The Danish Xyelidae and Pamphiliidae (Hymenoptera)
FRED MIDTGAARD, OLE LOMHOLDT & FRANK KOCH
Midtgaard, F., Lomholdt, 0. & Koch, F., 1987, The Danish Xyelidae and Pamphi liidae (Hymenoptera). Ent. Meddr. 55, 31-37. Copenhagen, Denmark, 198x. ISSN 0013-8851.
The Danish material of Xyelidae and Pamphiliidae is being revised and eight species appear to be new to the fauna: Cephalcia alashanica (Gussakovskij), C. intermedia (Hellen), C. lariciphila (Wachtl), C. pa/lidula Gussakovskij, C. j{dlenii (Dalman), Pamphiliusfumipennis (Curtis), P. a/hop ictus (Thomson) and P. variu.1 (Lcpeleticr).
Fred Midtgaard, Norwegian Forest Research Institute, P.O.Box 61, N-1432 A.s-NLH, Norway. Ole Lomholdt, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. Frank Koch, Museum ftir Naturkunde an der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, lnvali denstr. 43, DDR I 04 Berlin, Deutsche Demokratische Republik.
Introduction Agricultural University of Denmark (AU) Since the paper by Nielsen & Henriksen has been revised. ( 1915), only three articles have been Most of the material was identified by F. published about the Danish Pamphiliidae: Midtgaard, but some specimens from Petersens (1966) work on spruce defoliators ZMUC have been determined by Frank and two records of Caeno/yda reticulata Koch. Ole Lomholdt has »interpreted« the (L., 1758) (Overgaard Nielsen 1969, Lom often very strongly abbreviated names of the holdt 1978). localities in the faunistic regions. Up to now 20 species of Pamphiliidae and The identifications follow a combination l species of Xyelidae have been reported of the works of Benes (1974, 1976a, 1976b), from Denmark. Shinohara ( 1980, 1985b), Viitasaari ( 1982) During the present investigation 8 additi and Achterberg & Aartsen ( 1986 ). onal species were found, bringing the total Only synonyms used by Nielsen & Hen number of Danish Pamphiliidae species up riksen ( 1915) are mentioned. to 28. However, several species occurring in the neighbouring countries are to be expected Results and discussion but have not yet been reported from Den The distribution of the species in the fau mark. nistic regions are listed in Table I. No additional species of Xyelidae were found. Xyelidae Xyela ju/ii (Brebisson, 1818): Probably Material and methods overlooked and is so far only known from Material from the Zoological Museum, Uni SJ, LFM, SZ and NEZ. versity of Copenhagen (ZMUC) the Natural The larva developes in male flowers of History Museum of Arhus (NHMA) and the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) (Benson 1954).
Ent. Meddr 55.1- 1987 31 '":l '":l ~ N N '":l '":l t-:1 :s: ril li< N :s: ril U) ril :s: z z li< ....:JU) z z J1l XYELIDAE Xyela julii (Brebisson) PAMPHILIIDAE • • • • Caenolyda reticulata (L.) Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.) • • • !e A. hieroglyphica (Christ) • • • A. posticalis Matsumura • Cephalcia abietis (L.) • • • • c. alashanica (Gussakovskij) • • • • • • • c. arvensis Panzer • re c. intermedia (Hellen) • • • • • • • • c. lariciphila (Wachtl) • c. pallidula Gussakovskij • c. erythrogaster (Hartig) • c. fallenii (Dalman) • • Neurotoma sal tuum (L.) • • N. nemoralis (L.) • • • Pamphilius histrio Latreille • • P. gyllenhali (Dahlbom) • P. inani tus (Villers) • • • P. betulae (L.) • • • P. nemo rum (Gmelin) • • • P. sylvaticus (L.) • P. fumipennis (Curtis) • • • • • • • • P. pallipes (Zetterstedt) • • • • P. vafer (L.) • , • P. albopictus (Thomson) • • . • • P. varius (Lepeletier) • P. marginatus (Lepeletier) • • • • P. hortoru:rn (Klug) • • • • • • P. balteatus (Fallen) • • • Tabel I. Distribution of the Danish Xyelidae and Pamphiliidae. Tabe/1. Udbredelse afde danske Xyelidae og Pamphiliidae.
