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Home , Brian Merriman, Irish poetry, Medbh McGuckian, Michael Hartnett, Michael Longley, Thomas Kinsella

TWO TONGUES IN ONE MOUTH: EROTIC ELEMENTS IN NUALA NÍ DHOMHNAILL’S IRISH AND ITS ENGLISH

WIM TIGGES

The Irish novelist and storyteller George Moore has a priest in one of his short stories maintaining that “The Irish find poetry in other things than sex”.1 Whatever he may have thought about this Catholic view, Moore himself, well versed not only in the late nineteenth-century Continental literary tradition but also, if more indirectly, in the native Irish one, was well aware that when it comes to poetry and particularly that in their own language, the Irish have never been averse to the frank treatment of matters sexual and erotic. Indeed, the medieval Irish classic epic Táin Bó Cuailnge, in which the redoubtable Queen Medb of Connaught promises, in ’s , her “own friendly thighs on top of” more material rewards in return for the loan of that desirable Irish bull around which the whole cattle-raid story pivots, is a conventional mixture of prose and poetry, and therefore does not strictly fall within the parameters of this present volume. But one of the most famous poems in the canon of is the highly erotic vision poem The Midnight Court (Cúirt an Mheon-Oíche, c. 1780) by (?1745- 1805).2 The literary history of is a bilingual one, and after a dip during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some of its most celebrated

1 George Moore, “Patchwork”, in The Untilled Field (1903, rev. edn, 1931), Gloucester, 1990 , 54. 2 The Táin, trans. Thomas Kinsella, Oxford, 1969, 55, and see ’s translation (“my own close friendship”) from the “chaster” version in her Cuchulain of Muirthemne, in, for example, A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore, ed. Claire Booss, New York, 1986, 522. Brian Merríman, Cúirt an Mheon-Oíche, ed. Liam P. Ó Murchú, , 1982, also contains a translation of this 1026-line poem into English. For a more accessible recent translation, see Brian Merriman’s The Midnight Court and Other Poems from the Irish, trans. David Marcus, Dublin, 1989, 5-40. 358 Wim Tigges living now once again write in the . Obviously, they need translations of their work into English in order to become accessible to a wider public, even within Ireland. It may be of interest, therefore, to look in some detail at a handful of poems by one of the major Irish poets of the present day, Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill. Born of Irish parents in Lancashire in 1952, but brought up in Irish-speaking West Kerry and Tipperary, and educated at University College, Cork, where she studied English and Irish, Ní Dhomhnaill is now one of the best-known poets in the Irish language. In this essay, I will look at a handful of poems from the bilingual collection Pharaoh’s Daughter,3 in order to note how the ’s Irish texts have been rendered into English by a variety of other poets, and in particular how the originals and the translations correspond as well as differ in their erotic charge. To give readers who are not familiar with Ní Dhomhnaill’s work an impression of her poetry, here is the first poem I intend to discuss, “Oileán”, both in Irish and in English:

Oileán is ea do chorp i lár na mara móire. Tá do ghéaga spréite ar bhraillín gléigeal os farraige faoileán.

Toibreacha fíoruisce iad t’uisí 5 tá íochtar fola orthu is uachtar meala. Thabharfaidís fuarán dom i lár mo bheirfin is deoch slánaithe sa bhfiabhras. 10

Tá do dhá shúil mar locha sléibhe lá breá Lúnasa nuair a bhíonn an spéir ag glinniúint sna huiscí. 15 Giolcaigh scuabacha iad t’fhabhraí ag fás faoina gciumhais. Is dá mbeadh agam báidín

3 Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill, Pharaoh’s Daughter, Loughcrew, Oldcastle, Co. Meath, 1990; selected poems in Irish with English translations by thirteen Irish poets, including , , , Medbh McGuckian, , and .