like to thank my committee, Dr. Lawrence Babits, Frank Cantelas, and Dr. David Stewart, and especially my advisor, Dr. Nathan Richards, whose patience and guidance allowed this work to reach completion. Peter Campbell and Nadine Kopp are also owed thanks for help in compiling, editing and designing this volume. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation for the constant support provided by my family. My parents, always there for me throughout my life, kept my work in perspective and sustained my efforts. My new wife, who I dated, and then was engaged to, for five years, gave constant reassurance, aid, and companionship, despite the fact that we lived two hours away for the last two years while we completed our respective graduate programs. I look forward to what our combined future will bring. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................................ III TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ IV LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................................VII LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................................X CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1 Research Questions.......................................................................................................................................2 Format.............................................................................................................................................................3 Limitations......................................................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2: THEORY..................................................................................................................................6 Cultural Landscapes ......................................................................................................................................6 Central Places...............................................................................................................................................10 Transportation .............................................................................................................................................10 Comparative Research................................................................................................................................11 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................13 Historical Research......................................................................................................................................13 Remote Sensing ...........................................................................................................................................15 Remote Sensing Data Processing..............................................................................................................17 Groundtruthing ...........................................................................................................................................20 Terrestrial Investigations............................................................................................................................20 Analysis .........................................................................................................................................................21 iv CHAPTER 4: CULTURAL DISPLACEMENT, ECONOMICS, AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: A HISTORY OF THE ROANOKE...........................................................................22 Colonial Era .................................................................................................................................................22 Statehood......................................................................................................................................................33 The Effect of Industrial Decline: Moonshining .....................................................................................39 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 5: TIME AND PURPOSE, VESSELS AND RAILROADS: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................................................42 Economic Crosslinkages at the Domestic, State, and Riverine Levels................................................42 Vessel Longevity: The Effects of Economic Growth and Infrastructure Development.................52 The Roanoke as a Closed System .............................................................................................................57 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................64 CHAPTER 6: PURPOSE AND PLACE, TOWARDS A SPATIAL PORTRAIT OF THE ROANOKE: A GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS.............................................................................................65 Diachronic Analysis ....................................................................................................................................65 Determination of Unknown Vessel Use-lives.........................................................................................74 Zonation of the Landscape via Terrestrial Site Investigation...............................................................77 Zonation of Illicit Moonshine Distilleries and Comparison to Legal Industries...............................84 Determination of Unknown Vessel Function via Terrestrial Zonation..............................................86 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................92 CHAPTER 7: AN EXPLANATORY MODEL OF THE ROANOKE RIVER................................94 The Influence of Structure.........................................................................................................................94 The Role of the Central Place....................................................................................................................95 The Effect of Transportation....................................................................................................................96 The Influence of Risk .................................................................................................................................97 The Legal Choice.........................................................................................................................................98 Suggestions for Future Research...............................................................................................................98
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