Imagines fly relatively early (April-June) Pamphiliidae and are easily collected by sweep-netting the Caenolyda reticulata (L., 1758): Recently vegetation under pine trees or by netting discovered in Denmark (Overgaard Nielsen them when they are flying. 1969, Lomholdt 1978), and so far only re A key to the European species is given by ported from Jutland. Schedl (1978). Larva on pine (Pinus spp.) Distributed throughout Europe, North (Lorenz & Kraus 1957). Africa and the USSR (Schedl 1978). Distributed throughout northern and ea-
32 Ent. Meddr 55.1 - 1987 stem Europe and the USSR (Viitasaari The specimens would belong to the sub 1982). species europaea Benes, 1976. C. alashanica europaea is not regarded to be a valid sub Acantholyda erythrocephala (L., 1758): species by Achterberg & Aartsen (1986). Rather abundant, but only known from SJ, Larva on Norway spruce in Europe (Ach EJ, NEJ and NEZ. terberg & Aartsen 1986). Larva on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) Known from Nederland, Finland, Swe (Kontuniemi 1959) and Weymouth pine (P. den, Czechoslovakia Switzerland, USSR, strobus) (Lorenz & Kraus 1957). Mongolia and North China (Achterberg Distributed throughout the Palaearctic & Aartsen 1986). region and North America (probably intro duced) (Viitasaari 1982). C. arvensis Panzer, 1815 (C. signata A. hieroglyphica (Christ, 1791 ): Reported Fabricius, 1781): Very commo!'l in most of as Danish by Nielsen & Henriksen (1915). the country. Some very dark specimens re We have not seen any specimens from Den semble C. intermedia Hellen, 1948. mark. However, as there is a wide range of varia The description of the larval web in tion in the colouration of C. arvensis, see Nielsen & Henriksen ( 1915) fits this species Shinohara ( 1985c), this character is of limi very well, and it is very likely that the spe ted use. It is difficult to find morpbologically cies does occur in Denmark. Nielsen & Hen distinct characters between dark specimens riksen (1915) reported a find from NWZ: (C. intermedia) and pale specimens (C. ar Bromme Plantage. vensis). The species is a well known pest on small According to Vikberg (1982) the fully grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Fennoscan larva of C. intermedia has infuscated fovea dia. on the anal tergite and differs thus from the Distributed throughout Europe and the larva of C. arvensis, which has no infusca USSR (Viitasaari 1982). tion on the anal tergite. The situation in the Cephalcia arvensis complex is further com A. posticalis Matsumura, 1912 (stellata plicated by the fact that the larvae of some Christ, I 791): Known from EJ, LFM, NWZ pale females also have infuscated fovea on and NEZ. Rather frequent. the anal tergite. These pale females differ in Larva on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) colour from typical females of C. arvensis (Kontuniemi 1959). (Vikberg 1982). Distributed throughout Europe, USSR, Larva on spruce Picea spp. (Benes 1976a). Japan and China (Viitasaari 1982). Distributed throughout northern and Cen tral Europe, eastwards to Ussuri and Sakha Cepha/cia abietis (L., 1758): Common in lin (USSR) (Viitasaari 1982). most of the country. Larva on Norway spruce (Picea abies) (Benes 1976a). C. inter media (Hellen, 1948): New to Distributed throughout northern and Cen Denmark. tral Europe, eastwards to Siberia, Sakhalin We have only found one specimen dark en and China (Viitasaari 1982). ough to be a typical C. intermedia. The identification is made on the basis of a single C. alashanica (Gussakovskij, 1935): New character only: the colouration of abdomen. to Denmark. Only two females from: EJ: The specimen is from NEZ: Ravneh0j, Nee Gludsted, I 0. and 24. VII.I980, T.S. Jensen rum, 24.V.l959, B. B. Petersen leg., AU: leg .. One in coli. F. Midtgaard and one in d'.The valvae were partly damaged in an old coil. T.S. Jensen. genitalia preparat.
