dramatic gold lighting, as if she were on a stage. Ber- nini treated his medium in a new way as well. He - turyAn was important the system feature of choosing of Louis XIV’sand supporting court that artistswas to called influence the artSalon well into the nineteenth cen- did not adhere to the classical calm and natural flow toof draperynew limits around and tried the figure to make that stone had lookbeen like used real in . This annual exhibition es the past. Instead, Bernini pushed the use of marble tablished a set of rules for judgingAcadémie art that Royale is still de influential in the art world today. It was also under The importance of the Baroque style extended Peinture et de Sculpture, often referred to simply as fabric and even clouds. the “ ruleAcademy of Louis XIV that the

,” was established, and it soon came beyond Italy. In Flanders, Peter Paul Rubens (1577–- principles of taste. to be a means for imposing aesthetic standards and 1640) established a huge workshop and produced- works of great energy and color that became mod els for many artists. In the mid-seventeenth centu- To the south, the Spanish court of King Philip IV ry, Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–69), a Dutch artist, of Spain tried to emulate the court of France, and his created some of the best-known works from the Ba- court painter, Diego Velázquez (1599–1660), was roque period. Rembrandt is recognized not only as a a contemporary of Bernini. Velázquez’s method of ispainter The Night and printmaker,Watch but also as one of the great building his figures from patches of color, rather estSortie draftsmen of Captain ever. Banning Perhaps Cocq’s his Company best-known of the workCivic than starting from a drawing, became a model for Guard. Like many other (1642), group more portraits properly of known the time, as many later artists. In fact, Velázquez’s work had an - influenceRococo, on Neoclassicism,the movement we call Impressionism.and Romanticism each member of the company depicted paid a cer - While the Rococo - tain sum to be included in the painting. Rembrandt- tension of the Baroque period, it is quite different chose to break with tradition and grouped the mem in form and content. styleWhereas might the be Baroque seen as aimedan ex bers of the company in a way that gave more atten - ultimatelytion to some caused members the decline than toof others.his career. This Though break with tradition, as well as other problems in his life, to arouse grand emotions, Rococo works were cel- - sailles.ebrations The of emphasis gaiety, romance, was on light-hearted and the frivolity decora of- Rembrandt died in poverty, the self-portraits of his tionthe grand with the life useat court, of gold particularly and pastel thecolors. court at Ver painted.later years are considered to be some of the great est studies of the inner life of the sitter ever to be Three artists who excelled at capturing the el- - trons are considered the greatest masters of the It might be argued that the Baroque period egance and wit so valued by their aristocratic pa reached its peak in France. There, Louis XIV had - come to power, and his long reign was marked by torRococo of a new style. genre Jean-Antoine of painting Watteaucalled the (1684–1721) fête galante. a blossoming of French culture. Louis XIV united- was the leader of a new generation and the innova all of France and built a lavish palace at Versailles - beginning in 1669. The palace and its grounds cov- Paintings of this genre generally depicted members- ered about two thousand acres and included variousor- of the nobility in elegant contemporary dress enjoy grandangerie chateaux, or greenhouse, and gardens. for the There king’s was orange a stable, trees. ca ing leisure time in the countryside. François Bouch pable of housing hundreds of horses, and a grand er (1703–70) was influenced by Watteau’s delicate fountains and waterfalls that included a grand ca- oftenstyle. transformed He became thethe favoritecharacters painter of classical of Madame myth Eventually there was also a zoo and a system of intoPompadour, scenes of mistress courtly gallantry, to Louis with XV, an and emphasis his works on The opulence and power of this “sun king,” around nal large enough for the staging of mock sea battles. - model that contemporaneous monarchs tried to em- nardnubile studied nudes. with Jean-Honoré Boucher, Fragonardand his works (1732–1806) strongly ulate.whom the world of the court revolved, became a was also promoted by Madame Pompadour. Frago

reflect Boucher’s influence. USAD Art Resource Guide • 2017–2018 • Revised Page 25