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Flashless Propellants (1948)
UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER ADA493390 CLASSIFICATION CHANGES TO: UNCLASSIFIED FROM: RESTRICTED LIMITATION CHANGES TO: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Document partially illegible. FROM: Distribution authorized to DoD only; Foreign Government Information; NOV 1948. Other requests shall be referred to British Embassy, 3100 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008. Document partially illegible. AUTHORITY DSTL ltr dtd 16 Feb 2007; DSTL ltr dtd 16 Feb 2007 THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED of RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT '’’his document contains technical information cf foreign origin, 'Tu: i itiUi.'ii, so long M it remains classified, is not to be u.s I distlo..cd in any mtnner likely to prcjudb-e th t rights of «•><• mi. intdor to obtain patent protection in respect tliwcof. i' i i -desired to use or dirclose the inforinatjo.i in any 1:1 inner hi. s:> to prejudice the i ights ot the hiiginator then i.lie (>iU.» 01 f; .-.d Intelligence will be notified of such iitond < use or tiisc.o re mid such use or di -closure shall not !>■ eifot tej until a.liu.l I s be n obt,- in-d 1 ; the Que • f sirs! Intel „ are f ■ • ir <C ( in. h he u ■ cf r s ii >.t_it. >.r f r ' . ’ ■ p-r|«'s s I'-' । the Nnti’ r.nl MUitiugr l-T-rrsS v ■■ < ’;r * d to be prejudicial to any proprietary ioa.stai^s t.. it. try exist. Flashless propellants J.N, PRING This document contains technical information of foreign origin. The information, so long os it remains classified, is nut to be. -
Modern Guns and Smokeless Powder
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrg W. Sage 1S91 /\:,JM^n? ^I'tClfl ofseo Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030760072 : : MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. ARTHUR RIGG JAMES GARVIE. LONDON E. & F. N. SPON, 125, STRAND. NEW YORK SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 12, CORTLANDT STREET. 1892. MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. PART I. INTRODUCTION. Gunpowder, the oldest of all explosives, has been the subject of many scientific investigations, sup- ported by innumerable experiments ; but Nature guards her secrets well ; and to this day it cannot be said that the cycle of chemical changes brought about by the combustion of gunpowder is thoroughly understood. Its original components vary, but are generally about 75 parts potassium nitrate, 15 parts carbon, and 10 parts sulphur, with other ingredients some- times added. These materials, when simply mixed together, burn with considerable vigour, but cannot rank as an explosive until they have been thoroughly incorporated, so that the different molecules are brought into such close proximity that each finds a neighbour ready and willing to combine on the smallest encouragement. Heat furnishes the necessary stimulus, by pro- 2 MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. moting chemical activity ; and, when combined with concussion, the molecules are driven closer to- gether, and this intimate association accelerates their combination. The effect of mere concussion is shown to greater advantage when any of the more dangerous ex- plosives, such as iodide of nitrogen, are subjected to experiment. -
2016 Breer Andrew 1253669
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ British Industrial Policy Concerning the Heavy Ordnance Industry, 1900–1917 Breer, Andrew Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 British Industrial Policy Concerning the Heavy Ordnance Industry, 1900–1917 A Thesis Presented in Fulfilment for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Subject of WAR STUDIES By Andrew Breer King’s College, London University of London September 2015 Word Count: 99,865 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... -
Explosives Recognition and Awareness in Court Security
