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Nandankanan of Odisha : Wonder of the World ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review Nandankanan of Odisha : Wonder of the World Prof. Prafulla Kumar Mohanty Nandankanan : the nature’s paradise to 850 48’ 13" East longitude (Survey of India Toposheet No. 73H/15 NW). Nandankanan is the name of a biological park of Odisha. The literal meaning of Nandankanan Zoological Park is one of Nandankanan is “garden of pleasure” or the the premier large zoos recognized by the Central “garden of Gods”. The very name of Zoo Authority (CZA), Government of India. “Nandankanan” in mythology delineates the Unlike conventional zoos, it covers over vast 3.62 ecstatic, but imaginary beauty of the celestial sq. km (362.1 ha) of undulating topography with natural moist deciduous forest, water bodies and garden. It also indicates the real beautiful spots attractive landscape that provides the zoo par excellence on the planet earth, where one can inhabitants an appropriate natural ambience to live see the panoramic views of nature and appreciate in harmony with the nature. Nandankanan the glamour and audience that exist in featural Zoological Park (includes Kanjia Lake of 66.1 architecture of plants and animals. Nandankanan ha) comprises of 362.1 ha and Nandankanan biological park is a protected area which enjoys Wildlife Sanctuary covers 437 ha (4.37 sq. km). a spectacular position in India for its inimitable The Zoological Park is a part of Nandankanan amalgamation of in situ (in place or in natural or Wildlife Sanctuary. original position) and ex situ (outside the natural The State Botanical Garden spreading habitat or off site conservation) conservation over an area of 75 ha adjoining the Zoological endeavours. Park was handed over to Nandankanan Geography and topography of Nandankanan Management in August, 2006. Two important wetlands namely Kanjia Lake of 66 ha and Amidst the natural scenic beauty of natural Kiakani Lake of 25 ha are included under forest adjacent to Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Nandankanan. The former is the main water Sanctuary, Nandankanan maps in the vicinity of source of Nandankanan Zoological Park and Kanjia Lake. This site covers a portion of State Botanical Garden. The Zoological Park with Krishnanagar and Jujhagarh Demarcated the Kanjia Lake and the Botanical Garden has Protected Forest (DPF) and close to Baranga been declared as Nandankanan Wildlife Railway Station on Howrah-Chennai route. Sanctuary over an area of 4.37 sq.km on 3rd Geographically it is located between 200 48’ 09" August, 1979. 18 APRIL - 2021 Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 The wetlands support rich diversity of Visitors or tourists can witness both flora and fauna (plants and animals) which is Zoological Park and Botanical Garden practically a veritable laboratory for wetland comfortably since both the areas are separated education and training. So, it is listed as wetlands by Kanjia Lake. This Kanjia Lake has been of national importance by the Ministry of included in the list of wetlands of national Environment, Forest and Climate Change, importance in the year 2006 due to its rich Government of India in 2006. Most of the animals biodiversity. of Nandankanan live in open, large moated areas Background history of Nandankanan surrounded by natural jungle and vegetation. This The history of Nandankanan is interesting offers a natural feeling of living close to their natural and surprising. A few number of wild animals were habitat. Nandankanan was dedicated to the public collected initially from different parts of Odisha on 29th December, 1960. for the World Agricultural Fair organized at New Nandankanan Wildlife Sanctuary is Delhi during January and February, 1960. After located in the north eastern region of Khordha the fair, the animals were brought to Odisha in district of Odisha. This sanctuary, in fact, includes May, 1960 and were kept near Khandagiri to Zoological Park, Botanical Garden, Kanjia Lake exhibit to the people. Because of water scarcity and some adjoining swampy areas (Fig.1). It is a and improper housing, it was thought to have a unique sanctuary as it is one of the few protected zoo where the animal could be safe. Further, at areas with conservation programmes blending that time, no zoos were there at Odisha. together. It provides the quality standard housing, Keeping this in view, the then Chief husbandry and health care facilities to the captive Minister Dr Harekrushna Mahtab and the Minister wild animals and contributes towards enriching of Development Dr Radhanath Ratha along with our knowledge on wild flora and fauna, their senior forest officials ventured to have a suitable biology and breeding, particularly on endangered site for the establishment of a zoo where water species. source must be there. Then the famous Chandaka Nandankanan is 17 km from Cuttack and forest having Kanjia Lake was traced and decided 15 km form Bhubaneswar, the state capital of to have construction work to keep the animals in Odisha by road. The nearest railway station is captivity. Barang which is less than 1 km from Sri SK Patil, the new Minister of