DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter-V Litho-Structural and Tectonic Control on Drainage and Stream Profiles 201

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter-V Litho-Structural and Tectonic Control on Drainage and Stream Profiles 201 200 Chapter-V Litho-structural and Tectonic Control on Drainage and Stream Profiles 201 Chapter V LITHO-STRUCTURAL AND TECTONIC CONTROL ON DRAINAGE AND STREAM PROFILES 5.1. Introduction: The most important finding that has emerged from the analysis of the morphometric and morphotectonic indices as well as the long profile characteristics presented in the previous chapters is that the middle domain of the Kaveri Basin, entrenched between the two prominent knickpoints of Shivasamudram and Hogenakkal Falls, most likely exhibits highest degree of tectonic control as compared to the upper and lower domains as well as the Palar and Ponnaiyar Basins. However, in the realm of tectonic geo morphology, one must also take into account various other identifiable features in the field which can provide additional information on the recent or past tectonic deformation or litho-structural control. These surficial features, often called as geomorphic markers provide a reference frame against which differential or active tectonic deformation is gauged (Burbank and Anderson, 2001). These readily recognizable landforms, surfaces or linear trends usually preserve unique records of various pulses of uplift in an area or region. Some of the most common surficial geomorphic markers which can be used as suitable indicators of tectonic activity and litho- structural control in an area include knickpoints, gorges, linear courses of rivers, outsized channels, barbed drainage patterns, paleo-channels and abandoned drainage courses, sharp bends, fluvial hanging valleys, river terraces, etc (Vaidyanadhan, 1971; Seeber and Gomitz, 1983; Burbank and Anderson, 2001; Kale and Gupta, 2001; Bishop et al., 2005; Ramasamy, 2006a; Wobus, et al., 2006; Crosby et al., 2007; Castillo et al., 2013 and the references therein). Here it is pertinent to mention that the rivers are the most sensitive and dynamic components of a landscape and swiftly respond to any change in the prevailing tectonic, climatic and base level conditions. Although the recovery period of the fluvial system varies, a drainage basin larger in areal extent and spread over diverse lithologies usually takes a long time to achieve a new equilibrium after the cessation of tectonic activity (Burbank and Anderson, 2001) or change in climatic or base level conditions. It is also important to 202 establish the age of these markers in order to ascertain whether these are associated with recent tectonism or are signatures of past phases of uphft. For example, a phase of tectonic upheaval will reflect itself with decrease in width-depth ratio of a river channel and hence the specific stream power is likely to increase. Needless to state this would imply greater erosion by the river and hence the sediment flux will undergo a major change. Similarly, the channel cross-section and consequently the specific stream power and sedimentary budget of the rivers will vary across rivers basins spread over diverse lithologies. Therefore, the fluvial hydraulic parameters such as the unit stream power and sediment budget have often been used as indicators to ascertain whether an area is under active tectonic forcing and/or litho- structural control (Milliman and Meade, 1983; Milliman and Syvitsky, 1992; Harbor, 1998; Burbank and Anderson, 2001; Sklar and Dietrich, 2001; Wohl and Achyuthan, 2002; Finnegan et al., 2005; Goode and Wohl, 2010; Pederson and Tressler, 2012; etc.). Apart from the fluvial evidence of tectonics; there are some geological signatures which have been used by a large number of researchers across the globe to understand the response of a river to lithology and tectonics. Prominent among them include control of lineaments and faults on drainage network (Subrahmanyam et al., 1995; Bhagat and Verma, 2006; Subrahmanyam et al., 2007; etc.), response to gravity anomalies (Braile et al., 1986; Singh et al., 2003; Ramasamy, 2006a); seismic epicentres (Valdiya, 2001; Secanell et al., 2004; Roy, 2006; Sitharam and Anbazhagan, 2007; Tiwari et al., 2009); etc. In this chapter, all the various geomorphic markers and other geological evidence observed in the basins under review are compiled, presented and discussed. 