DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter-Ill Analysis of River Longitudinal Profiles 121

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter-Ill Analysis of River Longitudinal Profiles 121 120 Chapter-Ill Analysis of river longitudinal profiles 121 Chapter III ANALYSIS OF RIVER LONGITUDINAL PROFILES 3.1. Introduction: Rivers are the most sensitive and dynamic elements of the landscape. The shape of the longitudinal profile of a river is result of the complex interplay between lithology, structure, tectonics, climate and catchment hydrology. In a large number of studies, the river longitudinal profiles have been investigated in order to identify the areas experiencing tectonic deformation and uplift (Begin, 1975; Seeber and Gornitz, 1983; Rice and Church, 2001; Chen et al., 2006; Lee and Tsai, 2009; Whittaker, 2012 and the references therein). In addition to this, the influence of climate and hydrological processes on the longitudinal profiles of the rivers has been investigated (Roe et al., 2002; Zaprowski et al., 2005). Other studies concerned with the long profile analysis include understanding of the role of lithology (Begin, 1975; Bishop et al., 1985; Goldrick and Bishop, 1995), distribution of stream power (Sklar and Dietrich, 1998; Snyder et al., 2000), identification of knick zones (Perez-Pena et al., 2009; Pederson and Tressler, 2012) and description of long profile shape (Shepherd, 1985; Rice and Church, 2001). In this chapter, the characteristics of the longitudinal profiles of the rivers of the Kaveri, Palar and Ponnaiyar Basins and their tributaries are described and an attempt is made to understand whether there is any effect of tectonics on their long profiles as suggested by Valdiya (2001). 3.2. Methodology: In all, the longitudinal profiles of 21 major tributaries of the Kaveri River, 8 tributaries of the Palar and 6 tributaries of the Ponnaiyar River, as well as the profiles of the main channels of the Kaveri, Palar and Ponnaiyar Rivers were extracted and analysed in ArcGIS. For extracting the longitudinal profiles of these streams, the SRTM-DEM data have been processed in an ArcGIS environment. To generate the long profiles of the rivers from SRTM-DEM data, the following procedure was adopted: 122 Streams were identified using the ‘Hydrology’ Routine in the ArcGIS software. These streams were divided into segments of 100 m length. This is in accordance with the resolution of SRTM data (90-m) so as to ensure that the same cell was not extracted for two points. These stream segments were converted into points and only the end points of each segment were extracted to the newly created point file. The elevation of each point along with its x-y coordinates were extracted by the “Feature to DEM” routine of ArcGIS. The data obtained were exported to the Microsoft Excel for fiirther analysis. Using the distance formula (Eq. 3.1), the distances of the extracted points ft'om one another was computed. = + (^2 ~yif Eq. 3.1 where, d = distance between points X| and X2, xi = x-coordinate (in meters) of point Xi, yi = y-coordinate (in meters) of point yi, X2 = x-coordinate of point xi, y: = y-coordinate of point y2. The distances were then cumulated taking the source as origin (zero) and then the distances of all the points fi-om the source of the river were obtained. Due to stepping in the adjacent elevations and the effect of water bodies (dams), the long profiles derived ft-om DEM are not as smooth and accurate as those produced ft'om other techniques (Snyder et al., 2000), especially for low-gradient reaches. In the present study, first the artificial spikes were deleted and smoothing of the long profiles using a 11-elevation points moving average (5 points upstream and 5 points downstream), was carried out. The distance and the elevation data were used for calculating the Hack’s stream gradient index (SL), stream profile concavity and profile steepness. In addition, the variations in the long profile form were evaluated by curve fitting. The normalized stream profiles and normalized SL were also considered for understanding the long profile characteristics of the stream under review. 