Hydrocarbon Activity on Ghana's Continental Shelf: Requirements Under International Environmental Law

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hydrocarbon Activity on Ghana's Continental Shelf: Requirements Under International Environmental Law HYDROCARBON ACTIVITY ON GHANA'S CONTINENTAL SHELF: REQUIREMENTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW By SOLOMON FAAKYE JUR-3910 Master’s Thesis Master of Laws(LLM),Law of the Sea University of Tromsø Faculty of Law Fall 2012 15.663 words I Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 4 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 7 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Environmental Impacts ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Delimitations ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Methods and Materials ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Disposition of the Study ................................................................................................................... 13 2.0 CHAPTER TWO - LEGAL CONTEXT OF THE STUDY ................................................................................. 14 2.1 Jurisdictional Basis for Hydrocarbon Activity in Ghana .................................................................... 14 2.2 Relationship between Ghana Law and International Law ................................................................ 15 2.3 Overview of International Environmental Laws Applicable to Ghana's Hydrocarbon Industry ....... 16 2.31 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) ......................................................... 16 2.32 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and Its Protocol (MARPOL 73/78) .................................................................................................................................................. 17 2.33 International Convention on Oil Preparedness and Response (OPRC) ....................................... 19 2.34 Regional Instrument - ................................................................................................................. 19 2.4 National Laws .................................................................................................................................... 21 2.41 The Environmental Protection Agency Act ................................................................................. 22 2.42 Environmental Assessment Regulations ..................................................................................... 22 2.43 The Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Law ...................................................................... 24 2.44 Marine Pollution Bill .................................................................................................................... 26 2.45 Draft Marine Pollution Prevention And Control Regulations ..................................................... 26 2.5 Overview of Chapter Two ................................................................................................................. 27 3.0 CHAPTER THREE - IMPLICATIONS OF IEL INSTRUMENTS FOR HYDROCARBON ACTIVITY ON GHANA’S CONTINENTAL SHELF .................................................................................................................................. 28 2 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2 General Duty to Protect the Marine Environment ........................................................................... 28 3.3 Duty to Cooperate............................................................................................................................. 29 3.4 Duty to Conduct Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring ............................................. 31 3.5 Duty to Prevent and Control Transboundary Pollution .................................................................... 32 3.6 Duty to Adopt Laws and Take Measures .......................................................................................... 32 3.7 Marine Pollution Requirements ........................................................................................................ 33 3.8 Emergency Preparedness and Response .......................................................................................... 34 3.9 Regional Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 35 3.10 Overview of Chapter Three ............................................................................................................. 36 4.0 CHAPTER FOUR - EVALUATION OF GHANAS RESPONSES TO REQUIREMENTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ............................................................................................................................... 37 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 37 4.2 General Duty to Protect the Marine Environment ........................................................................... 