5.2. Methodology: In order to determine whether there is any control of lithology, structure and/or tectonics on the drainage and channel morphology of the rivers under consideration, the lineaments in the Kaveri, Palar and Ponnaiyar River Basins have been mapped from SRTM- DEM and its derivatives. A buffer of 500 m was created around the DEM-derived lineaments and all the streams that were falling in this zone were extracted and their lengths were measured. These lengths were compared with the total lengths of all the streams in the three 203 basins. Then the percentage of lineament control on the streams in the three river basins was obtained. As seismicity is often associated with the prevailing tectonic conditions in an area, records of seismic activity in the last two centuries were mapped from Valdiya (2001), Sitharam and Anbazhagan (2007) and Chopra et al., (2008). This map was overlain on the lineament and fault map of the studied basins in order to ascertain whether any association exists between them. The best geomorphic markers of tectonics are the readily recognizable landforms, surfaces or drainage trends. Under such circumstances, the exercise of identifying and defining the geometry of such markers has often been considered relevant in the realm of tectonic geo morphology (Burbank and Anderson, 2001). These surficial geomorphic markers may be visible in the field as well as on the satellite imageries or maps. Therefore, remote sensing studies as well as field investigations in the Kaveri, Palar and Ponnaiyar Basins were carried out in order to synthesize the information regarding all the geomorphic markers and morpho-tectonic features in addition to the drainage basin and network indices obtained from SRTM-DEM analysis (discussed in the previous chapters). Visual interpretation of satellite imageries and digital elevation models was carried out in order to identify various surficial markers such as knickpoints, gorges, drainage diversions, linear trends of streams, barbed drainage pattern, etc. Detailed maps of the river basins under consideration showing the various drainage anomalies were prepared in ArcGIS. Evidence of the presence or absence of tectonic uplift in an area is also reflected by the relationship between elevation and Bouguer Gravity Anomalies. Therefore, these data were also considered and analyzed. The Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map was taken from Ramasamy (2006a). An attempt was made to understand the relationship between the gravity anomalies and elevation. Finally an attempt has been made to interpret the results obtained from above studies and provide an explanation for the presence of numerous anomalies in the area under review. Field work was carried out in the Kaveri Basin (Talakaveri to Srirangam) in order to search for depositional records and also to identify major geomorphic anomalies. Sedimentary deposits were located at several places along the Kaveri Channel and some of its tributaries. The older deposits occur at Siddapur, close to the source of Kaveri River, 204 upstream of Shivasamudram Falls in the Kollegal-Narsipura-Talakad area, in the Biligundulu area near Hogenakkal Falls, over the Tamil Nadu Plains and the delta deposits close to the mouth of the Kaveri River. Some of these deposits have been dated by earlier workers from late Holocene to late Pleistocene (Valdiya and Rajagopalan, 2000; Singh and Rajamani, 2001; Kale at al, 2010; Alappat, et al., 2010; Kale et al., 2014). The deposits occurring in the Kollegal-Narsipura-Talakad area (Valdiya and Rajagopalan, 2000) and at Biligundulu are significant from the point of view of tectonic history of the river. Therefore, they are discussed here, particularly the latter deposits, because they occur in the gorge section. Sediment samples were collected from these sites for textural and geochemical analysis as well as for luminescence dating. The Palar River presents an excellent example of an outsized channel on the Tamil Nadu Plains with the channel of the river being too wide as compared to the valley size and the upstream catchment area. In order to ascertain the channel morphological characteristics of the river, cross-sectional surveys were conducted at eleven sites on the river and data regarding channel cross-sections and channel geometry (width and depth) were generated using Electronic Distance Measurer (EDM) or measuring tape (Honnavar, 2008). Regression equation was estimated to evaluate the relationship between bankfull width and upstream drainage area for the Palar River. This was fiirther compared with the relationships of other rivers of the world in different climatic conditions given by Wolman