3.3. Description of the long profile forms: The longitudinal profiles of the rivers reflect the combined effect of present and past geomorphic processes in the basin. Steady-state systems are characterized by a state of equilibrium between the rates of uplift and denudation. Thus, abrupt changes in slope along 123 river profiles may indicate disequilibrium conditions associated with lithology (Hack. 1973) or active faults that cross these rivers (Seeber and Gomitz, 1983). In the case of the tributaries of the Kaveri, Palar and Ponnaiyar Rivers, although the longitudinal profiles are broadly concave-upward, linearity, convexity and breaks in slope are quite evident (Figs. 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3). This clearly indicates that the rivers of this ancient landscape are not graded, as expected. H e m a v a t h i Lakatiam ahantirtha E E § 1 ()0 2iK) 3(X) D istance fr(»m the s<»urce(kiii) D istance from the source(km ) K a b b i n i Suvarnavati 8 0 0 -I lO (X ) - B 8(X ) - 7 0 0 - 6CX) - 4(X ) 50 lOO 150 2(K) O 20 40 60 80 lOO D istance from the s«»urce(km) D istance from the source(kxn) S h i m s h a A r k a v a t h i a lOO 200 3(X) 5 0 lO O 1 5 0 200 D istance from the source(km ) D istance from source (km) Dodda Halla 1 .S 'SS D istance from the source(km ) D istance fr<»m the source(km ) Fig. 3.1. A. Longitudinal profiles of the major tributaries of the Kaveri River. 124 Chinnar Palar E co .S £ Distance from the source(lun) Distance from the source(km) Nagavathi B E Distance from the source(km) Distance from the source(km) Bhavani 'S •S Distance from the source(icm) Distance from the source(km) Am ravati E g > u Distance from the source(lun) Distance from the source (km) Fig. 3.1. B. Longitudinal profiles of the major tributaries of the Kaveri River 125 Distance from the source(km) Distance from the source(km) E E >es Distance from the source(km) Distance from the source(km) E e Distance from the source(km) Distance from the source(km) Fig. 3.1. C. Longitudinal profiles of the major tributaries and the main channel of the Kaveri River 126 Distance from the source(km) Distance from the source(km) Distance from the source(m) Poini Cheyyar Distance from the source (km) Distance from the source (km) Tenneri Palar Channel Distance from the source (km) Distance from the source (km) Fig. 3.2. Longitudinal profiles of the major rivers of the Palar Basin 127 E c i Distance from the source(km) Distance from the sourcedtm) Distance from the source (km) Distance from the source (km) .S I s Distance from the source (km) Distance from the source (km) Fig. 3.3. Longitudinal profiles of the major rivers of the Ponnaiyar Basin 128 Tributaries in the middle domain of the Kaveri Basin notably the Arkavathi, Shimsha and Chinnar as well as the Nagavathi River in the lower domain, particularly show deviation from the normal concave steady-state profile. Furthermore, the long profiles of the Amaravati and Bhavani Rivers in the lower domain of the Kaveri Basin are characterized by remarkably steep upper segments (Fig. 3. IB). This implies a rapid decline in channel slope and associated unit stream power in the headwaters of these tributaries. The main channel of the Kaveri River shows noteworthy absence of steeper upper segment. It has been stated earlier that the Kaveri originates over the Mysore Plateau and descends to the Tamil Nadu Plains before being deeply entrenched into bedrock in its middle course between Shivasamudram and Hogenakkal Falls. The long profiles of most of the tributaries of the Palar and Ponnaiyar Rivers as well as the tributaries in the lower domain of the Kaveri Basin also do not exhibit the typical concave-up profile, one would expect in the case of the rivers draining areas characterized by tectonic stability or uniform lithology or an ancient landscape. 3.4. Normalized Longitudinal Profiles: It is likely that the slight to noteworthy differences in the long profile shapes (Figs. 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) may be also due to the differences in basin relief and size (surrogate for power and discharge). Therefore, the long profile length and relief were normalized to minimize the effects of these two variables and highlight the effects of tectonics and/or lithology. The elevations and distances were divided by the head (i.e. maximum basin relief) and the total stream length, respectively to normalize the long profiles (Seidl et al., 1994; Lee and Tsai, 2009) (Fig. 3.4). The normalized longitudinal profiles of the streams (Hemavathi, Kabbini, Suvarnavati and Lakahamahantirtha) in the upper domain of the Kaveri Basin (Fig. 3.4 A), display slight change in channel-bed elevation with distance. This is the typical property of the rivers originating over plateaux characterized by nearly flat terrain. These rivers originate on the Mysore Plateau and meet the Kaveri while on plateau without descending onto the plains. Hence, steep segments and knick points are absent. 