Ent. Meddr 55.1- 1987 33 C. intermedia is a species living on Nor ven, Silkeborg, 20.v.1956, ? leg.,NHMA: <;> way spruce (Picea abies) (Vikberg 1982, and SJ: Bommerlund, 4.vi.l955, 20.v.l955, Viitasaari 1982). If C. intermedia should fall 22.v.l956, 23.v.l956 and 24.v.l956 B. B. into synonymy, it should be as a synonym of Petersen leg., AU: 9 <;><;>. The specimens from the spruce feeding C. arvensis and not as Bommerlund were identified by R. B. Ben suggested by Achterberg & Aartsen (1986), son, 1966 as members of the arvensis-group. of the larch (Larix ·spp.) feeding C. larici The Danish specimens are very variable in phila. colour, whereas Fennoscandian specimens Little is known about the distribution, but are of the colour-form annulata (Hartig). the species has been found in northern Euro Larva on Norway spruce Picea abies pe and possibly also in Bulgaria and Ru (Benes 1976a). mania (Shinohara 1985c). Distributed throughout northern and Cen tral Europe, and northern USSR (Achter C. lariciphila (Wachtl, 1898): New to berg & Aartsen 1986). Denmark. Two females (det. F. Koch) label led: »2.vii.l977, Dania, coli. Kaj Pedersen« Neurotoma sa/tuum (L., 1758) (N. flavi (?EJ) and »Geels Skov, 21. v.l964., leg. 0. ventris Retzius, 1783): Rare and not collec Lomholdt« (NEZ), both in ZMUC. ted in Denmark since 1911. Known from Larva on larch (Larix spp.) (Benes 1976a). EJ: Dyrmes, LFM: Reds le and NEZ: Distributed throughout the Central and Strandmollen. northern Palaearctic Region (Achterberg & Larva most commonly reported from pear Aartsen 1986). (Pints communis) but the species has also been reported from hawthorn (Cratae C. pallidula Gussakovskij, 1935: New to gus). medlar (Mespilus) Cotoneaster, wild Denmark. One male from Donse, cherry (Prunus avium) apricot (P. armenica) 15.vi.l902, C. R. Larsen leg.,NHMA and and peach (P. persica) (Lorenz & Kraus two males from EJ: Gludsted, 26.VI.I980, 1957). T.S. Jensen leg., in coli. F. Midtgaard (I) Distributed throughout Europe, Asia Mi and T.S. Jensen (I). nor, Transcaucasia and Japan (Shinohara The larva is reported to feed on Siberian 1980). spruce (Picca abies ssp. obm•ata), and the biology has been studied by Verzhutskii N. nemora/is (L., 1758): Rare and not (1973). collected since 1887, except a specimen C. Distributed throughout northern Eurasia, R. Larsen leg., 2.v.l918 with no locality. from Fennoscandia across Siberia to Sakha Found in LFM: Redsle and NEZ :Strand lin (Benes 1976a). mollen. Larva on European bird cherry (Prunus C. erythrogaster (hartig, 1837): Only re padus), blackthorn (P. spinosa), apricot (P. ported from SJ: Bommerlund, 28.v.l955: <;>: armeniaca) peach (P. persica), wild cherry 23.v.l956: o'; 25.v.l956: <;>,all B. B. Peter (P. avium) and plum (P. domestica) (Lorenz sen leg., AU and EJ: Rye, 25.v.l918, leg.?, & Kraus 1957). NHMA:<;>. Distributed throughout West Palaearctic Larva on Norway spruce Picea abies (Shinohara 1980). (Kontuniemi 1959). · Distributed in Central and northwestern Pamphiliu.\ histrio Latreille, 1812: Only Europe (Achterberg & Aartsen 1986 ). recorded from EJ: Skanderborg, 25. v.l869, 0. G. Jensen leg., ZMUC: o'. C. fallenii (Dalman, 1823): New to A key to the Palaearctic species related to Denmark. Only known from EJ: Nordsko- P. histrio is given by Benes ( 1974 ).