10/29/2015 Explosives recognition and awareness in Court Security INTRODUCTION Course Objectives Familiarize court security personnel with explosives and their illicit uses Familiarize court security personnel with methods of prevention and detection of explosive devices in a court security setting. Familiarize court security personnel with methods of dealing with potential or actual explosive devices as first responders. 1 10/29/2015 The FBI Bomb Data Center reports that 70% of all terrorist incidents involve the use of incendiary agents and explosives. We know that there have been attacks carried out against government facilities in the U.S. including court buildings using explosives. This is why it is important for court security personnel to be familiar with explosives and their use. This course is not an “EOD”, “TACTICS”or “BOMB TECH”course. Theintentofthiscourseistoprovidebasic knowledge of the relationship between explosives and court security functions. Officers should always rely on their own training, department policy and common sense when dealing with explosives. HISTORY OF EXPLOSIVES 2 10/29/2015 Beginnings Gunpowder first appeared in China around the 1st century AD and was used for fireworks. The first evidence of use in weapons appeared in Europe around the 13th century when projectiles were propelled through tubes. The first high explosive, “fulminating gold” was first mentioned in writings by German alchemist Sebald Schwaertzer in 1585. Italian chemist Asconio Sobrero discovered nitroglycerin in 1846 but the compound was very unstable and difficult to work with. Alfred Nobel, Sweden Advances Swedish scientist Albert Nobel invents a method of stabilizing nitroglycerin in 1866 and patents dynamite in 1867. -
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London Regional Group Programme Card
The SCI London Regional Group is currently the largest of all SCI regional groupings with c.1,000 members in Central and Greater London, the counties of Essex, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Surrey, Middlesex, Kent and Sussex. The majority of whom are based in the region and are employed in the chemical, pharmaceutical and allied industries. There is also a good percentage of members in education and academia. The Group’s geographical remit includes more than 60 universities and colleges, the City of London, Westminster and Parliament, headquarters or London offices of some of the largest industrial companies in the world, and a plethora of science museums, galleries, societies and associations. The Group has a long and continuous history and was established shortly after the foundation of the Society itself in 1881. Its first Chairman was Sir Frederick Abel, the co-inventor of cordite. The London Group organises a regular and dynamic schedule of activities throughout the year in SCI London Regional Group SCI London keeping with its mission statement ‘utilising our capital city to publicise science and allow networking opportunities for all’. The broad-based programme of general interest and specialist events attracts a wide range of attendees - from students and families to science professionals and politicians. The SCI London Regional Group has a strong relationship with UCL’s Chemical & Physical Society, the students’ society of UCL’s Chemistry department (and the oldest UCL student society), and sponsors their lecture programme. Contact Details If you would like more information about the Group and its activities, or if you would like to get involved in the organisation of events, please contact [email protected] London Regional Group Join SCI Today! If you are not yet a member, you are missing a chance to network with people across the chemical Programme Card Spring 2016 and chemical-using industries. -
Thematic Survey of the Ordnance Yards and Magazine Depots
THEMATIC SURVEY OF THE ORDNANCE YARDS AND MAGAZINE DEPOTS SUMMARY REPORT THEMATIC LISTING PROGRAMME JEREMY LAKE FINAL DRAFT JANUARY 2003 Not to be cited without acknowledgement to English Heritage Thematic Survey of the Ordnance Yards and Magazine Depots Summary Report page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 2.0 A BRIEF BACKGROUND TO THE ORDNANCE YARDS 7 3.0 THE BUILDING TYPES 17 3.1 Store Magazines 17 3.2 Receipt & Issue Magazines 17 3.3 Shoe Rooms 18 3.4 Examining Rooms (Shifting Houses pre 1875) 18 3.5 Proof Houses 18 3.6 Buildings for the Repair of Gunpowder 19 3.7 Original Laboratory Buildings 19 3.8 Early Shell Stores 20 3.9 Fuze and Tube Stores 20 3.10 Empty Case Stores 21 3.11 Early Cartridge and Shell Filling and Packing, and related Buildings 21 3.12 Store for planks, flannel cartridges, Foreman's Office and Printing Press 22 Room 3.13 Storekeeper's Office. Rooms for Storekeeper, Clerk, Messenger and 22 Records 3.14 Pattern & Class Rooms 22 3.15 Smithery 22 3.16 Accommodation block for Messengers, Foremen and Police Sergeants, 22 with Artificers' Shop 3.17 Painters' Shops 22 3.18 Shifting Rooms 23 3.19 Truck Shed 23 3.20 Shell Filling Rooms 23 3.21 QF Shell Filling Rooms 23 3.22 Expense Magazine for Shell Filling Rooms 23 3.23 Unheading Room 24 3.24 Shell Emptying Rooms 24 2 3.25 Boiler House 24 3.26 Detonator Stores 24 3.27 Wet Guncotton Magazines 25 3.28 Dry Guncotton Magazines 25 3.29 Mine and Countermine Stores 25 3.30 Mine Examining Rooms 25 3.31 Filled Shell Stores (after the Admiralty takeover) 26 3.32 Cordite Magazines 26 3.33 Cordite -