and Gerson (1978). It is generally expected that the areas under active tectonic movement are characterized by higher specific stream powers and enhanced erosion. Therefore, the hydrological parameters of unit stream power, sediment load and the rate of denudation were also taken into consideration for the rivers under review and were compared with other Indian and world rivers. Other types of evidence were also studied to understand and establish the ongoing tectonic activity in the study area. This includes the tidal record and delta plan morphology. In order to ascertain whether the Kaveri Delta is prograding, contours were generated for the delta region from SRTM-DEM data and the contour pattern
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter-Ill Analysis of River Longitudinal Profiles 121
    120 Chapter-Ill Analysis of river longitudinal profiles 121 Chapter III ANALYSIS OF RIVER LONGITUDINAL PROFILES 3.1. Introduction: Rivers are the most sensitive and dynamic elements of the landscape. The shape of the longitudinal profile of a river is result of the complex interplay between lithology, structure, tectonics, climate and catchment hydrology. In a large number of studies, the river longitudinal profiles have been investigated in order to identify the areas experiencing tectonic deformation and uplift (Begin, 1975; Seeber and Gornitz, 1983; Rice and Church, 2001; Chen et al., 2006; Lee and Tsai, 2009; Whittaker, 2012 and the references therein). In addition to this, the influence of climate and hydrological processes on the longitudinal profiles of the rivers has been investigated (Roe et al., 2002; Zaprowski et al., 2005). Other studies concerned with the long profile analysis include understanding of the role of lithology (Begin, 1975; Bishop et al., 1985; Goldrick and Bishop, 1995), distribution of stream power (Sklar and Dietrich, 1998; Snyder et al., 2000), identification of knick zones (Perez-Pena et al., 2009; Pederson and Tressler, 2012) and description of long profile shape (Shepherd, 1985; Rice and Church, 2001). In this chapter, the characteristics of the longitudinal profiles of the rivers of the Kaveri, Palar and Ponnaiyar Basins and their tributaries are described and an attempt is made to understand whether there is any effect of tectonics on their long profiles as suggested by Valdiya (2001). 3.2. Methodology: In all, the longitudinal profiles of 21 major tributaries of the Kaveri River, 8 tributaries of the Palar and 6 tributaries of the Ponnaiyar River, as well as the profiles of the main channels of the Kaveri, Palar and Ponnaiyar Rivers were extracted and analysed in ArcGIS.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Variation of Cauvery River Due to Discharged Industrial Effluents at Pallipalayam in Namakkal
    Vol. 8 | No. 3 |380 - 388 | July - September | 2015 ISSN: 0974-1496 | e-ISSN: 0976-0083 | CODEN: RJCABP http://www.rasayanjournal.com http://www.rasayanjournal.co.in SEASONAL VARIATION OF CAUVERY RIVER DUE TO DISCHARGED INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS AT PALLIPALAYAM IN NAMAKKAL K. Sneka Lata 1, A. Jesu 2, M.S. Dheenadayalan 1 1Department of Chemistry G.T.N. Arts College, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu. India. 2Department of Chemistry, Kathir College of Engineering, Neelambur, Coimbatore (T.N.)India *E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The impact of industrial effluent like dyeing, sugar, and paper discharged from the banks of Cauvery river at pallipalayam in Namakkal district. It is observed during the study that many dyeing, sugar and paper units discharged their untreated effluent into the river Cauvery in this criminately without any treatment. The river water samples and ground water samples and soil sample collected in the study area reveals that high degree of the pollution cost by untreated effluent of heavy metal analysis from the river water and ground water and soil. So that industries major culprit in damaging the river water, ground water and soil used for the agricultural purpose. The increased loading of toxic effluent day by day due to the toxic effluent of surface water, ground water and soil. The total pollution due to industrial effluent causes the great damage to the environmental pollution of river Cauvery at pallipalayam in Namakkal district. Keywords: Raw effluents, treated effluents, total dissolved solids, dyeing industry, physico chemical analysis ©2015 RAS ĀYAN. All rights reserved INTRODUCTION The Kaveri, also spelled Cauvery in English, is a large Indian river.