129 The middle domain of the Kaveri Basin is characterized by tributaries meeting the Kaveri within the gorge section between Shivasamudram to Hogenakkal Falls (e.g. Shimsha, Arkavathi, Chinnar, Dodda Halla and Thattai Halla). Hence, these rivers exhibit knick points or breaks in their longitudinal profiles (Fig. 3.4 B). This is due to the fact that most of these rivers flow through an area which is controlled by the structural fabric.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seasonal Variation of Cauvery River Due to Discharged Industrial Effluents at Pallipalayam in Namakkal
    Vol. 8 | No. 3 |380 - 388 | July - September | 2015 ISSN: 0974-1496 | e-ISSN: 0976-0083 | CODEN: RJCABP http://www.rasayanjournal.com http://www.rasayanjournal.co.in SEASONAL VARIATION OF CAUVERY RIVER DUE TO DISCHARGED INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS AT PALLIPALAYAM IN NAMAKKAL K. Sneka Lata 1, A. Jesu 2, M.S. Dheenadayalan 1 1Department of Chemistry G.T.N. Arts College, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu. India. 2Department of Chemistry, Kathir College of Engineering, Neelambur, Coimbatore (T.N.)India *E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The impact of industrial effluent like dyeing, sugar, and paper discharged from the banks of Cauvery river at pallipalayam in Namakkal district. It is observed during the study that many dyeing, sugar and paper units discharged their untreated effluent into the river Cauvery in this criminately without any treatment. The river water samples and ground water samples and soil sample collected in the study area reveals that high degree of the pollution cost by untreated effluent of heavy metal analysis from the river water and ground water and soil. So that industries major culprit in damaging the river water, ground water and soil used for the agricultural purpose. The increased loading of toxic effluent day by day due to the toxic effluent of surface water, ground water and soil. The total pollution due to industrial effluent causes the great damage to the environmental pollution of river Cauvery at pallipalayam in Namakkal district. Keywords: Raw effluents, treated effluents, total dissolved solids, dyeing industry, physico chemical analysis ©2015 RAS ĀYAN. All rights reserved INTRODUCTION The Kaveri, also spelled Cauvery in English, is a large Indian river.
    [Show full text]
  • Castle Leslie in Ireland Also Has a Levitating Bed
    30 TRAVEL MAIL Mail Today, New Delhi, Sunday, January 9, 2011 Paranormal activity at a feast for the senses Castle Leslie in Ireland also has a levitating bed. No wonder Sir Paul McCartney and Heather Mills chose to get married there. By Kalpana Sunder MONAGHAN IS WHERE CASTLE LESLIE IS UK feel I have walked onto the set of a period North Atlantic Ocean film. A world packed with antiques and Northern anecdotes. A perfect setting for staging DUBLIN Ireland murder mysteries or exploring the para- normal. In the hands of the Leslie family I (who can trace their lineage to Attila the BELFAST Hun) since the 1600s, Castle Leslie in Glaslough village, County Monaghan in Ire- land, sprawls over a thousand acres. GALWAY MONAGHAN The large antique key that I receive for my room sets the tone for the next few days. The decor is quirky and filled with family history. There are no distractions like televi- sion sets, phones, wifi, clocks or mini-bars. The furnish- DUBLIN ings are a bit worn out, like in someone’s home — well IRELAND lived and comfortable. There are three gleaming lakes, ancient woodlands and forests of ash, yew and sycamore, even an integrated wetlands system. The castle also UK boasts of a top-class equestrian centre with more than 30 N CORK horses, a riding school, and miles of bridle paths. For foodies, Castle Sammy’s father, a dashing pilot ghoulish delight the picture of NATURE’S ESSENCE: The area has three gleaming lakes, forests of Leslie has a full- fledged cooking who wrote several books including Brede House, the most haunted ash, yew and sycamore, and even an integrated wetlands system school with some unusual courses the classic Flying Saucers Have house in England from where this like Men-Only and Irish cooking Just Landed.