37 4.3 Duty to Cooperate............................................................................................................................. 39 4.4 Duty to Conduct Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ............................................................... 40 4.5 Duty to Prevent Transboundary Pollution ........................................................................................ 42 4.6 Duty to Adopt Laws ........................................................................................................................... 43 4.7 Marine Pollution Requirements ........................................................................................................ 44 4.8 Emergency Preparedness and Response .......................................................................................... 45 4.9 Regional Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 46 4.10 Overview of Chapter Four ............................................................................................................... 46 5.0 CHAPTER 5 - RECCOMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................... 47 5.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 47 5.2 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 49 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 50 LIST OF FIGURES FIG 1 Project Location..........................................................................................7 FIG 2 FPSO Operations.........................................................................................9 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ECOWAS.......................................................... Economic Community of West African States EHS......................................................... Environmental Health and Safety EPA.......................................................... Environmental Protection Agency GNPC......................................................... Ghana National Petroleum Company FPSO.......................................................... Floating Production Storage Object UNEP.......................................................... United Nations Environmental Programme ICJ .......................................................... International Court of Justice UNCLOS.................................................... United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UN........................................................... United Nations EEZ ........................................................ Exclusive Economic Zone ACHPR........................................................ African Charter for Human and Peoples Right IEL......................................................... International Environmental Law MARPOL........................................................ International Convention on Marine Pollution IMO ........................................................ International Maritime Organization OPRC..................................................... International Convention on Oil Preparedness Response and Cooperation AC...................................................... Abidjan Convention EPA...................................................... Environmental
Recommended publications
  • Bibliography
    BIbLIOGRAPHY BOOKS/BOOK CHAPTERS Ali, Saleem H. Treasures of the Earth: Need, Greed, and a Sustainable Future. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. Akiwumi, Fenda A. “Conflict Timber, Conflict Diamonds Parallels in the Political Ecology of the 19th and 20th Century Resource Exploration in Sierra Leone.” In Kwadwo Konadu-Agymang, and Kwamina Panford eds. Africa’s Development in the Twenty-First Century: Pertinent Socio-economic and Development Issues. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006. Anyinam, Charles. “Structural Adjustment Programs and the Mortgaging of Africa’s Ecosystems: The Case of Mineral Development in Ghana.” In Kwadwo Konadu-Agyemang ed. IMF and World Bank Sponsored Structural Adjustment Programs in African: Ghana’s Experience, 1983–1999. Burlington, USA: Ashgate, 2001. Appiah-Opoku, Seth. “Indigienous Knowledge and Enviromental Management in Africa: Evidence from Ghana” In Kwadwo Konadu-Agymang, and Kwamina Panford eds. Africa’s Development in the Twenty-First Century: Pertinent Socio-­ economic and Development Issues. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006. Ashun, Ato. Elmina, the Castle and the Slave Trade. Elmina, Ghana: Ato Ashun, 2004. Auty, Richard M. Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis. New York: Routledge, 1993. Ayensu, Edward S. Ashanti Gold: The African Legacy of the World’s Most Precious Metal. Accra, Ghana: Ashanti Goldfields, 1997. © The Author(s) 2017 205 K. Panford, Africa’s Natural Resources and Underdevelopment, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54072-0 206 Bibliography Barkan, Joel D. Legislative Power in Emerging African Democracies. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2009. Boahen, A. Adu. Topics in West African History. London: Longman Group, 1966. Callaghy, Thomas M. “Africa and the World Political Economy: Still Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place.” In John W.