    [Show full text]
  • Shankar Ias Academy Test 18 - Geography - Full Test - Answer Key
    SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY TEST 18 - GEOGRAPHY - FULL TEST - ANSWER KEY 1. Ans (a) Explanation: Soil found in Tropical deciduous forest rich in nutrients. 2. Ans (b) Explanation: Sea breeze is caused due to the heating of land and it occurs in the day time 3. Ans (c) Explanation: • Days are hot, and during the hot season, noon temperatures of over 100°F. are quite frequent. When night falls the clear sky which promotes intense heating during the day also causes rapid radiation in the night. Temperatures drop to well below 50°F. and night frosts are not uncommon at this time of the year. This extreme diurnal range of temperature is another characteristic feature of the Sudan type of climate. • The savanna, particularly in Africa, is the home of wild animals. It is known as the ‘big game country. • The leaf and grass-eating animals include the zebra, antelope, giraffe, deer, gazelle, elephant and okapi. • Many are well camouflaged species and their presence amongst the tall greenish-brown grass cannot be easily detected. The giraffe with such a long neck can locate its enemies a great distance away, while the elephant is so huge and strong that few animals will venture to come near it. It is well equipped will tusks and trunk for defence. • The carnivorous animals like the lion, tiger, leopard, hyaena, panther, jaguar, jackal, lynx and puma have powerful jaws and teeth for attacking other animals. 4. Ans (b) Explanation: Rivers of Tamilnadu • The Thamirabarani River (Porunai) is a perennial river that originates from the famous Agastyarkoodam peak of Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats, above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk.
    [Show full text]
  • Castle Leslie in Ireland Also Has a Levitating Bed
    30 TRAVEL MAIL Mail Today, New Delhi, Sunday, January 9, 2011 Paranormal activity at a feast for the senses Castle Leslie in Ireland also has a levitating bed. No wonder Sir Paul McCartney and Heather Mills chose to get married there. By Kalpana Sunder MONAGHAN IS WHERE CASTLE LESLIE IS UK feel I have walked onto the set of a period North Atlantic Ocean film. A world packed with antiques and Northern anecdotes. A perfect setting for staging DUBLIN Ireland murder mysteries or exploring the para- normal. In the hands of the Leslie family I (who can trace their lineage to Attila the BELFAST Hun) since the 1600s, Castle Leslie in Glaslough village, County Monaghan in Ire- land, sprawls over a thousand acres. GALWAY MONAGHAN The large antique key that I receive for my room sets the tone for the next few days. The decor is quirky and filled with family history. There are no distractions like televi- sion sets, phones, wifi, clocks or mini-bars. The furnish- DUBLIN ings are a bit worn out, like in someone’s home — well IRELAND lived and comfortable. There are three gleaming lakes, ancient woodlands and forests of ash, yew and sycamore, even an integrated wetlands system. The castle also UK boasts of a top-class equestrian centre with more than 30 N CORK horses, a riding school, and miles of bridle paths. For foodies, Castle Sammy’s father, a dashing pilot ghoulish delight the picture of NATURE’S ESSENCE: The area has three gleaming lakes, forests of Leslie has a full- fledged cooking who wrote several books including Brede House, the most haunted ash, yew and sycamore, and even an integrated wetlands system school with some unusual courses the classic Flying Saucers Have house in England from where this like Men-Only and Irish cooking Just Landed.