Food Nandankanan. Cuttack railway station is about and Agriculture, Government of India inaugurated 15 km and Bhubaneswar railway station is 18 the Biological Park named Nandankanan on 29th km. The nearest airport is Bhubaneswar which is December, 1960. Then a Botanical Garden came about 20 km distance. This indicates that road, up adjoining to the Biological Park in the other railway and airport connectivity to Nandankanan side of Kanjia Lake. The park along with the is excellent. Accommodation for tourists is adjoining forest has been notified as Nandankanan available only during day time on prior reservation Wildlife Sanctuary as Nandankanan Zoological from the office of the Deputy Director, Park in 1980 on recommendation of the Odisha Nandankanan Zoological Park. Legislative Assembly Committee. APRIL - 2021 19 ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review Fig. 1 Map of Nandankanan. Gradually the structure of the sanctuary got own family of white tigers and a separate gene expanded and the first tiger was introduced in pool. On 20th January, 1984 a lion safari over 20 1964 from the Alipore Zoo, Calcutta (presently ha was inaugurated inside the zoo. Subsequently, Kolkata) along with a pair of African lions, a puma the first white tiger safari covering 12 ha was also and a pair of muggers during the session of All created in 1991. Two more safaris such as India Congress Committee held at Bhubaneswar. “herbivore (plant eating) safari” of 21 ha and “bear The first open air tiger enclosure was built up in safari” comprising 5 ha were established in 2011 1967 and it surprised everybody that the last and 2012, respectively. surviving tigress in Chandaka forest was lured on 4th January, 1967 into this enclosure, where a male Apart from the introduction of several tiger “Pradeep” by name was already housed. She species of animals and birds, an aquarium was was named “Kanan”. developed on the February, 2008 by the Chief Minister of Odisha. In course of time, many With passing of time, Nandankanan facilities and amenities namely electronic entry achieved distinction in first ever breeding of the gate, battery operated vehicle (BOV), reverse gharial which was brought from Frankfurt Zoo on breeding loan on 7th May, 1980. In the same osmosis (RO) drinking water kiosk, interpretation year, two normal colored tigers “Deepak” and centre, zoo museum, life feed rearing centre etc. “Ganga” gave birth 3 white offsprings namely were created and added for attracting and “Debabrata”, “Alaka” and “Nanda” on 8th facilitating tourists and visitors of the world January, 1980. By this Nandankanan opened its (Table 1). 20 APRIL - 2021 Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 Table-1 Facilitation for tourists at Planning and objectives of Nandankanan Nandankanan On development, growth and success, Sl No. Name of the facility or amenity Nandankanan defined its vision, mission and available objectives for betterment of the society. The vision 01 Reverse Osmosis (RO) water Kiosks is to strengthen the efforts in conservation of biodiversity of the region through ex situ 02 Toilets at convenient locations conservation coupled with in situ methods. The 03 Special toilets, wheel chairs and rams mission is to achieve the distinction of an for differently abled persons outstanding zoo through world class conservation, education, research and connecting people, 04 Rest areas, sit-outs, visitors’ shed at students and researchers to biodiversity different points conservation and protection (Fig. 2). 05 Tourists’ Cottage 06 Restaurant and Snacks Bar 07 Cloak Room close to entrance gate 08 Perambulator for children 09 First-aid (Zoo Hospital and Administrative Office) 10 Library 11 Baby Care House 12 Emission free Battery Operated Vehicle (BOV) 13 Guide Maps Fig. 2 Objectives of Nandankanan Zoological Park. 14 Publications However, in a nut shell, the objectives of 15 Nature Shop (Souvenir shop) developing Nandankanan Biological Park are as follows. 16 Childrens’ Park 1. Housing of wild animals and birds with 17 Polythene Exchange Counter appropriate emphasis on research and 18 Trained Guide education on their ecology, behavioral biology, physiology and enrichment in a semi- 19 Picnic Spot natural ambience. 20 Zoo Museum 2. Conservation breeding of the endangered 21 Interpretation Centre species in captivity with least human imprints and to release them in nature to recoup their 22 Transport for visiting safari status in the wild. APRIL - 2021 21 ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review 3. To facilitate research and scientific analysis Table-2 Different days for observation and on animal behavior, enclosure enrichment, awareness feed, nutrition and reproductive biology. Sl Period of Name of the day for No. observation observation 4. To promote education and awareness amongst visitors towards conservation of 01 January 10 Save the Eagle Day wildlife. 02 January 20 Penguin Awareness Day 5. To ensure housing of captive animals and 03 January 21 Squirrel Appreciation Day birds with emphasis on health care, animal 04 January 31 International Zebra Day welfare and better animal husbandry.
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