Remembering Dr. Arthur Crane Risser, Part III by Josef Lindholm, III Senior Aviculturist, the Dallas World Aquarium

Remembering Dr. Arthur Crane Risser, Part III By Josef Lindholm, III Senior Aviculturist, The Dallas World Aquarium

Editor’s note: This is the a crucial component in the wild population, then to create recent years, AFA has assisted third and final part of our series agreements by which Pandas an in situ captive population in supporting this work (War- on Dr. Arthur Crane Risser. can now be seen in San Diego, of more than 50 birds (from den, 2006). Previous installments can be Memphis, Atlanta and Wash- a low of around a dozen in At the same time, the found in Watchbird issues 37-1 ington D.C., with U.S.-born 1993). Since 2002, this species Zoological Society’s efforts and 36-4. cubs joining the Chinese cap- has existed only in captivity. snatched another island’s n his 17 years as the San tive population. Under David Other critically endangered passerine from the brink of Diego Zoo’s general man- Rimlinger, ornithological and Hawaiian passerines have ben- extinction. The San Clemente ager, followed by three avicultural research in China efited profoundly from this Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius yearsI as director of Animal continues, including fieldwork program. Since its discovery , con- ludovicianus mearnsi) Collections for both parks, with tragopans and Chinese in 1891, the Puaiohi, or Small fined to the California Chan- until his retirement in 2006, Monals (Bell, 1995). Kaua’i Thrush (Myadestes nel Island of that name, was Art Risser had far more to The Zoological Society of palmeri) has always been very found to number no more concern him than the bird San Diego’s international con- rare, and at least since the than 20 in the early 1990s. As collection. He certainly conservation programs have long 1970’s has numbered in the Loggerhead Shrikes have never tinued to play a pivotal role focused on island endemics. low hundreds. Eggs were col- been a common avicultural in aviculture. However, his During Art’s tenure, several lected in 1996 and 1997. The subject, experiments were first focus shifted from day-to-day crucial and now very prom- resulting chicks produced conducted with birds from management of the zoo’s birds ising projects were initiated. more than 200 captive-bred the California mainland (L. l. to aviculture in the service of Alan Lieberman, who com- offspring, and more than 100 gambeli). Eggs of this subspe- international conservation. menced work at the San Diego have been returned to the wild cies were collected from the He became increasingly Zoo in 1973, and served as (Lindholm, 2008, Warden, wild and hatched at the Avian involved in the Zoological Assistant Curator to Art, then 2006). Very little meaningful Propagation Center (Keuhler, Society’s programs with the succeeded him, was, with his aviculture had been conducted 1991), where an optimal hand- People’s Republic of China. wife, Cyndi Kuehler, in charge with Hawaii’s Honeycreepers rearing protocol was deter- Of course, the exchanges of of the Society’s Hawaiian before the establishment of this mined. Six chicks and four animals with Chinese zoos Endangered Bird Conserva- conservation program. A num- eggs (transported in millet) resulted not only in the afore- tion Program (Warden, 2006) ber of species have been since were then collected on San mentioned genetic refresh- from 1993 until 2000. He con- bred in captivity, in particular Clemente, and transported ment of U.S. pheasant blood- tinues to oversee it, along with the Palila (Loxoides bailleui), to the zoo’s Avian Propaga- lines, as well as founders for a variety of other programs, in a finch-like species adapted tion Center, where complete the now flourishing American his capacity as director of field to eating poisonous mamane success was achieved with the populations of Red-crowned programs for the society. In a seeds. It is estimated that it rearing of 10 chicks (Lieber- Cranes, but a wide variety of tribute at Art’s memorial ser- now only occupies less than 10 man, 1991). These birds were mammals as well. The presence vice, Alan attributed the con- percent of its original range on returned to the island, where in of Sichuan Takins, Chinese tinued existence of the Hawai- the Big Island of Hawaii, with situ aviaries were constructed Gray Gorals, Tufted Deer, and ian Crow or ‘Alala (Corvus a total population of fewer for a captive-breeding proj- Francois Langurs in Ameri- hawaiiensis), to Art’s fore- than 5,000. A captive breed- ect, administered by the Zoo- can zoos is the result of San sight in funding and supporting program for the Palila was logical Society, and funded Diego’s overtures. Art’s style ing this work (Kuehler & Lie- established in 1996, and 18 of by the U.S. Navy. A captive and charm served the Zoo- berman, 1994). Techniques the resulting offspring were flock of roughly 60 birds has logical Society well in China. developed and refined at the released from 2003 through since been established there. And his diplomacy is cred- Avian Propagation Center 2006. It was confirmed that Initially, hand-reared chicks ited by his colleagues involved were applied to rearing young some of these birds had repro- were released, but none were with the Giant Panda Con- crows taken from the last wild duced in the wild in 2004 recruited into the wild popula- servation Foundation as being nests, initially to augment the and 2005 (Warden, 2006). In tion. Since 2000, parent-raised