    [Show full text]
  • Irrigation Projects of Tamil Nadu from 2001-2021
    IRRIGATION PROJECTS OF TAMIL NADU FROM 2001-2021 NAME – VRINDA GUPTA INSTITUTION – K.R. MANGALAM UNIVERSITY 1 ABSTRACT From the ancient times water is always most important for agriculture purpose for growing crops. Since thousand years, humans have relied on agriculture to feed their communities and they have needed irrigation to water their crops. Irrigation includes artificially applying water to the land to enhance the growing of crops. Over the years, irrigation has come in many different forms in countries all over the world. Irrigation projects involves hydraulic structures which collect, convey and deliver water to those areas on which crops are grown. Irrigation projects unit may starts from a small farm unit to those serving extensive areas of millions of hectares. Irrigation projects consist of two types first a small irrigation project and second a large irrigation project. Small irrigation project includes a low diversion or an inexpensive pumping plant along with small channels and some minor control structures. Large irrigation project includes a huge dam, a large storage reservoir, hundreds kilometers of canals, branches and distributaries, control structures and other works. In this paper we discussing about irrigation plan of Tamil Nadu from 2001-2021. INTRODUCTION Water is the important or elixir of life, a precious gift of nature to humans and millions of other species living on the earth. It is hard to find in most part of the world. 4% of India’s land area in Tamil Nadu and inhabited by 6% of India’s population but water resources in India is only 2.5%. In Tamil Nadu, water is a serious limiting factor for agriculture growth which leads to irrigation reduces risk in farming, increases crop productivity, provides higher employment opportunities to the rural areas and increases farmer income.
    [Show full text]
  • A Local Response to Water Scarcity Dug Well Recharging in Saurashtra, Gujarat
    RETHINKING THE MOSAIC RETHINKINGRETHINKING THETHE MOSAICMOSAIC Investigations into Local Water Management Themes from Collaborative Research n Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur n Institute for Social and Environmental Transition, Boulder n Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai n Nepal Water Conservation Foundation, Kathmandu n Vikram Sarabhai Centre for Development Interaction, Ahmedabad Edited by Marcus Moench, Elisabeth Caspari and Ajaya Dixit Contributing Authors Paul Appasamy, Sashikant Chopde, Ajaya Dixit, Dipak Gyawali, S. Janakarajan, M. Dinesh Kumar, R. M. Mathur, Marcus Moench, Anjal Prakash, M. S. Rathore, Velayutham Saravanan and Srinivas Mudrakartha RETHINKING THE MOSAIC Investigations into Local Water Management Themes from Collaborative Research n Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur n Institute for Social and Environmental Transition, Boulder n Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai n Nepal Water Conservation Foundation, Kathmandu n Vikram Sarabhai Centre for Development Interaction, Ahmedabad Edited by Marcus Moench, Elisabeth Caspari and Ajaya Dixit 1999 1 © Copyright, 1999 Institute of Development Studies (IDS) Institute for Social and Environmental Transition (ISET) Madras Institute of Development Studies (MIDS) Nepal Water Conservation Foundation (NWCF) Vikram Sarabhai Centre for Development Interaction (VIKSAT) No part of this publication may be reproduced nor copied in any form without written permission. Supported by International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Ottawa, Canada and The Ford Foundation, New Delhi, India First Edition: 1000 December, 1999. Price Nepal and India Rs 1000 Foreign US$ 30 Other SAARC countries US$ 25. (Postage charges additional) Published by: Nepal Water Conservation Foundation, Kathmandu, and the Institute for Social and Environmental Transition, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. DESIGN AND TYPESETTING GraphicFORMAT, PO Box 38, Naxal, Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Cauvery and Mettur Dam Project – an Analysis