    [Show full text]
  • Cauvery and Mettur Dam Project – an Analysis
    Vol 6 Issue 1 July 2016 ISSN No :2231-5063 InternationaORIGINALl M ARTICLEultidisciplinary Research Journal Golden Research Thoughts Chief Editor Dr.Tukaram Narayan Shinde Associate Editor Publisher Dr.Rajani Dalvi Mrs.Laxmi Ashok Yakkaldevi Honorary Mr.Ashok Yakkaldevi Welcome to GRT RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2231-5063 Golden Research Thoughts Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. Regional Editor Dr. T. Manichander International Advisory Board Kamani Perera Mohammad Hailat Hasan Baktir Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, English Language and Literature Lanka University of South Carolina Aiken Department, Kayseri Janaki Sinnasamy Abdullah Sabbagh Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Librarian, University of Malaya Engineering Studies, Sydney Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK] Romona Mihaila Ecaterina Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Romania Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Delia Serbescu Loredana Bosca Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Spiru Haret University, Romania Ilie Pintea, Romania Spiru Haret University, Romania Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Anurag Misra Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Xiaohua Yang DBS College, Kanpur PhD, USA George - Calin SERITAN Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political ......More University, Oradea,Romania Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi Editorial Board Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami Rajendra Shendge ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur Director, B.C.U.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Probable Agricultural Biodiversity Heritage Sites in India
    Full-length paper Asian Agri-History Vol. 17, No. 4, 2013 (353–376) 353 Probable Agricultural Biodiversity Heritage Sites in India. XVIII. The Cauvery Region Anurudh K Singh H.No. 2924, Sector-23, Gurgaon 122017, Haryana, India (email: [email protected]) Abstract The region drained by the Cauvery (Kaveri) river, particularly the delta area, falling in the state of Tamil Nadu, is an agriculturally important region where agriculture has been practiced from ancient times involving the majority of the local tribes and communities. The delta area of the river has been described as one of the most fertile regions of the country, often referred as the ‘Garden of South India’. Similarly, the river Cauvery is called the ‘Ganges of the South’. The region is a unique example of the knowledge and skills practiced by the local communities in river and water management with the construction of a series of dams for fl ood control, and the establishment of a network of irrigation systems to facilitate round- the-year highly productive cultivation of rice and other crops. Also, the region has developed internationally recognized sustainable systems with a conservational approach towards livestock rearing in semi-arid areas and fi shing in the coastal areas of the region. In the process of these developments, the local tribes and communities have evolved and conserved a wide range of genetic diversity in drought-tolerant crops like minor millets and water-loving crops like rice that has been used internationally. In recognition of these contributions, the region is being proposed as another National Agricultural Biodiversity Heritage Site based on indices used for the identifi cation of such sites.