    [Show full text]
  • 101101Ogj Ghanainsert 1 1 10/18/10 10:04 AM
    101101ogj_Ghanainsert_1 1 10/18/10 10:04 AM contents A new era for Ghana 1-2 The clock counts down to first oil, A new Era for Ghana 3-8 First Oil and Beyond and to economic transformation 9-10 Supporting Growth 11-16 Building a Downstream Powerhouse 17-20 Powering Up 21 n 2007, exactly fifty years after gaining A Champion for Africa I its independence, the West African 22 nation of Ghana made the offshore oil Data and References discovery that is now poised to help transform the countrys economy and turn it into an upstream and downstream energy hub for the region. Foreign investors from across the world, including international oil majors from the US and Europe and state-owned oil companies from China and elsewhere, are now lining up to enter the country, staking out early positions in a brand new territory, and seizing this rare opportunity to ramp up their reserves. The first oil from the Jubilee field, up to John Atta Mills, President of Ghana All production and editing was done 1.8 billion barrels of light crude oil and by Star Communications. For more associated gas reserves in deep water in the information: Gulf of Guinea, is set to start flowing by the proved to be a curse as much as a blessing in www.star-communications.us end of 2010, after one of the fastest countries such as neighboring Nigeria, development times ever seen in the global Ghana is pushing through new legislation Writing: offshore industry. that will try to ensure that the oil and gas Mark Beresford Production from the field, which is discoveries serve to raise the standard of Production Development: operated by Tullow, will start in November living across the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report Petroleum Funds for 2019
    Annual Report on the Petroleum Funds For 2019 Presented to Parliament on Wednesday, 13th November, 2019 By Ken Ofori-Atta, Minister for Finance As Part Of The Presentation Of The 2020 Budget Statement And Economic Policy And, In Consonance With Section 48 Of The Petroleum Revenue Management Act, 2011 (Act 815), As Amended (Act 893). On the Authority of His Excellency Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, President of the Republic of Ghana The Annual Report on the Petroleum Funds for 2019 i | Ministry of Finance, Professional, Ethical, Efficient, Responsive – Transforming Ghana Beyond Aid The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government of Ghana for the 2020 Financial Year To purchase copies of the Report, please contact the Public Relations Office of the Ministry Ministry of Finance Public Relations Office New Building, Ground Floor, Room 001 and 003 P. O. Box MB 40 Accra – Ghana The 2019 Annual Report on the Petroleum Funds is also available on the internet at: www.mofep.gov.gh ii | Ministry of Finance, Professional, Ethical, Efficient, Responsive – Transforming Ghana Beyond Aid The Budget Statement and Economic Policy of the Government of Ghana for the 2020 Financial Year Acronyms and Abbreviations ABFA Annual Budget Funding Amount APP Asset Purchase Program Bcf Billion Cubic Feet BoE Bank of England BoG Bank of Ghana Bopd Barrels of Oil per Day CAPI Carried and Participating Interest CDB China Development Bank ECB European Central Bank FOMC Federal Open Market Committee FPSO Floating Production Storage and Offloading GDP Gross Domestic
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Budget Highlights “Sowing the Seeds for Growth and Jobs”
    www.pwc.com/gh 2017 Budget Highlights “Sowing the Seeds for Growth and Jobs” March 2017 Contents 2017 Budget Highlights 2 Commentary 2 At a Glance 6 The Economy 10 Direct Taxation 30 Indirect Taxation 34 Sectoral Outlook Overview 38 Appendix 1 50 Glossary 54 Our Leadership Team 57 PwC 2017 Budget Highlights 1 2017 Budget Highlights Commentary he much anticipated first budget statement of the Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo led government was finally presented to Parliament on 2 March 2017 under the theme “Sowing the seeds for growth and jobs”. The budget is anchored to the Tcountry’s medium term vision and priorities of Government, incorporates programmes initiated under the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda II (“GSGDA II”), and is informed by the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (“SDGs”), and the African Union’s Agenda 2063. It is also set within the context of the IMF’s three-year Extended Credit Facility (“ECF”) programme with Ghana. Key policy objectives targeted in the medium-term include: a business- friendly and industrialised economy that creates jobs; a modernised agricultural sector that emphasises value addition and improved efficiencies; countrywide integrated infrastructure, and enhanced human capital. At PwC, in keeping with our practice for more than 15 years now, we have Vish Ashiagbor reviewed and analysed the budget statement, offered our independent Country Senior Partner views on Government’s policy intentions, proposed initiatives, and the 2017 economic targets. PwC Ghana The Hon. Minister of Finance, Mr Ken Ofori-Atta, noted that provisional data available indicates that economic performance in 2016 was weak.