    Vol 6 Issue 1 July 2016 ISSN No :2231-5063 InternationaORIGINALl M ARTICLEultidisciplinary Research Journal Golden Research Thoughts Chief Editor Dr.Tukaram Narayan Shinde Associate Editor Publisher Dr.Rajani Dalvi Mrs.Laxmi Ashok Yakkaldevi Honorary Mr.Ashok Yakkaldevi Welcome to GRT RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2231-5063 Golden Research Thoughts Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. Regional Editor Dr. T. Manichander International Advisory Board Kamani Perera Mohammad Hailat Hasan Baktir Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, English Language and Literature Lanka University of South Carolina Aiken Department, Kayseri Janaki Sinnasamy Abdullah Sabbagh Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Librarian, University of Malaya Engineering Studies, Sydney Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK] Romona Mihaila Ecaterina Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Romania Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Delia Serbescu Loredana Bosca Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Spiru Haret University, Romania Ilie Pintea, Romania Spiru Haret University, Romania Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Anurag Misra Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Xiaohua Yang DBS College, Kanpur PhD, USA George - Calin SERITAN Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political ......More University, Oradea,Romania Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi Editorial Board Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami Rajendra Shendge ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur Director, B.C.U.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Works Department Irrigation Policy Note for the Year 2008-2009
    Public Works Department Irrigation Policy Note for the year 2008-2009 Contents PREAMBLE 1. Water Resources Department (WRD) 2. Irrigated Agriculture Modernisation And Water Bodies Restoration 3. Dam Rehabilitation And Improvement Project (DRIP) 4. Hydrology Project-Ii 5. Cauvery-Modernisation Project 6. Irrigation Schemes 7. Flood Mitigation Schemes 8. Anti Sea Erosion Works 9. Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project (ETRP) 10. Chennai City Waterways 11. Artificial Recharge Of Groundwater Through Check Dams 12. Krishna Water Supply Project (KWSP) 13. Tamil Nadu Protection Of Tanks And Eviction Of Encroachment Act, 2007 14. Linking Of Rivers Within The State 15. Inter State Subjects 16. Ground Water - State Ground And Surface Water Resources Data Centre (SG&SWRDC) 17. Institute For Water Studies (IWS) 18. Irrigation Management Training Institute (IMTI) 19. Directorate Of Boilers 20. Sand Quarry PREAMBLE The Public Works Department has turned 150 years. The Department which was established in the year 1858 with just - • 1 Chief Engineer • 20 District Engineers • 3 Inspecting Engineers • 78 Executive and Assistant Engineers • 204 Upper Subordinates and • 714 Lower Subordinates has grown manifold and now functions with a strong network of • 1 Engineer-in-Chief, • 10 Chief Engineers, • 59 Superintending Engineers, • 212 Executive Engineers, • 816 Assistant Executive Engineers, • 2366 Assistant / Junior Engineers, • 1305 Technical Personnel and • 14670 Administrative Officers and staff Members • totaling 19439 employees The Public Works Department is not only 150 years, but has also earned reputation for its excellent service to the people and the State. The then Chennai Presidency had its territorial control spread over today’s Tamil Nadu, parts of Andhra Pradesh, and the Kerala State excluding the then Travancore and Kochi Princely parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Probable Agricultural Biodiversity Heritage Sites in India
    Full-length paper Asian Agri-History Vol. 17, No. 4, 2013 (353–376) 353 Probable Agricultural Biodiversity Heritage Sites in India. XVIII. The Cauvery Region Anurudh K Singh H.No. 2924, Sector-23, Gurgaon 122017, Haryana, India (email: [email protected]) Abstract The region drained by the Cauvery (Kaveri) river, particularly the delta area, falling in the state of Tamil Nadu, is an agriculturally important region where agriculture has been practiced from ancient times involving the majority of the local tribes and communities. The delta area of the river has been described as one of the most fertile regions of the country, often referred as the ‘Garden of South India’. Similarly, the river Cauvery is called the ‘Ganges of the South’. The region is a unique example of the knowledge and skills practiced by the local communities in river and water management with the construction of a series of dams for fl ood control, and the establishment of a network of irrigation systems to facilitate round- the-year highly productive cultivation of rice and other crops. Also, the region has developed internationally recognized sustainable systems with a conservational approach towards livestock rearing in semi-arid areas and fi shing in the coastal areas of the region. In the process of these developments, the local tribes and communities have evolved and conserved a wide range of genetic diversity in drought-tolerant crops like minor millets and water-loving crops like rice that has been used internationally. In recognition of these contributions, the region is being proposed as another National Agricultural Biodiversity Heritage Site based on indices used for the identifi cation of such sites.