    [Show full text]
  • General-STATIC-BOLT.Pdf
    oliveboard Static General Static Facts CLICK HERE TO PREPARE FOR IBPS, SSC, SBI, RAILWAYS & RBI EXAMS IN ONE PLACE Bolt is a series of GK Summary ebooks by Oliveboard for quick revision oliveboard.in www.oliveboard.in Table of Contents International Organizations and their Headquarters ................................................................................................. 3 Organizations and Reports .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Heritage Sites in India .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Important Dams in India ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Rivers and Cities On their Banks In India .................................................................................................................. 10 Important Awards and their Fields ............................................................................................................................ 12 List of Important Ports in India .................................................................................................................................. 12 List of Important Airports in India ............................................................................................................................. 13 List of Important
    [Show full text]
  • DHARMAPURI District Came Into Existence from 2Nd October, 1965
    DHARMAPURI District came into existence from 2nd October, 1965. Area • After the bifurcation of Krishnagiri District from Dharmapuri District, the total geographical area of the district is 4497 Sq.kms. Soil • Different types of the soils such as black or mixed loams, red ferruginous and gravel are found in the district. District Collector: S.Malarvizhi I.A.S • The black or red loam is very fertile due to its moisture absorbing character. • Red and sandy clay loam soils are seen in Vannampatti area. River • The Chief Rivers that flow through the District are Cauvery, Chinnar and Vaniyar. • Though River Cauvery flows the border of the State, as well as the District, due to topographical condition possibility of construction of Dam is far away in the planning of the state. REVENUE DIVISIONS: Important Food Crops • Dharmapuri • Paddy • Harur • Cumbu Location • Cholam • The present Dharmapuri District is surrounded by Thiruvanamalai • Ragi, ,Villupuram Districts in the East, Karnataka State in the West, Krishnagiri District in the • Redgram North and Salem District in the South. • Blackgram Present Day • Mochai • Dharmapuri District was bifurcated from the • erstwhile Salem District and Dharmapuri Mango, • Banana For any queries mail to: [email protected] • Potato • High quality black granite is available in Pennagaram, Harur and Palacode blocks. • Cabbage • Quartz is available • Brinjal, • Another High value mineral available here is • Bhendi Molybdenum, which is identified as a good conductor. • Tomato Notable personalities Non food crops • The relentless freedom fighter and heroic • Cotton patriot Subramaniya Siva chose Papparapatti village. • Mulberry • He was the author of the journal • Flowers Jnanabhanu. The books Ramanuja Vijayam • Betelwine and Madhya vijayam were written by him.
    [Show full text]
  • Econ0mtc APPRAISAL
    - ECoN0MtC APPRAISAL 2009-2010 & 2010-2011 EVALUATION AND APPLIED RESEARCH DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL\ NADU KURALAGAM, CHENNAI . 600 108 =) 1. STATE OF THE ECONOMY A common thread running through this document is that development is a process of cumulative change that results from forces that raise productivity in each sector of the economy. Capital accumulation is to be interpreted to include productivity – enhancing investment in human resources. Human investment deserves particular consideration in the context of inclusive economic growth. Educational programmes are important not only as a matter of growth policy but also for their important bearing on how the gains from growth will be distributed both among income groups and among various sectors of the economy. 1.1. State Income: The State economy had reached a higher growth plane – it registered a growth rate of 10.36 during 2009-10 and 9.33 during 2010-11 at constant prices. In absolute terms it was ` 353238/- crore and ` 387973/- crore respectively. During the period 2005-06 to 2010-11, the average annual growth in GSDP was at 10.06 per cent – primary sector 4.87 per cent, secondary sector 10.07 per cent and tertiary sector 11.11 per cent. During the 11th Five Year Plan, the overall growth achieved was at 7.80 per cent. Primary sector recorded a meagre 1.08 per cent, secondary sector 8.07 per cent and tertiary sector registered 9.01 per cent. The State metamorphosed from being primary-producing into a predominant service sector. The share of primary sector dwindled from 43.51 per cent during 1960-61 to 8.81 during 2010-11.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 2 - Physical Features of Tamil Nadu Class: IV Subject: Social I