AFA Watchbird 7 PhotograPhy by DaviD rimlinger Above left, Art Risser exploring a new enclosure. Above right, Risser at the dedication of an exhibition for Chinese Monals. The U.S. zoo importation of this rare pheasant was made during his curatorship. birds have been liberated, and bird societies and the names years, the government granted than 200 species of parrots she substantially augmented the of a few local bird fanciers, I them a reprieve, especially in had worked with (Low, 1998). breeding population (Lind- casually asked, with tongue the face of impassioned cor- However, this experience was holm, 2008). in cheek, if they were truing respondence from the AFA to lead the Zoological Soci- While the projects for to peddle ‘hot birds’… “Oh, and other aviculturists (Ris- ety of San Diego to profound Hawaiian passerines and San certainly not,” I was assured. ser, 1978a, Low, 1985). It was involvement in the conserva- Clemente Shrikes were initi- Their major interest was just to instead agreed to send them tion of Central Pacific birds. ated with careful planning and get acquainted with the private to England for quarantine, in The provisions of a 1988 research, another long-term collectors so that they might the aviaries of none other than master plan for the zoo’s island project began when rare be able to exchange birds. The Rosemary Low. It was the Tahiti Lories included in situ birds unexpectedly entered the next day I saw contacted by intention to send them to San programs in French Polyne- zoo’s collection under startling one of the aviculturists whose Diego, but after a ninety day sia. This commenced in Janu- circumstances. name I had provided. “Hey, quarantine in Ms. Low’s aviary, 1990, when several staff As Art related it: “It was what do you know about two aries, half of them developed members traveled there to late on a Sunday afternoon, guys offering Vini peruviana… fatal stress before they reached meet with government offi- 2 October 1977, when I They called yesterday and the airport. It was agreed to cials with the purpose of cre- received a call from the Secu- offered to sell these birds for keep the remaining three in ating joint programs between rity Office notifying me of $7,000 a pair! I didn’t know her care, where they soon bred the Zoological Society and the three visitors, ‘They’re inter- there were any in the coun- (Low, 1985). French and local governments ested in birds and want to try…” (Risser, 1978a). Years By that time, San Diego (Kuelher, 1990). (French Poly- ask you some questions’. And later, Sheldon Dingle told me Zoo already held Tahiti Lories, nesia is politically an Overseas indeed they were interested in he made the call. as another smuggled group was Department of France). Ini- birds! Through an interpreter The six smuggled birds were confiscated on Jan. 25, 1978. tially, these efforts focused on who said she was a French- seized by U.S. authorities five This time, these eight birds had the Tahiti Lory and its avicul- Canadian, the two men, one days after Art’s visit. At the been quarantined in Hono- ture, and included the addition from New Caledonia and the time, there was still great con- lulu. At least 50 would be fully of a male and four females to other from Tahiti, expressed cern regarding the threat of a reared there. Sadly, this spe- San Diego’s holdings in 1990 a desire to obtain the names Newcastle’s disease outbreak cies was not to be established (Lowe, 1998) (ISIS continues of several aviculturists and posed by un-quarantined in aviculture, partially due to list two specimens at San avicultural organizations in birds, and had they been any- to the unusual aggressiveness Diego). However, the focus Southern California from thing else they would most between members of breed- soon shifted to the neigh- whom they might be able to likely have been destroyed. But, ing pairs, and susceptibility to boring Marquesas, where the acquire birds for their private since they were endangered stress, leading Rosemary Low Ultramarine Lory (Vini ultra- collection. After providing birds of a species not seen in to consider them “the most marine) was undergoing an them with a reference sheet of aviculture in more than thirty heart-breaking “ of the more alarming population decline.

