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A Treasure Revealed: a Treasure Revealed: Martin Luther and the 660 Mason Ridge Center Dr A Treasure Revealed: A Treasure Revealed: Martin Luther and the 660 Mason Ridge Center Dr. Martin Luther and the Events of the Reformation St. Louis, Missouri 63141-8557 Events of the Reformation 1-800-876-9880 • www.lhm.org The German church reformer Martin Luther figures large over the course of Christianity’s last 500 years. It was this man, born in 1483, whom God would 6BE161 use mightily to declare unequivocally to the world that it is by grace—and grace alone—we are saved. In Luther we find the unflinching resolve, the hard-won erudition, the tireless search for spiritual truth, the vehemence against church abuses and, ultimately, the God-inspired truths that opened the door to the Protestant Reformation. Wrestling with Scripture, Luther struggled with man’s place before a righteous God who, naturally, must punish sinners. At this prospect Luther felt A Treasure Revealed: doomed. How could he ever measure up? It wasn’t until he understood Paul’s declaration that “The righteous shall live by faith” (Romans 1:17b) that hope became real. According to author Dr. Carol Geisler, “Luther understood that righteousness— holiness in the sight of God through the forgiveness of sins—is a gift from God, received through faith Martin Luther and the in Jesus. When he realized the truth about this gracious gift of God for sinners, Luther said he felt as if the gates of paradise had opened for him.” 6BE161 Events of the Reformation 660 Mason Ridge Center Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141-8557 1-800-972-5442 • www.lhm.org by Dr. Carol Geisler A terrifying thunderstorm, a kidnapping, a castle hideout, a knightly disguise . these are the ingredients of a remarkable story. The life of the German monk whose teachings set in motion the events of the Reformation has all of that and the discovery of a treasure—the good news of God’s free gift of forgiveness through faith in Jesus. The world-changing events in 16th-century Europe, events that came to be called the “Reformation,” happened during a time of change. Many people longed for the reform of the Roman Catholic Church and protested against the wealth and greed of church leaders. Scholars studied Hebrew and Greek, discovering and examining ancient manuscripts. Printing presses, the newest social media technology of the day, published the latest ideas. A young law student named Martin Luther changed his career path from law school to a monastery to a position lecturing on the Bible in a university. His study of the Bible would lead him to life-changing discoveries about the treasured good news of God’s love and forgiveness. A Bolt of Lightning Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483, in Eisleben, Germany, the second child of Hans and Margaret Luther. He was baptized the next day and named for Martin of Tours, the saint whose life was celebrated on that day. Martin’s father Hans worked in the copper mines and later owned his own mines. The Luther home was strict but loving, and Martin Luther recalled later that his parents meant well by him. When young Martin enrolled in school, he proved to be a bright student. He learned Latin—the language of the church, education and business—as he prepared for advanced studies. In 1501 Luther entered the University of Erfurt. He studied law, a decision that pleased his father, who wanted Martin to earn a good living as a lawyer. Martin Luther’s plans for the future changed suddenly in the summer of 1505. Returning to the university after a visit home, he was caught in a thunderstorm. Frightened by a bolt of lightning—and fearing God’s anger—Luther cried out to St. Anne for help and promised, “I will become a monk!” A short time after his experience in the thunderstorm, Luther entered the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt. His vow to become a monk was made suddenly in a moment of fright, but his ever-present fears about sin, death and the judgment of God formed the background for his decision. Although he believed in Jesus Christ as his Savior, Luther also feared Christ as a righteous Judge who would condemn sinners to hell on the Day of Judgment. Luther struggled with the question, “How can I find a merciful God?” As a monk he spent his life in study and prayer, hoping to find peace and earn God’s favor. Johann von Staupitz, Luther’s superior in the Augustinian order, tried to help the worried monk. Staupitz told Luther to trust in Jesus, not as an angry Judge, but as the loving Savior. Later in life Luther gratefully remembered the counsel of Staupitz and called him a messenger from heaven. Luther studied, worked and prayed. He was ordained as a priest and sent again to the University of Erfurt, but not to study law. He earned a degree in biblical studies that allowed him to lecture on the Bible. In 1511 he was sent to the new university in Wittenberg, where he lectured on Scripture, preached at the monastery and in the town church, and studied for and received his doctor of theology degree. 