34 Ent. Mcddr 55. I - I 9X7 Larva on European aspen (Populus tre P. fumipennis (Curtis, 1832): New to mula) (Chambers 1952). Denmark. The species has been misidenti Distributed throughout Eurasia (Benes fied as P. sy/vaticus in the collections. 1974). Recorded from EJ: Klattrup, 18.vi.l978, T. Munk leg., NHMA: <;?; NEJ: Bolleskov P. gyllenha/i (Dahlbom, 1835): Not com 26.v.1872, O.G. Jensen leg., ZMUC: er; mon, scattered records from EJ, NEJ and LFM: Lolland, Schi0dte, ZMUC: I?; Made NEZ. skov, Lolland, 14.vi.l882, L. J0rgensen leg., Larva on willow (Sa/ix spp., mainly S. ZMUC: er; Lolland, 0. G. Jensen leg., aurita and S. caprea) (Zirngiebl 1940). ZMUC: <;?; NEZ: Geels Skov, 5.vi.l896, C. Distributed throughout Europe (Benes R. Larsen leg., NHMA: <;?; Nordsjlelland, 1974). Drewsen, ZMUC: er, I? and ?NEZ: NS, Schi0dte leg. ZMUC: 2 M, 2 1?1?· P. inanitus (Villers, 1789): Only in the Larva on hazel (Corylus avellana) and eastern parts: NWZ, NEZ and B. gray alder (Alnus incana) (Kontuniemi Larva on Rosa cinnamomea and R. pim 1959). pinellifo/ia (Kontuniemi 1959). Distributed throughout Europe and the Distributed throughout Europe (Benes European parts of the USSR (Shinohara 1974). 1985b).
P. betu/ae (L., 1758): Scattered records P. pallipes (Zetterstedt, 1838): Not com from SJ, EJ and NEZ. mon, only reported from EJ and NEZ. Larva on European aspen (Popu/us tre Larva on birch (Betula spp.) (Malaise mu/a) (Chambers 1952). 1921 ). Reported to feed on alder (Alnus viri Distributed throughout Eurasia (Benes dis) by Schedl (197 5). Alnus spp. are also 1974). the food-plants in Japan (Shinohara & Oku P. nemorum (Gmelin, 1788): (lucorum tani 1983). Fabricius, 1775): Very rare, only one female Distributed throughout Central and nor from EJ: Horsens, 9.vi.1872, 0. G. Jensen thern Europe through the USSR to Japan leg., ZMUC. (Benson 1951). Larva on strawberry (Fragaria vesca) (Konow 1897). P. vafer (L., 1767): Rather common, Distributed throughout Europe and the found in most regions. For a long time P. European parts of USSR (Shinohara 1985b). depressus (Schrank, 1781) was regarded to be a synonym of P. vafer (Malaise & Benson P. sy/vaticus (L., 1758) (si/vaticus misspel 1934), and P. depressus was also listed as a ling): Common, found in most districts. synonym for P. vafer by Benes (1976b). In Larva on rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), haw Finland it has been customary to distinguish thorn (Crataegus spp.), European bird cher between P. vafer and P. depressus based on ry (Prunus padus), plum (P. domestica) and differences in colouration, minor differences blackthorn (P. spinosa) (Lorenz & Kraus in the male genitalia and probably also in 1957). Nielsen & Henriksen (1915) report the choice of food-plant (Viitasaari 1982). the species from poplar (Popu/us) and wil The differentiation is rather easy in Finnish low (Sa/ix). These reports are undoubtedly material, but in the approximately 70 speci based on misidentifications. Distributed mens examined by FM from Norway and throughout Europe and the European parts Denmark a number of intermediates occur, of the USSR (Shinohara 1985b). and the characters intermingle in these ma A key to. the species of the sy/vaticus-group terials. We therefore regard P. depressus to is given by Shinohara (1985b). be synonymous with P. vafer. This is also