8 Volume XXXVII • Number 2 • 2010 PhotograPhy by DaviD rimlinger Risser and John Azua (now Curator of Birds at Denver Zoo), on expedition In Papua New Guinea in 1986.

By the early 1990s, it appeared He did this in the face of mas- in 1988. By 1998 there were Andean Condor breedings that the only viable popula- sive opposition from powerful more than 150 living con- had occurred in a huge avi- tion existed on the island of conservation groups. At times, dors. Today, there are more ary built by the Works Prog- Ua Huka, descended from a in the 1980s, I was reminded than 350, with almost 200 in ress Administration in 1936. single pair introduced from of these lines from Tom Leh- the wild, in the U.S. and Mex- In 1960 this aviary became the the island of Ua Pou in 1941 rer’s song, “Poisoning Pigeons ico. Reproduction among wild walk-through rainforest, and (Kuehler et al, 1996). Work- in the Park”: birds resumed in 2003. many of its fomer exhibited in ing with local authorities, the “We’ve gained notoriety The San Diego Zoo, which a large former koala cage near San Diego team transferred and caused mush anxiety in had maintained a California the elephants. In 1970, a large 29 birds to the island of Fatu the Audubon Society with our Condor from 1929 to 1940, new aviary, constructed in the Hiva, where there were then no games. They call it impiety and had sought to inaugurate a then novel suspension wire lories. The bird were divided in lack of propriety and quiet a breeding program in 1949, and telephone pole style, was three shipments, one each year variety of unpleasant names.” when it applied for a permit to constructed in a canyon. It was from 1992 through 1994. By Indeed, the National Audu- capture one pair. The zoo had filled with birds of prey from 1994, juveniles were observed bon Society, which had given good reason to anticipate posi- around the world, including on that island. Attention was guarded support since 1975 tive results, as a pair of Andean several Andean Condors, but, also focused on the conserva- to forming a captive breeding Condors produced nine chicks to my knowledge, only ravens tion of the enormous Nuka program for this species, came there from 1942 through 1952 bred there. Hiva Imperial Pigeon (Ducula out in total opposition against (Risser, 1981c). A permit was In 1980, Art dispersed galeata), conducting biologi- capturing the final wild adults granted by the California Fish the birds in this aviary and it cal surveys. Neither of these following the loss of six of the and Game Commission in became the sole abode of a pair Marquesan species was ever remaining 15 wild birds in the 1952, but this was rescinded of Andean Condors, on breed- brought to the San Diego Zoo. winter of 1984–1985, going in 1954, before any birds were ing loan from the Houston Art was very much involved so far as to sue the U.S. Fish captured, because of opposi- Zoo (Risser, 1981c). With the in these programs, repeatedly and Wildlife Service (Risser, tion, from other parties, the hatching of “Rodan” in 1981, traveling to French Polynesia 1987). Audubon Society (Toone, the propagation of this species himself in his capacity as gen- In the end, the captive 1991). resumed at the San Diego Zoo eral manager and director of breeding advocates prevailed, Art’s efforts toward reviv- after a hiatus of 29 years. The animal collections. and the last wild Calfornia ing a captive propagation pro- significance of this achieve- Art’s most celebrated Condor was taken into cap- gram for California Condors ment went beyond the obvi- involvement in conservation tivity in 1987. The total world began during his curatorship ous implications. The egg from aviculture was his tireless and population then stood at 27 of the bird department. A vital which “Rodan” hatched was determined efforts to estab- birds. The world first full cap- early step occurred as part of pulled for artificial incuba- lish a captive breeding popu- tive breeding took place at the his collection reduction strat- tion two days after it was laid. lation of California Condors. San Diego Wild Animal Park egy. San Diego’s 1942–1952 The Houston pair laid another

