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Download Scans WERKEN VAN Dr. JUL. PERSIJN uitgegeven of in voorraad bij de Gedenkdagen I N. V. Standaard-Boekhandel. VLAANDEREN. Kritisch kleingoed. Tweede druk. Veertig studiën over Vlaamsche schrijvers, 338 blz, door Dr, JUL. PERSYN Fr. 10. NOORWEGEN. Kijkjes op de Letterkunde van Elders, --- Een overzicht van de Noorsche geschiedenis Vlaamsche Bijdragen IV en letterkunde, gedrukt op kunstdrukpapier en geïllustreerd met een 200tal platen waaronder de portretten van de meest beroemde schrijvers : Wergeland, Welhaven, Ibsen, Bjoernson, Lie, Kielland, Garborg, Hamsun, Bojer. Fr. IESTHETISGHE VERANTWOORDINGEN. — Met zeven platen in kunstdruk, Bij het verschijnen van dit werk schreef Prof. A. Boon in Boekengids : " Bij Persijn vinden onze ontwikkelde lezers een veiligen gids in het duistere woud, dat hun de baan afspert in hun zoekenden opgang naar levensschoonheid. Verbazende bibliographische kennis en schatrijke belezen- heid, diepte van gedachten en gezondheid van oordeel, fijnheid van smaak en pittigheid van uitdrukking waar- borgen de degelijkheid van deze leidende beschou- wingen, „ Fr, 15.... AUGUST SNIEDERS EN ZIJN TIJD, Drie deelen. Dit werk behaalde den prijs der provincie Antwerpen, uitgeschreven voor de beste kunstmo_nographie tijdens de 3 laatste jaren verschenen. Per deel : fr, 15.— Dr. SCHAEPMAN : Etne monumentale biographic in twee boekdeelen van 544 en 738 blz. De twee deelen samen : fr. 105.-- a. N. V. STANDAARDBOEKHANDEL Emiel Jacqmainlaan, 127, Brussel. Bijhuizen : N. V. STANDAARD BOEKHANDEL, - BRUSSEL. Ste. Kaihelijnevesf, 28 Naamschesfraaf, 87 Antwerpen Leuven Gedenkdagen I GEDENKDAGEN I door Dr. JUL. PERSYN Vlaamsche Bijdrage IV STANDAARD BOEKHANDEL, N. V. - BRUSSEL Ter zalige gedachtenis van mijn Grootvader DOMIEN VAN DEN HENDE (1817-1896) den stoeren boer uit Peene-goed, die leefde in 't gezelschap van Bijbel, Augustinus, Poirters, Cats, Conscience, Snieders, Jules Verne en Balzac ; en die zijn kleinkind vertelde van veel schoonheid, die de menschen maken met hun pen. Een Proefje Voorgeschiedenis : de l3ri{sche Belgen. Laten we ditmaal met den Zondvloed beginnen, of eigenlijk nog een beetje vroeger. Bij de doorzoekers dezer aarde staat het vast, dat Groot--Britannië en Ierland niet steeds eilanden waren. In een onberekenbaar ver verleden moet men vasteland hebben gehad van Portugal tot Groenland en Scandinavië. In den diluvialen tijd bestond nog landelijke verbinding tusschen Britannië en de Noorsche gebieden. Maar binnen diezelfde periode begon .de Oceaan zijn aanvallen op de gewesten, die nu in de Noordzee bedolven liggen. Het Midden-Mioceen zag de zegevierende wateren hun rijk uitbreiden eenerzijds tot Jutland en Germanië, en anderzijds tot Kent. Van het Kanaal bestond nog geen spoor. Op dien overrompelenden vloed volgde een ebbe van belang. In 't Midden-Plioceen immers trok de Noordzee haar zuiderstrand terug tot een lijn, waarop later Kleef, Antwerpen, Brugge, Ijper kwamen te liggen. In 't jongste Plioceen was de zee geweken tot waar later den Bosch verrees en de Schelde haar monding kreeg. Ook langs den Britschen kant kwam een kentering, bij zoover dat 7 langs de Zuid-Oostzijde, waar nu de vlakten liggen van Suffolk en Norfolk, steeds meer land door de baren verlaten werd. Daar dit alles gebeurde in tertiaire tijden, is hier nog van menschenwezens geen sprake. Intusschen wordt het steeds waarschijnlijker, dat de bodem van Groot Britannië ongeveer even vroeg als de best begunstigde streken van 't West-Europeesche vasteland menschenbezoek ontving. Op even ernstigen grond wordt vermoed, dat in de quaternaire periode, zelfs in den Palaeolithischen tijd, Britannië nog geen eiland was. (1) Men mag dan ook onderstellen dat de Britsche Palaeoliethers en de onze met éen verhuizing uit het Oosten of het Zuiden gekomen zijn. Naar men gemeenlijk beweert, zouden onze Primitieven hebben behoord tot den Toeranischen stam. Onder de Palaeoliethers moet de groote ramp zijn voorgevallen, die bij de latere ontwikkeling van 't menschdom zoo groot een zegen voor Britannië zou worden. De inham der Noordzee aan den kant van 't huidige Kales had zich een weg gezocht langs de rotsravijnen naar 't Westen, en tusschen Frankrijk en Engeland golfden voortaan de wijde wateren. De duizenden Palaeoliethers, die in den muil van dien zeewolf hun dood vonden, zullen bij 't schemerlicht hunner primitief-verloopen hersentjes niet hebben ontwaard, dat men eenmaal zou mogen schrijven van 't heerlijke toeval, dat de afscheiding hakte tusschen Britannië en 't vasteland. (2) * • (1) Zie Sir William Turner : o. a. zijn Discourse at the Royal Institute, London 1898. (2) Zie 't ongeteekend art. in de « Nineteenth Century », 1870, over t The Franco-Prussian War ». Men vernam eerst later dat dit opzienbarend stuk van Gladstone was. 8 Kan