    Unit 2 - Physical Features of Tamil Nadu Class: IV Subject: Social I. Choose the correct answer. 1. Which wildlife sanctuary is located in Tamil Nadu? a. Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary b. Corbett national park c. Sunderbans national park d. Ranthambore national park 2. Western ghats and Eastern ghats meet at________. a. Aravalli range b. Nilgiri range c. Himalayas range d. Vidhyas range 3. The topmost branches of trees form a chain called______. a. sunlight b. canopy c. forest d. mangrove 4. Tamil Nadu has______. a. extreme winters b. highest rainfall c.tropical climate d. snow fall E5. Forests found in places where heavy rainfall occurs is ____. a. deciduous forests b. swamp forests c. evergreen forests d. none of them II. Match the following. 1. Mountain ranges in Tamil Nadu - Western and Eastern ghats 2. Suruli waterfall - Theni 3. India’s first sea bridge - Pamban Bridge 4. Pichavaram - Mangrove 5. Tamilnadu’s coastline - Third longest in India III. True or False. 1. Tamil Nadu is the 4th largest state in India. False 2. Hogenakkal falls is called Niagara of India. True 3. kurunji flowers bloom every 8 year. False 4. Tamil Nadu experiences hot and humid weather throughout the year. True 5. Deciduous forests do not shed leaves. False IV. Answer in brief. 1. What are the different landscapes of Tamil Nadu? Mountains Plateaus Plains Coasts 2. What are the different plains in Tamil Nadu? River plains Coastal plains 3. Name the waterfalls in Tamil Nadu. Hogenakkal falls Courtallam falls Suruli waterfalls Vattaparai falls 4. Describe the climate of Tamil Nadu.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report on 20 Years Perspective Tourism Plan for the State of Tamil Nadu
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TOURISM AND CULTURE DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM MARKET RESEARCH DIVISION FINAL REPORT ON 20 YEARS PERSPECTIVE TOURISM PLAN FOR THE STATE OF TAMIL NADU March 2003 CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES (I) PVT. LTD. NEW DELHI KOLKATA MUMBAI CHENNAI Contents Chapters Page No. Executive Summary 1. Introduction 1.1 Scope of work 1 of 7 1.2 Objectives 3 of 7 1.3 Deliverables 4 of 7 1.4 Approach 4 of 7 1.5 Methodology 6 of 7 1.6 Structure of the Report 7 of 7 2. Profile of the State 2.1 Evolution of Tamil Nadu 1 of 27 2.2 Geographic Features 4 of 27 2.3 Climate 6 of 27 2.4 Econo-Cultural Activities 6 of 27 2.5 Tourism Scenario 15 of 27 2.6 Eco-Tourism in India 18 of 27 2.7 Tourism Policy 27 of 27 3. Tourist Destinations in the State 3.1 Pilgrimage Destinations 2 of 41 3.2 Heritage Locations and Historic Monuments 9 of 41 3.3 Destinations of Scenic Beauty, Forests and Sanctuaries 16 of 41 3.4 Tourist Festival Locations 30 of 41 3.5 Adventure Destinations 34 of 41 3.6 Leisure Destinations 39 of 41 4. Analysis and Forecast 4.1 Trends in Tourist Flow 1 of 27 4.2 SWOT Analysis 7 of 27 4.3 Tourist Forecast 19 of 27 4.4 Potential Destinations 25 of 27 5. Tourism Infrastructure 5.1 Carrying Capacity 2 of 25 5.2 Quality of Service 17 of 25 6. Strengthening Tourism 6.1 WTO’s Bali Declaration 1 of 24 6.2 Strategy for Tourism Promotion 5 of 24 6.3 Product Development 7 of 24 6.4 Augmentation of Infrastructure 17 of 24 6.5 Employment Potential 22 of 24 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Tourism Satellite Account, Tamil Nadu, 2009-10
    Regional Tourism Satellite Account Tamil Nadu, 2009-10 Study Commissioned by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India Prepared By National Council of Applied Economic Research 11, I. P. Estate, New Delhi, 110002 © National Council of Applied Economic Research, 2014 All rights reserved. The material in this publication is copyrighted. NCAER encourages the dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the publisher below. Published by Anil Kumar Sharma Acting Secretary, NCAER National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) Parisila Bhawan, 11, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi–110 002 Email: [email protected] Disclaimer: The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Governing Body of NCAER. REGIONAL TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNT–TAMIL NADU, 2009-10 STUDY TEAM Project Leader Poonam Munjal Senior Advisor Ramesh Kolli Core Research Team Rachna Sharma Amit Sharma Monisha Grover Praveen Kumar Shashi Singh i REGIONAL TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNT–TAMIL NADU, 2009-10 ii REGIONAL TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNT–TAMIL NADU, 2009-10 PREFACE Tourism is as important an economic activity at sub-national level as it is at national level. In a diverse country like India, it is worthwhile assessing the extent of tourism within each state through the compilation of State Tourism Satellite Account (TSA). The scope of State TSAs goes beyond that of a national TSA as it provides the direct and indirect contribution of tourism to the state GDP and employment using state-specific demand and supply-side data.