AFA Watchbird 9 egg a month and three days Society in other capacities as endangered species exist, field work in Colombia, over- after the first one, and reared before became the Director and as long as there are biolo- saw these efforts, inaugurat- the resulting chick them- of the ECOLIFE Founda- gists who are thoughtful, ana- ing his increasing involvement selves (Toone, 1981b). Thus, tion, which he founded. Bill lytical and resolute, there will in the Zoological Society’s off- reclutching, already accom- Toone, in an interview with always be controversy. But as campus projects. plished at San Diego in 1950 the San Diego Union-Tribune responsible stewards for wild Al Lieberman, Bill Toones, (Lint, 1959), was demon- (Gonzalez, 2009) reminisced life, our obligation should be and David Rimlinger are but strated to skeptics, paving the about a pivotal hearing of to provide the support neces- a few of the people who’s life’s way for the initiation of a pro- the Department of Fish and sary to supplement and bolster work was deeply influenced gram, which, through 1986 Game where much opposi- what we see faltering in nature by Art Risser. The San Diego collected 16 eggs from five tion was expressed towards because of our own selfish Zoo’s longtime director and pairs of California Condors the taking of the last Califor- presence. How well we accom- CEO of the Zoological Soci- for artificial incubation. Four nia Condors into captivity: plish this will be measured in ety, Doug Myers, summed up of the pairs double-clutched “It was a packed hearing and the annals of natural history Art’s guidance thusly: “Art and three triple-clutched (Sny- all these people were bring- by future generations” (Risser, Risser was one those individu- der & Snyder,2005). ing up challenges… Art never 1987). als who changed the world. But Of the 16 collected eggs, 13 moved and he never raised his Art’s 1980 decision to he never seemed to be aware produced surviving chicks. It hand, even when they men- reduce the population of the of the magnitude of what he is, of course, well known that tioned him by name. I won- 1970 flight cage to a single accomplished. He simply fol- they were hand-raised with dered, ‘Why doesn’t he defend pair of Andean Condors was lowed his heart, accomplish- puppets. The Andean Con- it?’ He waited about a minute not only to have far reaching ing the incredible with sim- dor that hatched from the first before the end of the hearing effects for California Con- plicity, genuine concern, and 1981 egg at the San Diego Zoo, and he answered every point dors, but for Andeans as well. a desire to include everyone in was puppet-reared (Risser, and argument. In just a cou- Following the production of his work” (Ginzalez, 2009). 1981d, Toone, 1981b), setting ple of sentences, he addressed the two 1980 chicks, breeding With all his decades of the in place the protocol for rais- all the issues and concerns in continued at the zoo. Some work for the Zoological Soci- ing the astounding number of a beautiful way… He got the female birds were experimen- ety, Art was also a devoted hus- California Condors at the San last and very eloquent word, tally released in California band, father and gardener. His Diego Wild Animal Park, Los not because he wanted to get Condor habitat (and even- friendships were long-lasting. Angeles Zoo, and Peregrine the last word, but because he tually retrieved) 1980s. All He was also seriously commit- Fund, which reversed this spe- wanted to formulate concise 10 breeding pairs of Andean ted to the promotion of private cies decline towards extinc- answers that would address all Condors in American zoos aviculture. tion. This procedure had been the concerns.” were encouraged to double- The American Federation developed by Michael Wallace, Although much of the sub- or triple-clutch. By the end of Aviculture was inaugu- then at the University of Wis- sequent work with California of the 1980s, there was a sur- rated in part to contend with consin. He went on to direct Condors, Art was very much plus of U.S.