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The WW II British B2 Spy Radio and the Spies Who Served in France

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The WW II British B2 Spy Radio and the Spies Who Served in France RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 The WW II British B2 Spy Radio and the Spies Who Served in France Presented by William Hopkins Antique Wireless Museum Bloomfield, NY Bibliography at: https://antiquewireless.org Look for: “bibliography” Also: see additional bibliography, end of presentation 1 Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill - PM Général de Brigade Free French Forces 18 June, BBC, two broadcasts “Set Europe Ablaze!” on the same evening, one to Established the Special Operations Executive Britain, one to France: (Inter Services Bureau) Churchill: “Our Finest Hour” A Hush-Hush operation de Gaulle: L'Appel du 18 juin 2 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 1 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 VICHY Regime Gen. Phil. Pétain:“Head of State” Pierre Laval: Leader of Milice 3 - Developed for Secret Intelligence Service – SIS, or MI6 – at Little Horwood and Whadden Hall, Buckinghamshire. - Dropped by PARAchute to resistance units in Norway and Denmark (later Sussex) - Early operators, (unsecessful) British Expeditionary Forces. - Discontinued use because of constant telltale regenerative signal (SUSSEX later) Mark 7 4 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 2 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 Book: M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France, 1966 (excerpts in e-Books) 5 British B2 (Type 3) Mark II Spy Radio Antique Wireless Association Museum 6 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 3 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 AWA Museum’s B2 Accessories, Transmitter, Receiver, Power Supply Serial Number “may be” no. 15 ! 7 Ref: http://cryptomuseum.com/spy/b2/index.htm 8 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 4 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 9 Transmitter - Chassis Sides 10 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 5 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 Receiver – Chassis Sides 11 B2 Original Hand Key 12 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 6 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 * 13 14 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 7 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 15 *Receiver frequency range: 3.1-15.2 MHz *4 “valves”: 7Q7, 7R7, 7Q7, 7R7 (loctals) *IF frequency: 470 kHz *AF output: 50mW into 120Ω (Earphones) *Sensitivity: 1-3 µV @ 10 mW (CW) *Transmitter frequency coverage: 3-16 MHz (4 ranges) *RF output: 20 W (fundemental and 2nd harmonic), 16-20 W (3rd harmonic) *Antenna: 18 meter wire (long enough for 1 current node) *Ground: 3 meter wire (eq. length wire, 3 ft above gnd under ant.) *AC power supply: 97-140V and 190-250V (40-60Hz) *Power consumption: 27W (RX) and 57W (TX) *DC power supply: 6V, 4.5A (RX) and 9.5A (TX) 16 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 8 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 17 18 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 9 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 The Radio and Many Other SOE Items Designed/Created at “The Frythe” Inventions as models for Ian Fleming’s “James Bond” 007 gadgets John Brown: Designer of the B2 3 Mark II; also Type A, B3, the “Biscuit,” bike-driven battery chargers, etc. Also created at the Frythe (”Section IX”): - The B2 with Hand Generator: “the Jed-Set” - Welbike - Welman one-man subs (unsuccessfully used against Norway) - Welrod bolt action suppressed long pistol - Time Pencil (No. 10 Delay Switch) - Landmines to look like dung of cows, camels, elephants - (MI-9 (Resistance Networks): Christopher Hutton’s Escape Aids Today the site is owned by GlaxoSmithKline pharmaceutical company 19 B2 Radio Factory –Transmitter Test Bench Station VII-A at Wembley Hit by a “Flying Bomb” (V-1 rocket) in 1944) 20 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 10 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 Also: Radar Transponder: Hotel des Invalides, Paris (WWII exhibit) ”Rebecca” & “Eureka” (”recognition of beacons”) 21 * 22 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 11 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 ****************** Also, in NYC (Rockefeller Bldg.): British Security Coordination, BSC under the Canadian, William (“Bill”) Stephenson British Off-Shore Center: Rockefeller Bldg, Manhattan,Wm. Stephenson. A Man Called Intrepid, by William Stevenson. espionage and c. esp. Frequently talks about the “Baker Street Irregulars.” Stephenson: Liaison between Roosevelt and Churchill - and much more. 23 24 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 12 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 - Born Vera Maria Rosenberg, Romania - May 10, ‘40 stranded in The Netherlands - From Secretary to Intelligence Officer - Tracked down missing agents, post-WWII - Got Rudolf Hoess (Auschwitz) to confess - Atkins: “the most powerful personality in the SOE.” /Foot: p.47 M.R.D.Foot: “… the thought of a singular nasty death. Fighting enthusiasm can be quite as strong in one sex as in another. There was plenty of field work women could do; for two obvious instances, they made excellent wireless operators, and far less obtrusive couriers than men.” /47 Book: Sarah Helm, A Life in Secrets. Vera Atkins & the Missing Agents of WWII Book: Wm Stevenson, Spymistress… 25 * -Trained FANYs at “Chef de Codage” “The author at his most mature” Grendon Underwood 22 yrs old in’42 (Station 53A) and Poundon (53B) to decrypt “indecipherables” “There was a warning gleam in those forbidding eyes (of Brig. Nicholls): 'What did you tell Colonel Tiltman about the Dutch situation?’ 