de doorbraak van 't Kanaal in de rangorde der jaren bij benadering worden geboekt ? Verder dan tot gissingen zal men 't waarschijnlijk nooit brengen. Maar onder de meest ernstige valt vooral de jongste op te merken, die n. 1. van den Zweed O. Pettersson. Zijn studie over : « Klimaatveranderingen in historischen en voorhistorischen tijd » maakt op scherpzinnige wijze geloofwaardig dat de losmaking van Britannië zou te danken zijn aan een stormvloed, ongeveer 1800 jaar voor den Kimrischen, dus nagenoeg 2200 jaar v. Chr. Zoo zou dan Britannië wellicht sinds een veertigtal eeuwen als eiland bestaan. Deze gissing legt de groote gebeurtenis op een jongeren datum dan vroeger tamelijk algemeen werd vermoed. Krijgt Pettersson gelijk, dan wordt het Kanaalcataclysme waarschijnlijk naar den tijd der Neoliethers vooruit -- d. i. naar ons toe — geschoven. Van die Britsche Neoliethers weet men noch meer noch minder dan van die op het vasteland. Hebben ze zich ontwikkeld uit de Palaeoliethers, of is 't vermoeden van Sir William Turner gegrond, nl. dat ze van het vasteland zouden gekomen zijn, en wel na de doorbraak van 't Kanaal, maar langs « another land connection, a neolithic land-bridge, by which the men of the New Stone Age may have reached Scotland » ? (1) Dat zouden dan de veelbesproken Picten zijn, een ras « whose weapons still of stone were now highly polished and skilfully wrought. They began pastoral life in our country and settled finally into communities ; and the large chamber tombs under earth, or their denuded remains, extending from Caithness ( graafschap bovenaan (1) A. U. Keane : «Man past and present », Cambridge 1899 p. 11. 9 Schotland O.) to Dorset, (in 't Zuid-Westen van Engeland) , showed that they occupied all the habitable parts of the country ». (1) De Neoliethers waren kleine, zwartharige, zwartoogige menschen. Met die Picten vangen de Engelschen hun min of meer gevestigde voorgeschiedenis aan ; en in de Siluren van Zuid-Wallis zien velen hun afstammelingen. * * Hoelang hebben de Neoliethers Groot Britannië in ongestoord bezit gehad ? Dat valt vooralsnog niet uit te maken. De nieuwste wetenschap beweert, dat in het Bronzen Tijdvak, misschien reeds ongeveer 1800 jaar v. Chr., de eerste Kelten op 't eiland verschenen. Als « Gaels » of « Goidels » staan ze geboekt. In naam en wezen is 't hetzelfde soort menschen, die wij voor onze vastelandsche gewesten « Gallen » noemen, Kelten dus, die op hun zwerftochten uit het Oosten zich nederzetten in Gallië, het huidige Frankrijk en België. Het duurde niet lang of het eiland kreeg een tweede bezending dier Kelten. De Gallische schippers, die van de Belgische en Fransche kusten zich waagden op zee, vertelden bij hun thuiskomst van het land der witte klippen, en deden aldus onder hun krijgslustige stambroeders 't verlangen ontwaken, eens te gaan kijken aan de overzij van 't groote water. Ze landden het liefst op de Zuid-Oostkust, in 't huidige Kent. En waarschijnlijk zullen ze de vroegere Goidels gewapenderhand hebben verzocht het land verder in te gaan ; zooveel te dringender, daar steeds meer Kelten overkwamen, altijd uit hetzelfde noordelijk Gallië. Ze noemden zich zooiets als « Belgae » ; en die « Belgae », toen ze zich goed en (1) Chambers' Cyclopedia of English Literature. 10 voorgoed hadden neergezet in hun nieuwe land --- dat heet, in 't zuidelijk en vooral zuidwestelijk gedeelte, tusschen Cornwallis en 't huidige Londen —, werden, met degenen die even vöor hen uit dezelfde Belgische gewesten waren gekomen, « Brythons », Britten genaamd. (1) * * De Britten waren dus voor een ruim, wellicht voor een overwegend gedeelte, Belgen, d. w. z. een mengeling van Kelten en Germanen, zooals ons Belgische land ze toen kweekte. « Proto-Teutons » hebben sommige geleerden de Belgen genoemd, daarmee bedoelend Kelten, doorschoten met Germaansch bloed op grooter of kleiner schaal. Deze Goidels en Brythons dan waren de menschen, die de Ouden vonden bij hun eerste bezoeken op de Tineilanden, waar de Phoeniciërs sinds de 8e of 9e eeuw vöör Chr. de vermaarde delfstof vandaan haalden. Steeds verder drongen de Kelten door, naar West en naar Noord ; en hoe meer zij vorderden, des te sterker natuurlijk werd hun mengeling met de Picten. « They colonized not only Great Britain, but also the Isle of Man (2), the Western Isles and (1) Over de Belgen in Groot Britannië worden bijzonderheden vermeld vooral in : Rhys : « Celtic Britain » ; Elton : « Origin of English History » ; Wright : « The Celt, the Roman and the Saxon ». Bij Fórstemann leest men dat hetzelfde bel als in België zit in « Denderbelle », « Schellebelle », « Belsele », « Bellem ». In Westfaalsche en Nederlandsche oorkonden is er sprake van « Bele » (to dem Bele, von dem Bele of Biele) — dus ook « Bielefeld ». Wat beteekent het
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