-bred male Ande- impending legislation that, if the California Condor propa- involved in their day to day ans. It was decided to return implemented, might very well gation efforts at the Los Ange- husbandry. (“Those suckers these birds to South America, have resulted in a far more les Zoo, and is now employed were rank!” was his comment specifically to Colombia, at restricted form of aviculture by the Zoological Society of on the specially designed hand- the northern edge of the spe- than that which we are privi- San Diego where he serves as rearing puppets, after a certain cies’ range, where it was near- leged to practice today. Threat- the Director of the California period of use.) In Noel and ing extinction. A number of ening to arrive on the heels of Condor Recovery Team. Helen Snyder’s (2005) author- males were released, while the 1973 Newcastle’s impor- William Toone, then a itative book on the species, Art other U.S.-bred pairs were tation restrictions was legisla- keeper in the zoo’s bird depart- appears and very hands-on in placed in Colombian zoos to tion that Art described thusly: ment, was responsible for plates 68 and 75. In a presenta- produce further candidates “In 1974, the injurious wild- puppet-rearing “Rodan” tion he made at the 1987 Dela- for re-introduction. Al Lie- life legislation was proposed (Toone, 1981d). He went on to cour Convention, a year before berman, who succeeded Art which would have curtailed became the Curator of Birds at the first captive-conceived as the zoo’s curator of birds in altogether the importation of the San Diego Wild Animal bird was hatched, Art con- 1986, and had previously con- some species of birds as being Park, and served the Zoological cluded by observing: “So long ducted Peace Corps-funded detrimental to certain ‘named

10 Volume XXXVII • Number 2 • 2010 interests’. At least for the time Marvin’s tutelage. I was able to references Condor. ZooNooz 64 (No. 11): being, the injurious wildlife do this again in 1984. By then, Anon. (1987) International Founda- 6–11. _____. (1991) Conservation crisis proposal has been tabled but Marvin was essentially part of tion for Conservation of Birds. Proceedings—Jean Delacour/ for the San Clemente Island Log- by no means have we heard the my family, and his encourage- IFCB Symposium on Breeding gerhead Shrike. ZooNooz 64 (No. end of it” (Risser, 1976a). That ment, advice, and introduc- birds in Captivity xi–xviii. 10): 12–14. proposal was one of the prime tion to a myriad of zoo friends Bell, C. (1995) Tracking the elu- . Lieberman, A. C. Kuehler, A. Var- sive monal. ZooNooz 68 (No. ney, & W. Everett (1994) Island targets of AFA’s first lobbying over a quarter century, until 4):8–13. Conservation: A biological efforts, led by Jerry Jennings, his death in 2006, have had an Bercovitz, A.B, F. Frye, & J. Bain imperative. ZooNooz 67 (No. 3): and, nearly 40 years later, it incalculable effect. (1983) What sex is that condor?. 18–21. Lindholm, J.H. (1988) Captain continues to be held at bay. It As previously mentioned, ZooNooz 56 (No. 10): 14–15. Dolan, J.M. (1966) From the Boehm Delacour at the Bronx, 1940- is thus not surprising that Art Art bore much credit for the aviaries… where birds are capture 1947. Avicultural Magazine 94: was an enthusiastic early sup- Jean Delacour/IFCB Sympo- in porcelin. ZooNooz 39 (No. 3): 31–56. porter of the AFA. He found sia on Breeding Birds in Cap- 8–9. _____. (1993) K.C. Lint, March 19, 1912—December 3, 1992 (Part time to write three articles for tivity, held in Los Angeles in Dolan, J.M. & M. Moran (1970) Historical list of Aves exhibited I) AFA Watchbird 20(No. 2): Watchbird in its early years 1983 and 1987. As noted else- and bred in the San Diego Zoo- 55–56. (Risser, 1977a&b, 1980). Early where (Jaffe, 1994), the efforts logical Gardens (Part 1. Psittaci- _____. (1993) The publications of issues of this magazine are full that resulted in the contin- formes). Der Zoologischer Garten K.C. Lint. Avicultural Magazine 39: 41–57. 