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth and Oil & Gas : Governance in Ghana
    YOUTH AND OIL & GAS GOVERNANCE IN GHANA - Nationwide Survey Admittedly, the discovery of oil in itself does not automatically translate into development. Instead, it is the strategies, the economic framework and policy decisions of the government which create the environment for investment. Such decisions should be guided by empirical research. Since the announce- ment about Ghana’s oil find, there has been much literature on the oil discovery and its impact on the economy. However, it is difficult to assume the views of young people who are beneficiaries or victims of the decisions being made today. This nation-wide study sought to provide a major source of credible informa- YOUTH AND OIL & GAS tion to policy-makers on the views and expectations of young people in order to shape policies and programmes to make them responsive to their needs. GOVERNANCE IN GHANA Further, the study sought to measure the expectations of young people on the oil and gas sector, their level of appreciation of the oil and gas issues, their level Nationwide Survey of participation in the decision-making processes and how they would process their grievances. Again, the study considers what medium of communication will be most appropriate in reaching the majority of Ghanaians for the purposes of public education on oil and gas issues and expectation management. This publication has been made possible by Youth Network for Human Rights & Democracy (you-net) and the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Ghana. Youth Network for Human Rights & Democracy (you-net) is a non-governmental, not-for-profit organization dedicated to building the capacity of young people and the rural poor to participate actively in the governance of their communities especially in relation to resource allocation, good governance, peace-building and conflict prevention.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Budget Highlights “Putting Ghana Back to Work”
    www.pwc.com/gh 2018 Budget Highlights “Putting Ghana Back to Work” November 2017 Contents Commentary 2 At a Glance 6 The Economy 12 Taxation 34 Sectoral Outlook Overview 44 Appendix 1 60 Appendix 2 62 Glossary 64 Our Leadership Team 67 PwC 2018 Budget Highlights 2018 Budget Highlights Commentary n a bid to consolidate the Ghanaian economy’s path to macroeconomic stability and to boost the productive sectors of the economy, the 2018 Budget Statement (“the Budget”) of Government of Ghana has the theme “from stabilisation to growth: putting Ghana back Ito work again”. This is anchored on the medium term development programme aimed at providing opportunities for growth and job creation. The Akufo-Addo Government’s maiden budget in March 2017 highlighted a number of bold policy initiatives designed to restore macroeconomic stability, tackle structural rigidities in the budget, boost productivity through abolishing “nuisance taxes” while plugging revenue leakages and reducing import exemptions, tightening expenditure controls to minimise inefficiencies, and reducing the incidence of poverty through job creation. The 2018 Budget Statement is premised on consolidating the gains made during 2017 in stabilising the Ghanaian economy and increasing Vish Ashiagbor individual participation in the economy by “putting Ghana back to work”. The primary policies outlined in the budget statement focus on Country Senior Partner the creation of a conducive business environment which allows for the PwC Ghana economic engagement of all Ghanaians; promoting inclusive growth without compromising fiscal consolidation. Projections for selected macroeconomic indices suggest that Ghana has The 2018 Budget Statement good economic prospects over the medium-term, given prudent fiscal management, with a sound basis provided for the private sector to expand.
    [Show full text]
  • PIAC 2018 Annual Report