Ent. Meddr 55, I - 1987 35 the opinion of Achterberg & Aartsen (1986). Distributed throughout western Palaearc Larva on alder (Alnus spp.). (Kontuni tic (Viitasaari 1982) . emi 1959). P. va/i'r is distributed throughout northern P. hortorum (Klug, 1808): Only reported and Central Europe eastwards to Japan (Be from SJ, EJ and NEZ. nes 1976b). Larva on raspberry (Rubus idaeus) (Kon tuniemi 1959). P. albopictus (Thomson, 1871): New to The species was regarded as comprising Denmark, only one specimen from EJ: Byg two subspecies in northern Europe by Ben holm near Horsens l.vi.l869 O.G. Jensen son ( 1945). The Danish specimens belong to leg., ZMUC: <;>. The specimen was reported ssp. bicinctus Benson 1945, which is distri as P. depressus by Nielsen & Henriksen buted throughout Scotland, Fennoscandia (1915). and Denmark; the nominal subspecies, P. Larva on European bird cherry (Prunus hortorum hortorum is known from Central padus) (Kangas 1961, Kangas & Kangas Europe and England (Benson 1945). 1963). As food-plants Nielsen & Henriksen ( 1915) mention alder (Alnus spp.) and birch P. balteatus (Fallen, 1808): Only known (Betula spp.), most likely based on literature from EJ: Pamhule Skov, 2.vii.l969, A. Lin records of the food-plants of the species here debo Hansen, leg. NHMA: <;>; Vejle, called P. va/i'r and P. varius. 6.vi.l873, 0. G. Jensen, leg., ZMUC: <;>; Distributed throughout Eurasia (Benes and 2 specimens Schiodte and Wiistnei, leg., 1976b). respectively, with unreadable labels (ZMUC). P. varius (Lepeletier, 1823): New to Den Larva on Rosa cinnamomea and R. pim mark. The species was previously identified pinell((olia (Kontumiemi 1959). asP. vafer. Found in EJ: Hald. Rye, Schiod Distributed throughout the Palearctic re te, leg. ZMUC: d'; Klattrup, s. of Vejle. gion (Shinohara 1985a). 5.vi.l974, T. Munk, leg. NHMA: <;>; LFM: Falster, Schiodte, leg., ZMUC: 2 d'd'; NEZ: Tryggemd, NS, vi.l840, Drewsen, leg., ZMUC: <;>; Strandmollen vi.l860, Drew sen, leg., ZMUC: d'; J
36 Ent. Meddr 55,1 - 1987 Acknowledgements Malaise, R. 1921. Beitrge zur Kenntnis schwe We are indebted to Borge Petersen (ZMUC), discher Blattwespen. Ent. Tidskr. 42 ( 1): 1-20. Peter Gjelstrup Thorkild Munk and Thomas Malaise, R. & Benson, R. B. 1934. The Lin nean types of sawflies (Hym., Symphyta). Ark. Secher Jensen (NHMA) and Broder Bejer Zoo/. 26 (20): 1-14. Petersen (AU) for loan of specimens. Nielsen, J.C. & Henriksen, K. 1915. Tra:- og 8/adhvepse. G.E.C. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn. 232 pp. Overgaard Nielsen, B. 1969, Bladvepsen Ce pha/cia reticulata L. (Hymenoptera: Pamphi Literature liidae), ny for Danmark. Flora og Fauna 75: 65-67. Achterberg, C. van & Aartsen, B. van. 1986. Petersen, B. B. 1966, The sawfly fauna on The European Pamphiliidae (Hymenoptera: Norway spruce in a Danish Plantation, with a Symphyta), with special reference to The comparison to some other NW -European Netherlands. Zoo/. Verh. Leiden 234: 1-98. countries. Ent. Meddr 34 (3): 221-232. Benes, K. 1974. The Siberian species of Schedl, W. 1975. Zur Kenntnis der phytopha Pamphilius Latr. related to P. histrio Latr. gen lnsekten der Griinerle Alnus viridis (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Acta ent. bo (Chaix) D.C. Berich. Arh. skol. Entom. Gra:: hemoslovaca 71: 298-314. 