    [Show full text]
  • Details of Works for Highways
    DETAILS OF WORKS FOR HIGHWAYS DEMAND No.21 --- HIGHWAYS AND MINOR PORTS DEPARTMENT Page HEADS OF DEPARTMENT Number 21 02. CHIEF ENGINEER - NATIONAL HIGHWAYS 1—35 21 03. CHIEF ENGINEER (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE ) - HIGHWAYS 36—161 21 04. CHIEF ENGINEER (HIGHWAYS) - PROJECTS 162—220 21 05. PROJECT DIRECTOR - TAMIL NADU ROAD 221—224 SECTOR PROJECT 21 07. CHIEF ENGINEER (HIGHWAYS) - NABARD 225—235 AND RURAL ROADS 21 10. CHIEF ENGINEER (METRO) 236—247 DEMAND NO.21 - HIGHWAYS AND MINOR PORTS DEPARTMENT 21 2 Chief Engineer, National Highways 5054 01 337 JA [ ` in Thousands] Expenditure Budget Revised Budget Estimate upto Estimate Estimate Estimate Details of Works Amount 31-03-2019 2019-2020 2019-2020 2020-2021 5054 CAPITAL OUTLAY ON ROADS AND BRIDGES 01 National Highways 337 Road Works JA Original works 16 Major Works ( DPC 5054 01 337 JA 16 00 ) 1. AS / TS / RAS: 180000 18,00,00 ... 1 11,47 18,00,00 G.O.(MS).No 28 Highways and Minor ports (HV2) Department dated 04.03.2019 64 Lands ( DPC 5054 01 337 JA 64 09 ) 1. AS / TS / RAS: 0 New Works likely to be sanctioned ... ... ... 1 1 TOTAL - 5054 01 337 JA 18,00,00 ... 1 11,48 18,00,01 1 DEMAND NO.21 - HIGHWAYS AND MINOR PORTS DEPARTMENT 21 2 Chief Engineer, National Highways 5054 05 800 SA [ ` in Thousands] Expenditure Budget Revised Budget Estimate upto Estimate Estimate Estimate Details of Works Amount 31-03-2019 2019-2020 2019-2020 2020-2021 5054 CAPITAL OUTLAY ON ROADS AND BRIDGES 05 Roads 800 Other Expenditure SA Revamped Central Road Fund 16 Major Works ( DPC 5054 05 800 SA 16 04 ) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest and Environment Department
    ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS DEPARTMENT POLICY NOTE ON FOREST AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT 2004-2005 DEMAND NO. 14 R. VAITHILINGAM MINISTER FOR FOREST AND ENVIRONMENT 1 ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST DEPARTMENT POLICY NOTE INTRODUCTION 1.1. The life and well being of a nation depends on its sustainable development. It is a process of social and economic betterment that satisfies the needs and values of all interest groups without foreclosing future options. To this end, we must ensure that the demand on the environment from which we derive our sustenance, does not exceed its carrying capacity for the present as well as future generations. This conservation is pre-requisite for sustainable development. 1.2. We have a great tradition of environmental conservation which taught us to respect nature and to take cognizance of the fact that all forms of life - human, animal and plant - are closely interlinked and that disturbance in one gives rise to an imbalance in other’s. Even in modern times, as is evident in our constitutional provisions and environmental legislation and planning objectives, conscious efforts have been made for maintaining environmental security along with developmental advances. The Indian Constitution in the Section on Directive Principles of State Policy assigns duties for the State and all citizens through Article 48 A and Article 51 A(g) which state that the “State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife in the country” and “to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes and rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for the living creatures”.
    [Show full text]