    PUBLIC INTERESTPIAC AND ACCOUNTABILITY COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED UNDER THE PETROLEUM REVENUE MANAGEMENT ACT, 2011 (ACT 815) ANNUAL REPORT ON THE MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PETROLEUM REVENUES FOR THE PERIOD 2018 PIAC Public Interest and Accountability Committee www.piacghana.org Safeguarding Your Petroleum Revenues PUBLIC INTEREST AND ACCOUNTABILITY COMMITTEE REPUBLIC OF GHANA ANNUAL REPORT ON THE MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PETROLEUM REVENUES FOR THE PERIOD ABOUT THIS REPORT The 2018 PIAC Report is in fulfilment of PIAC’s statutory obligation under the Petroleum Revenue Management Act, 2011 (Act 815). The Act, as amended by the Petroleum Revenue Management (Amendment) Act, 2015 (Act 893), enjoins PIAC to publish a semi-annual and annual report. The Report is a reconciliation of data supplied by stakeholder institutions and an independent assessment of the collection, management and use of the country’s petroleum revenues for the period January – December 2018. 2 JANUARY – DECEMBER 2018 JANUARY – DECEMBER 2018 3 CONTENTS List of Acronyms Foreword Executive Summary CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Scope 1.3 Methodology 1.4 Outline of the Report CHAPTER 2 2.0 UPDATE ON IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS CHAPTER 3 3.0 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR 3.1 Developments in the Policy / Regulatory Space 3.1.1 Energy Commission’s Regulatory Activities 3.1.2 Gas Master Plan 3.1.3 Developments in Exploration and Production CHAPTER 4.0 PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND SALES 4.1 Crude Oil Production 4.2 Gas Production 4.3 Cost of Crude Production
    [Show full text]
  • The Commission Shall Advise the President on Development Planning Policy and Strategy
    The Commission shall advise the President on development planning policy and strategy [and] shall, at the request of the President, make proposals for the development of multi-year rolling plans taking into consideration the resource potential and comparative advantage of the different districts of Ghana. Article 87 (1) and (2b) of the 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana Ghana@100 Published by: National Development Planning Commission, No.13 Switchback Road, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana. © National Development Planning Commission All rights reserved. First printing: November 2019 Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgement is requested together with a copy of the publication. This document is available on the NDPC website: www.ndpc.gov.gh Designed and Printed by: Print Innovation www.print-innovation.com +233 267 771 670 ii National Development Planning Commission Presidents of the Fourth Republic of Ghana 2017 - Ghana@100 I November 2019 iii Foreword n 7th January, 2017, when I swore the oath, Ghana was faced with a myriad of socio- economic challenges, characterised Oby poor macroeconomic conditions; rising rates of unemployment, especially amongst the youth; declining private sector, industrial and agricultural growth; disaffection for the political class arising out of perceived insensitivity to the plight of ordinary citizens; worsening health care services; pervasive corruption among public office holders; destruction of the environment and water bodies through illegal mining; amongst others. These challenges demanded a new direction and a new approach. This is what informed the Ghana@100 document. The vision for this new direction is informed by the need to establish a strong economy, that creates opportunities, inspires people to start businesses, stimulates expansion of existing businesses, and, ultimately, leads to the creation of jobs, increased economic growth and higher incomes.
    [Show full text]
  • PIAC 2019 Annual Report
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA PUBLIC INTEREST AND ACCOUNTABILITY COMMITTEE REPORT ON THE MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PETROLEUM REVENUES DECEMBER 2019 ABOUT THIS REPORT The 2019 PIAC Report is in fulfilment of PIAC’s statutory obligation under the Petroleum Revenue Management Act, 2011 (Act 815). The Act, as amended by the Petroleum Revenue Management (Amendment) Act, 2015 (Act 893), enjoins PIAC to publish a Semi-Annual and an Annual Reports. Contents List of Acronyms xxiv Foreword xxx Executive Summary xxxii CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Scope 1.3 Methodology 1.4 Outline of the Report CHAPTER 2 2.0 UPDATE ON IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS CHAPTER 3 3.0 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR 3.1 Developments in the Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Space 3.1.1 New Petroleum Agreements 3.1.2 Changes to Existing Petroleum Agreements 3.1.3 Changes to General Petroleum Regulations 3.1.4 Proposed Amendment to Petroleum Revenue Management Act 3.2 Upstream Local Content Capacity Building 3.2.1 Local Content Fund 3.3 Exploration and Production Activities 3.3.1 Jubilee Field 3.3.2 Tweneboa, Enyenra Ntomme (TEN) Field 3.3.3 Sankofa Gye Nyame (SGN) Fields /Offshore Cape Three Points 3.3.4 Deep Water Tano Cape Three Points (DWT/CTP) Field 3.3.5 Cape Three Point (CTP) Block 4 3.3.6 South Deepwater Tano (SDWT) Block 3.3.7 West Cape Three Points Block 2 3.3.8 Saltpond Decommissioning Project 3.3.9 Voltaian Basin Project CHAPTER 4 4.0 PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND SALES 4.1 Crude Oil Production 4.2 Gas Production 2 2019 Annual Report 4.3 Gas Export