99: 79–92. of pictures from San Diego’s ued existence of the Guam Gonzalez, B. (2009) Obituary: _____. (1999) An historical review famous photo library. And the Rail and the Guam Kingfisher Art Risser; zoo manager played of parrots bred in zoos in the AFA National Convention at began at the 1983 Sympo- key role in conservation Pro- U.S.A. Avicultural Magazine 105: 145–183. San Diego in 1981 will be long sium. That conference was also grams. San Diego Union Tri- bune, Jan. 2: www.signon _____. (2008) Notes on the IV remembered for the 750 del- a milestone for me. In a cor- sandiego.com/news/2009/ International Symposium on egates who attended, and its ner of the exhibit room stand jan/02/1m2risser232759-art- Breeding Birds in Captivity. Avi- remarkable speakers’ list (Low, a glass case where I presented risser/ cultural Magazine 114: 49–62. Lint, K.C. (1959) San Diego’s 2006, 34). The San Diego Zoo a poster session on Jean Dela- Greeley, A.C. (1983) 60 and in their prime. ZooNooz 56 (No. 2):13- Andean Condors—A closeup of and Wild Animal Park were cour’s work at the Bronx Zoo 16. one of the world’s most inacces- very much involved in this during World War II. That Jaffe, M. (1994) And no birds sing— sible birds. ZooNooz 32 (No. 3): event. was my first public presenta- The story of an ecological disaster 3–7. in a tropical paradise. Simon and _____. (1962) White Bali Mynahs tion, and eventually evolved Schuster. seldom leave their island. Zoo- conclusion into my first article for the Jouett, J. (1982) Heart of the Zoo—A Nooz 35 (No. 11): 10–11. I will conclude this appreci- Avicultural Magazine, one swingin’ place. ZooNooz 55 Lint, K.C, E. Bajet, & L. Olsson (1990) Two interviews with ation on a personal level. Art’s of the first things I ever pub- (No. 10):11-23. Kuehler, C. (1990) Saving the Coco- Kenton C. Lint, conducted by “desire to include everyone in lished (Lindholm, 1988). It nut Bird: The Polynesian Lory Edmond Bajet, 21 March and 9 his work,” as above noted by was a tiny detail in a magnif- Conservation Project. ZooNooz May, 1984, edited by Lyn Ols- Doug Myers, had a profound icent conference, but Gerald 63 (No. 8): 12–13. son, November, 1988. Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego effect on my own life. I had Schulman kindly mentioned it _____. (1991) Hand-rearing protocol for the San Clemente Island State University Library. spoken to Marvin Jones, the at the closing banquet. At that Shrike. ZooNooz 64 (No. 10): Low, R. (1985) Breeding the Tahiti legendary zoo historian when moment, Art sitting up on the 13. Blue Lory (Vini peruviana). Avi- 91: 1–14. I was 13 and 14, while he was Dais, flashed me his “1,000- Kuehler, C. & A. Lieberman. (1994) cultural Magazine The avian propagation center _____. (1998) Hancock House Ency- living in the San Francisco Bay Watt grin” and a thumbs-up–a goes afield. ZooNooz 67 (No. lopedia of the Lories. Hancock area. However, a true friend- memory I will always cherish. 6):10–13. House Publishers. ship began when I was 20, Kuehler, C., A. Lieberman, A. Var- _____. (2006) A century of parrots. Isignis Publications. when Art made a point of re- Acknowledgements ney, & J. Azua. (1996) Transloca- tion of Ultramarine Lories (Vini Lucas, J, N. Duplaix-Hall, & R. introducing us. By that time, As with most of my proj- ultramarina). AFA Watchbird 23 Biegler (1972) Species of wild Marvin, retired from the U.S. ects involving the San Diego (No. 3): 44–45. animals bred in captivity during Army, was registrar at the San Zoo, Linda Coates, long-term Lieberman, A. (1988) Chinese 1970. International Zoo Yearbook 12:3 11–375. Diego Zoo. When I was 21, Librarian for the Zoological pheasant breeding program at the San Diego Zoo. AAZPA Annual Morris, D. & C, Jarvis (1960) Spe- Art arranged a summer intern- Society of San Diego, went Conferences Proceedings: 1988: cies of mammals and birds bred ship during which I spent a to much effort to provide me 21–26. in captivity during 1959. Interna- month compiling data from with materials I could not oth- _____. (1991) El Mensajero del Sol: tional Zoo Yearbook 1: 138–156. Reintroduction of the Andean old newspaper clippings under erwise have accessed.