1 The Gates of Paradise As Luther studied the Bible he was troubled by the phrase, “the righteousness of God,” as found in Romans 1:17: “For in it (i.e. the Gospel) the righteousness of God is revealed from faith for faith, as it is written, ‘The righteous shall live by faith.’” Luther thought the righteousness of God described the holiness of an angry God who punishes unrighteous sinners. But as he continued to study those words, he came to a new understanding of the righteousness of God. Luther described his discovery: “At last, by the mercy of God, meditating day and night, I gave heed to the context of the words … I began to understand that the righteousness of God is that by which the righteous (person) lives by a gift of God, namely by faith.”1 Luther understood that righteousness— holiness in the sight of God through the forgiveness of sins—is a gift from God, received through faith in Jesus. When he realized the truth about this gracious gift of God for sinners, Luther said he felt as if the gates of paradise had opened for him. While Luther was lecturing and preaching in Wittenberg, a noble, Albert of Brandenburg, made arrangements to have himself appointed to three positions in the Roman Catholic Church—as a bishop in one city and as an archbishop in two others. According to the rules of the church he was only allowed to hold one office, but if he paid a fee to the pope, he could have all three appointments, as well as the income from all three offices. Albert made arrangements with a German banking family to borrow the necessary funds. To raise money for the loan repayment, Pope Leo X allowed Albert to sell indulgences in Germany. Indulgences brought in funds because people were taught by the church that the extra good works of Christ and the saints, for a fee, might be credited to their heavenly account—a transfer from the church’s spiritual treasury to their own. A certificate authorized by the pope—an indulgence—enabled this spiritual transaction. People who bought the indulgence certificates came to believe they were buying release from suffering in purgatory for themselves and loved ones, believing even that they were purchasing forgiveness for their sins. Half of the money raised through the sale of Albert’s indulgences repaid the banking family. The rest of the money was sent to Rome to help pay for the building of St. Peter’s Cathedral. The Church Door Members of Luther’s congregation in Wittenberg traveled to a nearby town to buy the indulgence papers. Luther preached sermons warning against such purchases. However, the people continued to buy indulgences, believing they were buying forgiveness for their sins and freeing the souls of family members from purgatory. Luther composed a list of 95 theses, or statements for debate, against the sale of indulgences. On October 31, 1517—the day before the church festival of All Saints’ Day—he posted the list on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The door served as a town bulletin board and, by posting his theses, Luther was inviting scholars to debate his ideas. He also sent copies of his statements to Archbishop Albert and to the Bishop of Brandenburg. Luther believed that if church officials truly understood that indulgences gave people false security about the forgiveness of sins, they would stop the sales. The archbishop sent a copy of Luther’s statements against indulgences to the pope in Rome, but church leaders did not stop the sale of indulgences. The 95 statements were translated from Latin into German, printed, and distributed throughout Germany. The monk and professor from the little town of Wittenberg was on his way to becoming a well-known figure, not only in Germany, but throughout Europe. The True Treasure In the first of his 95 statements, Luther wrote, “When our Lord and Master Jesus Christ said, ‘Repent’ (see Matthew 4:17), He willed the entire life of believers to be one of repentance.” Repentance is not about the occasional purchase of an authorized certificate. Christians daily repent of their sins and receive the forgiveness won by Jesus through His death and resurrection. A popular indulgence sales jingle claimed, “As soon as the coin in the money box rings, a soul from purgatory springs!” That idea, Luther said, was a teaching invented by man.
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