6: 25-34. Benes, K. 1976a. Revision of the European Schedl, W. 1978. Die Xyelidae Europas (Hy species of Cephalcia Panzer, 1805 (Hymenop menoptera). Ber. naturw.-med. Ver. Innsbruck tera Pamphiliidae). Studie CSA V 3: 1-67. 65:97-115. Benes, K. 1976b, The Siberian species of the Shinohara, A. 1980. East-Asian species of the genus Pamphilius related to P. va/i?r (L.) (Hy genus Neurotoma (Hymenoptera, Pamphilii menoptera, Pamphiliidae). Acta ent. bohemo dae). Trans. Shikoku ent. Soc. 15: 87-117. slovaca 73: 159-173. Shinohara, A. & Okutani, T. 1983. Host Benson, R. B. 1945, Sawflies represented in plants of Japanese Pamphiliidae (Hymenop the mainland of Britain by two races (Hymen tera, Pamphiliidae). Kontyzi. Tokio 51 (2): optera, Symphyta). Entomologist{ man. Mag 276-281. 81: 103-105. Shinohara, A. 1985a. Pamphilius itoi n.sp. Benson, R. B. 19 51. Hymenoptera I. Section from Japan and the southern Kuriles, with (a). Hamlbk. /dent. Br. insects 6 21a): 1-49. notes on Pamphilius ha/tea/us (Falln) (Hy Benson, R. B. 1954. The finding of many lar menoptera, Pamphiliidae). Kontyzi, Tokio 53 vae of the sawfly Xyela julii Brebisson (Hym., 13): 452-460. Xyelidae). Entomologists man. Mag. 90: 93. Shinohara, A. 1985b. Web-spinning sawflies Chambers, V. H. 1952. The Natural History of the sylvaticus -group of Pamphi/ius (Hy of some Pamphi/ius species (Hymenoptera, menoptera, Pamphiliidae). Syst. Ent. 10: Pamphiliidae). Tram. Soc. Br. Ent. I 115!: 323-351. 125-140. Shinohara, A. 1985c. Some records of Euro Kangas, E. 1961. Zur Biologic von Pamphilius pean Pamphiliidae. Entomologist.{ Ga::.. 36: alhopictus Thorns. (Hymenoptera, Pamphi 161-164. liidae). Ann/s. en!. Fenn. 27: 69-72. Stritt, W. 1937. Die Larve des Pamphilius Kangas, E. & Kangas, J. 1963. Die Larve von marginatus Lep. (Hym.,Tenthr.) Mill. Dt. ent. Pamphilius albopictus Thorns. (Hymenoptera, Ges. 8: 20-22. Pamphiliidae). Ann/~. en!. Fenn. 19: 267-269. Verhutskii, B. J. 1973. Oprede/itel licinok Konow, F. 1897. Systematische und Kritische rogohvostov i pililscikov Sihiri i Dalnego vo Bearbeitung der Blattwespen-Tribus Lydini. stoka. Moskva. Ann/nnaturh. Mus. Wienl2: 1-32,231-255. v'ikberg, V. 1982. Notes on the taxonomy and Kontuniemi, T. 1959. Die Futterpflanzen der the nomenclature of some mainly Fennoscan Sagewespenlarven (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). dian sawflies (Hym., Symphyta). Notul Ent. Anima/ia Fenn. 9: 1-104. 62:61-65. Lomholdt, 0. 1978, To nye fund af Cephalcia Viitasaari, M. 1982. Sahapistiiset 2. Xyeloidea reticula/a (L.) i Danmark (Hymenoptera, ja Megalodontoidea. Report Univ. ofHelsinki, Pamphiliidae). En!. Meddr 46.: 132. Dept. Agric. For. Zoo/. 5: 1-4 7. Lorenz, H. & Kraus, M. 1957. Die Larvalsy Zirngiebl, L. 1940. Beitrage zur Lebensgeschichte stematik der Blallwespen (Tenthredinoidea der Blattwespen. Verh. naturh.-Med. Ver. und Megalodontoidea). Berlin. 339 pp. Heidelb. 18: 309-331.
Ent. Meddr 55.1 - 1987 37