26 Manuals 3338, Anti-Aircraft Ammunition
! WX). C o d e N o. RESTRICTED 5430 The information given irythit document is not to be com 26/Manuals/3338 municated, either directlyior indirectly, to the Press or to any person not authorize^ to receive it. 4 "Pe0 * •k Anti- cra ft * / By Command o f the Army Council . c ^ WAR OFFICE, 1 5th August, 1949 ________________ - CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 General .... I 1.2A.A. Equipments . I 1-3 The Round of Ammunition . I 1.4 Ammunition Categories 2 2. EXPLOSIVES 2.1 General .... 2 2.2Propellants .... 3 2.3High Explosives . 5 2.4 Miscellaneous Compositions . 9 2.5 Conclusions. 10 3. THE CARTRIDGE 3 -i Cartridge Case 11 3.2 Primer .... 11 3-3 Igniter .... • 13 3 4 Propellant Charge • 14 3-5 Decoppering Charge 14 4. THE PROJECTILE 4.1 General .... • 14 4.2S h e ll........................................ • 15 4-3 Shot ..... 18 5. FUZES, GAINES, TRACERS, ETC. 5 -iGeneral .... • 19 5.2Fuzes ..... 24 5-3 Gaines .... • 36 5 4 Tracers and Igniters • 36 6. DRILL AMMUNITION 6.1 General .... • 37 6.2Cartridges .... • 37 6.3Fuzes ..... ■ 38 7. RECORDS 7 -iAmmunition . 38 7.2 Gun . • 39 8. MARKINGS 8.1 General .... • 4° 8.2Cartridge Case • 40 8.3 Primer .... • 4i 8.4Projectile .... • 4 i 8.5Gaine or Auxiliary Detonator. • 43 8.6 Fuze and Plug • 43 8.7 Tracer and Tracer-Igniter • 44 8.8 Package .... • 44 9. CARE, PRESERVATION AND PREPARATION 9.1Packages .... • 45 9.2Storage .... • 46 9-3 Preparation .... • 47 9 4 Routine Inspections at Gun Positions 52 9-5 Damaged and Defective Ammunition 52 9.6 Salvage ... -
Introduction to Explosives
Introduction to Explosives FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Overview Military Explosives – C4 – HMX – PETN – RDX – Semtex Commercial Explosives – ANAL – ANFO – Black Powder – Dynamite – Nitroglycerin – Smokeless Powder – TNT – Urea Nitrate Improvised Explosives* – HMTD – TATP *While many military and commercial explosives can be improvised, HMTD and TATP do not have military or commercial purposes. Introduction to Explosives FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Military Explosives Introduction to Explosives FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY C4: Characteristics, Properties, and Overview American name for the 4th generation of Composition C Explosives, also called Harrisite – Western counterpart to Semtex plastic explosive – Requires a blasting cap for detonation Ingredients: – Approximately 90% RDX; remainder is a plasticizer Appearance: – Smells like motor oil, light brown putty-like substance Uses: – Typically for demolition and metal cutting – Can be specially formed to create targeted explosion – Can be used for underwater operations Sensitivity: – Non-toxic, insensitive to shock, will ignite and burn Introduction to Explosives FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY C4: Analysis and Trends U.S. manufactured so likely to be found in countries where the U.S. has military connections A preferred terrorist explosive Damaged hull – Used in 2000 U.S.S. Cole and 2002 Bali nightclub of U.S.S. Cole in Yemeni port bombings – Recommended in Al-Qaeda’s traditional curriculum of explosives training – Frequently used in IEDs in Iraq Can only be purchased domestically by legitimate buyers through -
Chapter 7 Carbohydrates
Chapter 7 Carbohydrates Chapter Objectives: • Learn how to classify carbohydrates. • Learn how to recognize molecules with chiral centers and draw Fischer projections. • Learn how to classify the monosaccharides, and learn their chemical and physical properties. • Learn about the disaccharides and oligosaccharides. • Learn the major types of polysaccharides and their structural and biological features. Mr. Kevin A. Boudreaux Angelo State University CHEM 2353 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Organic and Biochemistry for Today (Seager & Slabaugh) www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea Biochemistry • Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of biomolecules and living organisms. • In organic chemistry, we organized our study of carbon-containing molecules by functional group (alcohol, alkene, ketone, carboxylic acid, etc.). • In the first five chapters, we will take a look at several groups of important biological molecules, many of which have more than one functional group: carbohydrates (Ch. 7), lipids (Ch. 8), proteins and enzymes (Ch. 9 and 10), and nucleic acids (Ch. 11). • We will also examine the synthesis of proteins (Ch. 11), nutrition (Ch. 12) and metabolism (Ch. 13, 14), and important body fluids (Ch. 15). 