Cultural Landscapes Inventory, Lyons Ranches Historic District, Redwood National Park
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory 2004 Lyons Ranches Historic District Redwood National Park Cultural Landscape Inventory: Lyons Ranches Historic District Redwood National Park Redwood National Park concurs with the finclings, including the Management Category and Condition Assessment assigned through completion of this Cultural Landscape Inventory for the Lyons Ranches Historic District as listed below: MANAGEMENT CATEGORY B: Should be preserved and maintained CONDITION ASSESSMENT: Fair Superintendent, ~edwoodNational Park Date Please return this form to: Shaun Provencher PWR CLI Coordinator National Park Service I 7 7 I Jackson Street, Suite 700 Oakland, CA 94607 LYONS RANCHES HISTORIC DISTRICT REDWOOD NATIONAL PARK California SHPO Eligibility Determination Section 110 Actions Requested: 1) SHPO concurrence with Determination of Eligibility (DOE) of the proposed Lyons Ranches Historic District for listing on the National Register, 2) SHPO concurrence with the addition of structures to the List of Classified Structures (LCS). (See chart below). x-I concur, Additional information is needed to concur, I do not concur with the proposed Lyons Ranches Historic District eligibility for listing (DOE) on the National Register of Historic Places. * See attached comments below. x- I concur, Additional information is needed to concur, I do not concur that the Setting as described in the CLI contributes to the historic district (see the following landscape characteristics: natural systems and features, spatial organization, cluster arrangement, topography and vegetation). Based on the information provided in the CLI, the following previously unevaluated structures have been identified as contributing to the proposed Lyons Ranches Historic District: Structure Name Do not Concu Based on the information provided in the CLI, the following previously unevaluated structures have been identified as not contributing to the Lyons Ranches Historic District: Based on the information provided in the CLI, the significance of the following previously unevaluated structures to the Lyons Ranches Historic District could not be determined: ~CSnumber 1 Structure Name Concur I Do not Concur I Reasons1comments why 'Additional Information Is Needed To Concur' or 'Do Not Concur' were checked: The CLI presents a good case for the ranch's significance under criterion A as one of the only surviving intact examples of the sheep ranching industry in northern Humboldt County. It documents the prominence of the Lyon family in the industry and in the community for most of the ninety years of Anglo settlement in the area. The report also presents a well documented argument for the property's significance as a sheep ranching landscape which exhibits a full range of resource types and integrity. The SHPO concurs that the property is eligible under these two criteria. However, the eligibility of the property under criterion A as an example of the socio1economic relationships between Anglo settlers and Native Americans is poorly documented and appears to rest primarily on the evidence of intermarriage between the Lyon family and members of the local Hoopa community. The report indicates that this intermarriage did not result in a blending of cultures or in the Lyon family participating in local Native American ceremonies or cultural life. The fact that the ranch employed Native Americans is evidence of economic interactionldependency, but the report fails to provide any detail regarding this relationship and how it was representative or unique within the area. The SHPO does not concur that the property is eligible under criterion A for its association with the establishment and development of social and economic relationships between Native Americans and settlers in the Bald Hills area. California State Histori Preservation Officer Date ____________________________________________________ Table of Contents Part 1 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Park Information............................................................................................................................................ 3 Property Level and CLI Number ................................................................................................................... 3 Inventory Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Component Landscape Description.............................................................................................................. 4 CLI Hierarchy Description ............................................................................................................................. 5 Location Map................................................................................................................................................. 6 Boundary Description.................................................................................................................................... 7 Site Plans ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 Chronology.................................................................................................................................................. 12 Statement of Significance ........................................................................................................................... 16 History Part 2a Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Lyons Family and Sheep Ranching in the Bald Hills – Initial Settlement: 1850-1868 ..................... 5 Acquiring Land and Establishment of Sheep Ranching Operations: 1868 - 1888 .......................... 7 Jonathan Lyons’s Sons Begin Ranching: 1888 – 1900 ................................................................. 10 Part 2b Second Generation of Ranching: 1901 – 1909................................................................................ 1 Second Generation of Ranching Continues: 1910 – 1930s............................................................. 2 Third Generation of Ranching: 1940s - 1972................................................................................... 5 Lyons Ranches as Part of Redwood National Park......................................................................... 6 Analysis and Evaluation Part 3a Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Natural Systems and Features ........................................................................................................ 1 Spatial Organization......................................................................................................................... 8 Cluster Arrangement........................................................................................................................ 9 Circulation ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Part 3b Topography ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Vegetation ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Buildings and Structures ................................................................................................................ 10 Small Scale Features..................................................................................................................... 24 Archeological Sites......................................................................................................................... 30 Management Information Part 4 Descriptive and Geographic Information.......................................................................................... 1 National Register Information .......................................................................................................... 5 Adjacent Lands Information ............................................................................................................. 7 General Management Information ................................................................................................... 9 Condition Assessment and Impacts................................................................................................. 9 Treatment and Costs...................................................................................................................... 12 Documentation Assessment and Checklist.................................................................................... 14 Appendix Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 15 Site Maps ____________________________________________________ Lyons Ranches Historic District Redwood National Park Executive Summary General Introduction to the CLI The Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) is a comprehensive inventory of all historically significant landscapes within the National Park System. This evaluated