    [Show full text]
  • The 2019 Reconciliation Report on the Petroleum Holding Fund
    The 2019 Reconciliation Report on the Petroleum Holding Fund Presented to Parliament in March 2020 By Ken Ofori-Atta, Minister for Finance In fulfilment of the requirements of Section 15 of the Petroleum Revenue Management Act, 2011 (Act 815), as amended (Act 893) On the Authority of His Excellency Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, President of the Republic of Ghana The 2019 Reconciliation Report on the Petroleum Holding Fund To purchase copies of the Report, please contact the Public Relations Office of the Ministry Ministry of Finance Public Relations Office New Building, Ground Floor, Room 001 and 003 P. O. Box MB 40 Accra – Ghana The 2019 Reconciliation Report on the Petroleum Funds is also available on the internet at: www.mofep.gov.gh Acronyms and Abbreviations ABFA Annual Budget Funding Amount APP Asset Purchase Program AOGC Accelerated Oil & Gas Capacity Bcf Billion Cubic Feet BoE Bank of England BP British Petroleum BoG Bank of Ghana Bopd Barrels of Oil per Day CAPI Carried and Participating Interest CAPEX Capital Expenditure CTP Cape Three Points CDB China Development Bank ECB European Central Bank FOMC Federal Open Market Committee FPSO Floating Production Storage and Offloading GDP Gross Domestic Product GHF Ghana Heritage Fund GIIF Ghana Infrastructure Investment Fund GNPC Ghana National Petroleum Corporation GOG Government of Ghana GOR Gas Oil Ratio GPFs Ghana Petroleum Funds GPP Gas Processing Plant GSF Ghana Stabilisation Fund GUSIP Ghana Upstream Internship Project IHUC Installation Hook Up and Commissioning ITLOS International
    [Show full text]
  • Positive Energy
    POSITIVE ENERGY 2014 ANNUAL REPORT Kosmos Energy is proudly contrarian. We strive to be a first mover, not a follower. As a self-funded explorer, we target high-value, high-volume barrels in frontier and emerging basins. This strategy delivered world-class production and development assets in Ghana. Building on this success, we are now embarking on a ‘second inning’ exploration campaign with multiple basin and play opening wells, testing several billion barrels of potential gross resource. Fellow Shareholders, 2014 was a good year for Kosmos. cheaper power generation at a time when the people We acted decisively and ahead of the of Ghana are suffering from severe power outages. As we continue to increase gas exports from Jubilee and industry to prepare the company for lift the FPSO gas processing rate, we expect to raise oil continued success in a period of production toward FPSO capacity in 2015. With cash lower oil prices. costs around $20 per barrel, Jubilee production will continue to generate significant cash flow even in the With world-class assets that generate significant cash current oil price environment. flow even in the current price environment, and a strong The TEN project, the second major oil development balance sheet, we are well positioned to seize the in Ghana, remains within budget and on-track to opportunities provided by the oil and gas market and deliver first oil in the second half of 2016. The project create value for our shareholders. is now more than 50 percent complete with all 10 of the wells expected to be online at first oil already RESERVES AND PRODUCTION drilled.
    [Show full text]
  • PIAC 2017 Annual Report
    PUBLIC INTEREST AND ACCOUNTABILITY COMMITTEE ABOUT THIS REPORT The 2017 PIAC report is in fulfilment of PIAC’s statutory obligation under the Petroleum Revenue Management Act, 2011 (Act 815). The Act, as amended by Act 893, enjoins PIAC to publish a semi-annual and annual report. The Report is a reconciliation of data ANNUAL REPORT ON supplied by stakeholder institutions and an MANAGEMENT OF independent assessment PETROLEUM REVENUES FOR of the collection and management of the THE PERIOD JANUARY – country’s petroleum revenues for the period DECEMBER 2017 January – December 2017. PIAC PUBLIC INTEREST AND ACCOUNTABILITY COMMITTEE (PIAC) Report on the Management of Petroleum Revenue for 2017 PUBLIC INTEREST AND ACCOUNTABILITY COMMITTEE (PIAC) Report on the Management of Petroleum Revenues for 2017 i Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations.......................................................................................................... ix Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ xii Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... xv 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]