2 Classification of Carbohydrates 3 Carbohydrates and Biochemistry • Carbohydrates are compounds of tremendous biological importance: – they provide energy through oxidation – they supply carbon for the synthesis of cell components – they serve as a form of stored chemical energy – they form part of the structures of some cells and tissues • Carbohydrates, along with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds are known as biomolecules because they are closely associated with living organisms. 4 Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates, or saccharides (saccharo is Greek for “sugar”) are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that yield such compounds on hydrolysis. -
Identification of the Parameters of Naval Artillery
Crawford K.R., Mitiukov N.W. 1 K. R. Crawford, N. W. Mitiukov Identification of the Parameters of Naval Artillery Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ» Prague 2013 2 Identification of the Parameters of Naval Artillery УДК 517.958.52/59 ББК 22.18 К 78 Crawford K. R., Mitiukov N. W. Identification of the Parame- ters of Naval Artillery. – Prague: Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «So- ciosféra-CZ», 2013. – 212 p. Guiding organization: Gunnery Fire Control Group Reviewers: Dr. William D. O'Neil, Chief Systems Engineer (retired), Captain, U.S. Naval Reserve (retired), Director of Naval Warfare, Department of Defense (USA) Dr. John Brooks, computer engineer (Great Britain) This book deals with the problems of reconstructing ballistic performance, based on eclectic source material. Included are some concrete examples of the identification of the parameters of naval artillery. Also included is a database of naval artillery from the Ironclad Era through World War 2. УДК 517.958.52/59 ББК 22.18 ISBN 978-80-87786-52-9 © K. R. Crawford, N. W. Mitiukov, 2013. © Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ», 2013. Crawford K.R., Mitiukov N.W. 3 CAVALLI, WAHRENDORFF AND THE MAKING OF KRUPP The decade of the 1860s was a period of technical transition in naval warfare. Wood was giving way to iron for shipbuilding and armor protection. Smooth bore guns were giving way to rifles, both muzzle- and breech-loading. And the leading gun makers were graduating from cast iron to steel barrels. And the firm of W.G. Armstrong in Britain was rapidly rising to prominence in the field. -
A Propellant Is a Low Explosive That Because of Its Regularity of Burning Produces a Large Volume of Gas with the Evolution of Heat
A propellant is a low explosive that because of its regularity of burning produces a large volume of gas with the evolution of heat. Shown below are some of the standard propellants used by military systems throughout the world. If you know of any more let me know and I will add them to the table. PROPELLANT CONSTITUENTS ALBANITE (DUPONT) 19.5% DINA 20% NC 55% NITROGUANADINE 4% DIBUTYLPHTHALATE 1% CENTRALITE No. 1 + POT SULPHATE + Pb. ASN SOLVENTLESS 36.25% NG 50% NC 5.75% CARBAMITE 8% DIBUTYLPHTHALATE BALLISTITE (USA) SAA 60% NC (13.25% N) 39% NG 1% DIPHENYLAMINE COATED WITH GRAPHITE BALLISTITE A 39.5% NG 60.5% NC BALLISTITE B16 38% NG 60% NC 1.5% POTASSIUM NITRATE .6% GRAPHITE .5% CARBAMITE BENITE (USA) 40% NC 44.3% POTASSIUM NITRATE 6.3% SULPHUR 9.4% CHARCOAL .5% ETHYL CENTRALITE BULLSEYE (USA) SAA 59.6% NC (13.25% N) 40% NG .4% DIPHENYLAMINE COATED WITH GRAPHITE CARBINE BALL POWDER (USA) 89.3% NC (13.2% N) 9% NG .15% SODIUM SULPHATE .65% CALCIUM CARBONATE .9% DIPHENYLAMINE COMPOSITE PROPELLANT 40.7% AMMONIUM PICRATE (USA) 49.8% POTASSIUM NITRATE ROCKET 4.5% ETHYL CELLULOSE 4.5% CHLORINATED WAX .5% CALCIUM STEARATE CORDITE A 25.5% NG 56.5% NC 4.5% CARBAMITE 3.5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE AN 25.5% NG 56.5% NC 4.5% CARBAMITE .7% POTASSIUM NITRATE 3.5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE CDT 30% NG 65% NC .5% CARBAMITE 4.5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE HSC 47% NG 49.5% NC 3.5% CARBAMITE CORDITE MC 30% NG 65% NC 5% "CRACKED" MINERAL JELLY CORDITE MD 30% NG 65% NC 5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE MK 1 58% NITROGLYCERENE 17% NITROCELLULOSE 5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE N (ARMY)