AFA Watchbird 11 Nickel, M. (1994) Birds do it… with successes. Aviculture Series 2, _____. (1978) The heartbreak kids. Condors—A controversial path a little help from the Zoo’s Avian Vol.3: 81–84. ZooNooz 51 (No. 10):10–12. to survival. Proceedings—Jean Propagation Center. ZooNooz 67 Risser, A.C. (1974) Avian scavengers. _____. (1980) Thick-billed Parrots. Delacour/IFCB Symposium (No. 10): 6–13. ZooNooz 48 (No. 10): 4–11. AFA Watchbird 7(No. 1):10–12. on Breeding birds in Captivity: Olney, P.J.S., R. Biegler, & P. Ellis _____. (1976) Avian quaran- _____. (1981) The future of zoo bird- 499–507. (1976) Species of wild animals tine problems: Decision from breeding programs. AAZPA Snyder, F.R. & H.A. Snyder (2005) bred in captivity during 1974 dilemma. AAZPA Regional National Conference Proceedings Introduction to the California and multiple generation captive Conferences—Proceedings 1981. Condor. University of Califor- births. International Zoo Year- 1975–1976: 279–285. _____. (1981) Introduction. Pro- nia Press. book 16: 332–410. _____. (1976) The endangered ceedings—First International Toone, W. (1981) Condor! The Cali- Olney, P.J.S., P. Ellis, & B. Sommer- rheas. ZooNooz 49 (No. 11): 30. Birds in Captivity Sympo- fornia Condor recovery proposal. felt (1988) Species of wild ani- _____. (1977) From the four cor- sium—1978 Seattle, Washing- ZooNooz 54(No. 12): 8. mals bred in captivity during ners of the world. ZooNooz 50 ton International Foundation of _____. (1981) Rodan revisited. Zoo- 1985 and multiple generation (No. 9): 4–9. Conservation of Birds: iii–vi. Nooz 54 (No. 10): 10–14. captive births. International Zoo _____. (1977) Blue Mountain Lori- _____. (1981) South America’s _____. (1991) Return of the Cali- Yearbook 27: 341–435. keet or Swainson’s Lorikeet. AFA Magnificent Condor. ZooNooz fornia Condor ZooNooz 64 (No. Olney, P.J.S., F.S. Fisken, & L.J. Watchbird 3 (No. 6): 5. 54 (No. 7): 3. 10): 12–13. Davolls (1998) Species of wild _____. (1977) Bird sexing—A new _____. (1981) Rodan meets the pup- Warden, M. (2006) Saving the animals bred in captivity during approach. AFA Watchbird 3(No. pet people. ZooNooz 54 (No. 7): Hawaiian birds, AFA Watchbird 1995/1996 and multiple genera- 6): 32. 17. 33 (No. 4): 6–8. tion captive births. International _____. (1978) The saga of the Tahi- _____. (1982) Hatching: A new Zoo Yearbook 36: 363–551. tian Lories. ZooNooz 51 (No. 6): plot. ZooNooz 55 (No. 1): 4–8. Ring, C. (1931) Failures and little 15–16. _____. (1987) California

neW releAse cites Pin

T h 0 e 1 A 0 m 2 e 6 ric #2 an ES Fe IT der re C ation of Avicultu

Start your collection today! The beautiful Plum-headed Parakeet(Psittacula cyanocephala) is featured on the newest collector pin $6.99—limited edition Order today at the AFA store, www.afabirds.org.

12 Volume XXXVII • Number 2 • 2010