    [Show full text]
  • General-STATIC-BOLT.Pdf
    oliveboard Static General Static Facts CLICK HERE TO PREPARE FOR IBPS, SSC, SBI, RAILWAYS & RBI EXAMS IN ONE PLACE Bolt is a series of GK Summary ebooks by Oliveboard for quick revision oliveboard.in www.oliveboard.in Table of Contents International Organizations and their Headquarters ................................................................................................. 3 Organizations and Reports .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Heritage Sites in India .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Important Dams in India ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Rivers and Cities On their Banks In India .................................................................................................................. 10 Important Awards and their Fields ............................................................................................................................ 12 List of Important Ports in India .................................................................................................................................. 12 List of Important Airports in India ............................................................................................................................. 13 List of Important
    [Show full text]
  • District Survey Report Sand Vellore District Tamilnadu
    VELLORE DISTRICT TAMILNADU DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT SAND As per notification No. S.O. 3611 (E) New Delhi, The 25th July 2018 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India INDEX DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT-VELLORE S.No. Particulars Page no 1. Preface 3 2. Introduction 4 3. Overview of mining activities in the district 4 4. List of mining leases in the district 5 5. Details of royalty or revenue received in vellore district 11-12 Quarry wise sand revenue details of Vellore district for the year 2015- 2016 Quarry wise sand revenue details of Vellore district for the year 2016- 13-16 2017 Quarry wise sand revenue details of Vellore district for the year 2017- 16-17 2018 Quarry wise sand revenue details of Vellore district for the year 2018- 17-19 2019 Quarry wise sand sale details of Vellore district for the year 2015-2016 19-22 Quarry wise sand sale details of Vellore district for the year 2016-2017 22-25 Quarry wise sand sale details of Vellore district for the year 2017-2018 25-26 Quarry wise sand sale details of Vellore district for the year 2018-2019 27-28 6. Process of deposition of sediments in the rivers of the district 28 6.a. Location Map of Irrigation structures 29 6.b. Palar in Tamilnadu 30 6.c. Palar River Line diagram 31 6.d. Palar river basin 32 6.e. Reservoirs along palar river basin 36 Page | 1 6.f .Shoaling in River bed 38 6.g. Reduction of River carrying capacity by shoal formation 38 6.h.
    [Show full text]
  • DHARMAPURI District Came Into Existence from 2Nd October, 1965
    DHARMAPURI District came into existence from 2nd October, 1965. Area • After the bifurcation of Krishnagiri District from Dharmapuri District, the total geographical area of the district is 4497 Sq.kms. Soil • Different types of the soils such as black or mixed loams, red ferruginous and gravel are found in the district. District Collector: S.Malarvizhi I.A.S • The black or red loam is very fertile due to its moisture absorbing character. • Red and sandy clay loam soils are seen in Vannampatti area. River • The Chief Rivers that flow through the District are Cauvery, Chinnar and Vaniyar. • Though River Cauvery flows the border of the State, as well as the District, due to topographical condition possibility of construction of Dam is far away in the planning of the state. REVENUE DIVISIONS: Important Food Crops • Dharmapuri • Paddy • Harur • Cumbu Location • Cholam • The present Dharmapuri District is surrounded by Thiruvanamalai • Ragi, ,Villupuram Districts in the East, Karnataka State in the West, Krishnagiri District in the • Redgram North and Salem District in the South. • Blackgram Present Day • Mochai • Dharmapuri District was bifurcated from the • erstwhile Salem District and Dharmapuri Mango, • Banana For any queries mail to: [email protected] • Potato • High quality black granite is available in Pennagaram, Harur and Palacode blocks. • Cabbage • Quartz is available • Brinjal, • Another High value mineral available here is • Bhendi Molybdenum, which is identified as a good conductor. • Tomato Notable personalities Non food crops • The relentless freedom fighter and heroic • Cotton patriot Subramaniya Siva chose Papparapatti village. • Mulberry • He was the author of the journal • Flowers Jnanabhanu. The books Ramanuja Vijayam • Betelwine and Madhya vijayam were written by him.
    [Show full text]