'Nothing, sir, I was instructed not to discuss the country sections.' 'And you always obey your instructions?' 'No, sir. But in this instance, I did.' There was silence as Celt met Jew on the frontier of instinct. We then went our separate ways” in the building. Leo Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, c1998 The “Funkspiel” w Giskes in the Netherlands – “doubling” an agent 26 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 13 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 I.e., Listening in on the Enemy and Gathering Intelligence SOE’s Encryption Methods WHAT IT TAKES TO BREAK: - Playfair Cipher (since Crimean War) - Lateral Thinking (“OTB”) (the Charles Wheatstone cipher!) - Imagining the enemy (uses “Bigrams”) - Knowing How to Count - Double Transposition (1941-42) using a - Having a Good Memory “Poem” (like Playfair) - Musicality helps - Leo Marks’ own poems - Crossword Puzzler (?) - One-Time Pad with a “Worked Out Key” – - Knowing world literature WOK; using silk (pat-down proof) (9” X 4 ½ Silk Handkerchief) Must Keep Separate: Bletchley Intercepts and SOE Deciphers SOME TOOLS OF THE TRADE TO BREAK A CYPHERED MESSAGE: - Using a “crib” (a guessed word or phrase at beginnings/ends of messages) - Comparing repeated messages (for security checks, omitted information, etc. - “Depth of Two” (different message but same “transposition key” used) - “Anagramming” (finding the same word in two different messages) - Assuming occasional radio receiving mistakes - Listening for the usual: “Heil Hitler” 27 A “Poem” or “Text” Code Using Double Transposition From KLÉBER (SW France) to London, 27 Aug, ‘44 FIRST KEY: “DESCENDAIENT LA MON” (“went down my…”) SECOND KEY: “TURPIN DISAIT TENAN” (“Turpin told Tenan…”) Cybertext to be sent in 5-letter GROUPS: INEEX UJDRT OATGA QGVAE EINOR,… Plain Text: “Telegram 13. Regroupment of Reserve Corps 64, led by General Sachse (General Badinski led the 276th Division…) Should be completed today. A march begins tomorrow to cross…” [Telegram 14 completed the entire message.) 28 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 14 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 A “One-Time Pad” ...called a “Worked Out Key” – WOK … also Double Transposition …printed on Silk 29 Agent Training Center Beaulieu Mansion, New Forest in Hampshire 30 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 15 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 Training Building at Beaulieu 31 32 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 16 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 ‘le nom de guerre” His disguise - Don’t ask for a “café noir” or a “café au lait.” Don’t take off your beret inside. - Cycle on the “right” side of the road. - Don’t say “Sorry” when on a bus, a train, or on the Metro. Don’t smile overtly. - Don’t look right, when preparing to cross a street busy with traffic. - Keep your fork in your left hand – Elbows OK “sur la table” 33 Some Rules for Wireless Operators Students scheduled to become W/T Operators went straight from boot camp at Arisaig, Scotland, went on to Morse code and wireless school BEFORE proceeding to Beaulieu for final training. Morse school and radio handling demanded an extra 3 months of training. - Bury – otherwise hide - the wireless set upon arrival (parachuting, etc.) - Camouflage the aerial to allow cover in W/T’s absence. - Stay with “friends” because hand key “keytaps” are audible - Constantly move the set and/or aerial - Restrict times and length of transmission to restricted plan – German DFs - W/T’s NEVER to be used for other work - Other agents (Organizer, Courier, French “cut-outs” not to go to W/T’s residence or place of operation – i.e., no direct contacts - Establish a reserve means of communication, if W/T must go into hiding - No messages via the W/T if they can be conveniently sent by other means - Messages between 150-200 letters (later altered to 100) - No WTs communicating with other WTs via wireless ! - ”Louis” in OSS, Southern France; caught, transmitted SK, not VA sign-off; not heard by his “new” GESTAPO handlers – transmitted 4 mos., then escaped. 34 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 17 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 35 Tempsford Air Field (north of London) Tangmere Airfield (south, on the coast) SOE Agents: once outward bound, called “Joes” and “Janes,” or just Bods Dinner before shoving off: Two Eggs. 8 – day period of the moon used – dead reckoning (using rivers, churches, mountains) 36 Bill Hopkins, AA2YV 18 RARA Presentation with the AWA August 5TH, 2020 Smithsonian Institution 37 - Bristol Mercury engine, 9 cyl. Rotary - 87 octane gas - Idle at 300 rpm; cruise at 2700 rpm. - Variable pitch prop replaced>constant - Armaments removed - 150 belly fuel tank made permanent (150 gal., increasing 600 to 1000 miles) - 10 hr maximum flight - Rear canopy slid back for quick access - Permanent ladder (rungs painted white) - Passenger seat facing rear, for 2, and shelf behind for extra seating - Smaller radio - Flaps automatically extend/retract - Large wheels for soft, grassy fields Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
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